PubAnnotation

Id	Subject	Object	Predicate	Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1	0-179	Sentence	denotes	The effect of chlortracycline treatment on enteric bacteria in pigs SoA1.3 Delsol AA a Analysis of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antimicrobial agents in Polish children SoA4.2
T71470	0-179	Sentence	denotes	The effect of chlortracycline treatment on enteric bacteria in pigs SoA1.3 Delsol AA a Analysis of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antimicrobial agents in Polish children SoA4.2
TextSentencer_T2	181-189	Sentence	denotes	Abstract
T25884	181-189	Sentence	denotes	Abstract
TextSentencer_T3	190-198	Sentence	denotes	Purpose:
T25927	190-198	Sentence	denotes	Purpose:
TextSentencer_T4	199-394	Sentence	denotes	There are concerns within the medical profession that antimicrobial agents used in livestock production contribute to the increased antibiotic resistance observed in zoonotic bacterial pathogens.
T37819	199-394	Sentence	denotes	There are concerns within the medical profession that antimicrobial agents used in livestock production contribute to the increased antibiotic resistance observed in zoonotic bacterial pathogens.
TextSentencer_T5	395-475	Sentence	denotes	To minimise this risk, evidence-based control strategies need to be implemented.
T54851	395-475	Sentence	denotes	To minimise this risk, evidence-based control strategies need to be implemented.
TextSentencer_T6	476-659	Sentence	denotes	We investigated the effect of chlortetracycline treatment on a tetracycline resistant population of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 and the commensal Escherichia coli population in pigs.
T73200	476-659	Sentence	denotes	We investigated the effect of chlortetracycline treatment on a tetracycline resistant population of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 and the commensal Escherichia coli population in pigs.
TextSentencer_T7	660-668	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T51474	660-668	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T8	669-848	Sentence	denotes	Our results show that pigs treated with chlortetracycline consistently shed higher numbers of resistant S . typhimurium DT104 than untreated pigs for up to 6 weeks post-treatment.
T59187	669-848	Sentence	denotes	Our results show that pigs treated with chlortetracycline consistently shed higher numbers of resistant S . typhimurium DT104 than untreated pigs for up to 6 weeks post-treatment.
TextSentencer_T9	849-984	Sentence	denotes	We also identified a 30% increase in E. coli with a chlortetracycline MIC!/ 16 mg/l and a 10% increase in E. coli with an MIC!/50 mg/l.
T74065	849-984	Sentence	denotes	We also identified a 30% increase in E. coli with a chlortetracycline MIC!/ 16 mg/l and a 10% increase in E. coli with an MIC!/50 mg/l.
TextSentencer_T10	985-1042	Sentence	denotes	These effects persisted for up to 2 weeks post-treatment.
T59170	985-1042	Sentence	denotes	These effects persisted for up to 2 weeks post-treatment.
TextSentencer_T11	1043-1118	Sentence	denotes	The tetracycline resistance gene was characterised by gene probing and PCR.
T87325	1043-1118	Sentence	denotes	The tetracycline resistance gene was characterised by gene probing and PCR.
TextSentencer_T12	1119-1244	Sentence	denotes	The level of chlortetracycline in the pig faeces, as measured by HPLC, fell below our detection limit 5 days after treatment.
T13357	1119-1244	Sentence	denotes	The level of chlortetracycline in the pig faeces, as measured by HPLC, fell below our detection limit 5 days after treatment.
TextSentencer_T13	1245-1256	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion:
T26163	1245-1256	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T14	1257-1504	Sentence	denotes	This study provides direct evidence that oral administration of chlortetracycline to pigs significantly increases the proportion of resistant enteric bacteria, and this shift in resistance outlasts any residual chlortetracycline in the pig faeces.
T88467	1257-1504	Sentence	denotes	This study provides direct evidence that oral administration of chlortetracycline to pigs significantly increases the proportion of resistant enteric bacteria, and this shift in resistance outlasts any residual chlortetracycline in the pig faeces.
TextSentencer_T15	1505-1516	Sentence	denotes	Background:
T56876	1505-1516	Sentence	denotes	Background:
TextSentencer_T16	1517-1632	Sentence	denotes	Helicobacter pylori resistance to antimicrobial agents is an important factor compromising the efficacy of therapy.
T87664	1517-1632	Sentence	denotes	Helicobacter pylori resistance to antimicrobial agents is an important factor compromising the efficacy of therapy.
TextSentencer_T17	1633-1772	Sentence	denotes	Since initial treatment for H. pylori infection is often empirical, therefore it is very important to monitor the local resistance pattern.
T81294	1633-1772	Sentence	denotes	Since initial treatment for H. pylori infection is often empirical, therefore it is very important to monitor the local resistance pattern.
TextSentencer_T18	1773-1784	Sentence	denotes	Objectives:
T74634	1773-1784	Sentence	denotes	Objectives:
TextSentencer_T19	1785-2022	Sentence	denotes	The aims of our study were: to determine the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole and amoxycillin in children prior to eradication therapy, and to detect mutations responsible for clarithromycin resistance.
T55039	1785-2022	Sentence	denotes	The aims of our study were: to determine the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole and amoxycillin in children prior to eradication therapy, and to detect mutations responsible for clarithromycin resistance.
TextSentencer_T20	2023-2044	Sentence	denotes	Material and methods:
T16485	2023-2044	Sentence	denotes	Material and methods:
TextSentencer_T21	2045-2123	Sentence	denotes	During 2000 Á/ 2001, 57 H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsies.
T5755	2045-2123	Sentence	denotes	During 2000 Á/ 2001, 57 H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsies.
TextSentencer_T22	2124-2187	Sentence	denotes	Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the E -test.
T37679	2124-2187	Sentence	denotes	Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the E -test.
TextSentencer_T23	2188-2309	Sentence	denotes	Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene associated with clarithromycin resistance were analysed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing.
T18704	2188-2309	Sentence	denotes	Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene associated with clarithromycin resistance were analysed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing.
TextSentencer_T24	2310-2318	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T53501	2310-2318	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T25	2319-2494	Sentence	denotes	Overall, 24 strains (42%) were resistant to metronidazole, 25 strains (44%) were resistant to clarithromycin, and 14 strains (25%) were simultaneously resistant to both drugs.
T51313	2319-2494	Sentence	denotes	Overall, 24 strains (42%) were resistant to metronidazole, 25 strains (44%) were resistant to clarithromycin, and 14 strains (25%) were simultaneously resistant to both drugs.
TextSentencer_T26	2495-2547	Sentence	denotes	All cultured isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin.
T97262	2495-2547	Sentence	denotes	All cultured isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin.
TextSentencer_T27	2548-2666	Sentence	denotes	Primary resistance to clarithromycin was mainly associated with an A2143G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori .
T1920	2548-2666	Sentence	denotes	Primary resistance to clarithromycin was mainly associated with an A2143G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori .
TextSentencer_T28	2667-2749	Sentence	denotes	However, isolates containing an A2142G mutation had higher MICs of clarithromycin.
T73038	2667-2749	Sentence	denotes	However, isolates containing an A2142G mutation had higher MICs of clarithromycin.
TextSentencer_T29	2750-2761	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion:
T6458	2750-2761	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T30	2762-2922	Sentence	denotes	Our results show the high prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in Polish children, which implies a need for pretreatment susceptibility testing.
T37242	2762-2922	Sentence	denotes	Our results show the high prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in Polish children, which implies a need for pretreatment susceptibility testing.
TextSentencer_T31	2923-3018	Sentence	denotes	23S rRNA genotype in Helicobacter pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin in children SoA4.3
T20067	2923-3018	Sentence	denotes	23S rRNA genotype in Helicobacter pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin in children SoA4.3
TextSentencer_T32	3019-3030	Sentence	denotes	Objectives:
T18311	3019-3030	Sentence	denotes	Objectives:
TextSentencer_T33	3031-3229	Sentence	denotes	To study the primary resistance to clarithromycin (CLA) in children, to analyse the point mutations associated with CLA resistance and to compare these data with the resistance obtained from adults.
T40710	3031-3229	Sentence	denotes	To study the primary resistance to clarithromycin (CLA) in children, to analyse the point mutations associated with CLA resistance and to compare these data with the resistance obtained from adults.
TextSentencer_T34	3230-3238	Sentence	denotes	Methods:
T74447	3230-3238	Sentence	denotes	Methods:
TextSentencer_T35	3239-3337	Sentence	denotes	Thirty-six resistant strains from children and 30 from adults were obtained from gastric biopsies.
T40044	3239-3337	Sentence	denotes	Thirty-six resistant strains from children and 30 from adults were obtained from gastric biopsies.
TextSentencer_T36	3338-3411	Sentence	denotes	In vitro susceptibility to CLA was determined by an agar dilution method.
T87954	3338-3411	Sentence	denotes	In vitro susceptibility to CLA was determined by an agar dilution method.
TextSentencer_T37	3412-3476	Sentence	denotes	DNA from the isolates was extracted by the Ge and Taylor method.
T72410	3412-3476	Sentence	denotes	DNA from the isolates was extracted by the Ge and Taylor method.
TextSentencer_T38	3477-3552	Sentence	denotes	A2142G and A2143G mutations were determined by PCR-RFLP (Versalovic, 1996).
T16806	3477-3552	Sentence	denotes	A2142G and A2143G mutations were determined by PCR-RFLP (Versalovic, 1996).
TextSentencer_T39	3553-3634	Sentence	denotes	A 1.4 kpb of the 23S rRNA gene was amplified and digested with Bsa I or Mbo II. :
T29872	3553-3634	Sentence	denotes	A 1.4 kpb of the 23S rRNA gene was amplified and digested with Bsa I or Mbo II. :
TextSentencer_T40	3635-3822	Sentence	denotes	S 0 9 2 4 -8 5 7 9 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 3 3 -X Contribution of rdxA and frxA mutations to metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori : an examination of multiple-isolate patient sets SoA4.4
T2053	3635-3822	Sentence	denotes	S 0 9 2 4 -8 5 7 9 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 3 3 -X Contribution of rdxA and frxA mutations to metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori : an examination of multiple-isolate patient sets SoA4.4
TextSentencer_T41	3823-3844	Sentence	denotes	Chisholm SA, Owen RJ.
T22473	3823-3844	Sentence	denotes	Chisholm SA, Owen RJ.
TextSentencer_T42	3845-3931	Sentence	denotes	Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Purpose:
T71448	3845-3931	Sentence	denotes	Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Purpose:
TextSentencer_T43	3932-4117	Sentence	denotes	Mutations in rdxA and frxA genes, encoding NADPH nitroreductase and NADPH flavin oxidoreductase, respectively, reportedly lead to metronidazole (Mtz) resistance in Helicobacter pylori .
T29311	3932-4117	Sentence	denotes	Mutations in rdxA and frxA genes, encoding NADPH nitroreductase and NADPH flavin oxidoreductase, respectively, reportedly lead to metronidazole (Mtz) resistance in Helicobacter pylori .
TextSentencer_T44	4118-4340	Sentence	denotes	As no single mutation type has been identified that directly correlates with resistance acquisition, we examined rdxA and frxA in paired Mtz sensitive (S) and resistant (R) isolates and in mixed Mtz-S/R strain populations.
T11787	4118-4340	Sentence	denotes	As no single mutation type has been identified that directly correlates with resistance acquisition, we examined rdxA and frxA in paired Mtz sensitive (S) and resistant (R) isolates and in mixed Mtz-S/R strain populations.
TextSentencer_T45	4341-4519	Sentence	denotes	Isolates from nine dyspeptic patients that had different Mtz susceptibilities (S and R) before and after therapy and mixed Mtz-S/R subpopulations that were separated were tested.
T63834	4341-4519	Sentence	denotes	Isolates from nine dyspeptic patients that had different Mtz susceptibilities (S and R) before and after therapy and mixed Mtz-S/R subpopulations that were separated were tested.
TextSentencer_T46	4520-4582	Sentence	denotes	Both rdxA and frxA from each isolate population was sequenced.
T32273	4520-4582	Sentence	denotes	Both rdxA and frxA from each isolate population was sequenced.
TextSentencer_T47	4583-4591	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T5470	4583-4591	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T48	4592-4759	Sentence	denotes	Several different mutations were identified in rdxA , but rarely in frxA , of Mtz-R strains (post-treatment) that were absent in matched Mtz-S strains (pre-treatment).
T67895	4592-4759	Sentence	denotes	Several different mutations were identified in rdxA , but rarely in frxA , of Mtz-R strains (post-treatment) that were absent in matched Mtz-S strains (pre-treatment).
TextSentencer_T49	4760-4905	Sentence	denotes	In contrast, sequences from pre-treatment Mtz-R sub-populations were identical to Mtz-S strains in 5/9 cases for rdxA and in 8/9 cases for frxA .
T19928	4760-4905	Sentence	denotes	In contrast, sequences from pre-treatment Mtz-R sub-populations were identical to Mtz-S strains in 5/9 cases for rdxA and in 8/9 cases for frxA .
TextSentencer_T50	4906-4918	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
T25632	4906-4918	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T51	4919-5010	Sentence	denotes	Data suggest mutations in rdxA were not always essential for acquisition of Mtz resistance.
T90387	4919-5010	Sentence	denotes	Data suggest mutations in rdxA were not always essential for acquisition of Mtz resistance.
TextSentencer_T52	5011-5141	Sentence	denotes	Observed mutations in the post-treatment Mtz-R isolates may therefore be coincidental and not contributing to the Mtz-R phenotype.
T50385	5011-5141	Sentence	denotes	Observed mutations in the post-treatment Mtz-R isolates may therefore be coincidental and not contributing to the Mtz-R phenotype.
TextSentencer_T53	5142-5229	Sentence	denotes	For most strains, frxA mutations were not a factor in Mtz resistance of these isolates.
T18406	5142-5229	Sentence	denotes	For most strains, frxA mutations were not a factor in Mtz resistance of these isolates.
TextSentencer_T54	5230-5304	Sentence	denotes	Other mechanisms therefore may contribute to Mtz resistance in H. pylori .
T74226	5230-5304	Sentence	denotes	Other mechanisms therefore may contribute to Mtz resistance in H. pylori .
TextSentencer_T55	5305-5461	Sentence	denotes	Accuracy of 23S ribosomal RNA gene mutation analysis for predicting high level clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori in the United Kingdom SoA4.5
T61205	5305-5461	Sentence	denotes	Accuracy of 23S ribosomal RNA gene mutation analysis for predicting high level clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori in the United Kingdom SoA4.5
TextSentencer_T56	5462-5481	Sentence	denotes	Elviss NC, Owen RJ.
T30764	5462-5481	Sentence	denotes	Elviss NC, Owen RJ.
TextSentencer_T57	5482-5702	Sentence	denotes	Central Public Health Labortory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Pre-treatment resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin (CLA) and metronidazole (MTZ) is a key factor in eradication therapy failure.
T92345	5482-5702	Sentence	denotes	Central Public Health Labortory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Pre-treatment resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin (CLA) and metronidazole (MTZ) is a key factor in eradication therapy failure.
TextSentencer_T58	5703-5846	Sentence	denotes	Adenine (A) to guanine (G) or A to cytosine (C) mutations at nucleotide 2142, or A to G at 2143 in the 23S rDNA confer in vitro CLA resistance.
T43429	5703-5846	Sentence	denotes	Adenine (A) to guanine (G) or A to cytosine (C) mutations at nucleotide 2142, or A to G at 2143 in the 23S rDNA confer in vitro CLA resistance.
TextSentencer_T59	5847-5998	Sentence	denotes	Our aims were to determine if mutation type and high level CLA resistance was linked and to test for cross-associations with high level MTZ resistance.
T82122	5847-5998	Sentence	denotes	Our aims were to determine if mutation type and high level CLA resistance was linked and to test for cross-associations with high level MTZ resistance.
TextSentencer_T60	5999-6135	Sentence	denotes	One thousand one hundred and fifty-one UK isolates from routine endoscopies were tested for susceptibility to CLA and MTZ using E -test.
T96892	5999-6135	Sentence	denotes	One thousand one hundred and fifty-one UK isolates from routine endoscopies were tested for susceptibility to CLA and MTZ using E -test.
TextSentencer_T61	6136-6319	Sentence	denotes	PCR-RFLP identified rDNA mutations in the 92 CLA resistant isolates using Mbo II and Bsa I, respectively for the A2142G and A2143G mutations, and by PCR assay for the A2142C mutation.
T66903	6136-6319	Sentence	denotes	PCR-RFLP identified rDNA mutations in the 92 CLA resistant isolates using Mbo II and Bsa I, respectively for the A2142G and A2143G mutations, and by PCR assay for the A2142C mutation.
TextSentencer_T62	6320-6391	Sentence	denotes	Mutation frequency was: A2142G, 22.8%; A2143G, 63.0%; and A2142C, 3.3%.
T28668	6320-6391	Sentence	denotes	Mutation frequency was: A2142G, 22.8%; A2143G, 63.0%; and A2142C, 3.3%.
TextSentencer_T63	6392-6450	Sentence	denotes	In addition, 3.3% were heterozygous for A2142G and A2143G.
T87895	6392-6450	Sentence	denotes	In addition, 3.3% were heterozygous for A2142G and A2143G.
TextSentencer_T64	6451-6531	Sentence	denotes	No mutation was detected in 7.6% of resistant strains (confirmed by sequencing).
T5305	6451-6531	Sentence	denotes	No mutation was detected in 7.6% of resistant strains (confirmed by sequencing).
TextSentencer_T65	6532-6639	Sentence	denotes	High level CLA resistance (MIC !/ 256 mg/ml) occurred in 43.3% strains representing 17/21 A2142G mutations.
T9551	6532-6639	Sentence	denotes	High level CLA resistance (MIC !/ 256 mg/ml) occurred in 43.3% strains representing 17/21 A2142G mutations.
TextSentencer_T66	6640-6775	Sentence	denotes	Fifty-six isolates were both CLA and MTZ resistant, of these 30 strains had high level CLA resistance and 27 high level MTZ resistance.
T21017	6640-6775	Sentence	denotes	Fifty-six isolates were both CLA and MTZ resistant, of these 30 strains had high level CLA resistance and 27 high level MTZ resistance.
TextSentencer_T67	6776-6834	Sentence	denotes	No single mutation predominated in dual resistant strains.
T49761	6776-6834	Sentence	denotes	No single mutation predominated in dual resistant strains.
TextSentencer_T68	6835-6938	Sentence	denotes	Our findings indicate that an A2142G mutation predicts a 81.4% likelihood of high level CLA resistance.
T7681	6835-6938	Sentence	denotes	Our findings indicate that an A2142G mutation predicts a 81.4% likelihood of high level CLA resistance.
TextSentencer_T69	6939-7045	Sentence	denotes	Our mutation assays provide a specific basis to obtain CLA resistance data for treatment and surveillance.
T67526	6939-7045	Sentence	denotes	Our mutation assays provide a specific basis to obtain CLA resistance data for treatment and surveillance.
TextSentencer_T70	7046-7187	Sentence	denotes	Real-time PCR detection of 23S rDNA mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori using the Roche Light-Cycler SoA4.6
