Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T76 |
0-2 |
Sentence |
denotes |
5. |
T77 |
3-21 |
Sentence |
denotes |
SARS and Pregnancy |
T78 |
22-230 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although there were relatively few documented cases of SARS occurring during pregnancy, several case reports and small clinical studies have described the clinical effects in pregnant women and their infants. |
T79 |
231-420 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In reviewing these reports describing pregnant women with SARS in China it is possible, and perhaps even probable, that some of the same patients were included in more than one publication. |
T80 |
421-621 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, even if this is the case, there is no doubt that SARS coronavirus infection was found to be associated with severe maternal illness, maternal death, and spontaneous abortion [19,28,29,30,31]. |
T81 |
622-842 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Martha Anker, an expert in statistics formerly with the WHO and the University of Massachusetts, estimated that more than 100 cases of SARS-CoV infection occurred in pregnant women, which warrants closer inspection [27]. |
T82 |
843-986 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The clinical outcomes among pregnant women with SARS in Hong Kong were worse than those occurring in infected women who were not pregnant [32]. |
T83 |
987-1151 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Wong et al. [29] evaluated the obstetrical outcomes from a cohort of pregnant women who developed SARS in Hong Kong during the period of 1 February to 31 July 2003. |
T84 |
1152-1344 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Four of the 7 women (57%) that presented during the 1st trimester sustained spontaneous miscarriages, likely a result of the hypoxia that was caused by SARS-related acute respiratory distress. |
T85 |
1345-1434 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among the 5 women who presented after 24 weeks gestation, 4 had preterm deliveries (80%). |
T86 |
1435-1623 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A case-control study to determine the effects of SARS on pregnancy compared 10 pregnant and 40 non-pregnant women with the infection at the Princess Margaret Hospital in Hong Kong [27,33]. |
T87 |
1624-1782 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There were 3 deaths among the pregnant women with SARS (maternal mortality rate of 30%) and no deaths in the non-pregnant group of infected women (P = 0.006). |
T88 |
1783-1964 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Renal failure (P = 0.006) and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (P = 0.006) developed more frequently in pregnant SARS patients when compared with the non-pregnant SARS group. |
T89 |
1965-2215 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Six pregnant women with SARS required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (60%) and 4 required endotracheal intubation (40%), compared with a 12.5% intubation rate (P = 0.065) and 17.5% ICU admission rate (P = 0.012) in the non-pregnant group. |
T90 |
2216-2427 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Maxwell et al. [32] reported 7 pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV who were followed at a designated SARS unit—2 of the 7 died (CFR of 28%), and 4 (57%) required ICU hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. |
T91 |
2428-2605 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In contrast, the mortality rate was less than 10% and mechanical ventilation rate less than 20% among non-pregnant, age-matched counterparts who were not infected with SARS-CoV. |
T92 |
2606-2693 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Two women with SARS recovered and maintained their pregnancy but had infants with IUGR. |
T93 |
2694-2790 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among the live newborn infants, none had clinical or laboratory evidence for SARS-CoV infection. |
T94 |
2791-2916 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The new mothers who had developed SARS were advised not to breastfeed to prevent possible vertical transmission of the virus. |
T95 |
2917-3041 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Zhang et al. [34] described SARS-CoV infections in 5 primagravidas from Guangzhou, China at the height of the SARS epidemic. |
T96 |
3042-3146 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Two of the mothers became infected in the 2nd trimester, and 3 developed infection in the 3rd trimester. |
T97 |
3147-3252 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Two of the pregnant women had hospital-acquired SARS infections, and the other 3 were community-acquired. |
T98 |
3253-3494 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All 5 pregnant women had fever and abnormal chest radiographs; 4 had cough; 4 developed hypoalbuminemia; 3 had elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT), 3 had chills or rigor, 2 had decreased lymphocytes, and 2 had decreased platelets. |
T99 |
3495-3591 |
Sentence |
denotes |
One pregnant woman required intensive care, but all recovered and there were no maternal deaths. |
T100 |
3592-3663 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The 5 infants were clinically evaluated, and none had evidence of SARS. |
T101 |
3664-3730 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Two pregnant women with SARS were reported from the United States. |
T102 |
