LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7102560 / 1918-12903 JSONTXT 13 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T24 0-12 Sentence denotes Introduction
T25 13-115 Sentence denotes A novel human coronavirus which is a new strain of RNA viruses was recognized in Wuhan, China, in Dec.
T26 116-121 Sentence denotes 2019.
T27 122-286 Sentence denotes The novel coronavirus is now officially named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
T28 287-390 Sentence denotes The pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been recently identified as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019).
T29 391-770 Sentence denotes COVID-19 spread quickly across Hubei Province and other regions of China,1 , 2 also the global alert for COVID-19 has been issued by the World Health Organization (WHO).1 , 2 COVID-19 could induce symptoms including fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue and lymphopenia in patients, and might result in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and even death in severe cases.1, 2, 3
T30 771-1132 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the beta-coronavirus 2b lineage in the phylogenetic tree and shares ∼80% identity sequencing with the Bat SARS-like coronavirus and the original SARS epidemic virus.4 , 5 Currently, it remains to be determined the origins and possible intermediate animal vectors of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the mechanism that this virus spread among humans.
T31 1133-1391 Sentence denotes Despite many reports have characterized the clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and radiological features, as well as treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the information of the SARS-CoV-2 reactivation remains not reported.
T32 1392-1469 Sentence denotes The curative and eradicative therapy for COVID-19 is not currently available.
T33 1470-1657 Sentence denotes Urgent questions that need to be addressed promptly include whether patients with COVID-19 pneumonia will reactivate, and whether risk factors predict SARS-CoV-2 reactivation in patients.
T34 1658-1806 Sentence denotes To prevent and control COVID-19 reactivation, we retrospectively collected and analyzed detailed clinical data from SARS-CoV-2 reactivated patients.
T35 1807-1955 Sentence denotes In the study, we presented clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 reactivated patients and discussed the potential risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.
T36 1957-1977 Sentence denotes Material and methods
T37 1979-2004 Sentence denotes Study design and patients
T38 2005-2141 Sentence denotes We retrospectively recruited 55 patients who were diagnosed as COVID-19 pneumonia at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan.
T39 2142-2157 Sentence denotes 8, 2020 to Feb.
T40 2158-2167 Sentence denotes 10, 2020.
T41 2168-2259 Sentence denotes The patients comprised 19 males and 36 females with a median age of 37 (range 22–67 years).
T42 2260-2366 Sentence denotes Diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was based on the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Program.
T43 2367-2510 Sentence denotes All patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were tested positively for SARS-CoV-2 by use of quantitative RT-PCR on samples from the respiratory tract.
T44 2511-2614 Sentence denotes This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.
T45 2615-2709 Sentence denotes Written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Commission for emerging infectious diseases.
T46 2711-2726 Sentence denotes Data collection
T47 2727-2814 Sentence denotes We reviewed clinical records, laboratory findings, and chest CT scans for all patients.
T48 2815-2871 Sentence denotes Two study investigators independently reviewed the data.
T49 2872-2976 Sentence denotes Throat swab samples were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2, following WHO guidelines for qRT-PCR.6 , 7
T50 2978-2998 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis
T51 2999-3053 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was done with SPSS, version 22.0.
T52 3054-3110 Sentence denotes Continuous variables were directly expressed as a range.
T53 3111-3162 Sentence denotes Categorical variables were expressed as number (%).
T54 3164-3171 Sentence denotes Results
T55 3172-3343 Sentence denotes At presentation, all 55 patients had a history of epidemiological exposure to COVID-19, and 5 (9%) patients who discharged from hospital presented SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.
T56 3344-3413 Sentence denotes The age range of the SARS-CoV-2 reactivated patients was 27–42 years.
T57 3414-3537 Sentence denotes None of the reactivated patients had underlying diseases such as diabetes, chronic hypertension, or cardiovascular disease.
T58 3538-3626 Sentence denotes One patient, however, had history of tuberculosis in the mediastinal lymph node in 2009.
T59 3627-3761 Sentence denotes Additionally, all the reactivated patients excluded influenza virus and H7 avian influenza virus infection upon admission to hospital.
T60 3762-3855 Sentence denotes Four of the 5 patients presented with a fever without chills, one had a high fever (39.3 °C).
T61 3856-3931 Sentence denotes Patients’ body temperatures fluctuated within a range from 36.2 to 39.3 °C.
T62 3932-3975 Sentence denotes One patient showed normal body temperature.
T63 3976-4136 Sentence denotes Other symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection were also observed: one patient had cough, one had sore throat, all patients reported fatigue (Table 1 ).