T61075	7046-7187	Sentence	denotes	Real-time PCR detection of 23S rDNA mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori using the Roche Light-Cycler SoA4.6
TextSentencer_T71	7188-7218	Sentence	denotes	Lawson AJ, Elviss NC, Owen RJ.
T9266	7188-7218	Sentence	denotes	Lawson AJ, Elviss NC, Owen RJ.
TextSentencer_T72	7219-7386	Sentence	denotes	Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of Â/50% of the worlds human population.
T9885	7219-7386	Sentence	denotes	Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of Â/50% of the worlds human population.
TextSentencer_T73	7387-7553	Sentence	denotes	In a significant subgroup of infected hosts, H. pylori is associated with the aetiology of a number of gastric diseases, most notably gastric and duodenal ulceration.
T2182	7387-7553	Sentence	denotes	In a significant subgroup of infected hosts, H. pylori is associated with the aetiology of a number of gastric diseases, most notably gastric and duodenal ulceration.
TextSentencer_T74	7554-7681	Sentence	denotes	The macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin is a key component of many combination therapies used to eradicate H. pylori infection.
T73676	7554-7681	Sentence	denotes	The macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin is a key component of many combination therapies used to eradicate H. pylori infection.
TextSentencer_T75	7682-7763	Sentence	denotes	However, resistance to clarithromycin is an important cause of treatment failure.
T86638	7682-7763	Sentence	denotes	However, resistance to clarithromycin is an important cause of treatment failure.
TextSentencer_T76	7764-7910	Sentence	denotes	Clarithromycin resistance is associated with mutations in 23S rRNA nucleotides 2142 and 2143 that inhibit the binding of the drug to the ribosome.
T46841	7764-7910	Sentence	denotes	Clarithromycin resistance is associated with mutations in 23S rRNA nucleotides 2142 and 2143 that inhibit the binding of the drug to the ribosome.
TextSentencer_T77	7911-8059	Sentence	denotes	A rapid, real-time PCR assay for the detection of 23S rDNA mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance was developed using the Roche LightCycler.
T39181	7911-8059	Sentence	denotes	A rapid, real-time PCR assay for the detection of 23S rDNA mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance was developed using the Roche LightCycler.
TextSentencer_T78	8060-8257	Sentence	denotes	The assay utilized a pair of biprobes, one specific for the A2142G mutation and one for the wild type sequence (A2142C and A2143G mutations were detected by characteristic reduction in biprobe Tm).
T13332	8060-8257	Sentence	denotes	The assay utilized a pair of biprobes, one specific for the A2142G mutation and one for the wild type sequence (A2142C and A2143G mutations were detected by characteristic reduction in biprobe Tm).
TextSentencer_T79	8258-8461	Sentence	denotes	The PCR assay was applied to DNA extracted from 150 selected H. pylori isolates from UK patients and identified the 23S rDNA as wild type (45), A2142G (17), A2142C (3), A2143G (70) and heterozygous (15).
T75367	8258-8461	Sentence	denotes	The PCR assay was applied to DNA extracted from 150 selected H. pylori isolates from UK patients and identified the 23S rDNA as wild type (45), A2142G (17), A2142C (3), A2143G (70) and heterozygous (15).
TextSentencer_T80	8462-8584	Sentence	denotes	These results correlated (95%) with those obtained by disk diffusion sensitivity testing and PCR-RFLP based methodologies.
T77849	8462-8584	Sentence	denotes	These results correlated (95%) with those obtained by disk diffusion sensitivity testing and PCR-RFLP based methodologies.
TextSentencer_T81	8585-8771	Sentence	denotes	The LightCycler assay was successfully applied to DNA extracted from 20 gastric biopsy samples, thus offering the potential to inform patient management without the necessity of culture.
T47602	8585-8771	Sentence	denotes	The LightCycler assay was successfully applied to DNA extracted from 20 gastric biopsy samples, thus offering the potential to inform patient management without the necessity of culture.
TextSentencer_T82	8772-8901	Sentence	denotes	Efficacy and tolerability of different triple macrolide-containing anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment regimens in children SoA4.7
T69025	8772-8901	Sentence	denotes	Efficacy and tolerability of different triple macrolide-containing anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment regimens in children SoA4.7
TextSentencer_T83	8903-8924	Sentence	denotes	f Spain Introduction:
T86751	8903-8924	Sentence	denotes	f Spain Introduction:
TextSentencer_T84	8925-9092	Sentence	denotes	The prevalence of erythromycin resistance (ER-R) in group A streptococci (GAS) has increased in Spain since early 90s with current rates exceeding 40% in some regions.
T2033	8925-9092	Sentence	denotes	The prevalence of erythromycin resistance (ER-R) in group A streptococci (GAS) has increased in Spain since early 90s with current rates exceeding 40% in some regions.
TextSentencer_T85	9093-9177	Sentence	denotes	This study determined the emm -types associated to erythromycin resistance in Spain.
T2128	9093-9177	Sentence	denotes	This study determined the emm -types associated to erythromycin resistance in Spain.
TextSentencer_T86	9178-9199	Sentence	denotes	Material and methods:
T3852	9178-9199	Sentence	denotes	Material and methods:
TextSentencer_T87	9200-9256	Sentence	denotes	Isolates belonged to the SAUCE* surveillance collection.
T51971	9200-9256	Sentence	denotes	Isolates belonged to the SAUCE* surveillance collection.
TextSentencer_T88	9257-9395	Sentence	denotes	Rapid sequence analysis of specific PCR products was used to deduce emm -types corresponding to the majority of the known GAS M serotypes.
T67959	9257-9395	Sentence	denotes	Rapid sequence analysis of specific PCR products was used to deduce emm -types corresponding to the majority of the known GAS M serotypes.
TextSentencer_T89	9396-9490	Sentence	denotes	PCR primers used: GASM1 (5?-TATTGCGCT-TAGAAAATTAA-3?) and GASM2 (5?-GCAAGTTCTT-CAGCTTGTTT-3?).
T45317	9396-9490	Sentence	denotes	PCR primers used: GASM1 (5?-TATTGCGCT-TAGAAAATTAA-3?) and GASM2 (5?-GCAAGTTCTT-CAGCTTGTTT-3?).
TextSentencer_T90	9491-9583	Sentence	denotes	Sequencing was done with the Big Dye terminator mix and autosequenator (Applied Biosystems).
T55436	9491-9583	Sentence	denotes	Sequencing was done with the Big Dye terminator mix and autosequenator (Applied Biosystems).
TextSentencer_T91	9584-9669	Sentence	denotes	DNA sequences were subjected to homology searches against the bacterial DNA database.
T8071	9584-9669	Sentence	denotes	DNA sequences were subjected to homology searches against the bacterial DNA database.
TextSentencer_T92	9670-9678	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T16047	9670-9678	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T93	9679-9730	Sentence	denotes	Overall, 670 GAS isolates (345 ER-R) were analysed.
T48272	9679-9730	Sentence	denotes	Overall, 670 GAS isolates (345 ER-R) were analysed.
TextSentencer_T94	9731-9859	Sentence	denotes	Three M-types (M4, ST1812 and M12) accounted for 66.4% of the ER-R isolates, whereas they just represented a 16.7% of the Ery-S.
T5249	9731-9859	Sentence	denotes	Three M-types (M4, ST1812 and M12) accounted for 66.4% of the ER-R isolates, whereas they just represented a 16.7% of the Ery-S.
TextSentencer_T95	9860-10039	Sentence	denotes	For ER-R isolates the strongest association was seen with M4 (OR0/12; 95% CI 6.7 Á/22.1), and M75 was second after M4 only in the last temporal period of the study (1998 Á/1999) .
T16544	9860-10039	Sentence	denotes	For ER-R isolates the strongest association was seen with M4 (OR0/12; 95% CI 6.7 Á/22.1), and M75 was second after M4 only in the last temporal period of the study (1998 Á/1999) .
TextSentencer_T96	10040-10104	Sentence	denotes	No homogeneous distribution of ER-R M-types by centres was seen.
T42338	10040-10104	Sentence	denotes	No homogeneous distribution of ER-R M-types by centres was seen.
TextSentencer_T97	10105-10117	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
T26141	10105-10117	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T98	10118-10184	Sentence	denotes	Few M-types (leading by M4) are responsible for the ER-R in Spain.
T72752	10118-10184	Sentence	denotes	Few M-types (leading by M4) are responsible for the ER-R in Spain.
TextSentencer_T99	10185-10316	Sentence	denotes	But for M4, the remaining ER-R M types (ST1815, M12 and M75) did not show a temporally nor geographically homogeneous distribution.
T82227	10185-10316	Sentence	denotes	But for M4, the remaining ER-R M types (ST1815, M12 and M75) did not show a temporally nor geographically homogeneous distribution.
TextSentencer_T100	10317-10549	Sentence	denotes	*SAUCE is an acronym standing for 'Sensibilidad a los Antimicrobianos Utilizados en la Comunidad en Espana' (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Commonly Used in the Community in Spain ) and is the Spanish word for the willow tree.
T64628	10317-10549	Sentence	denotes	*SAUCE is an acronym standing for 'Sensibilidad a los Antimicrobianos Utilizados en la Comunidad en Espana' (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Commonly Used in the Community in Spain ) and is the Spanish word for the willow tree.
TextSentencer_T101	10550-10724	Sentence	denotes	Significant increase in the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin and miocamycin-susceptible (M-Phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain (1998 ( Á/2001 Purpose:
T17443	10550-10724	Sentence	denotes	Significant increase in the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin and miocamycin-susceptible (M-Phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain (1998 ( Á/2001 Purpose:
TextSentencer_T102	10725-10833	Sentence	denotes	A variety of methods is used for a molecular typing of Enterococcus spp. and related gram-positive bacteria.
T41824	10725-10833	Sentence	denotes	A variety of methods is used for a molecular typing of Enterococcus spp. and related gram-positive bacteria.
TextSentencer_T103	10834-11094	Sentence	denotes	These include DNA-based methods such as macrorestriction analysis using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and amplification-based methods such as rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).
T92991	10834-11094	Sentence	denotes	These include DNA-based methods such as macrorestriction analysis using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and amplification-based methods such as rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).
TextSentencer_T104	11095-11271	Sentence	denotes	We used a homogeneous strain collection of 24 transconjugants resulting from filter-matings with different antibiotic-resistant E. faecium and a recipient isolate from our lab.
T54180	11095-11271	Sentence	denotes	We used a homogeneous strain collection of 24 transconjugants resulting from filter-matings with different antibiotic-resistant E. faecium and a recipient isolate from our lab.
TextSentencer_T105	11272-11396	Sentence	denotes	The influence of transferred antibiotic-resistance determinants on the outcome of different typing methods was investigated.
T40244	11272-11396	Sentence	denotes	The influence of transferred antibiotic-resistance determinants on the outcome of different typing methods was investigated.
TextSentencer_T106	11397-11405	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T63162	11397-11405	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T107	11406-11518	Sentence	denotes	Fragment patterns resulting from PFGE indicated minor differences between the transconjugants and the recipient.
T18851	11406-11518	Sentence	denotes	Fragment patterns resulting from PFGE indicated minor differences between the transconjugants and the recipient.
TextSentencer_T108	11519-11651	Sentence	denotes	In respect to different primers used for RAPD, none or only a single fragment shift was detected in the resulting fragment patterns.
T7376	11519-11651	Sentence	denotes	In respect to different primers used for RAPD, none or only a single fragment shift was detected in the resulting fragment patterns.
TextSentencer_T109	11652-11812	Sentence	denotes	AFLP clusters all transconjugants into a group of major relatedness, but the result was strongly dependent on the mathematical method used for cluster analysis.
T36035	11652-11812	Sentence	denotes	AFLP clusters all transconjugants into a group of major relatedness, but the result was strongly dependent on the mathematical method used for cluster analysis.
TextSentencer_T110	11813-11942	Sentence	denotes	Fragment patterns of digested plasmids showed the possession of different or only widely related plasmids in the transconjugants.
T64139	11813-11942	Sentence	denotes	Fragment patterns of digested plasmids showed the possession of different or only widely related plasmids in the transconjugants.
TextSentencer_T111	11943-11955	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
T76054	11943-11955	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T112	11956-12126	Sentence	denotes	The results of this study clearly show that under certain situations typing methods commonly used for enterococci and related gram-positive bacteria come to their limits.
T69256	11956-12126	Sentence	denotes	The results of this study clearly show that under certain situations typing methods commonly used for enterococci and related gram-positive bacteria come to their limits.
TextSentencer_T113	12127-12288	Sentence	denotes	The SASSS network aims to set up a national surveillance study to obtain standardized information on antimicrobial susceptibility to various bacterial pathogens.
T80880	12127-12288	Sentence	denotes	The SASSS network aims to set up a national surveillance study to obtain standardized information on antimicrobial susceptibility to various bacterial pathogens.
TextSentencer_T114	12289-12398	Sentence	denotes	Currently, 25 hospitals are participating in the project from different geographical regions in Saudi Arabia.
T17927	12289-12398	Sentence	denotes	Currently, 25 hospitals are participating in the project from different geographical regions in Saudi Arabia.
TextSentencer_T115	12399-12472	Sentence	denotes	During the 1st year (2001), the SASSS focused on setting up this network.
T99290	12399-12472	Sentence	denotes	During the 1st year (2001), the SASSS focused on setting up this network.
TextSentencer_T116	12473-12587	Sentence	denotes	Overall, high frequencies of resistance to antibiotics to different bacterial pathogens in Saudi Arabia were seen.
T29472	12473-12587	Sentence	denotes	Overall, high frequencies of resistance to antibiotics to different bacterial pathogens in Saudi Arabia were seen.
TextSentencer_T117	12588-12698	Sentence	denotes	Geographical variations of resistance were noticed, which could be related to different prescribing practices.
T85572	12588-12698	Sentence	denotes	Geographical variations of resistance were noticed, which could be related to different prescribing practices.
TextSentencer_T118	12699-12831	Sentence	denotes	Approximately, 9 and 32% of Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae , respectively, were Extended Spectrum â-Lactamases (EBLs) producers.
T36385	12699-12831	Sentence	denotes	Approximately, 9 and 32% of Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae , respectively, were Extended Spectrum â-Lactamases (EBLs) producers.
TextSentencer_T119	12832-12918	Sentence	denotes	Resistance of Enterobacteriacae group to Carbapenem and Pipracillin/tazobactam is low.
T75567	12832-12918	Sentence	denotes	Resistance of Enterobacteriacae group to Carbapenem and Pipracillin/tazobactam is low.
TextSentencer_T120	12919-13038	Sentence	denotes	Resistance of Pseudomonas aeurginosa to various anti-Pseudomonal antibiotics including Carbapenem is high and alarming.
T18472	12919-13038	Sentence	denotes	Resistance of Pseudomonas aeurginosa to various anti-Pseudomonal antibiotics including Carbapenem is high and alarming.
TextSentencer_T121	13039-13126	Sentence	denotes	Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) comprised 36% of S. aureus isolates.
T94938	13039-13126	Sentence	denotes	Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) comprised 36% of S. aureus isolates.
TextSentencer_T122	13127-13184	Sentence	denotes	No Vancomycin Intermediate S. aureus (visa) was detected.
T49282	13127-13184	Sentence	denotes	No Vancomycin Intermediate S. aureus (visa) was detected.
TextSentencer_T123	13185-13334	Sentence	denotes	High level resistance to Gentamicin in Enterococcus were seen in 12% of the isolates and only 2% of Enterococcus facieum were glycopeptide resistant.
T79783	13185-13334	Sentence	denotes	High level resistance to Gentamicin in Enterococcus were seen in 12% of the isolates and only 2% of Enterococcus facieum were glycopeptide resistant.
TextSentencer_T124	13335-13420	Sentence	denotes	Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin ranged between 2% to almost 52%.
T61410	13335-13420	Sentence	denotes	Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin ranged between 2% to almost 52%.
TextSentencer_T125	13421-13562	Sentence	denotes	Surveillance of antibiotic resistance on a national level is necessarily to give guidance to practicing physicians on the best agents to use.
T43802	13421-13562	Sentence	denotes	Surveillance of antibiotic resistance on a national level is necessarily to give guidance to practicing physicians on the best agents to use.
TextSentencer_T126	13563-13756	Sentence	denotes	The world-wide problem of betalactam resistance (R) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) has been complicated by increasing R to macrolides and some older fluoroquinolones (FQ) (ciprofloxacin CIP).
T53635	13563-13756	Sentence	denotes	The world-wide problem of betalactam resistance (R) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) has been complicated by increasing R to macrolides and some older fluoroquinolones (FQ) (ciprofloxacin CIP).
TextSentencer_T127	13757-13960	Sentence	denotes	Aim of our study was to evaluate rate of acquisition of resistance to different FQ: CIP, sparfloxacin (SPX) and levofloxacin (LEV) of SP strains with different levels of susceptibility to penicillin (P).
T70302	13757-13960	Sentence	denotes	Aim of our study was to evaluate rate of acquisition of resistance to different FQ: CIP, sparfloxacin (SPX) and levofloxacin (LEV) of SP strains with different levels of susceptibility to penicillin (P).
TextSentencer_T128	13961-14127	Sentence	denotes	Fifteen strains were serially and daily passaged in subinhibitory concentrations of these four antibiotics by a gradient plate method until acquisition of resistance.
T96717	13961-14127	Sentence	denotes	Fifteen strains were serially and daily passaged in subinhibitory concentrations of these four antibiotics by a gradient plate method until acquisition of resistance.
TextSentencer_T129	14128-14198	Sentence	denotes	Clinical strains isolated from children in day-care centers were used.
T76736	14128-14198	Sentence	denotes	Clinical strains isolated from children in day-care centers were used.
TextSentencer_T130	14199-14297	Sentence	denotes	Five strains were susceptible (S) to penicillin (P) (one reference strain, four clinical isolates:
T41775	14199-14297	Sentence	denotes	Five strains were susceptible (S) to penicillin (P) (one reference strain, four clinical isolates:
TextSentencer_T131	14298-14373	Sentence	denotes	P MICsB/0.064 mg/l): five were intermediate (I) to P (one reference strain:
T80346	14298-14373	Sentence	denotes	P MICsB/0.064 mg/l): five were intermediate (I) to P (one reference strain:
TextSentencer_T132	14374-14420	Sentence	denotes	P MIC 0.19 mg/l, four clinical strains P MICs:
T30486	14374-14420	Sentence	denotes	P MIC 0.19 mg/l, four clinical strains P MICs:
TextSentencer_T133	14421-14483	Sentence	denotes	0.5 Á/1 mg/l), five were resistant (R) to P (P MICs 1.5 mg/l).
T39805	14421-14483	Sentence	denotes	0.5 Á/1 mg/l), five were resistant (R) to P (P MICs 1.5 mg/l).
TextSentencer_T134	14484-14664	Sentence	denotes	Mean of number of passages (n ) necessary to reach I or R level with each FQ as selecting agent are in the following table: SPX and LEV induced resistance but more slowly than CIP.
T41063	14484-14664	Sentence	denotes	Mean of number of passages (n ) necessary to reach I or R level with each FQ as selecting agent are in the following table: SPX and LEV induced resistance but more slowly than CIP.