3731-3893 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In a detailed case report, Robertson et al. [35] described a 36-year-old pregnant woman with an intermittent cough of approximately 10 days duration and no fever. |
T103 |
3894-4039 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While travelling in Hong Kong during the 2003 epidemic, she was exposed at her hotel to a person subsequently known to be infected with SARS-CoV. |
T104 |
4040-4155 |
Sentence |
denotes |
At 19 weeks gestation she developed fever, anorexia, headache, increasing cough, weakness, and shortness of breath. |
T105 |
4156-4228 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Upon returning to the United States she was hospitalized with pneumonia. |
T106 |
4229-4327 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Obstetrical ultrasounds revealed a low-lying placenta (placenta previa) but were otherwise normal. |
T107 |
4328-4425 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following her discharge home and clinical recovery, she was found to have antibodies to SARS-CoV. |
T108 |
4426-4556 |
Sentence |
denotes |
She underwent cesarean section at 38 weeks gestation because of the placenta previa and a healthy baby girl was delivered [35,36]. |
T109 |
4557-4602 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The placenta was interpreted as being normal. |
T110 |
4603-4926 |
Sentence |
denotes |
At 130 days post-maternal illness, maternal serum and whole blood, swabs from maternal nasopharynx and rectum, post-delivery placenta, umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and breast milk were collected for analysis—no viral RNA was detected in specimens tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). |
T111 |
4927-5089 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Antibodies to SARS-CoV were detected from maternal serum, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay. |
T112 |
5090-5179 |
Sentence |
denotes |
No clinical specimens (except for cord blood) were available for testing from the infant. |
T113 |
5180-5385 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The second case in the USA occurred in a 38-year-old woman who had travelled to Hong Kong at 7 weeks gestation where she was exposed to SARS-CoV in the same hotel as the aforementioned American woman [37]. |
T114 |
5386-5619 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following her return to the United States, her husband developed the clinical onset of SARS, and 6 days later she became ill with fever, myalgia, chills, headache, coryza, and a productive cough with shortness of breath and wheezing. |
T115 |
5620-5826 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following her hospitalization for SARS she recovered, serum samples taken on days 28 and 64 post-onset of illness were positive for antibodies to SARS-CoV by enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescent assays. |
T116 |
5827-5918 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Her pregnancy continued and was unremarkable except for developing elevated glucose levels. |
T117 |
5919-6065 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A cesarean section that was performed at 36 weeks gestation due to preterm rupture of membranes and fetal distress resulted in a healthy baby boy. |
T118 |
6066-6229 |
Sentence |
denotes |
At the time of delivery, the mother’s serum samples were positive for antibodies to SARS-CoV, but samples taken of umbilical cord blood and placenta were negative. |
T119 |
6230-6323 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Breast milk sampled 12 and 30 days after delivery were also negative for SARS-CoV antibodies. |
T120 |
6324-6492 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Specimens evaluated from maternal blood, stool, and nasopharynx samples, as well as umbilical cord blood of the infant, were all negative for coronavirus RNA by RT-PCR. |
T121 |
6493-6584 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Neonatal stool samples obtained on days-of-life 12 and 30 were also negative for viral RNA. |
T122 |
6585-6797 |
Sentence |
denotes |
From Canada, Yudin et al. [38] reported a 33-year-old pregnant woman who was admitted to the hospital at 31 weeks gestation with a fever, dry cough, and abnormal chest radiograph demonstrating patchy infiltrates. |
T123 |
6798-6864 |
Sentence |
denotes |
She had acquired SARS from contact with an infected family member. |
T124 |
6865-7033 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following a 21-day stay in the hospital, during which she did not require ventilatory support, her convalescent antibody titers were positive for coronavirus infection. |
T125 |
7034-7120 |
Sentence |
denotes |
She had a normal labor and delivery and her newborn girl had no evidence of infection. |
T126 |
7121-7383 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In a study of 5 liveborn neonates who were delivered to women infected with SARS-CoV during the Hong Kong epidemic, results from multiple tests—including serial RT-PCR assays, viral culture, and paired neonatal serological titers—were negative for SARS-CoV [39]. |
T127 |
7384-7487 |
Sentence |
denotes |
None of the 5 neonates developed any clinical signs or symptoms of respiratory infection or compromise. |
T128 |
7488-7769 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fortunately, there were no cases of vertical transmission identified among pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV during the 2002–2003 Asian epidemic [27,30,31,39,40], and with the exception of a small cluster of cases that recurred in late 2003, no new cases of SARS have occurred. |