| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
114-248 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Fish retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, whereas mammalian RGCs normally fail to do so. |
| T2 |
249-445 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
Interleukin 6 (IL-6)-type cytokines are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and axon regrowth; thus, they may play a role in the regeneration of zebrafish RGCs after injury. |
| T3 |
446-634 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
In this study, we assessed the expression of IL-6-type cytokines and found that one of them, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is upregulated in zebrafish RGCs at 3 days post-injury (dpi). |
| T4 |
635-773 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
We then demonstrated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a downstream target of LIF, at 3-5 dpi. |
| T5 |
774-915 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
To determine the function of LIF, we performed a LIF knockdown experiment using LIF-specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (LIF MOs). |
| T6 |
916-1083 |
DRI_Approach |
denotes |
LIF MOs, which were introduced into zebrafish RGCs via a severed optic nerve, reduced the expression of LIF and abrogated the activation of STAT3 in RGCs after injury. |
| T7 |
1084-1206 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
These results suggest that upregulated LIF drives Janus kinase (Jak)/STAT3 signaling in zebrafish RGCs after nerve injury. |
| T8 |
1207-1465 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
In addition, the LIF knockdown impaired axon sprouting in retinal explant culture in vitro; reduced the expression of a regeneration-associated molecule, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43); and delayed functional recovery after optic nerve injury in vivo. |
| T9 |
1466-1610 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
In this study, we comprehensively demonstrate the beneficial role of LIF in optic nerve regeneration and functional recovery in adult zebrafish. |
