| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T11 |
0-2 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1. |
| T12 |
3-15 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Introduction |
| T13 |
16-155 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has placed the world population under enormous stress. |
| T14 |
156-336 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Large geographical areas and the resident populations have been forced to undergo periods of lockdown to halt the spread of the virus and to limit the impact on healthcare systems. |
| T15 |
337-533 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In March 2020, the Italian Government imposed two months of emergency lockdown, with containment measures unheard of in the national territory, sometimes characterized by mandatory quarantine [1]. |
| T16 |
534-794 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These measures included the closing of businesses, schools and universities, and the banning of all recreational outdoor activities; the only exceptions were the provision of essential services for health and basic needs (i.e., food, municipal services, etc.). |
| T17 |
795-1151 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The lockdown radically altered the population’s lifestyle, and several containment measures lasted for weeks beyond the end of the full lockdown period: many people saw their work temporarily suspended, others were forced to work or study from home, and everybody was subjected to mobility restrictions and were obliged to cease any non-essential activity. |
| T18 |
1152-1323 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While these measures were essential to reducing outbreaks, they may have led to the adoption of unhealthy behaviours (e.g., more sedentary lifestyle, changes in diet) [2]. |
| T19 |
1324-1666 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Further, these strong limitations on personal freedom could have led to increased levels of psychological distress in the population [3] caused by the fear of getting sick, the fear of experiencing financial problems, the increased tension in households, as well as the isolation from elderly family members, who are at greater risk of death. |
| T20 |
1667-1900 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All these factors could have worsened the quality of sleep, defined as one’s satisfaction with the sleep experience, which integrates aspects of sleep initiation, sleep maintenance, sleep quantity, and refreshment upon awakening [4]. |
| T21 |
1901-2017 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Unsatisfactory sleep can lead to short and long-term harmful psychological and psychosocial effects on health [5,6]. |
| T22 |
2018-2198 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, this observational study aimed to investigate the quality of sleep in a convenience sample of Italians under lockdown during the first epidemic peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| T23 |
2199-2369 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We also investigated the associations between the quality of sleep and sociodemographic characteristics, changes in lifestyle, and the presence of psychological distress. |
