| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T312 |
0-125 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To interrogate the immune response patterns of COVID-19 hospitalized patients, we studied a cohort of ~125 COVID-19 patients. |
| T313 |
126-446 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We used high dimensional flow cytometry to perform deep immune profiling of individual B and T cell populations, with temporal analysis of immune changes during infection, and combined this profiling with extensive clinical data to understand the relationships between immune responses to SARS-CoV2 and disease severity. |
| T314 |
447-497 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using this approach, we made several key findings. |
| T315 |
498-610 |
Sentence |
denotes |
First, a defining feature of COVID-19 disease in hospitalized patients was heterogeneity of the immune response. |
| T316 |
611-830 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Many COVID-19 patients displayed robust CD8 T cell and/or CD4 T cell activation and proliferation and PB responses, though a considerable subgroup of patients (~20%) had minimal detectable response compared to controls. |
| T317 |
831-1005 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, even within those patients who mounted detectable B and T cell responses during COVID-19 disease, the immune characteristics of this response were heterogeneous. |
| T318 |
1006-1574 |
Sentence |
denotes |
By deep immune profiling, we identified three immunotypes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients including: (1) patients with robust activation and proliferation of CD4 T cells, relative lack of cTfh, together with modest activation of TEMRA-like as well as highly activated or exhausted CD8 T cells and a signature of T-bet+ PB; (2) Tbetbright effector-like CD8 T cell responses, less robust CD4 T cell responses, and Ki67+ PB and memory B cells; and (3) an immunotype largely lacking detectable lymphocyte response to infection, suggesting a failure of immune activation. |
| T319 |
1575-1733 |
Sentence |
denotes |
UMAP embedding further resolved the T cell activation immunotype, suggesting a link between CD4 T cell activation, Immunotype 1, and increased severity score. |
| T320 |
1734-1924 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although differences in age and race existed between the cohorts and could impact some immune variables, the major UMAP relationships were preserved even when correcting for these variables. |
| T321 |
1925-2037 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, these immunotypes may reflect fundamental differences in the ways patients respond to SARS-CoV2 infection. |