TextSentencer_T135	14665-14823	Sentence	denotes	Our results show that rate of acquisition of resistance to FQ is strongly related to alteration of susceptibility to P, probably by modification of cell wall.
T1000	14665-14823	Sentence	denotes	Our results show that rate of acquisition of resistance to FQ is strongly related to alteration of susceptibility to P, probably by modification of cell wall.
TextSentencer_T136	14824-14875	Sentence	denotes	These results are concordant with clinical results.
T1221	14824-14875	Sentence	denotes	These results are concordant with clinical results.
TextSentencer_T137	14876-15019	Sentence	denotes	Clinical relevance of phase variation in pneumococcal opacity: nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization in children from day care centers (DCC) SoA8.11
T29681	14876-15019	Sentence	denotes	Clinical relevance of phase variation in pneumococcal opacity: nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization in children from day care centers (DCC) SoA8.11
TextSentencer_T138	15020-15093	Sentence	denotes	Carsenti H, Mancini G, Bensoussan M, Dunais B, Pradier CH, Dellamonica P.
T58472	15020-15093	Sentence	denotes	Carsenti H, Mancini G, Bensoussan M, Dunais B, Pradier CH, Dellamonica P.
TextSentencer_T139	15094-15355	Sentence	denotes	Archet Hospital, Infectious Disease, Nice, France Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) adherence to nasopharyngeal (NP) epithelium is a prerequisite for induction of otitis Transparent SP (T) have been shown to colonize the NP of infant rats better than opaque (O) SP.
T30639	15094-15355	Sentence	denotes	Archet Hospital, Infectious Disease, Nice, France Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) adherence to nasopharyngeal (NP) epithelium is a prerequisite for induction of otitis Transparent SP (T) have been shown to colonize the NP of infant rats better than opaque (O) SP.
TextSentencer_T140	15356-15450	Sentence	denotes	Opaque SP has proven more virulent than the T form during systemic infection in a mouse model.
T21023	15356-15450	Sentence	denotes	Opaque SP has proven more virulent than the T form during systemic infection in a mouse model.
TextSentencer_T141	15451-15532	Sentence	denotes	Aim of this study was to evaluate phase variation in the nasopharynx of children.
T55719	15451-15532	Sentence	denotes	Aim of this study was to evaluate phase variation in the nasopharynx of children.
TextSentencer_T142	15533-15635	Sentence	denotes	SP strains were isolated during a winter epidemiology study of NP samples in children from family DCC.
T2969	15533-15635	Sentence	denotes	SP strains were isolated during a winter epidemiology study of NP samples in children from family DCC.
TextSentencer_T143	15636-15743	Sentence	denotes	MICs determinations were performed by E -test for penicillin (P), amoxicilline (AMX) and ceftriaxone (CRO).
T52640	15636-15743	Sentence	denotes	MICs determinations were performed by E -test for penicillin (P), amoxicilline (AMX) and ceftriaxone (CRO).
TextSentencer_T144	15744-15797	Sentence	denotes	Serotypes were performed using the Quellung reaction.
T16227	15744-15797	Sentence	denotes	Serotypes were performed using the Quellung reaction.
TextSentencer_T145	15798-15963	Sentence	denotes	Upon oil immersion microscopic examination short chains of six to eight cocci were noted as 0, '/, '/'/, '/'/'/ for absence, 1, 2, !/3 chains by field, respectively.
T31744	15798-15963	Sentence	denotes	Upon oil immersion microscopic examination short chains of six to eight cocci were noted as 0, '/, '/'/, '/'/'/ for absence, 1, 2, !/3 chains by field, respectively.
TextSentencer_T146	15964-16178	Sentence	denotes	Phase variation was detected on catalase Trypticase Soja plates, AMX and CRO MICs and bactericidal activity was determined for 10 pairs of O and T variants with different serotypes and susceptibility to penicillin.
T23471	15964-16178	Sentence	denotes	Phase variation was detected on catalase Trypticase Soja plates, AMX and CRO MICs and bactericidal activity was determined for 10 pairs of O and T variants with different serotypes and susceptibility to penicillin.
TextSentencer_T147	16179-16235	Sentence	denotes	Seventy strains of SP were screened for phase variation.
T67798	16179-16235	Sentence	denotes	Seventy strains of SP were screened for phase variation.
TextSentencer_T148	16236-16368	Sentence	denotes	Nine out of 42 with chain length 0, '/ had O variants while 23 out of 28 strains with chain length '/'/ or '/'/'/ showed O variants.
T49195	16236-16368	Sentence	denotes	Nine out of 42 with chain length 0, '/ had O variants while 23 out of 28 strains with chain length '/'/ or '/'/'/ showed O variants.
TextSentencer_T149	16369-16438	Sentence	denotes	Proportion of O variants was predominant when chain length increased.
T250	16369-16438	Sentence	denotes	Proportion of O variants was predominant when chain length increased.
TextSentencer_T150	16439-16466	Sentence	denotes	Serotype 23F was prevalent.
T89664	16439-16466	Sentence	denotes	Serotype 23F was prevalent.
TextSentencer_T151	16467-16546	Sentence	denotes	Bactericidal activity of O variants showed a four-to eightfold increase of MBC.
T30598	16467-16546	Sentence	denotes	Bactericidal activity of O variants showed a four-to eightfold increase of MBC.
TextSentencer_T152	16547-16637	Sentence	denotes	O variants may be present in NP of children while T are predominant form for colonization.
T9672	16547-16637	Sentence	denotes	O variants may be present in NP of children while T are predominant form for colonization.
TextSentencer_T153	16638-16745	Sentence	denotes	These virulent variants with lower level of autolysis showed less susceptibility to killing by antibiotics.
T63917	16638-16745	Sentence	denotes	These virulent variants with lower level of autolysis showed less susceptibility to killing by antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T154	16746-16828	Sentence	denotes	They may persist in NP and explain the absence of eradication by active molecules.
T78166	16746-16828	Sentence	denotes	They may persist in NP and explain the absence of eradication by active molecules.
TextSentencer_T155	16829-16995	Sentence	denotes	Antimicrobial resistance among clinical strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) in Russia SoA8.12
T38979	16829-16995	Sentence	denotes	Antimicrobial resistance among clinical strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) in Russia SoA8.12
TextSentencer_T156	16996-17213	Sentence	denotes	Kozlov RS a , Bogdanovitch TM a , Sivaya OV a , Agapova ED b , Ahmetova LI b , Furletova b , Gudkova LV b , Gugutsidge b , Ilyina VN b , Marusina b , Multich IG b , Ortenberg EA b , Schetinin EV b , Shturmina Purpose:
T25982	16996-17213	Sentence	denotes	Kozlov RS a , Bogdanovitch TM a , Sivaya OV a , Agapova ED b , Ahmetova LI b , Furletova b , Gudkova LV b , Gugutsidge b , Ilyina VN b , Marusina b , Multich IG b , Ortenberg EA b , Schetinin EV b , Shturmina Purpose:
TextSentencer_T157	17214-17313	Sentence	denotes	To determine the antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci causing CARTI in different Russian cities.
T69047	17214-17313	Sentence	denotes	To determine the antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci causing CARTI in different Russian cities.
TextSentencer_T158	17314-17322	Sentence	denotes	Methods:
T85485	17314-17322	Sentence	denotes	Methods:
TextSentencer_T159	17323-17411	Sentence	denotes	A total of 142 non-duplicate strains isolated in 14 Russian cities in 2001 were studied.
T49388	17323-17411	Sentence	denotes	A total of 142 non-duplicate strains isolated in 14 Russian cities in 2001 were studied.
TextSentencer_T160	17412-17698	Sentence	denotes	Antimicrobials tested included penicillin (PEN), amoxicillin (AMO), erythromycin (ERY), azithromycin (AZI), clarithromycin (CLA), midecamycin (MID), spiramycin (SPI), clindamycin (CLI), levofloxacin (LEV), vancomycin (VAN), rifampicin (RIF), tetracycline (TET) and co-trimoxazole (SXT).
T59826	17412-17698	Sentence	denotes	Antimicrobials tested included penicillin (PEN), amoxicillin (AMO), erythromycin (ERY), azithromycin (AZI), clarithromycin (CLA), midecamycin (MID), spiramycin (SPI), clindamycin (CLI), levofloxacin (LEV), vancomycin (VAN), rifampicin (RIF), tetracycline (TET) and co-trimoxazole (SXT).
TextSentencer_T161	17699-17890	Sentence	denotes	Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution with interpretation of the results according to NCCLS guidelines (2001) A map of bacterial resistance in a Hungarian region SoA8.16
T5757	17699-17890	Sentence	denotes	Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution with interpretation of the results according to NCCLS guidelines (2001) A map of bacterial resistance in a Hungarian region SoA8.16
TextSentencer_T162	17891-18214	Sentence	denotes	Farkas A a , Juhasz A b , Orosi P a , Miszti C c , Balogh M d . a Kenezy Teaching Hospital, Hygienie, Debrecen, Hungary , b Kenezy Teaching Hospital, Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary , c University of Debrecen, Microbiology Lab, Debrecen, Hungary , d Regional Hospital Berettyóújfalu, Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary Background:
T89227	17891-18214	Sentence	denotes	Farkas A a , Juhasz A b , Orosi P a , Miszti C c , Balogh M d . a Kenezy Teaching Hospital, Hygienie, Debrecen, Hungary , b Kenezy Teaching Hospital, Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary , c University of Debrecen, Microbiology Lab, Debrecen, Hungary , d Regional Hospital Berettyóújfalu, Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary Background:
TextSentencer_T163	18215-18347	Sentence	denotes	Regional trends of microbiological resistance pattern constitute basic data and qualifying criteria for effective infection control.
T79676	18215-18347	Sentence	denotes	Regional trends of microbiological resistance pattern constitute basic data and qualifying criteria for effective infection control.
TextSentencer_T164	18348-18356	Sentence	denotes	Purpose:
T42410	18348-18356	Sentence	denotes	Purpose:
TextSentencer_T165	18357-18478	Sentence	denotes	The aim of our study was to establish an internationally compatible regional database in a Hungarian county Hajdú -Bihar.
T42842	18357-18478	Sentence	denotes	The aim of our study was to establish an internationally compatible regional database in a Hungarian county Hajdú -Bihar.
TextSentencer_T166	18479-18487	Sentence	denotes	Methods:
T127	18479-18487	Sentence	denotes	Methods:
TextSentencer_T167	18488-18597	Sentence	denotes	Our model is the National Nosocomial Infections Society publications' format from the U.S. published in 2001.
T29082	18488-18597	Sentence	denotes	Our model is the National Nosocomial Infections Society publications' format from the U.S. published in 2001.
TextSentencer_T168	18598-18690	Sentence	denotes	It contains data regarding various ICU types, ambulatory patients and hospitalised patients.
T49785	18598-18690	Sentence	denotes	It contains data regarding various ICU types, ambulatory patients and hospitalised patients.
TextSentencer_T169	18691-18792	Sentence	denotes	The same format is used for antibiotic utilisation data and device related infections' rates as well.
T32044	18691-18792	Sentence	denotes	The same format is used for antibiotic utilisation data and device related infections' rates as well.
TextSentencer_T170	18793-18896	Sentence	denotes	We collected cleaned data of years 2000 Á/2001 from all the microbiological laboratories of our county.
T26181	18793-18896	Sentence	denotes	We collected cleaned data of years 2000 Á/2001 from all the microbiological laboratories of our county.
TextSentencer_T171	18897-18905	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T33846	18897-18905	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T172	18906-18955	Sentence	denotes	Ciprofloxacin P E. coli 6.8 4.5 9.6 75 Á/above 90
T1810	18906-18955	Sentence	denotes	Ciprofloxacin P E. coli 6.8 4.5 9.6 75 Á/above 90
TextSentencer_T173	18956-19204	Sentence	denotes	Susceptibilities not significantly different from U.S. data were as follows: MR CNS, Streptococcus pneumoniae /penicillin and 3rd generation cephalosporin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa /piperacillin and Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli /ceftriaxon.
T6309	18956-19204	Sentence	denotes	Susceptibilities not significantly different from U.S. data were as follows: MR CNS, Streptococcus pneumoniae /penicillin and 3rd generation cephalosporin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa /piperacillin and Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli /ceftriaxon.
TextSentencer_T174	19205-19217	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
T72811	19205-19217	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T175	19218-19399	Sentence	denotes	This database proved to be a very useful tool for choosing primary wards of active surveillance including places for infectious disease physician's visit (ICU, rehabilitation unit).
T3900	19218-19399	Sentence	denotes	This database proved to be a very useful tool for choosing primary wards of active surveillance including places for infectious disease physician's visit (ICU, rehabilitation unit).
TextSentencer_T176	19400-19654	Sentence	denotes	Additional analysis is needed at an individual institution's level for other heavily used (or useable) antibiotics and bacteria as well (aminoglycosides, beta-lactam Á/beta lactamase inhibitor combinations, 2nd generation cephalosporins, corynebacteria .
T51142	19400-19654	Sentence	denotes	Additional analysis is needed at an individual institution's level for other heavily used (or useable) antibiotics and bacteria as well (aminoglycosides, beta-lactam Á/beta lactamase inhibitor combinations, 2nd generation cephalosporins, corynebacteria .
TextSentencer_T177	19655-19878	Sentence	denotes	To compare epidemiological, clinical, and immunological features of ADD before and after HAART introduction, between the 436 patients (p) diagnosed in 1985 Á/1995, and the 103 p detected since 1997, in a case-control study.
T59180	19655-19878	Sentence	denotes	To compare epidemiological, clinical, and immunological features of ADD before and after HAART introduction, between the 436 patients (p) diagnosed in 1985 Á/1995, and the 103 p detected since 1997, in a case-control study.
TextSentencer_T178	19879-20110	Sentence	denotes	Though the mean number of newly diagnosed AIDS p had a sharp drop in the HAART era, from 65 p/year in 1991 Á/ 1995 to 22 p/year since 1997 (P B/0.001), the distribution of ADD and underlying immunodeficiency showed limited changes.
T44213	19879-20110	Sentence	denotes	Though the mean number of newly diagnosed AIDS p had a sharp drop in the HAART era, from 65 p/year in 1991 Á/ 1995 to 22 p/year since 1997 (P B/0.001), the distribution of ADD and underlying immunodeficiency showed limited changes.
TextSentencer_T179	20111-20283	Sentence	denotes	When excluding a greater frequency of tuberculosis (TB) (P B/0.001) and wasting syndrome (P B/0.04), all other ADD did not show a different frequency before and after 1997.
T74336	20111-20283	Sentence	denotes	When excluding a greater frequency of tuberculosis (TB) (P B/0.001) and wasting syndrome (P B/0.04), all other ADD did not show a different frequency before and after 1997.
TextSentencer_T180	20284-20355	Sentence	denotes	A tendency towards a higher mean CD4 count at AIDS disease was noticed:
T13369	20284-20355	Sentence	denotes	A tendency towards a higher mean CD4 count at AIDS disease was noticed:
TextSentencer_T181	20356-20501	Sentence	denotes	78 vs 61 cells/ml (P B/0.003), with a significant difference for Candida esophagitis , toxoplasmosis, Kaposi sarcoma and TB (P B/0.002 Á/B/0.03).
T74239	20356-20501	Sentence	denotes	78 vs 61 cells/ml (P B/0.003), with a significant difference for Candida esophagitis , toxoplasmosis, Kaposi sarcoma and TB (P B/0.002 Á/B/0.03).
TextSentencer_T182	20502-20636	Sentence	denotes	The limited variation of clinical and immunological presentation are attributable to the poor impact of HAART before AIDS recognition:
T28956	20502-20636	Sentence	denotes	The limited variation of clinical and immunological presentation are attributable to the poor impact of HAART before AIDS recognition:
TextSentencer_T183	20637-20781	Sentence	denotes	88.4% of p detected since 1997 did not receive HAART or had insufficient compliance to antiretrovirals, so that 58.2% of p were AIDS presenters.
T66555	20637-20781	Sentence	denotes	88.4% of p detected since 1997 did not receive HAART or had insufficient compliance to antiretrovirals, so that 58.2% of p were AIDS presenters.
TextSentencer_T184	20782-20874	Sentence	denotes	During the HAART era, an increase of mean age and sexual transmission was found (P B/0.001).
T96245	20782-20874	Sentence	denotes	During the HAART era, an increase of mean age and sexual transmission was found (P B/0.001).
TextSentencer_T185	20875-21094	Sentence	denotes	Notwithstanding the effects of HAART on the natural history of HIV disease, the consequences on ADD distribution and related immunodeficiency were negligible, since most p could not benefit from HAART before AIDS onset.
T99673	20875-21094	Sentence	denotes	Notwithstanding the effects of HAART on the natural history of HIV disease, the consequences on ADD distribution and related immunodeficiency were negligible, since most p could not benefit from HAART before AIDS onset.
TextSentencer_T186	21095-21204	Sentence	denotes	A high clinical suspicion for ADD should be maintained when facing p with missed or undertreated HIV disease.
T21100	21095-21204	Sentence	denotes	A high clinical suspicion for ADD should be maintained when facing p with missed or undertreated HIV disease.
TextSentencer_T187	21205-21374	Sentence	denotes	Radata */communication internet platform management of resistance analysis guided haart switch for implementation in clinical practice of HIV-infected individuals SoA9.3
T42479	21205-21374	Sentence	denotes	Radata */communication internet platform management of resistance analysis guided haart switch for implementation in clinical practice of HIV-infected individuals SoA9.3
TextSentencer_T188	21375-21420	Sentence	denotes	Paech V, Lorenzen T, Stoehr A, Plettenberg A.
T82286	21375-21420	Sentence	denotes	Paech V, Lorenzen T, Stoehr A, Plettenberg A.
TextSentencer_T189	21421-21489	Sentence	denotes	IFI, interdisciplinary Infectiology and Immunology, Hamburg, Germany
T88059	21421-21489	Sentence	denotes	IFI, interdisciplinary Infectiology and Immunology, Hamburg, Germany
TextSentencer_T190	21490-21630	Sentence	denotes	Purpose: HIV-resistance analyses are indicated to prepare switch of HAART in HIV-infected individuals with failure to ongoing HAART regimen.
T27187	21490-21630	Sentence	denotes	Purpose: HIV-resistance analyses are indicated to prepare switch of HAART in HIV-infected individuals with failure to ongoing HAART regimen.
TextSentencer_T191	21631-21795	Sentence	denotes	Specialists at several responsible sites often feel lack of complementary informations if interpretation of resistance analyses is done independent from each other.
T42992	21631-21795	Sentence	denotes	Specialists at several responsible sites often feel lack of complementary informations if interpretation of resistance analyses is done independent from each other.
TextSentencer_T192	21796-21973	Sentence	denotes	Clinical benefits from resistance analysis assays are sigfnificantly higher for those physicians, who can access external advice from HIV-experts for possible treatment options.
T27929	21796-21973	Sentence	denotes	Clinical benefits from resistance analysis assays are sigfnificantly higher for those physicians, who can access external advice from HIV-experts for possible treatment options.
TextSentencer_T193	21974-22106	Sentence	denotes	The database concept 'Radata' (www.radata.de) was developed in Germany to generate expert advice for implementation in HAART switch.
T39165	21974-22106	Sentence	denotes	The database concept 'Radata' (www.radata.de) was developed in Germany to generate expert advice for implementation in HAART switch.
