| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T21 |
0-38 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our responsibility is clear (Fig. 1 ). |
| T22 |
39-246 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the last months of the virus outbreak, China has reduced its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by about 25%, which means more than 200 million tons of carbon dioxide compared with emissions levels in 20191 . |
| T23 |
247-404 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Nitrogen dioxide and small-particle air pollution, ubiquitous in big Chinese cities in which vehicular traffic and industry are heavy, decreased about 40%2 . |
| T24 |
405-593 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A similar situation is in Pianura Padana, Italy, where satellite images of the most air-polluted European region show a drastic decrease of atmospheric contaminants in the last days3 , 4 . |
| T25 |
594-696 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Many airlines recently announced plans to cut flights by more than 30% globally for the next months5 . |
| T26 |
697-870 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Airplane traffic has significantly dropped worldwide and, because it accounts for about 3-5% of total GHG emissions, this change could have a major impact on the atmosphere. |
| T27 |
871-1080 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly, forecasts for oil demand in 2020 has been lowered by energy agencies6 because coronavirus forces people to stay at home, leave cars in the garage, reduce the shopping, and save energy and resources. |
| T28 |
1081-2227 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Figure 1 The impact of coronavirus outbreak on atmospheric pollution and resource/energy consumption: a) the decline of mean tropospheric NO2 (μmol/m2), a major air pollutant, in Eastern China from January to February 2020 (adapted from NASA2); b) the drop of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) over Italy, particularly in Pianura Padana, seen from the Sentinel-5P satellite between January and March 2020 (adapted from ESA3); c) the reduction of air-particle (PM10; μg/m3) over Lombardia and Milan (Italy) in just 10 days after the area shut down (adapted from ARPA Lombardia4); d) the variation in 7-days moving average of commercial flights from 2019 to 2020 detected by Flighradar245; e) the daily coal use by six main power companies before and after the Chinese New Year (dashed red line) has not recovered in 2020 after the holidays, when most business close down, as in the period 2014-2020 (adapted from CREA1); f) the global oil demand (historical; grey histograms) from 2011 to 2019 is expected in 2020-2025 to show a decreasing trend (dashed red line) due to 2020 negative consumption (in thousand barrels of oil per day, mb/d; adapted from IEA6) |
