Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T100 |
0-88 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Evasion of host immune responses is necessary for the successful propagation of a virus. |
T101 |
89-248 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mechanisms employed by CoVs to evade the immune response could provide insights into how the immune system, and NK cells in particular, responds to SARS-CoV-2. |
T102 |
249-426 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CoVs have been shown to target components of the innate IFN response, employing non-structural proteins (nsps), structural proteins, and accessory proteins to achieve this goal. |
T103 |
427-537 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Nsp16 methylates viral RNA therefore preventing recognition by MDA5 and dampening type I IFN production (116). |
T104 |
538-771 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Nsps also suppress type I IFN responses via the inhibition of the transcription factor STAT1 mRNA transcription (nsp1) and deubiquitination of transcription factors like Interferon Regulatory Transcription Factor (IRF)3 (nsp3) (116). |
T105 |
772-926 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, viral-encoded accessory proteins from SARS-CoV-1 open reading frame (ORF)3b and MERS-CoV ORF4a/4b also block IFN production and signaling (116). |
T106 |
927-1031 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, the MERS-CoV ORF6-encoded protein blocks p-STAT1 import, thus blocking IFN signaling (116). |
T107 |
1032-1319 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Finally, the structural M protein of MERS-CoV (27) physically sequesters kinase proteins RIG-I, TBK1, IKKe, and TRAF3 and the SARS-CoV-1 N protein inhibits Activator Protein (AP)-1 signaling, protein kinase R function, and NFκB activation, all of which act to impede IFN responses (117). |
T108 |
1320-1477 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In vivo murine studies report young mice rapidly clear SARS-CoV-1 infection, while old mice do not and that this discrepancy is due to a delay in type I IFN. |
T109 |
1478-1596 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, early administration of IFN-β induces a stronger immune response and reduces mortality in old mice (118). |
T110 |
1597-1775 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Since type I IFNs are critical for NK cell activation and effector functions, it is possible that NK cell-mediated clearance of SARS-CoV-2 is being subverted by these mechanisms. |
T111 |
1776-1932 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Further research into the role of NK cells in CoV clearance and potential immune evasion mechanisms are necessary to inform therapeutic development and use. |