TextSentencer_T194	22107-22115	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T69710	22107-22115	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T195	22116-22290	Sentence	denotes	Fifteen HIV-treatment centres, seven laboratories and 15 high ranked authorities in HIV-Medicine contribute to Radata database since it is started in January 2002 in Germany.
T58677	22116-22290	Sentence	denotes	Fifteen HIV-treatment centres, seven laboratories and 15 high ranked authorities in HIV-Medicine contribute to Radata database since it is started in January 2002 in Germany.
TextSentencer_T196	22291-22420	Sentence	denotes	HIV-infected subjects are eligible to participate at the project after presentation of failure to HAART (viral load !/1000 c/ml).
T18525	22291-22420	Sentence	denotes	HIV-infected subjects are eligible to participate at the project after presentation of failure to HAART (viral load !/1000 c/ml).
TextSentencer_T197	22421-22536	Sentence	denotes	Expert advice is generated after all data are evaluated and based on recommendations of 2 Á/4 external HIV-experts.
T58702	22421-22536	Sentence	denotes	Expert advice is generated after all data are evaluated and based on recommendations of 2 Á/4 external HIV-experts.
TextSentencer_T198	22537-22609	Sentence	denotes	Observation after therapy switch is scheduled for a period of 12 months.
T57940	22537-22609	Sentence	denotes	Observation after therapy switch is scheduled for a period of 12 months.
TextSentencer_T199	22610-22622	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
T47598	22610-22622	Sentence	denotes	Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T200	22623-22764	Sentence	denotes	Radata is a novel database concept with features for evaluation of data and availability of complementary information to participating sites.
T19480	22623-22764	Sentence	denotes	Radata is a novel database concept with features for evaluation of data and availability of complementary information to participating sites.
TextSentencer_T201	22765-22875	Sentence	denotes	The project is designed to provide its proficiency to patients and centres from Germany and foreign countries.
T10247	22765-22875	Sentence	denotes	The project is designed to provide its proficiency to patients and centres from Germany and foreign countries.
TextSentencer_T202	22876-22962	Sentence	denotes	Further information will be provided after the number enclosed subjects have enlarged.
T20844	22876-22962	Sentence	denotes	Further information will be provided after the number enclosed subjects have enlarged.
TextSentencer_T203	22963-23373	Sentence	denotes	In vitro effects of HIV infection on ABC transporter expression and antiretroviral drug efficacy SoA9.4 Therefore, we evaluate in primary cultures of human monocytederived macrophages (MDM) and lymphocytes, effects: (1) of retroviral infection and HAART on the expression and activity of P-gp and MRP; and (2) of specific inhibitors of these host proteins on antiretroviral activities of NRTI, non-NRTI and IP.
T36534	22963-23373	Sentence	denotes	In vitro effects of HIV infection on ABC transporter expression and antiretroviral drug efficacy SoA9.4 Therefore, we evaluate in primary cultures of human monocytederived macrophages (MDM) and lymphocytes, effects: (1) of retroviral infection and HAART on the expression and activity of P-gp and MRP; and (2) of specific inhibitors of these host proteins on antiretroviral activities of NRTI, non-NRTI and IP.
TextSentencer_T204	23374-23382	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T674	23374-23382	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T205	23383-23520	Sentence	denotes	On the one hand, we evidenced a transitory increase of P-gp mRNA expression in lymphocytes and MDM in response to in vitro HIV infection.
T40503	23383-23520	Sentence	denotes	On the one hand, we evidenced a transitory increase of P-gp mRNA expression in lymphocytes and MDM in response to in vitro HIV infection.
TextSentencer_T206	23521-23647	Sentence	denotes	This was correlated to an increased P-gp cell surface expression and activity, and an increased TNF-alpha production and mRNA.
T70230	23521-23647	Sentence	denotes	This was correlated to an increased P-gp cell surface expression and activity, and an increased TNF-alpha production and mRNA.
TextSentencer_T207	23648-23707	Sentence	denotes	In contrast, no significant modulation of MRP was observed.
T3337	23648-23707	Sentence	denotes	In contrast, no significant modulation of MRP was observed.
TextSentencer_T208	23708-23813	Sentence	denotes	On the other hand, PSC833 and probenecid potentiated in vitro the anti-HIV activity of AZT and indinavir.
T62731	23708-23813	Sentence	denotes	On the other hand, PSC833 and probenecid potentiated in vitro the anti-HIV activity of AZT and indinavir.
TextSentencer_T209	23814-23886	Sentence	denotes	These effects were accentuated when PSC833 and probenecid were combined.
T64587	23814-23886	Sentence	denotes	These effects were accentuated when PSC833 and probenecid were combined.
TextSentencer_T210	23887-23898	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion:
T95236	23887-23898	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T211	23899-24169	Sentence	denotes	These results showed that: (1) HIV infection by increasing ABC transporter expression could favorise the efflux of antiretroviral drugs and decrease their pharmacological effects; and (2) specific inhibitors of these transporters could reverse these deleterious effects.
T37641	23899-24169	Sentence	denotes	These results showed that: (1) HIV infection by increasing ABC transporter expression could favorise the efflux of antiretroviral drugs and decrease their pharmacological effects; and (2) specific inhibitors of these transporters could reverse these deleterious effects.
TextSentencer_T212	24170-24381	Sentence	denotes	Effects of Interferon alpha plus ribavirine therapy on frequencies of HCV, HIV and CMV specific CD4-T-cell responses in peripheral blood of HIV/HCV coinfected patients after 6 months of treatment SoA9.5 Methods:
T58839	24170-24381	Sentence	denotes	Effects of Interferon alpha plus ribavirine therapy on frequencies of HCV, HIV and CMV specific CD4-T-cell responses in peripheral blood of HIV/HCV coinfected patients after 6 months of treatment SoA9.5 Methods:
TextSentencer_T213	24382-24445	Sentence	denotes	Two groups of patients with chronic HCV infection were studied:
T95787	24382-24445	Sentence	denotes	Two groups of patients with chronic HCV infection were studied:
TextSentencer_T214	24446-24533	Sentence	denotes	26 HIV coinfected progressors with antiretroviral therapy and 13 HIV-negative controls.
T52442	24446-24533	Sentence	denotes	26 HIV coinfected progressors with antiretroviral therapy and 13 HIV-negative controls.
TextSentencer_T215	24534-24631	Sentence	denotes	Twelve HCV/HIV and 9 HCV patients have already reached 6 months of IFN-alpha'/ribavirine therapy.
T47998	24534-24631	Sentence	denotes	Twelve HCV/HIV and 9 HCV patients have already reached 6 months of IFN-alpha'/ribavirine therapy.
TextSentencer_T216	24632-24782	Sentence	denotes	Virusspecific CD4-T-cells in peripheral blood were analyzed by IFNgamma-ELISPOT-assays using HIV-p24, one CMV and three HCV (Core, NS3, NS4) antigens.
T76854	24632-24782	Sentence	denotes	Virusspecific CD4-T-cells in peripheral blood were analyzed by IFNgamma-ELISPOT-assays using HIV-p24, one CMV and three HCV (Core, NS3, NS4) antigens.
TextSentencer_T217	24783-24791	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T90713	24783-24791	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T218	24792-25180	Sentence	denotes	(1) at baseline, HCV-specific CD4-Th1-cells frequencies were significantly lower than HIV-and CMV-specific ones; (2) frequencies of CD4-Th1-cells against HCV as well as against CMV were similar in the two groups; (3) in HCV'//HIV'/, HCV specific CD4-T-cell frequencies did not change between baseline and 6th month of anti-HCV treatment, decreased in three and increased in only one case.
T93383	24792-25180	Sentence	denotes	(1) at baseline, HCV-specific CD4-Th1-cells frequencies were significantly lower than HIV-and CMV-specific ones; (2) frequencies of CD4-Th1-cells against HCV as well as against CMV were similar in the two groups; (3) in HCV'//HIV'/, HCV specific CD4-T-cell frequencies did not change between baseline and 6th month of anti-HCV treatment, decreased in three and increased in only one case.
TextSentencer_T219	25181-25247	Sentence	denotes	HIV-and CMV-specific frequencies were decreased in seven patients.
T84846	25181-25247	Sentence	denotes	HIV-and CMV-specific frequencies were decreased in seven patients.
TextSentencer_T220	25248-25300	Sentence	denotes	Similar results were observed in HIV-negative group.
T24668	25248-25300	Sentence	denotes	Similar results were observed in HIV-negative group.
TextSentencer_T221	25301-25563	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion: (1) HCV-specific immune responses might be more prone to tissue compartmentalization than HIV-specific ones; (2) immune defects induced by HIV infection might not be responsible for the low level of HCV-specific responses observed in HIV-progressors;
T36109	25301-25563	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion: (1) HCV-specific immune responses might be more prone to tissue compartmentalization than HIV-specific ones; (2) immune defects induced by HIV infection might not be responsible for the low level of HCV-specific responses observed in HIV-progressors;
TextSentencer_T222	25564-25700	Sentence	denotes	(3) IFN-alpha'/ribavirine therapy influence on HCV-and HIVspecific CD4-T-cell frequencies after 6 months of treatment will be discussed.
T50480	25564-25700	Sentence	denotes	(3) IFN-alpha'/ribavirine therapy influence on HCV-and HIVspecific CD4-T-cell frequencies after 6 months of treatment will be discussed.
TextSentencer_T223	25701-25847	Sentence	denotes	Frequencies of HIV-1-p24 specific Th1 cells (ELISPOT) are correlated with plasma HIV-1 viral load in a cohort of LT-NP and slow progressors SoA9.6
T21235	25701-25847	Sentence	denotes	Frequencies of HIV-1-p24 specific Th1 cells (ELISPOT) are correlated with plasma HIV-1 viral load in a cohort of LT-NP and slow progressors SoA9.6
TextSentencer_T224	25848-26417	Sentence	denotes	Martinez V a , Alatrakchi N a , Costagliola D b , Bonduelle O a , Agut H c , Autran B a , ALT Study Group a . a Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, Paris, France , b Faculté de Medecine Saint-Antoine, INSERM SC4, Paris, France , c Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France Background: HIV-1-specific T helper-1 cell responses have been associated with long-term-non-progression (LT-NP) in HIV infection but the correlation between frequencies of HIV-1-p24-specific Th1 cells and viral load has not yet been studied.
T33938	25848-26417	Sentence	denotes	Martinez V a , Alatrakchi N a , Costagliola D b , Bonduelle O a , Agut H c , Autran B a , ALT Study Group a . a Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, Paris, France , b Faculté de Medecine Saint-Antoine, INSERM SC4, Paris, France , c Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France Background: HIV-1-specific T helper-1 cell responses have been associated with long-term-non-progression (LT-NP) in HIV infection but the correlation between frequencies of HIV-1-p24-specific Th1 cells and viral load has not yet been studied.
TextSentencer_T225	26418-26521	Sentence	denotes	We prospectively quantified these frequencies by using an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay in a cohort of LT-NP.
T4834	26418-26521	Sentence	denotes	We prospectively quantified these frequencies by using an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay in a cohort of LT-NP.
TextSentencer_T226	26522-26530	Sentence	denotes	Methods:
T30172	26522-26530	Sentence	denotes	Methods:
TextSentencer_T227	26531-26638	Sentence	denotes	A cohort of 62 LT-NP and slow progressors (infection !/ 8 years and CD4 counts !/600/mm 3 ) was analysable.
T13308	26531-26638	Sentence	denotes	A cohort of 62 LT-NP and slow progressors (infection !/ 8 years and CD4 counts !/600/mm 3 ) was analysable.
TextSentencer_T228	26639-26773	Sentence	denotes	HIV-1-p24specific T cells were analyzed using: proliferation, IFN-gamma ELI-SPOT assays and IFN-gamma production in cell supernatants.
T68869	26639-26773	Sentence	denotes	HIV-1-p24specific T cells were analyzed using: proliferation, IFN-gamma ELI-SPOT assays and IFN-gamma production in cell supernatants.
TextSentencer_T229	26774-26782	Sentence	denotes	Results:
T11994	26774-26782	Sentence	denotes	Results:
TextSentencer_T230	26783-26942	Sentence	denotes	Wide ranges were observed in the frequencies of HIV-1-p24-specific CD4 Th1 cells as assessed by ELISPOT (0-3770 SFC/106 PBMC) with a median of 70 SFC/106 PBMC.
T67053	26783-26942	Sentence	denotes	Wide ranges were observed in the frequencies of HIV-1-p24-specific CD4 Th1 cells as assessed by ELISPOT (0-3770 SFC/106 PBMC) with a median of 70 SFC/106 PBMC.
TextSentencer_T231	26943-27159	Sentence	denotes	These frequencies were negatively correlated with viral load (r0/(/0.304, P 0/0.026) but not with CD4 counts and associated with a low level of T cell activation assessed by CD71 on CD4 cells (r0/(/0.266, P 0/0.035).
T73539	26943-27159	Sentence	denotes	These frequencies were negatively correlated with viral load (r0/(/0.304, P 0/0.026) but not with CD4 counts and associated with a low level of T cell activation assessed by CD71 on CD4 cells (r0/(/0.266, P 0/0.035).
TextSentencer_T232	27160-27241	Sentence	denotes	Similar results were obtained with T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production.
T17858	27160-27241	Sentence	denotes	Similar results were obtained with T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production.
TextSentencer_T233	27242-27253	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion:
T55898	27242-27253	Sentence	denotes	Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T234	27254-27566	Sentence	denotes	Interestingly, the numbers of HIV-1-p24-specific Th1 cells correlate with plasma viral load, independently of CD4 counts indicating that: (1) the defect in HIV-1-specific CD4 Th1 cells does not reflect the global CD4 depletion; and (2) these responses are strongly correlated to the control of virus replication.
T53499	27254-27566	Sentence	denotes	Interestingly, the numbers of HIV-1-p24-specific Th1 cells correlate with plasma viral load, independently of CD4 counts indicating that: (1) the defect in HIV-1-specific CD4 Th1 cells does not reflect the global CD4 depletion; and (2) these responses are strongly correlated to the control of virus replication.
TextSentencer_T235	27567-27684	Sentence	denotes	Impact of drug Á/drug interactions on therapeutical management of active tuberculosis in HIV infected patients SoA9.7
T61229	27567-27684	Sentence	denotes	Impact of drug Á/drug interactions on therapeutical management of active tuberculosis in HIV infected patients SoA9.7
TextSentencer_T236	27685-28167	Sentence	denotes	Martinez V a , Truffot C b , Caumes E c , Katlama C c , Jarlier V b , Bricaire F c , Jouan M d . a Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Paris, France , b Department of Bacteriology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France , c Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France , d Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Paris, France
T37535	27685-28167	Sentence	denotes	Martinez V a , Truffot C b , Caumes E c , Katlama C c , Jarlier V b , Bricaire F c , Jouan M d . a Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Paris, France , b Department of Bacteriology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France , c Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France , d Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Paris, France
TextSentencer_T237	28168-28349	Sentence	denotes	Since 1996 and the use of HAART, management of HIV patients with active tuberculosis raised the question of drug Á/drug interactions and therapeutical management of both infections.
T17180	28168-28349	Sentence	denotes	Since 1996 and the use of HAART, management of HIV patients with active tuberculosis raised the question of drug Á/drug interactions and therapeutical management of both infections.
TextSentencer_T238	28350-28377	Sentence	denotes	Retrospective cohort study:
T49822	28350-28377	Sentence	denotes	Retrospective cohort study:
TextSentencer_T239	28378-28464	Sentence	denotes	Follow-up of 43 HIV patients with active tuberculosis diagnosed between 1996 and 2000.
T74694	28378-28464	Sentence	denotes	Follow-up of 43 HIV patients with active tuberculosis diagnosed between 1996 and 2000.
TextSentencer_T240	28465-28608	Sentence	denotes	Studied data included evolution of tuberculosis and HIV, CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV viral loads, antituberculosis and antiretroviral regimens.
T94544	28465-28608	Sentence	denotes	Studied data included evolution of tuberculosis and HIV, CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV viral loads, antituberculosis and antiretroviral regimens.
TextSentencer_T241	28609-28734	Sentence	denotes	Ninety-four percent of patients were treated by quadruple combination antituberculosis drug with rifabutin for five patients.
T21899	28609-28734	Sentence	denotes	Ninety-four percent of patients were treated by quadruple combination antituberculosis drug with rifabutin for five patients.
TextSentencer_T242	28735-28985	Sentence	denotes	Fourteen patients were treated by double antiretroviral therapy of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and 29 by triple or more drugs (NRTIs and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NNRTIs and/or protease inhibitors PIs).
T10337	28735-28985	Sentence	denotes	Fourteen patients were treated by double antiretroviral therapy of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and 29 by triple or more drugs (NRTIs and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NNRTIs and/or protease inhibitors PIs).
TextSentencer_T243	28986-29021	Sentence	denotes	The median follow-up was 24 months.
T59047	28986-29021	Sentence	denotes	The median follow-up was 24 months.
TextSentencer_T244	29022-29279	Sentence	denotes	There was no difference on CD4 cell counts and viral loads in the two groups and between the patients treated by NNRTIs and PIs at the diagnosis of tuberculosis, at the time of antituberculosis drug discontinuation and concerning cure rates of tuberculosis.
T45649	29022-29279	Sentence	denotes	There was no difference on CD4 cell counts and viral loads in the two groups and between the patients treated by NNRTIs and PIs at the diagnosis of tuberculosis, at the time of antituberculosis drug discontinuation and concerning cure rates of tuberculosis.
TextSentencer_T245	29280-29411	Sentence	denotes	On the other hand, the plasma HIV viral load was significantly better controlled in patients with NNRTIs than with PIs (P B/0.005).
T94501	29280-29411	Sentence	denotes	On the other hand, the plasma HIV viral load was significantly better controlled in patients with NNRTIs than with PIs (P B/0.005).
TextSentencer_T246	29412-29637	Sentence	denotes	In HIV patients with active tuberculosis receiving HAART, antiretroviral combination including NNRTIs allows a better control of viral replication than regimen including PIs without impact of the use of rifampin or rifabutin.
T37950	29412-29637	Sentence	denotes	In HIV patients with active tuberculosis receiving HAART, antiretroviral combination including NNRTIs allows a better control of viral replication than regimen including PIs without impact of the use of rifampin or rifabutin.
TextSentencer_T247	29638-29708	Sentence	denotes	Adherence is essential to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.
T61164	29638-29708	Sentence	denotes	Adherence is essential to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.
TextSentencer_T248	29709-29763	Sentence	denotes	A pharmacy visit would improve the patient advisement.
T480	29709-29763	Sentence	denotes	A pharmacy visit would improve the patient advisement.
TextSentencer_T249	29764-29830	Sentence	denotes	A survey was carried out over a period of 3 months in the U.M.I.T.
T84683	29764-29830	Sentence	denotes	A survey was carried out over a period of 3 months in the U.M.I.T.
TextSentencer_T250	29831-29877	Sentence	denotes	A self-report was distributed to 150 patients.
T40868	29831-29877	Sentence	denotes	A self-report was distributed to 150 patients.

