Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T574 |
0-96 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Metabolic disarray and inflammation are important factors in the pathogenesis of acute diseases. |
T575 |
97-405 |
Sentence |
denotes |
COVID-19, severe respiratory disease, is an adverse clinical outcome of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (Docea et al., 2020; Goumenou et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2020), and has recently been correlated to obesity-dependent inflammation (Petrakis et al., 2020). |
T576 |
406-612 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, in its most severe form, it entails a bilateral interstitial pneumonia requiring intensive care unit (ICU) ventilation support and has concomitant high mortality rate due to and multi-organ failure. |
T577 |
613-799 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Clinical reports have demonstrated that the most common comorbidities are CVD, hypertension and T2DM, age also being an important risk factor (Grasselli et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020). |
T578 |
800-976 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Lifestyle-associated factors, such as smoking, have also been associated with rapid disease progression (Farsalinos et al., 2020; Mesnage et al., 2020; Tsatsakis et al., 2020). |
T579 |
977-1086 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A recent US study indicates that obesity is an underappreciated risk factor for COVID-19 (Kass et al., 2020). |
T580 |
1087-1313 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The authors found, in a cohort of 265 hospitalized patients, that age and the body-mass index (BMI) were inversely correlated with risk, hence indicating that younger obese patients were more likely to be admitted to hospital. |
T581 |
1314-1482 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Kass et al. concluded that a higher prevalence of obesity in each population will result in a higher COVID-19 incidence in younger individuals than previously reported. |
T582 |
1483-1640 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition to a mechanical impediment of ventilation, obesity was correlated with lower immune response to viral infection (Honce and Schultz-Cherry, 2019). |
T583 |
1641-1782 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, besides obesity, metabolic disarray and inflammation were suggested to contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis (Petrakis et al., 2020). |
T584 |
1783-2095 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, specific fat-resident regulatory T cells (Treg) and enhancement of TH17 (T-cell sub-lineage)-biased immunity (Poutahidis et al., 2013; Winer et al., 2009) could be positively correlated to COVID-19 prevalence and increased mortality risk in obese individuals (Petrakis et al., 2020; Skalny et al., 2020). |
T585 |
2096-2316 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The “obese” pattern of immune cells subtypes was correlated to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-23/IL-17, TNF-α and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (Sumarac-Dumanovic et al., 2009). |
T586 |
2317-2483 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Importantly, these inflammatory mediators were proved to disrupted tight junctions of the respiratory epithelium, which facilitates pathogen entry (Wittekindt, 2017). |