| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T87 |
0-43 |
Sentence |
denotes |
How do endothelial cells facilitate repair? |
| T88 |
44-217 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Angiopoietin-1 tyrosine protein kinase receptor related Tie-2 signaling in endothelial cells plays a pivotal role in wound healing, vascular integrity and angiogenesis [25]. |
| T89 |
218-413 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Individually, angiopoietin (ANG)-1 is essential for blood vessel growth and maturation, and ANG-2 acts in combination with vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) to initiate angiogenesis. |
| T90 |
414-500 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In conditions like cancer, there is an upregulation and over-expression of ANG-2 [25]. |
| T91 |
501-606 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ANG-1 is chemotactic for endothelial cells, but neither ANG-1 nor ANG-2 exert proliferative effects [26]. |
| T92 |
607-645 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ANG-2 is a natural inhibitor of ANG-1. |
| T93 |
646-767 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Endothelial cells express ANG-2 mRNA and protein, supporting the potential for autocrine activation of angiopoietin/Tie2. |
| T94 |
768-846 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ANG-1 and Tie-2 are highly expressed in both arteries and veins [27] (Fig. 5). |
| T95 |
847-965 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fig. 5 Schematic representation of the Ang2 effect on the vascular bed in normal conditions, inflammation, and cancer. |
| T96 |
966-1076 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Under normal physiological conditions, Ang2 levels are low, but are upregulated during inflammation or cancer. |
| T97 |
1077-1355 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Ang2 acts on endothelial cells, increasing endothelial permeability and also on the pericytes, causing pericyte detachment from the basement membrane, further inducing vascular leakiness, immune or/and cancer cell trans-endothelial migration, and deterioration of the condition. |
| T98 |
1356-1418 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Ang2 has been proposed as a marker for inflammatory conditions |
| T99 |
1419-1434 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(From Akwii RG. |
| T100 |
1435-1453 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cells 2019; 8:471. |
| T101 |
1454-1470 |
Sentence |
denotes |
With permission) |
| T102 |
1471-1567 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The tyrosine kinase family of cell surface proteins plays an important role in vascular biology. |
| T103 |
1568-1778 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In response to a variety of conditions/environment-specific signals, tyrosine kinases engage in proliferation, migration, differentiation and morphologic organization that aligns with surroundings tissues [28]. |
| T104 |
1779-1965 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tyrosine kinases are commonly distinguished from one-another according to structural and sequence characteristics e.g. vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2 and VEGF-R3). |
| T105 |
1966-2034 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Each plays an essential role in maintaining vascular integrity [29]. |
| T106 |
2035-2259 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The Tie [tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains] receptor family represent a second sub-family of endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinases identified as Tie-1 and Tie-2 [30]. |
| T107 |
2260-2448 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tie-1 and Tie-2 are vital to maintain growth and integrity of the vasculature, including endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell communication in vascular morphogenesis (see discussion above). |
| T108 |
2449-2527 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Infectious diseases affecting the lungs cause varying degrees of inflammation. |
| T109 |
2528-2637 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Dysregulated inflammation is particularly deleterious and often associated with endothelial cell dysfunction. |
| T110 |
2638-2838 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Trent et al. [31] reported dysregulated pulmonary inflammation and Tie-2-related endothelial dysfunction contributing to lung damage and mortality in a murine model of Orienta Tsutsugamushi infection. |
| T111 |
2839-3089 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tissue findings included a high level of Ang-2 proteins in pulmonary endothelial cells, a progressive loss of endothelial cell quiescent and junction proteins, and a substantial decrease in Tie-2 receptor at the transcriptional and functional levels. |
| T112 |
3090-3174 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In-vitro infection of primary human endothelial cells demonstrated similar findings. |
| T113 |
3175-3299 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tie-1 is upregulated by oscillating shear stress and differentially expressed in a dynamic pattern with disturbed flow [32]. |
| T114 |
3300-3462 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tie-1 deletion in mice causes abnormal extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling characterized by increased glycosaminoglycan and decreased collagen content. |
| T115 |
3463-3578 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The findings suggest that abnormal blood flow is a stimulus for endothelial cell Tie1-mediated paracrine signaling. |