TextSentencer_T1

Sentence

denotes

The effect of chlortracycline treatment on enteric bacteria in pigs SoA1.3 Delsol AA a Analysis of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antimicrobial agents in Polish children SoA4.2

T71470

0-179

Sentence

denotes

The effect of chlortracycline treatment on enteric bacteria in pigs SoA1.3 Delsol AA a Analysis of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antimicrobial agents in Polish children SoA4.2

TextSentencer_T2

181-189

Sentence

denotes

Abstract

T25884

181-189

Sentence

denotes

Abstract

TextSentencer_T3

190-198

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T25927

190-198

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T4

199-394

Sentence

denotes

There are concerns within the medical profession that antimicrobial agents used in livestock production contribute to the increased antibiotic resistance observed in zoonotic bacterial pathogens.

T37819

199-394

Sentence

denotes

There are concerns within the medical profession that antimicrobial agents used in livestock production contribute to the increased antibiotic resistance observed in zoonotic bacterial pathogens.

TextSentencer_T5

395-475

Sentence

denotes

To minimise this risk, evidence-based control strategies need to be implemented.

T54851

395-475

Sentence

denotes

To minimise this risk, evidence-based control strategies need to be implemented.

TextSentencer_T6

476-659

Sentence

denotes

We investigated the effect of chlortetracycline treatment on a tetracycline resistant population of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 and the commensal Escherichia coli population in pigs.

T73200

476-659

Sentence

denotes

We investigated the effect of chlortetracycline treatment on a tetracycline resistant population of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 and the commensal Escherichia coli population in pigs.

TextSentencer_T7

660-668

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T51474

660-668

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T8

669-848

Sentence

denotes

Our results show that pigs treated with chlortetracycline consistently shed higher numbers of resistant S . typhimurium DT104 than untreated pigs for up to 6 weeks post-treatment.

T59187

669-848

Sentence

denotes

Our results show that pigs treated with chlortetracycline consistently shed higher numbers of resistant S . typhimurium DT104 than untreated pigs for up to 6 weeks post-treatment.

TextSentencer_T9

849-984

Sentence

denotes

We also identified a 30% increase in E. coli with a chlortetracycline MIC!/ 16 mg/l and a 10% increase in E. coli with an MIC!/50 mg/l.

T74065

849-984

Sentence

denotes

We also identified a 30% increase in E. coli with a chlortetracycline MIC!/ 16 mg/l and a 10% increase in E. coli with an MIC!/50 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T10

985-1042

Sentence

denotes

These effects persisted for up to 2 weeks post-treatment.

T59170

985-1042

Sentence

denotes

These effects persisted for up to 2 weeks post-treatment.

TextSentencer_T11

1043-1118

Sentence

denotes

The tetracycline resistance gene was characterised by gene probing and PCR.

T87325

1043-1118

Sentence

denotes

The tetracycline resistance gene was characterised by gene probing and PCR.

TextSentencer_T12

1119-1244

Sentence

denotes

The level of chlortetracycline in the pig faeces, as measured by HPLC, fell below our detection limit 5 days after treatment.

T13357

1119-1244

Sentence

denotes

The level of chlortetracycline in the pig faeces, as measured by HPLC, fell below our detection limit 5 days after treatment.

TextSentencer_T13

1245-1256

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T26163

1245-1256

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T14

1257-1504

Sentence

denotes

This study provides direct evidence that oral administration of chlortetracycline to pigs significantly increases the proportion of resistant enteric bacteria, and this shift in resistance outlasts any residual chlortetracycline in the pig faeces.

T88467

1257-1504

Sentence

denotes

This study provides direct evidence that oral administration of chlortetracycline to pigs significantly increases the proportion of resistant enteric bacteria, and this shift in resistance outlasts any residual chlortetracycline in the pig faeces.

TextSentencer_T15

1505-1516

Sentence

denotes

Background:

T56876

1505-1516

Sentence

denotes

Background:

TextSentencer_T16

1517-1632

Sentence

denotes

Helicobacter pylori resistance to antimicrobial agents is an important factor compromising the efficacy of therapy.

T87664

1517-1632

Sentence

denotes

Helicobacter pylori resistance to antimicrobial agents is an important factor compromising the efficacy of therapy.

TextSentencer_T17

1633-1772

Sentence

denotes

Since initial treatment for H. pylori infection is often empirical, therefore it is very important to monitor the local resistance pattern.

T81294

1633-1772

Sentence

denotes

Since initial treatment for H. pylori infection is often empirical, therefore it is very important to monitor the local resistance pattern.

TextSentencer_T18

1773-1784

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T74634

1773-1784

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T19

1785-2022

Sentence

denotes

The aims of our study were: to determine the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole and amoxycillin in children prior to eradication therapy, and to detect mutations responsible for clarithromycin resistance.

T55039

1785-2022

Sentence

denotes

The aims of our study were: to determine the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole and amoxycillin in children prior to eradication therapy, and to detect mutations responsible for clarithromycin resistance.

TextSentencer_T20

2023-2044

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T16485

2023-2044

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T21

2045-2123

Sentence

denotes

During 2000 Á/ 2001, 57 H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsies.

T5755

2045-2123

Sentence

denotes

During 2000 Á/ 2001, 57 H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsies.

TextSentencer_T22

2124-2187

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the E -test.

T37679

2124-2187

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the E -test.

TextSentencer_T23

2188-2309

Sentence

denotes

Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene associated with clarithromycin resistance were analysed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing.

T18704

2188-2309

Sentence

denotes

Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene associated with clarithromycin resistance were analysed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing.

TextSentencer_T24

2310-2318

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T53501

2310-2318

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T25

2319-2494

Sentence

denotes

Overall, 24 strains (42%) were resistant to metronidazole, 25 strains (44%) were resistant to clarithromycin, and 14 strains (25%) were simultaneously resistant to both drugs.

T51313

2319-2494

Sentence

denotes

Overall, 24 strains (42%) were resistant to metronidazole, 25 strains (44%) were resistant to clarithromycin, and 14 strains (25%) were simultaneously resistant to both drugs.

TextSentencer_T26

2495-2547

Sentence

denotes

All cultured isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin.

T97262

2495-2547

Sentence

denotes

All cultured isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin.

TextSentencer_T27

2548-2666

Sentence

denotes

Primary resistance to clarithromycin was mainly associated with an A2143G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori .

T1920

2548-2666

Sentence

denotes

Primary resistance to clarithromycin was mainly associated with an A2143G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori .

TextSentencer_T28

2667-2749

Sentence

denotes

However, isolates containing an A2142G mutation had higher MICs of clarithromycin.

T73038

2667-2749

Sentence

denotes

However, isolates containing an A2142G mutation had higher MICs of clarithromycin.

TextSentencer_T29

2750-2761

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T6458

2750-2761

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T30

2762-2922

Sentence

denotes

Our results show the high prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in Polish children, which implies a need for pretreatment susceptibility testing.

T37242

2762-2922

Sentence

denotes

Our results show the high prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in Polish children, which implies a need for pretreatment susceptibility testing.

TextSentencer_T31

2923-3018

Sentence

denotes

23S rRNA genotype in Helicobacter pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin in children SoA4.3

T20067

2923-3018

Sentence

denotes

23S rRNA genotype in Helicobacter pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin in children SoA4.3

TextSentencer_T32

3019-3030

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T18311

3019-3030

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T33

3031-3229

Sentence

denotes

To study the primary resistance to clarithromycin (CLA) in children, to analyse the point mutations associated with CLA resistance and to compare these data with the resistance obtained from adults.

T40710

3031-3229

Sentence

denotes

To study the primary resistance to clarithromycin (CLA) in children, to analyse the point mutations associated with CLA resistance and to compare these data with the resistance obtained from adults.

TextSentencer_T34

3230-3238

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T74447

3230-3238

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T35

3239-3337

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-six resistant strains from children and 30 from adults were obtained from gastric biopsies.

T40044

3239-3337

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-six resistant strains from children and 30 from adults were obtained from gastric biopsies.

TextSentencer_T36

3338-3411

Sentence

denotes

In vitro susceptibility to CLA was determined by an agar dilution method.

T87954

3338-3411

Sentence

denotes

In vitro susceptibility to CLA was determined by an agar dilution method.

TextSentencer_T37

3412-3476

Sentence

denotes

DNA from the isolates was extracted by the Ge and Taylor method.

T72410

3412-3476

Sentence

denotes

DNA from the isolates was extracted by the Ge and Taylor method.

TextSentencer_T38

3477-3552

Sentence

denotes

A2142G and A2143G mutations were determined by PCR-RFLP (Versalovic, 1996).

T16806

3477-3552

Sentence

denotes

A2142G and A2143G mutations were determined by PCR-RFLP (Versalovic, 1996).

TextSentencer_T39

3553-3634

Sentence

denotes

A 1.4 kpb of the 23S rRNA gene was amplified and digested with Bsa I or Mbo II. :

T29872

3553-3634

Sentence

denotes

A 1.4 kpb of the 23S rRNA gene was amplified and digested with Bsa I or Mbo II. :

TextSentencer_T40

3635-3822

Sentence

denotes

S 0 9 2 4 -8 5 7 9 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 3 3 -X Contribution of rdxA and frxA mutations to metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori : an examination of multiple-isolate patient sets SoA4.4

T2053

3635-3822

Sentence

denotes

S 0 9 2 4 -8 5 7 9 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 3 3 -X Contribution of rdxA and frxA mutations to metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori : an examination of multiple-isolate patient sets SoA4.4

TextSentencer_T41

3823-3844

Sentence

denotes

Chisholm SA, Owen RJ.

T22473

3823-3844

Sentence

denotes

Chisholm SA, Owen RJ.

TextSentencer_T42

3845-3931

Sentence

denotes

Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Purpose:

T71448

3845-3931

Sentence

denotes

Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Purpose:

TextSentencer_T43

3932-4117

Sentence

denotes

Mutations in rdxA and frxA genes, encoding NADPH nitroreductase and NADPH flavin oxidoreductase, respectively, reportedly lead to metronidazole (Mtz) resistance in Helicobacter pylori .

T29311

3932-4117

Sentence

denotes

Mutations in rdxA and frxA genes, encoding NADPH nitroreductase and NADPH flavin oxidoreductase, respectively, reportedly lead to metronidazole (Mtz) resistance in Helicobacter pylori .

TextSentencer_T44

4118-4340

Sentence

denotes

As no single mutation type has been identified that directly correlates with resistance acquisition, we examined rdxA and frxA in paired Mtz sensitive (S) and resistant (R) isolates and in mixed Mtz-S/R strain populations.

T11787

4118-4340

Sentence

denotes

As no single mutation type has been identified that directly correlates with resistance acquisition, we examined rdxA and frxA in paired Mtz sensitive (S) and resistant (R) isolates and in mixed Mtz-S/R strain populations.

TextSentencer_T45

4341-4519

Sentence

denotes

Isolates from nine dyspeptic patients that had different Mtz susceptibilities (S and R) before and after therapy and mixed Mtz-S/R subpopulations that were separated were tested.

T63834

4341-4519

Sentence

denotes

Isolates from nine dyspeptic patients that had different Mtz susceptibilities (S and R) before and after therapy and mixed Mtz-S/R subpopulations that were separated were tested.

TextSentencer_T46

4520-4582

Sentence

denotes

Both rdxA and frxA from each isolate population was sequenced.

T32273

4520-4582

Sentence

denotes

Both rdxA and frxA from each isolate population was sequenced.

