Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T19 |
0-18 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Anesthesia Process |
T20 |
20-22 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1. |
T21 |
23-46 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Preparation of manpower |
T22 |
47-155 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Assign the most experienced anesthesia professionals to practitioners performing endotracheal intubations. |
T23 |
156-244 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Inexperienced trainees should not perform endotracheal intubation for training purposes. |
T24 |
245-376 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Assign experienced assistants who can perform techniques such as cricoid pressure when performing rapid sequence induction (RSI). |
T25 |
377-472 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Consider allowing anesthesia teams to be replaced at least every 2 hours, to prevent fatigue. |
T26 |
474-476 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2. |
T27 |
477-547 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Preparation before anesthesia and use of personal protective equipment |
T28 |
548-606 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Allow sufficient time for all staff involved to don PPE. |
T29 |
607-660 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It may take more than 5 minutes to properly wear PPE. |
T30 |
661-745 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Early planning and implementation of endotracheal intubation should be considered. |
T31 |
746-910 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the event of an unexpected emergency endotracheal intubation, PPE cannot be adequately donned; therefore, early implementation should be performed when possible. |
T32 |
911-1048 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Protective coverall/body suits, N95 masks, disposable goggles/face shields, disposable shoe covers, and disposable gloves must be worn. |
T33 |
1049-1112 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Use the double glove technique on both hands to reduce contact. |
T34 |
1113-1255 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• A powered air-purifying respirator should be worn by healthcare workers who are involved in endotracheal intubation or extubation processes. |
T35 |
1257-1259 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3. |
T36 |
1260-1293 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Selection of intubation technique |
T37 |
1294-1384 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Awake fiberoptic intubation should not be performed unless it is a necessary indication. |
T38 |
1385-1460 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Spraying local anesthetics can aerosolize the virus, and should be avoided. |
T39 |
1461-1563 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Consider using video laryngoscopes to increase the likelihood of successful endotracheal intubation. |
T40 |
1564-1615 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Consider using disposable devices for intubation. |
T41 |
1617-1619 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4. |
T42 |
1620-1643 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Endotracheal intubation |
T43 |
1644-1795 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• A high-efficiency hydrophobic filter must be applied between the face mask and the breathing circuit, or between the face mask and the reservoir bag. |
T44 |
1796-1864 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Preoxygenation for 5 minutes with 100% oxygen should be performed. |
T45 |
1865-1988 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• RSI should be performed to limit procedures such as manual ventilation, which can spread aerosolized virus into the room. |
T46 |
1989-2056 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• The method of RSI can be modified to suit the clinical situation. |
T47 |
2057-2244 |
Sentence |
denotes |
If manual ventilation is required, a small tidal volume may be considered, or a supraglottic airway may be inserted to provide ventilation instead of manual ventilation using a face mask. |
T48 |
2245-2351 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Do not use high-flow oxygen, such as high-flow nasal cannula devices, as these can aerosolize the virus. |
T49 |
2353-2355 |
Sentence |
denotes |
5. |
T50 |
2356-2406 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Equipment management after endotracheal intubation |
T51 |
2407-2527 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• All used airway equipment should be placed in double zip-locked plastic bags and removed for disposal or disinfection. |
T52 |
2528-2705 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Used laryngoscopes should be sealed in double zip-locked plastic bags as soon as the endotracheal intubation is complete, to prevent further contamination of the surroundings. |
T53 |
2706-2775 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• End-tidal carbon dioxide sample lines and traps should be replaced. |
T54 |
2776-2897 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Take care to avoid contaminating various instruments in the operating room, such as stethoscopes, pens, and telephones. |
T55 |
2899-2901 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6. |
T56 |
2902-2959 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Undressing and hand washing after endotracheal intubation |
T57 |
2960-3114 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Consider preparing additional isolation rooms as contaminated areas next to the operating room to remove and dispose of PPE in accordance with protocol. |
T58 |
3115-3277 |
Sentence |
denotes |
If it is difficult to obtain an additional isolation room, use the space inside or immediately outside the operating room to remove PPE according to the protocol. |
T59 |
3278-3315 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Wash your hands after removing PPE. |
T60 |
3316-3399 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Avoid body contact, including touching your hair or face, until hands are washed. |