Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
103-179 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
In the present study, the mechanisms underlying Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) |
T2 |
202-291 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
ER stress and apoptosis in DF-1 cells and Muscovy duckling hepatic tissues were explored. |
T3 |
292-542 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
On the fifth day post-infection, an increase in the mRNA levels of binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip) and X-box binding protein (XBP1), activation of XBP1/s, and an increase in percentage of apoptotic cells were observed in Muscovy duckling livers. |
T4 |
543-711 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
The use of ER stress inducer Tunicamycin and ER stress inhibitor Tauroursodeoxycholic acid demonstrated that MDRV induces apoptosis via ER stress, leading to apoptosis. |
T5 |
712-902 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
The use of Tunicamycin increased viral protein synthesis while Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduced viral protein synthesis, suggesting that MDRV induces ER stress benefiting virus replication. |
T6 |
903-973 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
The MDRV p10.8 is the major protein to induce ER stress and apoptosis. |
T7 |
974-1147 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
We found that p10.8 promotes the conversion of XBP1/u to XBP1/s and expands ER diameter, and increases the percentages of apoptotic cells in DF-1 and duckling liver tissues. |
T8 |
1148-1314 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
To investigate the mechanism underlying the MDRV p10.8-induced ER stress and apoptosis, Western blot, siRNA, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were performed. |
T9 |
1315-1407 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
We found that the MDRV p10.8 protein up-regulates Bip, p-IRE1, XBP1s, and cleaved-caspase 3. |
T10 |
1658-1716 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Knockdown of XBP1 by siRNA reversed the increased level of |
T11 |
1749-1751 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
3. |
T12 |
1752-1934 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
The present study provides mechanistic insights into the MDRV p10.8 protein induces ER stress, resulting in apoptosis via the Bip/IRE1/XBP1 pathway in DF-1 cells and duckling livers. |