TextSentencer_T47

4583-4591

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T5470

4583-4591

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T48

4592-4759

Sentence

denotes

Several different mutations were identified in rdxA , but rarely in frxA , of Mtz-R strains (post-treatment) that were absent in matched Mtz-S strains (pre-treatment).

T67895

4592-4759

Sentence

denotes

Several different mutations were identified in rdxA , but rarely in frxA , of Mtz-R strains (post-treatment) that were absent in matched Mtz-S strains (pre-treatment).

TextSentencer_T49

4760-4905

Sentence

denotes

In contrast, sequences from pre-treatment Mtz-R sub-populations were identical to Mtz-S strains in 5/9 cases for rdxA and in 8/9 cases for frxA .

T19928

4760-4905

Sentence

denotes

In contrast, sequences from pre-treatment Mtz-R sub-populations were identical to Mtz-S strains in 5/9 cases for rdxA and in 8/9 cases for frxA .

TextSentencer_T50

4906-4918

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T25632

4906-4918

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T51

4919-5010

Sentence

denotes

Data suggest mutations in rdxA were not always essential for acquisition of Mtz resistance.

T90387

4919-5010

Sentence

denotes

Data suggest mutations in rdxA were not always essential for acquisition of Mtz resistance.

TextSentencer_T52

5011-5141

Sentence

denotes

Observed mutations in the post-treatment Mtz-R isolates may therefore be coincidental and not contributing to the Mtz-R phenotype.

T50385

5011-5141

Sentence

denotes

Observed mutations in the post-treatment Mtz-R isolates may therefore be coincidental and not contributing to the Mtz-R phenotype.

TextSentencer_T53

5142-5229

Sentence

denotes

For most strains, frxA mutations were not a factor in Mtz resistance of these isolates.

T18406

5142-5229

Sentence

denotes

For most strains, frxA mutations were not a factor in Mtz resistance of these isolates.

TextSentencer_T54

5230-5304

Sentence

denotes

Other mechanisms therefore may contribute to Mtz resistance in H. pylori .

T74226

5230-5304

Sentence

denotes

Other mechanisms therefore may contribute to Mtz resistance in H. pylori .

TextSentencer_T55

5305-5461

Sentence

denotes

Accuracy of 23S ribosomal RNA gene mutation analysis for predicting high level clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori in the United Kingdom SoA4.5

T61205

5305-5461

Sentence

denotes

Accuracy of 23S ribosomal RNA gene mutation analysis for predicting high level clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori in the United Kingdom SoA4.5

TextSentencer_T56

5462-5481

Sentence

denotes

Elviss NC, Owen RJ.

T30764

5462-5481

Sentence

denotes

Elviss NC, Owen RJ.

TextSentencer_T57

5482-5702

Sentence

denotes

Central Public Health Labortory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Pre-treatment resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin (CLA) and metronidazole (MTZ) is a key factor in eradication therapy failure.

T92345

5482-5702

Sentence

denotes

Central Public Health Labortory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Pre-treatment resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin (CLA) and metronidazole (MTZ) is a key factor in eradication therapy failure.

TextSentencer_T58

5703-5846

Sentence

denotes

Adenine (A) to guanine (G) or A to cytosine (C) mutations at nucleotide 2142, or A to G at 2143 in the 23S rDNA confer in vitro CLA resistance.

T43429

5703-5846

Sentence

denotes

Adenine (A) to guanine (G) or A to cytosine (C) mutations at nucleotide 2142, or A to G at 2143 in the 23S rDNA confer in vitro CLA resistance.

TextSentencer_T59

5847-5998

Sentence

denotes

Our aims were to determine if mutation type and high level CLA resistance was linked and to test for cross-associations with high level MTZ resistance.

T82122

5847-5998

Sentence

denotes

Our aims were to determine if mutation type and high level CLA resistance was linked and to test for cross-associations with high level MTZ resistance.

TextSentencer_T60

5999-6135

Sentence

denotes

One thousand one hundred and fifty-one UK isolates from routine endoscopies were tested for susceptibility to CLA and MTZ using E -test.

T96892

5999-6135

Sentence

denotes

One thousand one hundred and fifty-one UK isolates from routine endoscopies were tested for susceptibility to CLA and MTZ using E -test.

TextSentencer_T61

6136-6319

Sentence

denotes

PCR-RFLP identified rDNA mutations in the 92 CLA resistant isolates using Mbo II and Bsa I, respectively for the A2142G and A2143G mutations, and by PCR assay for the A2142C mutation.

T66903

6136-6319

Sentence

denotes

PCR-RFLP identified rDNA mutations in the 92 CLA resistant isolates using Mbo II and Bsa I, respectively for the A2142G and A2143G mutations, and by PCR assay for the A2142C mutation.

TextSentencer_T62

6320-6391

Sentence

denotes

Mutation frequency was: A2142G, 22.8%; A2143G, 63.0%; and A2142C, 3.3%.

T28668

6320-6391

Sentence

denotes

Mutation frequency was: A2142G, 22.8%; A2143G, 63.0%; and A2142C, 3.3%.

TextSentencer_T63

6392-6450

Sentence

denotes

In addition, 3.3% were heterozygous for A2142G and A2143G.

T87895

6392-6450

Sentence

denotes

In addition, 3.3% were heterozygous for A2142G and A2143G.

TextSentencer_T64

6451-6531

Sentence

denotes

No mutation was detected in 7.6% of resistant strains (confirmed by sequencing).

T5305

6451-6531

Sentence

denotes

No mutation was detected in 7.6% of resistant strains (confirmed by sequencing).

TextSentencer_T65

6532-6639

Sentence

denotes

High level CLA resistance (MIC !/ 256 mg/ml) occurred in 43.3% strains representing 17/21 A2142G mutations.

T9551

6532-6639

Sentence

denotes

High level CLA resistance (MIC !/ 256 mg/ml) occurred in 43.3% strains representing 17/21 A2142G mutations.

TextSentencer_T66

6640-6775

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-six isolates were both CLA and MTZ resistant, of these 30 strains had high level CLA resistance and 27 high level MTZ resistance.

T21017

6640-6775

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-six isolates were both CLA and MTZ resistant, of these 30 strains had high level CLA resistance and 27 high level MTZ resistance.

TextSentencer_T67

6776-6834

Sentence

denotes

No single mutation predominated in dual resistant strains.

T49761

6776-6834

Sentence

denotes

No single mutation predominated in dual resistant strains.

TextSentencer_T68

6835-6938

Sentence

denotes

Our findings indicate that an A2142G mutation predicts a 81.4% likelihood of high level CLA resistance.

T7681

6835-6938

Sentence

denotes

Our findings indicate that an A2142G mutation predicts a 81.4% likelihood of high level CLA resistance.

TextSentencer_T69

6939-7045

Sentence

denotes

Our mutation assays provide a specific basis to obtain CLA resistance data for treatment and surveillance.

T67526

6939-7045

Sentence

denotes

Our mutation assays provide a specific basis to obtain CLA resistance data for treatment and surveillance.

TextSentencer_T70

7046-7187

Sentence

denotes

Real-time PCR detection of 23S rDNA mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori using the Roche Light-Cycler SoA4.6

T61075

7046-7187

Sentence

denotes

Real-time PCR detection of 23S rDNA mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori using the Roche Light-Cycler SoA4.6

TextSentencer_T71

7188-7218

Sentence

denotes

Lawson AJ, Elviss NC, Owen RJ.

T9266

7188-7218

Sentence

denotes

Lawson AJ, Elviss NC, Owen RJ.

TextSentencer_T72

7219-7386

Sentence

denotes

Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of Â/50% of the worlds human population.

T9885

7219-7386

Sentence

denotes

Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of Â/50% of the worlds human population.

TextSentencer_T73

7387-7553

Sentence

denotes

In a significant subgroup of infected hosts, H. pylori is associated with the aetiology of a number of gastric diseases, most notably gastric and duodenal ulceration.

T2182

7387-7553

Sentence

denotes

In a significant subgroup of infected hosts, H. pylori is associated with the aetiology of a number of gastric diseases, most notably gastric and duodenal ulceration.

TextSentencer_T74

7554-7681

Sentence

denotes

The macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin is a key component of many combination therapies used to eradicate H. pylori infection.

T73676

7554-7681

Sentence

denotes

The macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin is a key component of many combination therapies used to eradicate H. pylori infection.

TextSentencer_T75

7682-7763

Sentence

denotes

However, resistance to clarithromycin is an important cause of treatment failure.

T86638

7682-7763

Sentence

denotes

However, resistance to clarithromycin is an important cause of treatment failure.

TextSentencer_T76

7764-7910

Sentence

denotes

Clarithromycin resistance is associated with mutations in 23S rRNA nucleotides 2142 and 2143 that inhibit the binding of the drug to the ribosome.

T46841

7764-7910

Sentence

denotes

Clarithromycin resistance is associated with mutations in 23S rRNA nucleotides 2142 and 2143 that inhibit the binding of the drug to the ribosome.

TextSentencer_T77

7911-8059

Sentence

denotes

A rapid, real-time PCR assay for the detection of 23S rDNA mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance was developed using the Roche LightCycler.

T39181

7911-8059

Sentence

denotes

A rapid, real-time PCR assay for the detection of 23S rDNA mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance was developed using the Roche LightCycler.

TextSentencer_T78

8060-8257

Sentence

denotes

The assay utilized a pair of biprobes, one specific for the A2142G mutation and one for the wild type sequence (A2142C and A2143G mutations were detected by characteristic reduction in biprobe Tm).

T13332

8060-8257

Sentence

denotes

The assay utilized a pair of biprobes, one specific for the A2142G mutation and one for the wild type sequence (A2142C and A2143G mutations were detected by characteristic reduction in biprobe Tm).

TextSentencer_T79

8258-8461

Sentence

denotes

The PCR assay was applied to DNA extracted from 150 selected H. pylori isolates from UK patients and identified the 23S rDNA as wild type (45), A2142G (17), A2142C (3), A2143G (70) and heterozygous (15).

T75367

8258-8461

Sentence

denotes

The PCR assay was applied to DNA extracted from 150 selected H. pylori isolates from UK patients and identified the 23S rDNA as wild type (45), A2142G (17), A2142C (3), A2143G (70) and heterozygous (15).

TextSentencer_T80

8462-8584

Sentence

denotes

These results correlated (95%) with those obtained by disk diffusion sensitivity testing and PCR-RFLP based methodologies.

T77849

8462-8584

Sentence

denotes

These results correlated (95%) with those obtained by disk diffusion sensitivity testing and PCR-RFLP based methodologies.

TextSentencer_T81

8585-8771

Sentence

denotes

The LightCycler assay was successfully applied to DNA extracted from 20 gastric biopsy samples, thus offering the potential to inform patient management without the necessity of culture.

T47602

8585-8771

Sentence

denotes

The LightCycler assay was successfully applied to DNA extracted from 20 gastric biopsy samples, thus offering the potential to inform patient management without the necessity of culture.

TextSentencer_T82

8772-8901

Sentence

denotes

Efficacy and tolerability of different triple macrolide-containing anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment regimens in children SoA4.7

T69025

8772-8901

Sentence

denotes

Efficacy and tolerability of different triple macrolide-containing anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment regimens in children SoA4.7

TextSentencer_T83

8903-8924

Sentence

denotes

f Spain Introduction:

T86751

8903-8924

Sentence

denotes

f Spain Introduction:

TextSentencer_T84

8925-9092

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of erythromycin resistance (ER-R) in group A streptococci (GAS) has increased in Spain since early 90s with current rates exceeding 40% in some regions.

T2033

8925-9092

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of erythromycin resistance (ER-R) in group A streptococci (GAS) has increased in Spain since early 90s with current rates exceeding 40% in some regions.

TextSentencer_T85

9093-9177

Sentence

denotes

This study determined the emm -types associated to erythromycin resistance in Spain.

T2128

9093-9177

Sentence

denotes

This study determined the emm -types associated to erythromycin resistance in Spain.

TextSentencer_T86

9178-9199

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T3852

9178-9199

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T87

9200-9256

Sentence

denotes

Isolates belonged to the SAUCE* surveillance collection.

T51971

9200-9256

Sentence

denotes

Isolates belonged to the SAUCE* surveillance collection.

TextSentencer_T88

9257-9395

Sentence

denotes

Rapid sequence analysis of specific PCR products was used to deduce emm -types corresponding to the majority of the known GAS M serotypes.

T67959

9257-9395

Sentence

denotes

Rapid sequence analysis of specific PCR products was used to deduce emm -types corresponding to the majority of the known GAS M serotypes.

TextSentencer_T89

9396-9490

Sentence

denotes

PCR primers used: GASM1 (5?-TATTGCGCT-TAGAAAATTAA-3?) and GASM2 (5?-GCAAGTTCTT-CAGCTTGTTT-3?).

T45317

9396-9490

Sentence

denotes

PCR primers used: GASM1 (5?-TATTGCGCT-TAGAAAATTAA-3?) and GASM2 (5?-GCAAGTTCTT-CAGCTTGTTT-3?).

TextSentencer_T90

9491-9583

Sentence

denotes

Sequencing was done with the Big Dye terminator mix and autosequenator (Applied Biosystems).

T55436

9491-9583

Sentence

denotes

Sequencing was done with the Big Dye terminator mix and autosequenator (Applied Biosystems).

TextSentencer_T91

9584-9669

Sentence

denotes

DNA sequences were subjected to homology searches against the bacterial DNA database.

T8071

9584-9669

Sentence

denotes

DNA sequences were subjected to homology searches against the bacterial DNA database.

TextSentencer_T92

9670-9678

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T16047

9670-9678

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T93

9679-9730

Sentence

denotes

Overall, 670 GAS isolates (345 ER-R) were analysed.

T48272

9679-9730

Sentence

denotes

Overall, 670 GAS isolates (345 ER-R) were analysed.

TextSentencer_T94

9731-9859

Sentence

denotes

Three M-types (M4, ST1812 and M12) accounted for 66.4% of the ER-R isolates, whereas they just represented a 16.7% of the Ery-S.

T5249

9731-9859

Sentence

denotes

Three M-types (M4, ST1812 and M12) accounted for 66.4% of the ER-R isolates, whereas they just represented a 16.7% of the Ery-S.

TextSentencer_T95

9860-10039

Sentence

denotes

For ER-R isolates the strongest association was seen with M4 (OR0/12; 95% CI 6.7 Á/22.1), and M75 was second after M4 only in the last temporal period of the study (1998 Á/1999) .

T16544

9860-10039

Sentence

denotes

For ER-R isolates the strongest association was seen with M4 (OR0/12; 95% CI 6.7 Á/22.1), and M75 was second after M4 only in the last temporal period of the study (1998 Á/1999) .

TextSentencer_T96

10040-10104

Sentence

denotes

No homogeneous distribution of ER-R M-types by centres was seen.

T42338

10040-10104

Sentence

denotes

No homogeneous distribution of ER-R M-types by centres was seen.

TextSentencer_T97

10105-10117

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T26141

10105-10117

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T98

10118-10184

Sentence

denotes

Few M-types (leading by M4) are responsible for the ER-R in Spain.

T72752

10118-10184

Sentence

denotes

Few M-types (leading by M4) are responsible for the ER-R in Spain.

TextSentencer_T99

10185-10316

Sentence

denotes

But for M4, the remaining ER-R M types (ST1815, M12 and M75) did not show a temporally nor geographically homogeneous distribution.

T82227

10185-10316

Sentence

denotes

But for M4, the remaining ER-R M types (ST1815, M12 and M75) did not show a temporally nor geographically homogeneous distribution.

TextSentencer_T100

10317-10549

Sentence

denotes

*SAUCE is an acronym standing for 'Sensibilidad a los Antimicrobianos Utilizados en la Comunidad en Espana' (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Commonly Used in the Community in Spain ) and is the Spanish word for the willow tree.

T64628

10317-10549

Sentence

denotes

*SAUCE is an acronym standing for 'Sensibilidad a los Antimicrobianos Utilizados en la Comunidad en Espana' (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Commonly Used in the Community in Spain ) and is the Spanish word for the willow tree.

TextSentencer_T101

10550-10724

Sentence

denotes

Significant increase in the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin and miocamycin-susceptible (M-Phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain (1998 ( Á/2001 Purpose:

T17443

10550-10724

Sentence

denotes

Significant increase in the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin and miocamycin-susceptible (M-Phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain (1998 ( Á/2001 Purpose:

TextSentencer_T102

10725-10833

Sentence

denotes

A variety of methods is used for a molecular typing of Enterococcus spp. and related gram-positive bacteria.

T41824

10725-10833

Sentence

denotes

A variety of methods is used for a molecular typing of Enterococcus spp. and related gram-positive bacteria.

TextSentencer_T103

10834-11094

Sentence

denotes

These include DNA-based methods such as macrorestriction analysis using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and amplification-based methods such as rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).

T92991

10834-11094

Sentence

denotes

These include DNA-based methods such as macrorestriction analysis using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and amplification-based methods such as rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).

TextSentencer_T104

11095-11271

Sentence

denotes

We used a homogeneous strain collection of 24 transconjugants resulting from filter-matings with different antibiotic-resistant E. faecium and a recipient isolate from our lab.

T54180

11095-11271

Sentence

denotes

We used a homogeneous strain collection of 24 transconjugants resulting from filter-matings with different antibiotic-resistant E. faecium and a recipient isolate from our lab.

TextSentencer_T105

11272-11396

Sentence

denotes

The influence of transferred antibiotic-resistance determinants on the outcome of different typing methods was investigated.

