Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-120 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by COVID-19: anti-inflammatory strategies. |
T2 |
121-263 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) involves humans as well as animals and may cause serious damage to the respiratory tract including the lung. |
T3 |
264-408 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
This pathogenic virus has been identified in swabs performed on the throat and nose of patients who suffer from or are suspected of the disease. |
T4 |
409-617 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
When COVID-19 infect the upper and lower respiratory tract it can cause mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-6. |
T5 |
618-872 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
The binding of COVID-19 to the Toll Like Receptor (TLR) causes the release of pro-IL-1b which is cleaved by caspase-1, followed by inflammasome activation and production of active mature IL-1b which is a mediator of lung inflammation, fever and fibrosis. |
T6 |
873-1037 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Suppression of pro-inflammatory IL-1 family members and IL-6 have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in many inflammatory diseases, including viral infections. |
T7 |
1038-1197 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
Cytokine IL-37 has the ability to suppress innate and acquired immune response and also has the capacity to inhibit inflammation by acting on IL-18Ra receptor. |
T8 |
1198-1318 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
IL-37 performs its immunosuppressive activity by acting on mTOR and increasing the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) kinase. |
T9 |
1319-1500 |
DRI_Outcome |
denotes |
This cytokine inhibits class II histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and inflammation in inflammatory diseases by suppressing MyD88 and subsequently IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and CCL2. |
T10 |
1501-1630 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
The suppression of IL-1b by IL-37 in inflammatory state induced by COVID-19 can have a new therapeutic effect previously unknown. |
T11 |
1631-1784 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
Another inhibitory cytokine is IL-38, the newest cytokine of the IL-1 family members, produced by several immune cells including B cells and macrophages. |
T12 |
1785-1887 |
DRI_Background |
denotes |
IL-38 is also a suppressor cytokine which inhibits IL-1b and other pro-inflammatory IL-family members. |
T13 |
1888-2047 |
DRI_Challenge |
denotes |
IL-38 is a potential therapeutic cytokine which inhibits inflammation in viral infections including that caused by COVID-19, providing a new relevant strategy. |