Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T211 |
0-148 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Table 4 Overview of the pharmacological interventions under investigation targeting hypercoagulability and platelet activation in COVID-19 patients. |
T212 |
149-255 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pharmacological intervention Sample size and criteria Treatment protocol Key findings Conclusion Reference |
T213 |
256-349 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Heparin anticoagulant treatment in sepsis-induced coagulopathy • Retrospective cohort study |
T214 |
350-369 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• ≥ 18 years of age |
T215 |
370-397 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Severe COVID-19 infection |
T216 |
398-463 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Evaluation of 28-day mortality in heparin and non-heparin users |
T217 |
464-514 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• 48.5% comorbid hypertension and/or heart disease |
T218 |
515-532 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• N = 99 heparin |
T219 |
533-758 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• N = 350 no heparin • Unfractionated (10, 000–15, 000 U/day) or low molecular weight heparin (40–60 mg enoxaparin/day) for 7 days or longer • No difference in 28-day mortality endpoint between heparin and non-heparin users. |
T220 |
759-869 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Lower 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score of ≥4 in stratified analysis |
T221 |
870-1085 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Odd Ratio (OR) 0.372 (95% CI 0.154–0.901) • Heparin may be associated with a lower 28-day mortality rate only in patients with enhanced coagulopathy risk such as SIC score of 4 or greater (Tang, Bai, et al., 2020) |
T222 |
1086-1240 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Antiplatelet and anticoagulant combination therapy for hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and cardiac adverse events • Case control, proof-of-concept study |
T223 |
1241-1292 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Adult patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure |
T224 |
1293-1361 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• N = 5 ASA + clopidogrel + tirofiban + fondaparinux + standard care |
T225 |
1362-1422 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• N = 5 matched controls given low molecular weight heparin |
T226 |
1423-1493 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Secondary outcome included major and minor cardiac adverse events 1. |
T227 |
1494-1600 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Single dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 250 mg i.v. and single loading dose of oral clopidogrel 300 mg2. |
T228 |
1601-1660 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ASA and clopidogrel continued at 75 mg orally for 30 days3. |
T229 |
1661-1760 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tirofiban 25 μg/kg as bolus i.v. injection, then 0.15 μg/kg/min continuous i.v. infusion for 48 h4. |
T230 |
1761-1890 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fondaparinux 2.5 mg/day s.c. for the duration of the hospital stay • Significant improvement in alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient |
T231 |
1891-1944 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Significant improvement in CRP and lymphocyte count |
T232 |
1945-2078 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Patients in treatment group did not experience any cardiac adverse events • Small study and not a randomized controlled trial (RCT) |
T233 |
2079-2276 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Intensive antithrombotic therapy may be useful in patients with severe respiratory distress with prothrombotic state at risk for acute cardiac events (Viecca, Radovanovic, Forleo, & Santus, 2020) |