Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T16 |
0-123 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Whether withdrawal of broadly immunosuppressive therapies may increase the risk of precipitating cytokine storm is unknown. |
T17 |
124-241 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, classic immunosuppressants may present the most concerning risk for those affected by COVID-19 (Table I ). |
T18 |
242-402 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Immunomodulators, such as biologics, that do not target vital domains within the viral immune response may dampen, but not significantly affect viral clearance. |
T19 |
403-511 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Table I Considerations for commonly used immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for dermatologic conditions |
T20 |
512-582 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Drug class Mechanism of action Drug name Risk Comments/considerations∗ |
T21 |
583-609 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Classic immunosuppressants |
T22 |
610-753 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Inhibits NF-κB Corticosteroids Likely concerning risk Consider stopping when viral symptoms present especially with known or potential exposure |
T23 |
754-786 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Calcineurin inhibitor Tacrolimus |
T24 |
787-799 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cyclosporine |
T25 |
800-863 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Antimetabolites Inhibits DNA replication Mycophenolate mofetil |
T26 |
864-876 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Azathioprine |
T27 |
877-889 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Methotrexate |
T28 |
890-906 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Immunomodulators |
T29 |
907-1081 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies TNF-α inhibition Infliximab Likely moderate risk Continue if viral symptoms are mild, consider stopping if viral symptoms worsen or high fever develops |
T30 |
1082-1117 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Receptor fusion protein Etanercept |
T31 |
1118-1153 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Certolizumab |
T32 |
1154-1187 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Adalimumab |
T33 |
1188-1241 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IL receptor modulators IL inhibition Anakinra (IL-1) |
T34 |
1242-1337 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Dupilumab (IL-4) Likely low risk Continue unless severe symptoms present |
T35 |
1338-1503 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Brodalumab (IL-17) Likely moderate risk Continue if viral symptoms are mild, consider stopping if viral symptoms worsen or high fever develops |
T36 |
1504-1547 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Secukinumab (IL-17a) |
T37 |
1548-1590 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Ixekizumab (IL-17a) |
T38 |
1591-1636 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Ustekinumab (IL-12/23) |
T39 |
1637-1678 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Guselkumab (IL-23) |
T40 |
1679-1844 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Monoclonal antibodies Anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab Likely concerning risk Consider stopping when viral symptoms present especially with known or potential exposure. |
T41 |
1845-1927 |
Sentence |
denotes |
PDE4 inhibition Apremilast Likely low risk Continue unless severe symptoms present |
T42 |
1928-1997 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IL, Interleukin; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4. |
T43 |
1998-2125 |
Sentence |
denotes |
∗ General considerations only, medication use should be considered based on each individual patient's risk and disease profile. |