Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1156 |
0-270 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recently, reports have also emphasized that seizure or epilepsy is a prolonged inflammatory condition, and that seizure activity rapidly increases the synthesis and release of various interleukins in rodent brain areas involved in seizure onset and their generalization. |
T35 |
0-270 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recently, reports have also emphasized that seizure or epilepsy is a prolonged inflammatory condition, and that seizure activity rapidly increases the synthesis and release of various interleukins in rodent brain areas involved in seizure onset and their generalization. |
T1157 |
271-426 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cytokines act on endothelial cells and change the permeability of the BBB, which exerts significant effects on neuronal viability and excitability [14,15]. |
T36 |
271-426 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cytokines act on endothelial cells and change the permeability of the BBB, which exerts significant effects on neuronal viability and excitability [14,15]. |
T1158 |
427-563 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, Sztriha [16] reported that dexamethasone pretreatment reduces vasogenic edema in thalamus following kainic acid-induced seizure. |
T37 |
427-563 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, Sztriha [16] reported that dexamethasone pretreatment reduces vasogenic edema in thalamus following kainic acid-induced seizure. |
T1159 |
564-715 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a 17 kDa protein that is produced mainly by activated macrophages and T cells in the immune system. |
T38 |
564-715 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a 17 kDa protein that is produced mainly by activated macrophages and T cells in the immune system. |
T1160 |
716-894 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TNF-α is expressed at low levels in normal brain and is rapidly upregulated in glia, neurons and endothelial cells in various pathophysiological conditions, including SE [17,18]. |
T39 |
716-894 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TNF-α is expressed at low levels in normal brain and is rapidly upregulated in glia, neurons and endothelial cells in various pathophysiological conditions, including SE [17,18]. |
T1161 |
895-1153 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TNF-α shows various effects on brain function depending on its local tissue concentration, the type of target cells, and especially the specific receptor subtype: TNF receptor I, or p55 receptor (TNFp55R); and TNF receptor II, or p75 receptor (TNFp75R) [19]. |
T40 |
895-1153 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TNF-α shows various effects on brain function depending on its local tissue concentration, the type of target cells, and especially the specific receptor subtype: TNF receptor I, or p55 receptor (TNFp55R); and TNF receptor II, or p75 receptor (TNFp75R) [19]. |
T1162 |
1154-1301 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, TNF-α induces macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) that recruits neutrophils under pathological conditions, including SE [14,20]. |
T41 |
1154-1301 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, TNF-α induces macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) that recruits neutrophils under pathological conditions, including SE [14,20]. |
T1163 |
1302-1466 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Neurons, microglia, and astrocytes produce MIP-2 when incubated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and/or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or after injury [21-23]. |
T42 |
1302-1466 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Neurons, microglia, and astrocytes produce MIP-2 when incubated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and/or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or after injury [21-23]. |
T1164 |
1467-1623 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, we have recently reported that SE-mediated MIP-2 expression is relevant to leukocyte infiltrations following SE in an IL-1β-independent manner [20]. |
T43 |
1467-1623 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, we have recently reported that SE-mediated MIP-2 expression is relevant to leukocyte infiltrations following SE in an IL-1β-independent manner [20]. |
T1165 |
1624-1813 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the relationship between the TNF-α system and BBB disruption/neutrophil infiltration during vasogenic edema formation induced by epileptogenic insults has not been fully clarified. |
T44 |
1624-1813 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the relationship between the TNF-α system and BBB disruption/neutrophil infiltration during vasogenic edema formation induced by epileptogenic insults has not been fully clarified. |
T1166 |
1814-1982 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the roles of TNF-α in vasogenic edema and its related events in rat epilepsy models provoked by pilocarpine-induced SE. |
T45 |
1814-1982 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the roles of TNF-α in vasogenic edema and its related events in rat epilepsy models provoked by pilocarpine-induced SE. |