Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T597 |
0-6 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6.3.6. |
T598 |
7-60 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Heparan Sulfate (HS) is the HCoV-NL63 Attachment Site |
T599 |
61-182 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For glycan interaction, HCoV-NL63 and MHV utilize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as attachment enhancers [87,124]. |
T600 |
183-231 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Viruses recognize HSPGs as attachment molecules. |
T601 |
232-306 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the spike (S) protein-deficient virions, the M protein recognizes HSPG. |
T602 |
307-368 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The S proteins generally bind to the viral cellular receptor. |
T603 |
369-457 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the M protein also acts as a receptor in the early step of HCoV-NL63 infection. |
T604 |
458-534 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The M membrane protein of HCoV-NL63 recognizes the attachment site of HSPGs. |
T605 |
535-711 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HCoV-NL63 M protein binds to HSPG for the initial attachment of virus to host cells and thereafter, the M and S proteins cooperate for virus entrance into the host cells [125]. |
T606 |
712-820 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HSPGs are glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-carrying proteins frequently used as a secondary receptor for viral entry. |
T607 |
821-883 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HSPGs are composed of covalent-bonded HS chains as a GAG form. |
T608 |
884-987 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The HS GAG linkage structure of tetrasaccharide exhibits GluAβ1,3GlcNAcα1,4Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Xylβ-O-serine. |
T609 |
988-1174 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Glycosyltransferases involved in HS GAG synthesis include GlcAT-II (glucuronosyltransferase) and GlcNAcT-II (N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II) for heparan sulfate synthesis (Figure 9). |
T610 |
1175-1253 |
Sentence |
denotes |
GAG is used as docking sites for virus interaction with the host cell surface. |
T611 |
1254-1317 |
Sentence |
denotes |
GAGs contain negatively charged N- and O-sulfated sugars [126]. |
T612 |
1318-1509 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The biosynthetic pathway and biologic roles in early embryogenic morphogenesis and vulval morphogenesis of HS and chondroitin sulfate GAG have been elucidated in Caenorhabditis elegans [127]. |
T613 |
1510-1610 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The negative charges mediate the interaction of GAGs and their ligands through electrostatic forces. |
T614 |
1611-1685 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interaction of HSPG with ligands potentiates many virus infectious cycles. |
T615 |
1686-1958 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For examples, adeno-associated virus, human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1, human papilloma virus 16, herpes viruses, hepatitis B and C viruses, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, human papilloma viruses and Merkel cell polyoma virus recognize the HSPGs [128,129]. |
T616 |
1959-2066 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HSPGs increase virulence upon interaction with viral factors required for viral attachment and replication. |