T40244

11272-11396

Sentence

denotes

The influence of transferred antibiotic-resistance determinants on the outcome of different typing methods was investigated.

TextSentencer_T106

11397-11405

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T63162

11397-11405

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T107

11406-11518

Sentence

denotes

Fragment patterns resulting from PFGE indicated minor differences between the transconjugants and the recipient.

T18851

11406-11518

Sentence

denotes

Fragment patterns resulting from PFGE indicated minor differences between the transconjugants and the recipient.

TextSentencer_T108

11519-11651

Sentence

denotes

In respect to different primers used for RAPD, none or only a single fragment shift was detected in the resulting fragment patterns.

T7376

11519-11651

Sentence

denotes

In respect to different primers used for RAPD, none or only a single fragment shift was detected in the resulting fragment patterns.

TextSentencer_T109

11652-11812

Sentence

denotes

AFLP clusters all transconjugants into a group of major relatedness, but the result was strongly dependent on the mathematical method used for cluster analysis.

T36035

11652-11812

Sentence

denotes

AFLP clusters all transconjugants into a group of major relatedness, but the result was strongly dependent on the mathematical method used for cluster analysis.

TextSentencer_T110

11813-11942

Sentence

denotes

Fragment patterns of digested plasmids showed the possession of different or only widely related plasmids in the transconjugants.

T64139

11813-11942

Sentence

denotes

Fragment patterns of digested plasmids showed the possession of different or only widely related plasmids in the transconjugants.

TextSentencer_T111

11943-11955

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T76054

11943-11955

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T112

11956-12126

Sentence

denotes

The results of this study clearly show that under certain situations typing methods commonly used for enterococci and related gram-positive bacteria come to their limits.

T69256

11956-12126

Sentence

denotes

The results of this study clearly show that under certain situations typing methods commonly used for enterococci and related gram-positive bacteria come to their limits.

TextSentencer_T113

12127-12288

Sentence

denotes

The SASSS network aims to set up a national surveillance study to obtain standardized information on antimicrobial susceptibility to various bacterial pathogens.

T80880

12127-12288

Sentence

denotes

The SASSS network aims to set up a national surveillance study to obtain standardized information on antimicrobial susceptibility to various bacterial pathogens.

TextSentencer_T114

12289-12398

Sentence

denotes

Currently, 25 hospitals are participating in the project from different geographical regions in Saudi Arabia.

T17927

12289-12398

Sentence

denotes

Currently, 25 hospitals are participating in the project from different geographical regions in Saudi Arabia.

TextSentencer_T115

12399-12472

Sentence

denotes

During the 1st year (2001), the SASSS focused on setting up this network.

T99290

12399-12472

Sentence

denotes

During the 1st year (2001), the SASSS focused on setting up this network.

TextSentencer_T116

12473-12587

Sentence

denotes

Overall, high frequencies of resistance to antibiotics to different bacterial pathogens in Saudi Arabia were seen.

T29472

12473-12587

Sentence

denotes

Overall, high frequencies of resistance to antibiotics to different bacterial pathogens in Saudi Arabia were seen.

TextSentencer_T117

12588-12698

Sentence

denotes

Geographical variations of resistance were noticed, which could be related to different prescribing practices.

T85572

12588-12698

Sentence

denotes

Geographical variations of resistance were noticed, which could be related to different prescribing practices.

TextSentencer_T118

12699-12831

Sentence

denotes

Approximately, 9 and 32% of Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae , respectively, were Extended Spectrum â-Lactamases (EBLs) producers.

T36385

12699-12831

Sentence

denotes

Approximately, 9 and 32% of Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae , respectively, were Extended Spectrum â-Lactamases (EBLs) producers.

TextSentencer_T119

12832-12918

Sentence

denotes

Resistance of Enterobacteriacae group to Carbapenem and Pipracillin/tazobactam is low.

T75567

12832-12918

Sentence

denotes

Resistance of Enterobacteriacae group to Carbapenem and Pipracillin/tazobactam is low.

TextSentencer_T120

12919-13038

Sentence

denotes

Resistance of Pseudomonas aeurginosa to various anti-Pseudomonal antibiotics including Carbapenem is high and alarming.

T18472

12919-13038

Sentence

denotes

Resistance of Pseudomonas aeurginosa to various anti-Pseudomonal antibiotics including Carbapenem is high and alarming.

TextSentencer_T121

13039-13126

Sentence

denotes

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) comprised 36% of S. aureus isolates.

T94938

13039-13126

Sentence

denotes

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) comprised 36% of S. aureus isolates.

TextSentencer_T122

13127-13184

Sentence

denotes

No Vancomycin Intermediate S. aureus (visa) was detected.

T49282

13127-13184

Sentence

denotes

No Vancomycin Intermediate S. aureus (visa) was detected.

TextSentencer_T123

13185-13334

Sentence

denotes

High level resistance to Gentamicin in Enterococcus were seen in 12% of the isolates and only 2% of Enterococcus facieum were glycopeptide resistant.

T79783

13185-13334

Sentence

denotes

High level resistance to Gentamicin in Enterococcus were seen in 12% of the isolates and only 2% of Enterococcus facieum were glycopeptide resistant.

TextSentencer_T124

13335-13420

Sentence

denotes

Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin ranged between 2% to almost 52%.

T61410

13335-13420

Sentence

denotes

Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin ranged between 2% to almost 52%.

TextSentencer_T125

13421-13562

Sentence

denotes

Surveillance of antibiotic resistance on a national level is necessarily to give guidance to practicing physicians on the best agents to use.

T43802

13421-13562

Sentence

denotes

Surveillance of antibiotic resistance on a national level is necessarily to give guidance to practicing physicians on the best agents to use.

TextSentencer_T126

13563-13756

Sentence

denotes

The world-wide problem of betalactam resistance (R) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) has been complicated by increasing R to macrolides and some older fluoroquinolones (FQ) (ciprofloxacin CIP).

T53635

13563-13756

Sentence

denotes

The world-wide problem of betalactam resistance (R) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) has been complicated by increasing R to macrolides and some older fluoroquinolones (FQ) (ciprofloxacin CIP).

TextSentencer_T127

13757-13960

Sentence

denotes

Aim of our study was to evaluate rate of acquisition of resistance to different FQ: CIP, sparfloxacin (SPX) and levofloxacin (LEV) of SP strains with different levels of susceptibility to penicillin (P).

T70302

13757-13960

Sentence

denotes

Aim of our study was to evaluate rate of acquisition of resistance to different FQ: CIP, sparfloxacin (SPX) and levofloxacin (LEV) of SP strains with different levels of susceptibility to penicillin (P).

TextSentencer_T128

13961-14127

Sentence

denotes

Fifteen strains were serially and daily passaged in subinhibitory concentrations of these four antibiotics by a gradient plate method until acquisition of resistance.

T96717

13961-14127

Sentence

denotes

Fifteen strains were serially and daily passaged in subinhibitory concentrations of these four antibiotics by a gradient plate method until acquisition of resistance.

TextSentencer_T129

14128-14198

Sentence

denotes

Clinical strains isolated from children in day-care centers were used.

T76736

14128-14198

Sentence

denotes

Clinical strains isolated from children in day-care centers were used.

TextSentencer_T130

14199-14297

Sentence

denotes

Five strains were susceptible (S) to penicillin (P) (one reference strain, four clinical isolates:

T41775

14199-14297

Sentence

denotes

Five strains were susceptible (S) to penicillin (P) (one reference strain, four clinical isolates:

TextSentencer_T131

14298-14373

Sentence

denotes

P MICsB/0.064 mg/l): five were intermediate (I) to P (one reference strain:

T80346

14298-14373

Sentence

denotes

P MICsB/0.064 mg/l): five were intermediate (I) to P (one reference strain:

TextSentencer_T132

14374-14420

Sentence

denotes

P MIC 0.19 mg/l, four clinical strains P MICs:

T30486

14374-14420

Sentence

denotes

P MIC 0.19 mg/l, four clinical strains P MICs:

TextSentencer_T133

14421-14483

Sentence

denotes

0.5 Á/1 mg/l), five were resistant (R) to P (P MICs 1.5 mg/l).

T39805

14421-14483

Sentence

denotes

0.5 Á/1 mg/l), five were resistant (R) to P (P MICs 1.5 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T134

14484-14664

Sentence

denotes

Mean of number of passages (n ) necessary to reach I or R level with each FQ as selecting agent are in the following table: SPX and LEV induced resistance but more slowly than CIP.

T41063

14484-14664

Sentence

denotes

Mean of number of passages (n ) necessary to reach I or R level with each FQ as selecting agent are in the following table: SPX and LEV induced resistance but more slowly than CIP.

TextSentencer_T135

14665-14823

Sentence

denotes

Our results show that rate of acquisition of resistance to FQ is strongly related to alteration of susceptibility to P, probably by modification of cell wall.

T1000

14665-14823

Sentence

denotes

Our results show that rate of acquisition of resistance to FQ is strongly related to alteration of susceptibility to P, probably by modification of cell wall.

TextSentencer_T136

14824-14875

Sentence

denotes

These results are concordant with clinical results.

T1221

14824-14875

Sentence

denotes

These results are concordant with clinical results.

TextSentencer_T137

14876-15019

Sentence

denotes

Clinical relevance of phase variation in pneumococcal opacity: nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization in children from day care centers (DCC) SoA8.11

T29681

14876-15019

Sentence

denotes

Clinical relevance of phase variation in pneumococcal opacity: nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization in children from day care centers (DCC) SoA8.11

TextSentencer_T138

15020-15093

Sentence

denotes

Carsenti H, Mancini G, Bensoussan M, Dunais B, Pradier CH, Dellamonica P.

T58472

15020-15093

Sentence

denotes

Carsenti H, Mancini G, Bensoussan M, Dunais B, Pradier CH, Dellamonica P.

TextSentencer_T139

15094-15355

Sentence

denotes

Archet Hospital, Infectious Disease, Nice, France Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) adherence to nasopharyngeal (NP) epithelium is a prerequisite for induction of otitis Transparent SP (T) have been shown to colonize the NP of infant rats better than opaque (O) SP.

T30639

15094-15355

Sentence

denotes

Archet Hospital, Infectious Disease, Nice, France Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) adherence to nasopharyngeal (NP) epithelium is a prerequisite for induction of otitis Transparent SP (T) have been shown to colonize the NP of infant rats better than opaque (O) SP.

TextSentencer_T140

15356-15450

Sentence

denotes

Opaque SP has proven more virulent than the T form during systemic infection in a mouse model.

T21023

15356-15450

Sentence

denotes

Opaque SP has proven more virulent than the T form during systemic infection in a mouse model.

TextSentencer_T141

15451-15532

Sentence

denotes

Aim of this study was to evaluate phase variation in the nasopharynx of children.

T55719

15451-15532

Sentence

denotes

Aim of this study was to evaluate phase variation in the nasopharynx of children.

TextSentencer_T142

15533-15635

Sentence

denotes

SP strains were isolated during a winter epidemiology study of NP samples in children from family DCC.

T2969

15533-15635

Sentence

denotes

SP strains were isolated during a winter epidemiology study of NP samples in children from family DCC.

TextSentencer_T143

15636-15743

Sentence

denotes

MICs determinations were performed by E -test for penicillin (P), amoxicilline (AMX) and ceftriaxone (CRO).

T52640

15636-15743

Sentence

denotes

MICs determinations were performed by E -test for penicillin (P), amoxicilline (AMX) and ceftriaxone (CRO).

TextSentencer_T144

15744-15797

Sentence

denotes

Serotypes were performed using the Quellung reaction.

T16227

15744-15797

Sentence

denotes

Serotypes were performed using the Quellung reaction.

TextSentencer_T145

15798-15963

Sentence

denotes

Upon oil immersion microscopic examination short chains of six to eight cocci were noted as 0, '/, '/'/, '/'/'/ for absence, 1, 2, !/3 chains by field, respectively.

T31744

15798-15963

Sentence

denotes

Upon oil immersion microscopic examination short chains of six to eight cocci were noted as 0, '/, '/'/, '/'/'/ for absence, 1, 2, !/3 chains by field, respectively.

TextSentencer_T146

15964-16178

Sentence

denotes

Phase variation was detected on catalase Trypticase Soja plates, AMX and CRO MICs and bactericidal activity was determined for 10 pairs of O and T variants with different serotypes and susceptibility to penicillin.

T23471

15964-16178

Sentence

denotes

Phase variation was detected on catalase Trypticase Soja plates, AMX and CRO MICs and bactericidal activity was determined for 10 pairs of O and T variants with different serotypes and susceptibility to penicillin.

TextSentencer_T147

16179-16235

Sentence

denotes

Seventy strains of SP were screened for phase variation.

T67798

16179-16235

Sentence

denotes

Seventy strains of SP were screened for phase variation.

TextSentencer_T148

16236-16368

Sentence

denotes

Nine out of 42 with chain length 0, '/ had O variants while 23 out of 28 strains with chain length '/'/ or '/'/'/ showed O variants.

T49195

16236-16368

Sentence

denotes

Nine out of 42 with chain length 0, '/ had O variants while 23 out of 28 strains with chain length '/'/ or '/'/'/ showed O variants.

TextSentencer_T149

16369-16438

Sentence

denotes

Proportion of O variants was predominant when chain length increased.

T250

16369-16438

Sentence

denotes

Proportion of O variants was predominant when chain length increased.

TextSentencer_T150

16439-16466

Sentence

denotes

Serotype 23F was prevalent.

T89664

16439-16466

Sentence

denotes

Serotype 23F was prevalent.

TextSentencer_T151

16467-16546

Sentence

denotes

Bactericidal activity of O variants showed a four-to eightfold increase of MBC.

T30598

16467-16546

Sentence

denotes

Bactericidal activity of O variants showed a four-to eightfold increase of MBC.

TextSentencer_T152

16547-16637

Sentence

denotes

O variants may be present in NP of children while T are predominant form for colonization.

T9672

16547-16637

Sentence

denotes

O variants may be present in NP of children while T are predominant form for colonization.

TextSentencer_T153

16638-16745

Sentence

denotes

These virulent variants with lower level of autolysis showed less susceptibility to killing by antibiotics.

T63917

16638-16745

Sentence

denotes

These virulent variants with lower level of autolysis showed less susceptibility to killing by antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T154

16746-16828

Sentence

denotes

They may persist in NP and explain the absence of eradication by active molecules.

T78166

16746-16828

Sentence

denotes

They may persist in NP and explain the absence of eradication by active molecules.

TextSentencer_T155

16829-16995

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial resistance among clinical strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) in Russia SoA8.12

T38979

16829-16995

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial resistance among clinical strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) in Russia SoA8.12

TextSentencer_T156

16996-17213

Sentence

denotes

Kozlov RS a , Bogdanovitch TM a , Sivaya OV a , Agapova ED b , Ahmetova LI b , Furletova b , Gudkova LV b , Gugutsidge b , Ilyina VN b , Marusina b , Multich IG b , Ortenberg EA b , Schetinin EV b , Shturmina Purpose:

T25982

16996-17213

Sentence

denotes

Kozlov RS a , Bogdanovitch TM a , Sivaya OV a , Agapova ED b , Ahmetova LI b , Furletova b , Gudkova LV b , Gugutsidge b , Ilyina VN b , Marusina b , Multich IG b , Ortenberg EA b , Schetinin EV b , Shturmina Purpose:

TextSentencer_T157

17214-17313

Sentence

denotes

To determine the antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci causing CARTI in different Russian cities.

T69047

17214-17313

Sentence

denotes

To determine the antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci causing CARTI in different Russian cities.

TextSentencer_T158

17314-17322

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T85485

17314-17322

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T159

17323-17411

Sentence

denotes

A total of 142 non-duplicate strains isolated in 14 Russian cities in 2001 were studied.

T49388

17323-17411

Sentence

denotes

A total of 142 non-duplicate strains isolated in 14 Russian cities in 2001 were studied.

TextSentencer_T160

17412-17698

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobials tested included penicillin (PEN), amoxicillin (AMO), erythromycin (ERY), azithromycin (AZI), clarithromycin (CLA), midecamycin (MID), spiramycin (SPI), clindamycin (CLI), levofloxacin (LEV), vancomycin (VAN), rifampicin (RIF), tetracycline (TET) and co-trimoxazole (SXT).

T59826

17412-17698

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobials tested included penicillin (PEN), amoxicillin (AMO), erythromycin (ERY), azithromycin (AZI), clarithromycin (CLA), midecamycin (MID), spiramycin (SPI), clindamycin (CLI), levofloxacin (LEV), vancomycin (VAN), rifampicin (RIF), tetracycline (TET) and co-trimoxazole (SXT).

TextSentencer_T161

17699-17890

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution with interpretation of the results according to NCCLS guidelines (2001) A map of bacterial resistance in a Hungarian region SoA8.16

T5757

17699-17890

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution with interpretation of the results according to NCCLS guidelines (2001) A map of bacterial resistance in a Hungarian region SoA8.16

TextSentencer_T162

17891-18214

Sentence

denotes

Farkas A a , Juhasz A b , Orosi P a , Miszti C c , Balogh M d . a Kenezy Teaching Hospital, Hygienie, Debrecen, Hungary , b Kenezy Teaching Hospital, Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary , c University of Debrecen, Microbiology Lab, Debrecen, Hungary , d Regional Hospital Berettyóújfalu, Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary Background:

T89227

17891-18214

Sentence

denotes

Farkas A a , Juhasz A b , Orosi P a , Miszti C c , Balogh M d . a Kenezy Teaching Hospital, Hygienie, Debrecen, Hungary , b Kenezy Teaching Hospital, Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary , c University of Debrecen, Microbiology Lab, Debrecen, Hungary , d Regional Hospital Berettyóújfalu, Laboratory, Debrecen, Hungary Background:

TextSentencer_T163

18215-18347

Sentence

denotes

Regional trends of microbiological resistance pattern constitute basic data and qualifying criteria for effective infection control.

