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PMC:3312845 / 28471-34035 JSONTXT 25 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T209 0-10 Sentence denotes Discussion
T11625 11-246 Sentence denotes The major findings in the present study are that TNF-α signaling showed cellular specific responses of NF-κB phosphorylation in the PC following SE, which may be related to vasogenic edema formation followed by neutrophil infiltration.
T210 11-246 Sentence denotes The major findings in the present study are that TNF-α signaling showed cellular specific responses of NF-κB phosphorylation in the PC following SE, which may be related to vasogenic edema formation followed by neutrophil infiltration.
T11626 247-332 Sentence denotes BBB disruption has been reported in experimental and human epilepsy [12,13,15,16,28].
T211 247-332 Sentence denotes BBB disruption has been reported in experimental and human epilepsy [12,13,15,16,28].
T11627 333-470 Sentence denotes Leakage of serum-derived components into the extracellular space is associated with hyperexcitability and seizure onset [12,13,15,16,28].
T212 333-470 Sentence denotes Leakage of serum-derived components into the extracellular space is associated with hyperexcitability and seizure onset [12,13,15,16,28].
T11628 471-592 Sentence denotes Furthermore, dysfunction of the BBB leads to epileptogenesis and contributes to progression of epilepsy [12,13,15,16,28].
T213 471-592 Sentence denotes Furthermore, dysfunction of the BBB leads to epileptogenesis and contributes to progression of epilepsy [12,13,15,16,28].
T11629 593-697 Sentence denotes In the present study, TNF-α immunoreactivity was obviously observed in microglia in the PC following SE.
T214 593-697 Sentence denotes In the present study, TNF-α immunoreactivity was obviously observed in microglia in the PC following SE.
T11630 698-814 Sentence denotes TNF receptor expressions were also up-regulated in astrocytes (TNFp55R and TNFp75R) and endothelial cells (TNFp75R).
T215 698-814 Sentence denotes TNF receptor expressions were also up-regulated in astrocytes (TNFp55R and TNFp75R) and endothelial cells (TNFp75R).
T11631 815-985 Sentence denotes Furthermore, blockade of TNF-α signaling by sTNFp55 infusion effectively (but not completely) reduced volumes of SE-induced vasogenic edema and neuronal damage in the PC.
T216 815-985 Sentence denotes Furthermore, blockade of TNF-α signaling by sTNFp55 infusion effectively (but not completely) reduced volumes of SE-induced vasogenic edema and neuronal damage in the PC.
T11632 986-1149 Sentence denotes These findings indicate that TNF-α may participate in astroglial and endothelial responses to SE, which are relevant to SE-induced vasogenic edema formation [5-8].
T217 986-1149 Sentence denotes These findings indicate that TNF-α may participate in astroglial and endothelial responses to SE, which are relevant to SE-induced vasogenic edema formation [5-8].
T11633 1150-1245 Sentence denotes Indeed, TNF-α signaling increases BBB permeability in various experimental disease models [29].
T218 1150-1245 Sentence denotes Indeed, TNF-α signaling increases BBB permeability in various experimental disease models [29].
T11634 1246-1371 Sentence denotes In the present study, sTNFp55 infusion could not completely prevent SE-induced vasogenic edema and neuronal damage in the PC.
T219 1246-1371 Sentence denotes In the present study, sTNFp55 infusion could not completely prevent SE-induced vasogenic edema and neuronal damage in the PC.
T11635 1372-1491 Sentence denotes Therefore, our findings suggest that TNF-α signaling may not be a unique upstream event in vasogenic edema development.
T220 1372-1491 Sentence denotes Therefore, our findings suggest that TNF-α signaling may not be a unique upstream event in vasogenic edema development.
T11636 1492-1636 Sentence denotes p65 phosphorylation of NF-κB enhances its transactivation potential, and p65 phosphorylation occurs in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus [30].
T221 1492-1636 Sentence denotes p65 phosphorylation of NF-κB enhances its transactivation potential, and p65 phosphorylation occurs in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus [30].
T11637 1637-1812 Sentence denotes In the present study, p65-Thr435 immunoreactivity was detected in endothelial cells, and its immunoreactivity showed an inverse correlation to the degree of SMI-71 expression.
T222 1637-1812 Sentence denotes In the present study, p65-Thr435 immunoreactivity was detected in endothelial cells, and its immunoreactivity showed an inverse correlation to the degree of SMI-71 expression.