T64 4137-4183 Sentence denotes Additionally, one patient showed constipation.
T65 4184-4319 Sentence denotes However, none of the 5 patients developed severe pneumonia, requiring mechanical ventilation, or died of COVID-19 pneumonia, as of Feb.
T66 4320-4329 Sentence denotes 24, 2020.
T67 4330-4378 Sentence denotes Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics.
T68 4379-4453 Sentence denotes Clinical characteristics Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4 Patient 5
T69 4454-4476 Sentence denotes Date of admission Jan.
T70 4477-4483 Sentence denotes 3 Jan.
T71 4484-4491 Sentence denotes 13 Jan.
T72 4492-4499 Sentence denotes 27 Jan.
T73 4500-4507 Sentence denotes 22 Jan.
T74 4508-4510 Sentence denotes 20
T75 4511-4545 Sentence denotes Sex Male Male Female Female Female
T76 4546-4572 Sentence denotes Age (years) 30 42 32 27 31
T77 4573-4616 Sentence denotes Epidemiological history Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T78 4617-4667 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 negative to positive (days) 4 8 17 15 9
T79 4668-4706 Sentence denotes Complications None None None None None
T80 4707-4725 Sentence denotes Signs and symptoms
T81 4726-4763 Sentence denotes Fever on admission Yes Yes Yes No Yes
T82 4764-4785 Sentence denotes Cough No Yes No No No
T83 4786-4809 Sentence denotes Dyspnoea No No No No No
T84 4810-4837 Sentence denotes Sore throat No No Yes No No
T85 4838-4865 Sentence denotes Fatigue Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T86 4866-4892 Sentence denotes Laboratory characteristics
T87 4893-4955 Sentence denotes White blood cell count (× 109 cells per L) 5.9 7.1 4.4 6.5 4.5
T88 4956-5012 Sentence denotes Neutrophil count (× 109 cells per L) 3.5 4.5 1.8 4.1 2.6
T89 5013-5069 Sentence denotes Lymphocyte count (× 109 cells per L) 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.4
T90 5070-5128 Sentence denotes Monocyte count (× 109 cells per L) 0.63 1.24 0.75 0.58 0.4
T91 5129-5187 Sentence denotes Eosinophil count (× 109 cells per L) 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.09 0
T92 5188-5248 Sentence denotes Basophile count (× 109 cells per L) 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02
T93 5249-5296 Sentence denotes C-reactive protein (mg/L) 18.7 23.7 NA <0.50 NA
T94 5297-5351 Sentence denotes Elevated ALT (>45 U/L) or AST (>35 U/L) No No No No No
T95 5352-5375 Sentence denotes ALT (U/L) 40 16 11 9 10
T96 5376-5399 Sentence denotes AST(U/L) 32 19 20 13 22
T97 5400-5454 Sentence denotes Confirmatory test (SARS-CoV-2 PCR) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T98 5455-5479 Sentence denotes CT evidence of pneumonia
T99 5480-5532 Sentence denotes Typical signs of viral infection Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T100 5533-5542 Sentence denotes Treatment
T101 5543-5580 Sentence denotes Antiviral therapy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T102 5581-5619 Sentence denotes Antibiotic therapy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T103 5620-5659 Sentence denotes Use of corticosteroid Yes Yes No No Yes
T104 5660-5678 Sentence denotes NA=not applicable.
T105 5679-5704 Sentence denotes ALT=alanine transaminase.
T106 5705-5732 Sentence denotes AST=aspartate transaminase.
T107 5733-5856 Sentence denotes All the 5 reactivated patients were given empirical antibiotic treatment and were administered antiviral therapy (Table 1).
T108 5857-6049 Sentence denotes Data from laboratory tests showed that one patient had progressive lymphopenia (from 1.3 to 0.56 × 109 cells per L) and progressive elevated neutrophilia (from 4.5 to 18.28 × 109 cells per L).
T109 6050-6125 Sentence denotes Two patients had elevated concentrations of C-reactive protein (> 18 mg/L).
T110 6126-6224 Sentence denotes All the 5 patients had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
T111 6225-6258 Sentence denotes All 5 patients had chest CT scan.
T112 6259-6371 Sentence denotes All patients showed typical findings of chest CT images-multiple patchy ground-glass shadows in lungs (Fig. 1 ).
T113 6372-6412 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 Chest CT scans of the 5 patients.
T114 6414-6424 Sentence denotes Discussion
T115 6425-6566 Sentence denotes We confirmed that in a significantly proportion of COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 reactivation developed after discharging from hospital (9%).
