LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7200337 / 46984-51143 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T255 0-14 Sentence denotes B Cell Memory:
T256 15-39 Sentence denotes Development and Lifespan
T257 40-182 Sentence denotes The B cell response to a virus serves not only to protect from the initial challenge, but also to offer extended immunity against reinfection.
T258 183-348 Sentence denotes Following resolution of an infection, plasma cells formed during the acute and convalescent phases continue to secrete antibodies, giving rise to serological memory.
T259 349-457 Sentence denotes Memory B cells that are also formed during the primary infection constitute the second arm of B cell memory.
T260 458-555 Sentence denotes Memory B cells can quickly respond to a reinfection by generating new high-affinity plasma cells.
T261 556-657 Sentence denotes Long-term protection is achieved through the induction of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells.
T262 658-753 Sentence denotes There is great interest in understanding the lifespan of B cell memory responses to SARS-CoV-2.
T263 754-907 Sentence denotes Protection from reinfection has direct medical and social consequences as the world works to develop vaccination strategies and resume normal activities.
T264 908-1149 Sentence denotes In COVID-19 patients, evidence of near-universal seroconversion and the lack of substantial descriptions of reinfection point to a robust antibody response, which, along with the T cell memory response, would offer protection to reinfection.
T265 1150-1508 Sentence denotes Indeed, a case study of a single patient described induction of CD38HiCD27Hi antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), concomitant with an increase in circulating follicular T helper cells (Tfh) cells (Thevarajan et al., 2020), and a scRNA-seq study of PBMCs from critically ill and recently recovered individuals revealed a plasma cell population (Guo et al., 2020).
T266 1509-1632 Sentence denotes In addition, IgG memory cells specific to the RBD have been identified in the blood of COVID-19 patients (Ju et al., 2020).
T267 1633-1889 Sentence denotes Consistent with the development of immunity after COVID-19 infection, a recent study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques found that two macaques that had resolved the primary infection were resistant to reinfection 28 days later (Bao et al., 2020b).
T268 1890-2065 Sentence denotes Due to the timing of this outbreak, it is not yet possible to know the nature and extent of long-term memory responses, but lessons may again be learned from other human CoVs.
T269 2066-2282 Sentence denotes In the case of the human CoV 229E, specific IgG and nAbs are rapidly induced but wane in some individuals around a year after infection, with some residual protection to reinfection (Callow et al., 1990, Reed, 1984).
T270 2283-2565 Sentence denotes The lifespan of the humoral response following SARS-CoV-1 infection is also relatively short, with the initial specific IgG and nAb response to SARS-CoV-1 diminishing 2–3 years after infection and nearly undetectable in up to 25% of individuals (Cao et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2006).
T271 2566-2822 Sentence denotes A long-term study following 34 SARS-CoV-1-infected healthcare workers over a 13-year period also found that virus-specific IgG declined after several years, but the authors observed detectable virus-specific IgG 12 years after infection (Guo et al., 2020).
T272 2823-2952 Sentence denotes In the case of MERS-CoV, antibodies were detected in six of seven volunteers tested 3 years after infection (Payne et al., 2016).
T273 2953-3145 Sentence denotes IgG specific to SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein was detectable in serum up to 60 days after symptom onset, but IgG titers began decreasing by 8 weeks post symptom onset (Adams et al., 2020).
T274 3146-3232 Sentence denotes Long-term protection from reinfection may also be mediated by reactive memory B cells.
T275 3233-3476 Sentence denotes A study that analyzed SARS-CoV-1 S protein-specific IgG memory cells at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months post infection found that S-specific IgG memory B cells decreased progressively about 90% from 2 to 8 months after infection (Traggiai et al., 2004).
T276 3477-3642 Sentence denotes A further retrospective study of 23 individuals found no evidence of circulating SARS-CoV-1-specific IgG+ memory B cells 6 years after infection (Tang et al., 2011).
T277 3643-3776 Sentence denotes This is in contrast to the memory T cell response, which was robustly detected based on induced IFN-γ production (Tang et al., 2011).
T278 3777-3971 Sentence denotes Studies of common CoVs SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV indicate that virus-specific antibody responses wane over time and, in the case of common CoVs, result in only partial protection from reinfection.
T279 3972-4159 Sentence denotes These data suggest that immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may diminish following a primary infection, and further studies will be required to determine the degree of long-term protection (Figure 4).