Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T28 |
0-65 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Table 1 Cardiovascular complications in coronavirus disease 2019. |
T29 |
66-97 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Manifestation Incidence Remarks |
T30 |
98-296 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Acute cardiac injury∗ (most commonly defined as elevation of cardiac troponin I above 99th percentile upper reference limit) 8–12% on average [10] • Most commonly reported cardiovascular abnormality |
T31 |
297-372 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Can result from any of the following mechanisms-•Direct myocardial injury |
T32 |
373-395 |
Sentence |
denotes |
•Systemic inflammation |
T33 |
396-437 |
Sentence |
denotes |
•Myocardial oxygen demand supply mismatch |
T34 |
438-459 |
Sentence |
denotes |
•Acute coronary event |
T35 |
460-471 |
Sentence |
denotes |
•Iatrogenic |
T36 |
472-505 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Strong adverse prognostic value |
T37 |
506-643 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Acute coronary event Not reported, but appears to be low Potential mechanisms-• Plaque rupture due to inflammation/increased shear stress |
T38 |
644-697 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Aggravation of pre-existing coronary artery disease |
T39 |
698-864 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction Not reported Any of the causes of myocardial dysfunction mentioned above can lead to acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction |
T40 |
865-1069 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Heart failure Reported in one study- 52% in those who died, 12% in those who recovered and were discharged [5] • Any of the causes of myocardial dysfunction mentioned above can lead to acute heart failure |
T41 |
1070-1188 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Increased metabolic demand of a systemic disease can cause acute decompensation of pre-existing stable heart failure |
T42 |
1189-1343 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Arrhythmia 16.7% overall; 44.4 in severe illness, 8.9% in mild cases [8] Both tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia can occur but exact nature not described |
T43 |
1344-1449 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Potential long-term consequences Too early to assess Too early to ascertain for coronavirus disease 2019. |
T44 |
1450-1658 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, patients recovering from a similar earlier illness- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- continued to have long-term abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism and of cardiovascular homeostasis [12] |
T45 |
1659-1889 |
Sentence |
denotes |
∗ Acute cardiac injury is a non-specific term with significant overlap with other cardiovascular manifestations; however, it is listed here because of how reporting has been done in most of the studies on coronavirus disease 2019. |