Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T251 |
0-65 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Clinical management of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients |
T252 |
66-324 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Symptoms frequently reported by COVID-19 patients, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and fatigue may be neurological, or they may actually be manifestations of hypoxia, respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, or drug reactions [84]. |
T253 |
325-505 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Such generalized symptoms occur with many types of infections, can be vague and diffuse, and may be difficult for the patient to associate specifically with the COVID-19 infection. |
T254 |
506-652 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, many neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are overlooked, particularly in a pandemic situation when healthcare resources are overwhelmed. |
T255 |
653-757 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For that reason, it is important to consider neurological assessments of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. |
T256 |
758-870 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Serum urea, creatinine, electrolyte, and blood gas tests may be helpful to indicate if there is CNS involvement. |
T257 |
871-1004 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The loss of smell and/or taste early in the course of the disease may be significant and point toward neurological involvement [117]. |
T258 |
1005-1265 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Alterations to the senses of taste and smell have been reported in early-stage COVID-19 cases without complications and suggest that the virus is moving toward the olfactory bulb of the brain, which would permit it to enter and possibly affect the brain [118]. |
T259 |
1266-1404 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, it must be noted that anosmia and ageusia can also be reported in the setting of non-COVID-19 upper respiratory tract infections. |
T260 |
1405-1541 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Treating neurological symptoms can be challenging as drugs that suppress the immune system may be contraindicated for COVID-19 patients. |
T261 |
1542-1629 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There is evidence that the use of corticosteroids may prolong viral shedding [119,120]. |
T262 |
1630-1952 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Symptoms for neurological problems may be addressed, with first-line strategies such as controlling body temperature, offering anticonvulsants, and treating hypoxia.21 Second-line treatments for neuroinflammation involve IV immunoglobulin or plasma exchange, but IV immunoglobulin may increase the risk of thromboembolism. |
T263 |
1953-2057 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, there is emerging concern of the possibility of microthrombosis in COVID-19 patients [121]. |
T264 |
2058-2224 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Third-line strategies for neuroinflammation in COVID patients may carry higher risks, and include such pharmacological agents as cyclophosphamide and rituximab [121]. |
T265 |
2225-2376 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Typically, COVID-19 patients present with respiratory symptoms before neurological ones, but atypical presentations, although rare, have been reported. |
T266 |
2377-2583 |
Sentence |
denotes |
When neurological symptoms are present in suspected COVID-19 patients, it may be important to test and, if necessary, treat them for COVID-19 first and then address the neurological disorder afterward [49]. |
T267 |
2584-2738 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although not yet fully characterized, neurological symptoms related to COVID-19 are thought to be possible following resolution of the COVID-19 infection. |
T268 |
2739-3007 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the hospital, distinct and separate areas for neurological emergencies versus COVID-related emergencies may be helpful in order to preclude that a patient with a neurological emergency but not COVID-19 does not come inadvertently in contact with a COVID-19 patient. |
T269 |
3008-3220 |
Sentence |
denotes |
When treating patients with neurological symptoms but no confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, physicians, and other clinicians should ask about fever, sore throat, exposure history in the past two weeks, and so on [49]. |
T270 |
3221-3318 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Testing is important, particularly if there is any reason to suspect possible COVID-19 infection. |
T271 |
3319-3496 |
Sentence |
denotes |
COVID-19 patients who have suffered neurological complications, including stroke, may require acute rehabilitation or, in some cases, long-term residential-skilled nursing care. |
T272 |
3497-3801 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Some patients who undergo prolonged hospitalization with extended periods prone in bed during mechanical ventilation may present following hospitalization with myopathy or neuropathy following acute respiratory distress syndrome, possibly necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. |
T273 |
3802-3926 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Other presentations may include reversible posterior encephalopathy or the sequela of severe stroke of a large blood vessel. |
T274 |
3927-4171 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Weakness acquired through prolonged stays in intensive care, critical-illness polymyopathy, or polyneuropathy can occur with acute respiratory distress syndrome and may require a multidisciplinary approach for rehabilitation and recovery [122]. |