Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T51 |
0-261 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The viruses associated with both SARS and COVID-19 enter the brain via a process involving the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 receptors located in the CNS [17–19], unlike the MERS virus, which gains entry via the plasma membrane or in the endosomes [20]. |
T52 |
262-377 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ACE-2 receptors are expressed in many parts of the body and are particularly densely expressed in the nasal mucosa. |
T53 |
378-582 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Coronaviruses that enter the body via the nasal mucosa may disrupt the nasal endothelium, cross the epithelial barrier, and then directly enter the lymphatic or circulatory system, accessing the CNS [21]. |
T54 |
583-691 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The SARS-CoV has been detected in the brain, and it is thought entry occurred by way of the olfactory nerve. |
T55 |
692-878 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Since there have been studies that located the SARS-CoV virus in the CNS but not the lung, it suggests that there is a direct pathway from the olfactory point of entry into the CNS [22]. |
T56 |
879-1144 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Alternatively, a high viral load in the brain following a pulmonary infection might mean the virus entered the brain from the respiratory system; e.g., the vagus nerve links the respiratory system to the nucleus ambiguous and solitary tract nuclei of the brainstem. |
T57 |
1145-1308 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It has been speculated that the cardiorespiratory center of the brain may be involved in the severe acute respiratory distress in some patients with COVID-19 [23]. |
T58 |
1309-1547 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The more common form of respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients is Type 1 (gas exchange dysfunction resulting in hypoxia and low levels of carbon dioxide), which is more likely to be associated with pneumonia than brain dysfunction [24]. |
T59 |
1548-1777 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Type 2 respiratory failure, which involves both hypoxia and high levels of carbon dioxide due to ventilatory failure would be more suggestive of neurological dysfunction, and this occurs less frequently in COVID-19 patients [25]. |