T11638 1813-1913 Sentence denotes SMI-71, an endothelial barrier antigen, is a protein expressed by endothelial cells of rat BBB [31].
T223 1813-1913 Sentence denotes SMI-71, an endothelial barrier antigen, is a protein expressed by endothelial cells of rat BBB [31].
T11639 1914-2006 Sentence denotes Under pathological conditions, SMI-71 expression is lost in endothelial cells [5,7,8,30,32].
T224 1914-2006 Sentence denotes Under pathological conditions, SMI-71 expression is lost in endothelial cells [5,7,8,30,32].
T11640 2007-2135 Sentence denotes Acute phases of the above pathological conditions are accompanied by opening of the BBB and development of vasogenic edema [33].
T225 2007-2135 Sentence denotes Acute phases of the above pathological conditions are accompanied by opening of the BBB and development of vasogenic edema [33].
T11641 2136-2375 Sentence denotes Indeed, neutralization of SMI-71 in vivo leads to widening of intercellular junctions between endothelial cells and swelling of perivascular astrocytic processes [34], although SMI-71 is not localized at endothelial cell junctions [35-38].
T226 2136-2375 Sentence denotes Indeed, neutralization of SMI-71 in vivo leads to widening of intercellular junctions between endothelial cells and swelling of perivascular astrocytic processes [34], although SMI-71 is not localized at endothelial cell junctions [35-38].
T11642 2376-2535 Sentence denotes In the present study, SMI-71 immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in blood vessels 1 day after SE when vasogenic edema and neuronal damage were observed.
T227 2376-2535 Sentence denotes In the present study, SMI-71 immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in blood vessels 1 day after SE when vasogenic edema and neuronal damage were observed.
T11643 2536-2623 Sentence denotes Furthermore, sTNFp55R infusion effectively prevented SE-induced SMI-71 down-regulation.
T228 2536-2623 Sentence denotes Furthermore, sTNFp55R infusion effectively prevented SE-induced SMI-71 down-regulation.
T11644 2624-2924 Sentence denotes With respect to the phosphorylation of p65-Thr435 by TNF-α [39], our findings indicate that TNF-α-mediated p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells may play an important role in vasogenic edema induction via SMI-71 degradation or its posttranslational dysfunction influencing BBB permeability.
T229 2624-2924 Sentence denotes With respect to the phosphorylation of p65-Thr435 by TNF-α [39], our findings indicate that TNF-α-mediated p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells may play an important role in vasogenic edema induction via SMI-71 degradation or its posttranslational dysfunction influencing BBB permeability.
T11645 2925-3216 Sentence denotes In our previous studies [5,8], dystrophin (an actin-binding protein [40]) immunoreactivity was detected in blood vessels and in astrocytic perivascular end-feet, and was down-regulated 12 hrs after SE prior to the appearance of vasogenic edema and down-regulation of SMI-71 immunoreactivity.
T230 2925-3216 Sentence denotes In our previous studies [5,8], dystrophin (an actin-binding protein [40]) immunoreactivity was detected in blood vessels and in astrocytic perivascular end-feet, and was down-regulated 12 hrs after SE prior to the appearance of vasogenic edema and down-regulation of SMI-71 immunoreactivity.
T11646 3217-3380 Sentence denotes With respect to this previous report, changes in SMI immunoreactivity would be causes/results of interaction between endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes.
T231 3217-3380 Sentence denotes With respect to this previous report, changes in SMI immunoreactivity would be causes/results of interaction between endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes.
T11647 3381-3510 Sentence denotes In the present study, p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation was observed in astrocytes following SE.
T232 3381-3510 Sentence denotes In the present study, p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation was observed in astrocytes following SE.
T11648 3511-3632 Sentence denotes Furthermore, sTNFp55R infusion effectively inhibited p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311phosphorylation in astrocytes following SE.
T233 3511-3632 Sentence denotes Furthermore, sTNFp55R infusion effectively inhibited p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311phosphorylation in astrocytes following SE.
T11649 3633-3762 Sentence denotes Therefore, it is likely that enhanced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation may be involved in TNF-α-mediated BBB disruption.
T234 3633-3762 Sentence denotes Therefore, it is likely that enhanced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation may be involved in TNF-α-mediated BBB disruption.
T11650 3763-3867 Sentence denotes However, sTNFp55R infusion could not prevent p65-Ser529 and p65-Ser536 phosphorylations from SE insults.