T116 6567-6638 Sentence denotes We reported clinical data from 5 patients with SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.
T117 6639-6789 Sentence denotes The clinical characteristics of these patients with SARS-CoV-2 reactivation were similar to those of non-reactivated patients with COVID-19 infection.
T118 6790-6859 Sentence denotes None of the 5 patients developed severe pneumonia or died, as of Feb.
T119 6860-6869 Sentence denotes 24, 2020.
T120 6870-7027 Sentence denotes Notably, based on our findings in these 5 patients, there is currently evidence to suggest that a proportion of recovered COVID-19 patients could reactivate.
T121 7028-7205 Sentence denotes The reactivated patients included 1 asymptomatic patient and 4 symptomatic patients, which suggests the reactivation potential of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients.
T122 7206-7403 Sentence denotes The time from SARS-CoV-2 negative to positive ranged from 4 to 17 days, suggesting that recovered patients still may be virus carriers and require additional round of viral detection and isolation.
T123 7404-7500 Sentence denotes We need better data to determine risk factors and mechanisms that cause SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.
T124 7501-7660 Sentence denotes The timing of onset of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation can be variable depending upon the host factors, underlying disease and the type of immunosuppressive therapies.
T125 7661-7747 Sentence denotes In our study, the recovered patients had positive RT-PCR test results 4–17 days later.
T126 7748-7898 Sentence denotes The key risk factors for reactivation would include 3 categories: (1) host status, (2) virologic factors and (3) type and degree of immunosuppression.
T127 7899-7982 Sentence denotes Host factors may include sex, older age, type of disease needing immunosuppression.
T128 7983-8129 Sentence denotes Although we could not identify risk factors for these host factors in the current study, the potential requires further large cohort confirmation.
T129 8130-8259 Sentence denotes The virologic factors associated with increased risk of reactivation include high baseline SARS-CoV-2 load and variable genotype.
T130 8260-8483 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 viral load would also linked to treatment response, disease severity and progression.8 The association of SARS-CoV-2 genotypes and viral load with SARS-CoV-2 reactivation will be an important question to address.
T131 8484-8567 Sentence denotes In our study, all the patients received antiviral therapy (Oseltamivir or Arbidol).
T132 8568-8663 Sentence denotes These cases suggest that SARS-CoV-2 reactivation may occur whatever the antiviral therapy used.
T133 8664-8794 Sentence denotes These host and virologic factors are important considerations that may further increase the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.
T134 8795-8969 Sentence denotes Therefore, the assessment of host as well as virologic risk factors should be important caveats to help decide whether to initiate prophylactic therapy and immunosuppression.
T135 8970-9037 Sentence denotes Immunosuppressive therapies are the commonly used causative agents.
T136 9038-9112 Sentence denotes These agents have a general mechanism that inhibits many immune functions.
T137 9113-9402 Sentence denotes For example, steroid inhibits cell-mediated immunity by suppressing interleukins production which is important for T and B cell proliferation.9 It is thus not surprising that these general immunosuppressive effects result in broad immune dysfunctions and potential SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.
T138 9403-9467 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 reactivation will be a vexing and persistent problem.
T139 9468-9645 Sentence denotes Considering numerous patients infected or previously exposed to the virus, such a problem poses a major public health burden in terms of global morbidity and possibly mortality.
T140 9646-9868 Sentence denotes Currently, we did not find reliable markers in predicting the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation, nor there are any validated tests to determine whether a particular drug or therapy is associated with SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.
T141 9869-9935 Sentence denotes The latter point was often determined by our empirical experience.
T142 9936-10145 Sentence denotes Although decades of the experiences helped us to identify important drugs and to manage these situations appropriately, we could not accurately evaluate the risk of the drugs prior to its clinical application.
T143 10146-10431 Sentence denotes Considering the significance of this ongoing global public health emergency, although our conclusions are limited by the small sample size, we believe that the findings are important to understand the clinical characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 reactivation potential in COVID-19 patients.
T144 10433-10448 Sentence denotes Funding/support
T145 10449-10587 Sentence denotes This study was supported in part by grants from Medical Science Advancement Program (Clinical Medicine) of Wuhan University (TFLC2018002).
T146 10589-10617 Sentence denotes Role of the funders/sponsors
T147 10618-10743 Sentence denotes The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
T148 10745-10773 Sentence denotes Statement of patient consent
T149 10774-10821 Sentence denotes All patients provided written informed consent.
T150 10822-10944 Sentence denotes All study procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Ethics Review Committee.
T151 10946-10979 Sentence denotes Declaration of Competing Interest
T152 10980-10985 Sentence denotes None.