LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7796329 / 1622-7432 JSONTXT 3 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T12 0-2 Sentence denotes 1.
T13 3-15 Sentence denotes Introduction
T14 16-116 Sentence denotes As COVID-19 spreads, conspiracy theories are spreading internationally and within certain countries.
T15 117-338 Sentence denotes Example conspiracies include that COVID-19 is part of a government bioweapons program, that 5G cell towers are spreading COVID-19, and that pharmaceutical companies are encouraging the spread of COVID-19 for profit [1,2].
T16 339-388 Sentence denotes Many conspiracy theories existed before COVID-19.
T17 389-525 Sentence denotes For example, conspiracy theories contended that President Obama was not born in the U.S., that Sandy Hook was a hoax, that the George W.
T18 526-607 Sentence denotes Bush Administration knew about the 9/11 plot before it happened, and that John F.
T19 608-672 Sentence denotes Kennedy was assassinated by the Central Intelligence Agency [3].
T20 673-808 Sentence denotes In the U.S., national opinion polls show that nearly 90% of Americans think that Lee Harvey Oswald did not act alone in killing John F.
T21 809-821 Sentence denotes Kennedy [4].
T22 822-1060 Sentence denotes Stempel et al. [5] reported that nearly one-third of American respondents accepted the theory that federal officials either facilitated the September 11th attacks or did nothing to stop them so that they could wage war in the Middle East.
T23 1061-1185 Sentence denotes In Korea, prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, there existed political conflicts between conservative and progressive sectors.
T24 1186-1279 Sentence denotes Such conflicts have manifested as various conspiracy theories after the outbreak of COVID-19.
T25 1280-1556 Sentence denotes For example, on Pen and Mike TV, a YouTuber channel, a conservative YouTuber (Jeong Gyu-jae) said, “I have doubts whether Corona 19 is actually a dangerous disease [6].” “There are 300 deaths, being less serious than cold, influenza, and pneumonia, with more than 2000 deaths.
T26 1557-2320 Sentence denotes Corona 19 is only a disease of the level of a seasonal cold, and the government is using it politically [3].” Other conspiracy rumors about COVID-19 in Korea have included: (1) that a person can get infected by going somewhere (e.g., a medical institution, restaurant, etc.) where a confirmed patient had visited, (2) that eating Chinese kimchi can cause infection, (3) that a mother and daughter who were confirmed to have been infected on a trip to Jeju Island were the family of the Vice Minister of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, (4) that a necklace that generates chlorine dioxide is effective for preventing COVID-19, and (5) that the government recommends that medical staff wear regular gowns rather than full-body protective clothes.
T27 2321-2397 Sentence denotes The Korean government clarified that this fake information was not true [7].
T28 2398-2568 Sentence denotes Previously, such conspiracy theories were thought to be believed by smaller groups of people, but more recently they have been gaining attraction with the general public.
T29 2569-2741 Sentence denotes Thus, Miller et al. [3] argue that most people believe at least one conspiracy theory; conspiracy theories are not solely the domain of extremists and paranoid individuals.
T30 2742-2924 Sentence denotes Based on nationally representative surveys, Oliver and Wood [8] show that most Americans consistently believe some conspiratorial story about a current political event or phenomenon.
T31 2925-2995 Sentence denotes People are thought to believe conspiracy theories for several reasons.
T32 2996-3279 Sentence denotes According to Douglas et al. [9], conspiracy theories help to satisfy individuals’ social-psychological motives, including epistemic (understanding one’s environment), existential (feeling safe and in control), and social (maintaining positive images of one’s self and group) motives.
T33 3280-3455 Sentence denotes Related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Earnshaw et al. [2] explain that conspiracy theories satisfy people’s existential motives by helping them to feel safe in their environments.
T34 3456-3694 Sentence denotes Furthermore, Miller [3] views the increase in conspiracy theories in contemporary Western culture as a result of diminishing faith in governments and argues that this process may be exacerbated by new forms of media, such as the Internet.
T35 3695-3768 Sentence denotes Understanding that conspiracy theories are necessary for several reasons.
T36 3769-3960 Sentence denotes Douglas et al. [10] argue that better understanding conspiracy theories is important because they have been closely linked to prejudice, witch hunts, revolutions, and genocide across history.
T37 3961-4017 Sentence denotes Conspiracy theories can foster political extremism [11].
T38 4018-4106 Sentence denotes Also, believing one conspiracy theory is linked to beliefs in other conspiracy theories.
T39 4107-4302 Sentence denotes Furthermore, in the field of health behavior, Earnshaw et al. [12] suggest that beliefs in conspiracy theories undermine engagement in pro-health behaviors and support for public health policies.
T40 4303-4444 Sentence denotes During the 2014 Ebola epidemic, individuals who believed conspiracy theories about Ebola expressed less support for quarantine policies [12].
T41 4445-4604 Sentence denotes Many African Americans had higher levels of conspiracy beliefs about the origin and treatment of HIV/AIDS; these beliefs were related to distrust in treatment.
T42 4605-4770 Sentence denotes Stronger beliefs in conspiracies contribute to health disparities by discouraging appropriate treatment behavior and play a role in declining vaccination rates [13].
T43 4771-4854 Sentence denotes Thus, conspiracy theories have negative effects in that they cause social distrust.
T44 4855-4906 Sentence denotes However, they have some positive functions as well.
T45 4907-5064 Sentence denotes According to Douglas et al. [10], conspiracy theories may empower individuals to challenge dominant hierarchies and question the behavior of powerful groups.
T46 5065-5247 Sentence denotes Understanding the spread of conspiracy theories related to COVID-19 is very important for preventing the disease’s spread and facilitating future treatment and vaccination processes.
T47 5248-5320 Sentence denotes Thus, this study analyzes the drivers of beliefs in conspiracy theories.
T48 5321-5427 Sentence denotes Previous studies in the fields of politics, psychology, and sociology have analyzed these drivers as well.
T49 5428-5559 Sentence denotes Because the existing research models have not been integrated, however, there are limitations in fully explaining previous results.
T50 5560-5635 Sentence denotes Thus, this study constructs more general model from integrated perspective.
T51 5636-5810 Sentence denotes This study examines how political, psychological, and social structural factors, which consists of 21 variables, impact on beliefs in conspiracy theories related to COVID-19.