T235 3763-3867 Sentence denotes However, sTNFp55R infusion could not prevent p65-Ser529 and p65-Ser536 phosphorylations from SE insults.
T11651 3868-4062 Sentence denotes Since p65-Ser529 and p65-Ser536 are phosphorylated by TNF-α and IL-1β [41], it is likely that IL-1β-mediated p65-Ser529/Ser536 phosphorylation may also play a role in SE-induced vasogenic edema.
T236 3868-4062 Sentence denotes Since p65-Ser529 and p65-Ser536 are phosphorylated by TNF-α and IL-1β [41], it is likely that IL-1β-mediated p65-Ser529/Ser536 phosphorylation may also play a role in SE-induced vasogenic edema.
T11652 4063-4259 Sentence denotes Therefore, our findings indicate that both TNF-α and IL-1β may be synergists to play either a direct (by endothelial cells) or indirect (by astrocytes) role in the maintenance of BBB permeability.
T237 4063-4259 Sentence denotes Therefore, our findings indicate that both TNF-α and IL-1β may be synergists to play either a direct (by endothelial cells) or indirect (by astrocytes) role in the maintenance of BBB permeability.
T11653 4260-4411 Sentence denotes Neutrophil infiltration into brain parenchyma is transiently observed during the acute phase of SE (4 - 36 hr after SE) and disappears thereafter [20].
T238 4260-4411 Sentence denotes Neutrophil infiltration into brain parenchyma is transiently observed during the acute phase of SE (4 - 36 hr after SE) and disappears thereafter [20].
T11654 4412-4511 Sentence denotes SE rapidly increases synthesis and release of chemokines in various areas of the rodent brain [42].
T239 4412-4511 Sentence denotes SE rapidly increases synthesis and release of chemokines in various areas of the rodent brain [42].
T11655 4512-4618 Sentence denotes Among them, MIP-2 is required for efficient neutrophil or lymphocyte recruitment to brain parenchyma [43].
T240 4512-4618 Sentence denotes Among them, MIP-2 is required for efficient neutrophil or lymphocyte recruitment to brain parenchyma [43].
T11656 4619-4757 Sentence denotes In our previous study [20], neutrophil infiltration in the frontoparietal cortex was regulated by P2X7 receptor-mediated MIP-2 expression.
T241 4619-4757 Sentence denotes In our previous study [20], neutrophil infiltration in the frontoparietal cortex was regulated by P2X7 receptor-mediated MIP-2 expression.
T11657 4758-4903 Sentence denotes In the PC, however, neither a P2X7 receptor agonist/antagonist nor IL-1Ra (an IL-1β antagonist) infusion could not affect leukocyte infiltration.
T242 4758-4903 Sentence denotes In the PC, however, neither a P2X7 receptor agonist/antagonist nor IL-1Ra (an IL-1β antagonist) infusion could not affect leukocyte infiltration.
T11658 4904-5068 Sentence denotes In the present study, sTNFp55R infusion effectively inhibited neutrophil infiltration in the PC by reducing vasogenic edema formation in a MIP-2-independent manner.
T243 4904-5068 Sentence denotes In the present study, sTNFp55R infusion effectively inhibited neutrophil infiltration in the PC by reducing vasogenic edema formation in a MIP-2-independent manner.
T11659 5069-5308 Sentence denotes With respect to the present and our previous reports, it is therefore likely that vasogenic edema induced by TNF-α can induce neutrophil infiltration and press injury to evoke neuronal-astroglial loss in the PC, unlike other brain regions.
T244 5069-5308 Sentence denotes With respect to the present and our previous reports, it is therefore likely that vasogenic edema induced by TNF-α can induce neutrophil infiltration and press injury to evoke neuronal-astroglial loss in the PC, unlike other brain regions.
T11660 5309-5564 Sentence denotes In conclusion, our findings reveal that impairments of endothelial cell function via TNF-α mediated p65-Thr 435 NF-κB phosphorylation may be involved in SE-induced vasogenic edema, which is relevant to neutrophil infiltration and neuronal-astroglial loss.
T245 5309-5564 Sentence denotes In conclusion, our findings reveal that impairments of endothelial cell function via TNF-α mediated p65-Thr 435 NF-κB phosphorylation may be involved in SE-induced vasogenic edema, which is relevant to neutrophil infiltration and neuronal-astroglial loss.