| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T827 |
0-223 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For evaluating the potential of vaccines and therapeutics against CoVs, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoVs, and the presently emerging SARS-CoV-2, suitable animal models that can mimic the clinical disease are needed (211, 212). |
| T828 |
224-432 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Various animal models were assessed for SARS- and MERS-CoVs, such as mice, guinea pigs, golden Syrian hamsters, ferrets, rabbits, nonhuman primates like rhesus macaques and marmosets, and cats (185, 213–218). |
| T829 |
433-560 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The specificity of the virus to hACE2 (receptor of SARS-CoV) was found to be a significant barrier in developing animal models. |
| T830 |
561-684 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Consequently, a SARS-CoV transgenic mouse model has been developed by inserting the hACE2 gene into the mouse genome (219). |
| T831 |
685-818 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The inability of MERS-CoV to replicate in the respiratory tracts of animals (mice, hamsters, and ferrets) is another limiting factor. |
| T832 |
819-1011 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, with genetic engineering, a 288-330+/+ MERS-CoV genetically modified mouse model was developed and now is in use for the assessment of novel drugs and vaccines against MERS-CoV (220). |
| T833 |
1012-1276 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the past, small animals (mice or hamsters) have been targeted for being closer to a humanized structure, such as mouse DPP4 altered with human DPP4 (hDPP4), hDPP4-transduced mice, and hDPP4-Tg mice (transgenic for expressing hDPP4) for MERS-CoV infection (221). |
| T834 |
1277-1420 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool has been used for inserting genomic alterations in mice, making them susceptible to MERS-CoV infection (222). |
| T835 |
1421-1797 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Efforts are under way to recognize suitable animal models for SARS-CoV2/COVID-19, identify the receptor affinity of this virus, study pathology in experimental animal models, and explore virus-specific immune responses and protection studies, which together would increase the pace of efforts being made for developing potent vaccines and drugs to counter this emerging virus. |
| T836 |
1798-2065 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cell lines, such as monkey epithelial cell lines (LLC-MK2 and Vero-B4), goat lung cells, alpaca kidney cells, dromedary umbilical cord cells, and advanced ex vivo three-dimensional tracheobronchial tissue, have been explored to study human CoVs (MERS-CoV) (223, 224). |
| T837 |
2066-2160 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Vero and Huh-7 cells (human liver cancer cells) have been used for isolating SARS-CoV-2 (194). |
