LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7601109 / 34910-40605 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T223 0-4 Sentence denotes 4.2.
T224 5-54 Sentence denotes Counteracting Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle
T225 55-278 Sentence denotes High production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle tissues has serious destructive effects, which alter the integrity of skeletal muscle resulting into fatigue, muscle wasting, and muscle weakness [90,101].
T226 279-607 Sentence denotes Sources of intramuscular ROS are numerous including mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., alteration of mitochondrial enzymes in the respiratory chain as well as enzymes responsible for β-oxidation), neutrophil infiltration, and the activity of cytokines and major muscle degrading molecules such as myostatin [21,36,38,101,102,118].
T227 608-826 Sentence denotes Oxidative and nitrosative damages in skeletal muscle tissues are mediated by the activity of numerous pro-oxidant enzymes that are associated with inflammatory processes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and iNOS [101].
T228 827-1122 Sentence denotes ROS triggers the activity of corrosive molecules such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), xanthine oxidase, and adenosine deaminase, which contribute to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation (e.g., increased MDA), and protein nitrotyrosylation as well as ATP catabolism in muscle tissues [101,102].
T229 1123-1259 Sentence denotes Royal jelly enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and suppressed lipid peroxidation in a d-galactose induced model of aging [95].
T230 1260-1475 Sentence denotes Two weeks of propolis treatment in rats undergoing hind limb unloading significantly reduced nuclear ROS levels and numbers of apoptotic endothelial cells in the soleus muscle to levels similar to normal rats [110].
T231 1476-1825 Sentence denotes Moreover, propolis significantly suppressed MDA activity in skeletal muscle and increased liver levels of SOD as well as gastrocnemius muscle levels of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in rats on eccentric exercise training (70% VO2max treadmill running exercise for 60 min) compared with rats receiving exercise alone or no treatment [109].
T232 1826-2116 Sentence denotes In addition, intraperitoneal pre-administration of CAPE (60 min before induction of ischemia reperfusion) significantly ameliorated the effects associated with high ROS levels, which accompany acute ischemia such as protein peroxidation and ATP catabolism in the gastrocnemius muscle [102].
T233 2117-2218 Sentence denotes Bee products probably reduced ROS production via regulation of the activity of mitochondrial enzymes.
T234 2219-2395 Sentence denotes Royal jelly increased the maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (β-HAD) in the soleus muscle of rats on endurance training [106].
T235 2396-2629 Sentence denotes Bee pollen restored mitochondrial complex-I, -II, -III, and -IV enzyme activity to normal, increased SOD and glutathione, and reduced MDA, NO, and total protein content in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats on exhaustive exercise [90].
T236 2630-2920 Sentence denotes It also increased the activity of CS and complex IV in malnourished old rats via a mechanism that involved activation of mTOR [36]. mTOR is a major signaling pathway that regulates various signaling cascades involved in metabolism and autophagy such nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2) [2].
T237 2921-3119 Sentence denotes Therefore, it is possible that the antioxidant activity demonstrated by bee products, particularly that expressed in the mitochondria, is associated with their metabolic and hypoglycemic activities.
T238 3120-3280 Sentence denotes For instance, 10-HDA increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice [112,119].
T239 3281-3441 Sentence denotes Similarly, aged mice treated with amino acids similar to those found in royal jelly demonstrated improved size of muscle fiber by increasing PGC-1α mRNA levels.
T240 3442-3668 Sentence denotes PGC-1α functions as a key regulator of sirtuin 1, which limits ROS production through stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS defense system, thus protecting metabolically active tissues against oxidative damage [120].
T241 3669-3951 Sentence denotes Mechanistically, when PGC-1α gets activated, it interacts with other bioactive molecules such as muscle-specific transcription factors to stimulate the expression of genes that induce mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in brown fat and fiber-type switching in skeletal muscle [121].
T242 3952-4237 Sentence denotes The antioxidant activity of royal jelly and CAPE might be related to their strong capacity to activate the master redox-active NRF2 signaling pathway [73,122], which stimulates the production of internal antioxidants such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which scavenge free radicals [123].
T243 4238-4343 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, NRF2 and HO-1 block ROS production indirectly via suppression of inflammatory reactions [122].
T244 4344-4536 Sentence denotes In this context, CAPE reduced degenerative myopathy in rats on eccentric exercise via a complex mechanism that involved inhibition of NF-κB and its downstream pro-oxidant COX-2 and iNOS [101].
T245 4537-4794 Sentence denotes Correspondingly, CAPE decreased markers of oxidative cellular damages (protein carbonyl, protein nitrosylation, xanthine oxidase, and adenosine deaminase) associated with ischemia reperfusion and eccentric exercise in the gastrocnemius muscle [101,102,103].
T246 4795-5000 Sentence denotes In this regard, CAPE operated via a mechanism that involved inhibition of neutrophil and leukocyte infiltration into the gastrocnemius muscle, which was associated with decreased levels of myeloperoxidase.
T247 5001-5172 Sentence denotes Myeloperoxidase contributes to excessive production of ROS and oxidative organ damage through a mechanism that embroils increased synthesis of hypochlorous acid [101,102].
T248 5173-5342 Sentence denotes Furthermore, CAPE accelerated purine salvage for ATP synthesis and inhibited ROS-induced lipid peroxidation via attenuation of the activity of adenosine deaminase [102].
T249 5343-5695 Sentence denotes In summary, the reported antioxidant effects of bee products were multifaceted involving increased production of antioxidant enzymes [90,95,109,110], and decreased ROS production [90,101,102,103,110] (secondary to reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration into skeletal muscle) [90,101,102,103], and restoration of mitochondrial activity [36,90,106].