Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T599 |
0-121 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For glycan interaction, HCoV-NL63 and MHV utilize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as attachment enhancers [87,124]. |
T600 |
122-170 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Viruses recognize HSPGs as attachment molecules. |
T601 |
171-245 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the spike (S) protein-deficient virions, the M protein recognizes HSPG. |
T602 |
246-307 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The S proteins generally bind to the viral cellular receptor. |
T603 |
308-396 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the M protein also acts as a receptor in the early step of HCoV-NL63 infection. |
T604 |
397-473 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The M membrane protein of HCoV-NL63 recognizes the attachment site of HSPGs. |
T605 |
474-650 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HCoV-NL63 M protein binds to HSPG for the initial attachment of virus to host cells and thereafter, the M and S proteins cooperate for virus entrance into the host cells [125]. |
T606 |
651-759 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HSPGs are glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-carrying proteins frequently used as a secondary receptor for viral entry. |
T607 |
760-822 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HSPGs are composed of covalent-bonded HS chains as a GAG form. |
T608 |
823-926 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The HS GAG linkage structure of tetrasaccharide exhibits GluAβ1,3GlcNAcα1,4Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Xylβ-O-serine. |
T609 |
927-1113 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Glycosyltransferases involved in HS GAG synthesis include GlcAT-II (glucuronosyltransferase) and GlcNAcT-II (N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II) for heparan sulfate synthesis (Figure 9). |
T610 |
1114-1192 |
Sentence |
denotes |
GAG is used as docking sites for virus interaction with the host cell surface. |
T611 |
1193-1256 |
Sentence |
denotes |
GAGs contain negatively charged N- and O-sulfated sugars [126]. |
T612 |
1257-1448 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The biosynthetic pathway and biologic roles in early embryogenic morphogenesis and vulval morphogenesis of HS and chondroitin sulfate GAG have been elucidated in Caenorhabditis elegans [127]. |
T613 |
1449-1549 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The negative charges mediate the interaction of GAGs and their ligands through electrostatic forces. |
T614 |
1550-1624 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interaction of HSPG with ligands potentiates many virus infectious cycles. |
T615 |
1625-1897 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For examples, adeno-associated virus, human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1, human papilloma virus 16, herpes viruses, hepatitis B and C viruses, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, human papilloma viruses and Merkel cell polyoma virus recognize the HSPGs [128,129]. |
T616 |
1898-2005 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HSPGs increase virulence upon interaction with viral factors required for viral attachment and replication. |