T79676

18215-18347

Sentence

denotes

Regional trends of microbiological resistance pattern constitute basic data and qualifying criteria for effective infection control.

TextSentencer_T164

18348-18356

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T42410

18348-18356

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T165

18357-18478

Sentence

denotes

The aim of our study was to establish an internationally compatible regional database in a Hungarian county Hajdú -Bihar.

T42842

18357-18478

Sentence

denotes

The aim of our study was to establish an internationally compatible regional database in a Hungarian county Hajdú -Bihar.

TextSentencer_T166

18479-18487

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T127

18479-18487

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T167

18488-18597

Sentence

denotes

Our model is the National Nosocomial Infections Society publications' format from the U.S. published in 2001.

T29082

18488-18597

Sentence

denotes

Our model is the National Nosocomial Infections Society publications' format from the U.S. published in 2001.

TextSentencer_T168

18598-18690

Sentence

denotes

It contains data regarding various ICU types, ambulatory patients and hospitalised patients.

T49785

18598-18690

Sentence

denotes

It contains data regarding various ICU types, ambulatory patients and hospitalised patients.

TextSentencer_T169

18691-18792

Sentence

denotes

The same format is used for antibiotic utilisation data and device related infections' rates as well.

T32044

18691-18792

Sentence

denotes

The same format is used for antibiotic utilisation data and device related infections' rates as well.

TextSentencer_T170

18793-18896

Sentence

denotes

We collected cleaned data of years 2000 Á/2001 from all the microbiological laboratories of our county.

T26181

18793-18896

Sentence

denotes

We collected cleaned data of years 2000 Á/2001 from all the microbiological laboratories of our county.

TextSentencer_T171

18897-18905

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T33846

18897-18905

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T172

18906-18955

Sentence

denotes

Ciprofloxacin P E. coli 6.8 4.5 9.6 75 Á/above 90

T1810

18906-18955

Sentence

denotes

Ciprofloxacin P E. coli 6.8 4.5 9.6 75 Á/above 90

TextSentencer_T173

18956-19204

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibilities not significantly different from U.S. data were as follows: MR CNS, Streptococcus pneumoniae /penicillin and 3rd generation cephalosporin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa /piperacillin and Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli /ceftriaxon.

T6309

18956-19204

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibilities not significantly different from U.S. data were as follows: MR CNS, Streptococcus pneumoniae /penicillin and 3rd generation cephalosporin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa /piperacillin and Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli /ceftriaxon.

TextSentencer_T174

19205-19217

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T72811

19205-19217

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T175

19218-19399

Sentence

denotes

This database proved to be a very useful tool for choosing primary wards of active surveillance including places for infectious disease physician's visit (ICU, rehabilitation unit).

T3900

19218-19399

Sentence

denotes

This database proved to be a very useful tool for choosing primary wards of active surveillance including places for infectious disease physician's visit (ICU, rehabilitation unit).

TextSentencer_T176

19400-19654

Sentence

denotes

Additional analysis is needed at an individual institution's level for other heavily used (or useable) antibiotics and bacteria as well (aminoglycosides, beta-lactam Á/beta lactamase inhibitor combinations, 2nd generation cephalosporins, corynebacteria .

T51142

19400-19654

Sentence

denotes

Additional analysis is needed at an individual institution's level for other heavily used (or useable) antibiotics and bacteria as well (aminoglycosides, beta-lactam Á/beta lactamase inhibitor combinations, 2nd generation cephalosporins, corynebacteria .

TextSentencer_T177

19655-19878

Sentence

denotes

To compare epidemiological, clinical, and immunological features of ADD before and after HAART introduction, between the 436 patients (p) diagnosed in 1985 Á/1995, and the 103 p detected since 1997, in a case-control study.

T59180

19655-19878

Sentence

denotes

To compare epidemiological, clinical, and immunological features of ADD before and after HAART introduction, between the 436 patients (p) diagnosed in 1985 Á/1995, and the 103 p detected since 1997, in a case-control study.

TextSentencer_T178

19879-20110

Sentence

denotes

Though the mean number of newly diagnosed AIDS p had a sharp drop in the HAART era, from 65 p/year in 1991 Á/ 1995 to 22 p/year since 1997 (P B/0.001), the distribution of ADD and underlying immunodeficiency showed limited changes.

T44213

19879-20110

Sentence

denotes

Though the mean number of newly diagnosed AIDS p had a sharp drop in the HAART era, from 65 p/year in 1991 Á/ 1995 to 22 p/year since 1997 (P B/0.001), the distribution of ADD and underlying immunodeficiency showed limited changes.

TextSentencer_T179

20111-20283

Sentence

denotes

When excluding a greater frequency of tuberculosis (TB) (P B/0.001) and wasting syndrome (P B/0.04), all other ADD did not show a different frequency before and after 1997.

T74336

20111-20283

Sentence

denotes

When excluding a greater frequency of tuberculosis (TB) (P B/0.001) and wasting syndrome (P B/0.04), all other ADD did not show a different frequency before and after 1997.

TextSentencer_T180

20284-20355

Sentence

denotes

A tendency towards a higher mean CD4 count at AIDS disease was noticed:

T13369

20284-20355

Sentence

denotes

A tendency towards a higher mean CD4 count at AIDS disease was noticed:

TextSentencer_T181

20356-20501

Sentence

denotes

78 vs 61 cells/ml (P B/0.003), with a significant difference for Candida esophagitis , toxoplasmosis, Kaposi sarcoma and TB (P B/0.002 Á/B/0.03).

T74239

20356-20501

Sentence

denotes

78 vs 61 cells/ml (P B/0.003), with a significant difference for Candida esophagitis , toxoplasmosis, Kaposi sarcoma and TB (P B/0.002 Á/B/0.03).

TextSentencer_T182

20502-20636

Sentence

denotes

The limited variation of clinical and immunological presentation are attributable to the poor impact of HAART before AIDS recognition:

T28956

20502-20636

Sentence

denotes

The limited variation of clinical and immunological presentation are attributable to the poor impact of HAART before AIDS recognition:

TextSentencer_T183

20637-20781

Sentence

denotes

88.4% of p detected since 1997 did not receive HAART or had insufficient compliance to antiretrovirals, so that 58.2% of p were AIDS presenters.

T66555

20637-20781

Sentence

denotes

88.4% of p detected since 1997 did not receive HAART or had insufficient compliance to antiretrovirals, so that 58.2% of p were AIDS presenters.

TextSentencer_T184

20782-20874

Sentence

denotes

During the HAART era, an increase of mean age and sexual transmission was found (P B/0.001).

T96245

20782-20874

Sentence

denotes

During the HAART era, an increase of mean age and sexual transmission was found (P B/0.001).

TextSentencer_T185

20875-21094

Sentence

denotes

Notwithstanding the effects of HAART on the natural history of HIV disease, the consequences on ADD distribution and related immunodeficiency were negligible, since most p could not benefit from HAART before AIDS onset.

T99673

20875-21094

Sentence

denotes

Notwithstanding the effects of HAART on the natural history of HIV disease, the consequences on ADD distribution and related immunodeficiency were negligible, since most p could not benefit from HAART before AIDS onset.

TextSentencer_T186

21095-21204

Sentence

denotes

A high clinical suspicion for ADD should be maintained when facing p with missed or undertreated HIV disease.

T21100

21095-21204

Sentence

denotes

A high clinical suspicion for ADD should be maintained when facing p with missed or undertreated HIV disease.

TextSentencer_T187

21205-21374

Sentence

denotes

Radata */communication internet platform management of resistance analysis guided haart switch for implementation in clinical practice of HIV-infected individuals SoA9.3

T42479

21205-21374

Sentence

denotes

Radata */communication internet platform management of resistance analysis guided haart switch for implementation in clinical practice of HIV-infected individuals SoA9.3

TextSentencer_T188

21375-21420

Sentence

denotes

Paech V, Lorenzen T, Stoehr A, Plettenberg A.

T82286

21375-21420

Sentence

denotes

Paech V, Lorenzen T, Stoehr A, Plettenberg A.

TextSentencer_T189

21421-21489

Sentence

denotes

IFI, interdisciplinary Infectiology and Immunology, Hamburg, Germany

T88059

21421-21489

Sentence

denotes

IFI, interdisciplinary Infectiology and Immunology, Hamburg, Germany

TextSentencer_T190

21490-21630

Sentence

denotes

Purpose: HIV-resistance analyses are indicated to prepare switch of HAART in HIV-infected individuals with failure to ongoing HAART regimen.

T27187

21490-21630

Sentence

denotes

Purpose: HIV-resistance analyses are indicated to prepare switch of HAART in HIV-infected individuals with failure to ongoing HAART regimen.

TextSentencer_T191

21631-21795

Sentence

denotes

Specialists at several responsible sites often feel lack of complementary informations if interpretation of resistance analyses is done independent from each other.

T42992

21631-21795

Sentence

denotes

Specialists at several responsible sites often feel lack of complementary informations if interpretation of resistance analyses is done independent from each other.

TextSentencer_T192

21796-21973

Sentence

denotes

Clinical benefits from resistance analysis assays are sigfnificantly higher for those physicians, who can access external advice from HIV-experts for possible treatment options.

T27929

21796-21973

Sentence

denotes

Clinical benefits from resistance analysis assays are sigfnificantly higher for those physicians, who can access external advice from HIV-experts for possible treatment options.

TextSentencer_T193

21974-22106

Sentence

denotes

The database concept 'Radata' (www.radata.de) was developed in Germany to generate expert advice for implementation in HAART switch.

T39165

21974-22106

Sentence

denotes

The database concept 'Radata' (www.radata.de) was developed in Germany to generate expert advice for implementation in HAART switch.

TextSentencer_T194

22107-22115

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T69710

22107-22115

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T195

22116-22290

Sentence

denotes

Fifteen HIV-treatment centres, seven laboratories and 15 high ranked authorities in HIV-Medicine contribute to Radata database since it is started in January 2002 in Germany.

T58677

22116-22290

Sentence

denotes

Fifteen HIV-treatment centres, seven laboratories and 15 high ranked authorities in HIV-Medicine contribute to Radata database since it is started in January 2002 in Germany.

TextSentencer_T196

22291-22420

Sentence

denotes

HIV-infected subjects are eligible to participate at the project after presentation of failure to HAART (viral load !/1000 c/ml).

T18525

22291-22420

Sentence

denotes

HIV-infected subjects are eligible to participate at the project after presentation of failure to HAART (viral load !/1000 c/ml).

TextSentencer_T197

22421-22536

Sentence

denotes

Expert advice is generated after all data are evaluated and based on recommendations of 2 Á/4 external HIV-experts.

T58702

22421-22536

Sentence

denotes

Expert advice is generated after all data are evaluated and based on recommendations of 2 Á/4 external HIV-experts.

TextSentencer_T198

22537-22609

Sentence

denotes

Observation after therapy switch is scheduled for a period of 12 months.

T57940

22537-22609

Sentence

denotes

Observation after therapy switch is scheduled for a period of 12 months.

TextSentencer_T199

22610-22622

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T47598

22610-22622

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T200

22623-22764

Sentence

denotes

Radata is a novel database concept with features for evaluation of data and availability of complementary information to participating sites.

T19480

22623-22764

Sentence

denotes

Radata is a novel database concept with features for evaluation of data and availability of complementary information to participating sites.

TextSentencer_T201

22765-22875

Sentence

denotes

The project is designed to provide its proficiency to patients and centres from Germany and foreign countries.

T10247

22765-22875

Sentence

denotes

The project is designed to provide its proficiency to patients and centres from Germany and foreign countries.

TextSentencer_T202

22876-22962

Sentence

denotes

Further information will be provided after the number enclosed subjects have enlarged.

T20844

22876-22962

Sentence

denotes

Further information will be provided after the number enclosed subjects have enlarged.

TextSentencer_T203

22963-23373

Sentence

denotes

In vitro effects of HIV infection on ABC transporter expression and antiretroviral drug efficacy SoA9.4 Therefore, we evaluate in primary cultures of human monocytederived macrophages (MDM) and lymphocytes, effects: (1) of retroviral infection and HAART on the expression and activity of P-gp and MRP; and (2) of specific inhibitors of these host proteins on antiretroviral activities of NRTI, non-NRTI and IP.

T36534

22963-23373

Sentence

denotes

In vitro effects of HIV infection on ABC transporter expression and antiretroviral drug efficacy SoA9.4 Therefore, we evaluate in primary cultures of human monocytederived macrophages (MDM) and lymphocytes, effects: (1) of retroviral infection and HAART on the expression and activity of P-gp and MRP; and (2) of specific inhibitors of these host proteins on antiretroviral activities of NRTI, non-NRTI and IP.

TextSentencer_T204

23374-23382

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T674

23374-23382

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T205

23383-23520

Sentence

denotes

On the one hand, we evidenced a transitory increase of P-gp mRNA expression in lymphocytes and MDM in response to in vitro HIV infection.

T40503

23383-23520

Sentence

denotes

On the one hand, we evidenced a transitory increase of P-gp mRNA expression in lymphocytes and MDM in response to in vitro HIV infection.

TextSentencer_T206

23521-23647

Sentence

denotes

This was correlated to an increased P-gp cell surface expression and activity, and an increased TNF-alpha production and mRNA.

T70230

23521-23647

Sentence

denotes

This was correlated to an increased P-gp cell surface expression and activity, and an increased TNF-alpha production and mRNA.

TextSentencer_T207

23648-23707

Sentence

denotes

In contrast, no significant modulation of MRP was observed.

T3337

23648-23707

Sentence

denotes

In contrast, no significant modulation of MRP was observed.

TextSentencer_T208

23708-23813

Sentence

denotes

On the other hand, PSC833 and probenecid potentiated in vitro the anti-HIV activity of AZT and indinavir.

T62731

23708-23813

Sentence

denotes

On the other hand, PSC833 and probenecid potentiated in vitro the anti-HIV activity of AZT and indinavir.

TextSentencer_T209

23814-23886

Sentence

denotes

These effects were accentuated when PSC833 and probenecid were combined.

T64587

23814-23886

Sentence

denotes

These effects were accentuated when PSC833 and probenecid were combined.

TextSentencer_T210

23887-23898

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T95236

23887-23898

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T211

23899-24169

Sentence

denotes

These results showed that: (1) HIV infection by increasing ABC transporter expression could favorise the efflux of antiretroviral drugs and decrease their pharmacological effects; and (2) specific inhibitors of these transporters could reverse these deleterious effects.

T37641

23899-24169

Sentence

denotes

These results showed that: (1) HIV infection by increasing ABC transporter expression could favorise the efflux of antiretroviral drugs and decrease their pharmacological effects; and (2) specific inhibitors of these transporters could reverse these deleterious effects.

TextSentencer_T212

24170-24381

Sentence

denotes

Effects of Interferon alpha plus ribavirine therapy on frequencies of HCV, HIV and CMV specific CD4-T-cell responses in peripheral blood of HIV/HCV coinfected patients after 6 months of treatment SoA9.5 Methods:

T58839

24170-24381

Sentence

denotes

Effects of Interferon alpha plus ribavirine therapy on frequencies of HCV, HIV and CMV specific CD4-T-cell responses in peripheral blood of HIV/HCV coinfected patients after 6 months of treatment SoA9.5 Methods:

TextSentencer_T213

24382-24445

Sentence

denotes

Two groups of patients with chronic HCV infection were studied:

T95787

24382-24445

Sentence

denotes

Two groups of patients with chronic HCV infection were studied:

TextSentencer_T214

24446-24533

Sentence

denotes

26 HIV coinfected progressors with antiretroviral therapy and 13 HIV-negative controls.

T52442

24446-24533

Sentence

denotes

26 HIV coinfected progressors with antiretroviral therapy and 13 HIV-negative controls.

TextSentencer_T215

24534-24631

Sentence

denotes

Twelve HCV/HIV and 9 HCV patients have already reached 6 months of IFN-alpha'/ribavirine therapy.

T47998

24534-24631

Sentence

denotes

Twelve HCV/HIV and 9 HCV patients have already reached 6 months of IFN-alpha'/ribavirine therapy.

TextSentencer_T216

24632-24782

Sentence

denotes

Virusspecific CD4-T-cells in peripheral blood were analyzed by IFNgamma-ELISPOT-assays using HIV-p24, one CMV and three HCV (Core, NS3, NS4) antigens.

T76854

24632-24782

Sentence

denotes

Virusspecific CD4-T-cells in peripheral blood were analyzed by IFNgamma-ELISPOT-assays using HIV-p24, one CMV and three HCV (Core, NS3, NS4) antigens.

TextSentencer_T217

24783-24791

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T90713

24783-24791

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T218

24792-25180

Sentence

denotes

(1) at baseline, HCV-specific CD4-Th1-cells frequencies were significantly lower than HIV-and CMV-specific ones; (2) frequencies of CD4-Th1-cells against HCV as well as against CMV were similar in the two groups; (3) in HCV'//HIV'/, HCV specific CD4-T-cell frequencies did not change between baseline and 6th month of anti-HCV treatment, decreased in three and increased in only one case.

T93383

24792-25180

Sentence

denotes

(1) at baseline, HCV-specific CD4-Th1-cells frequencies were significantly lower than HIV-and CMV-specific ones; (2) frequencies of CD4-Th1-cells against HCV as well as against CMV were similar in the two groups; (3) in HCV'//HIV'/, HCV specific CD4-T-cell frequencies did not change between baseline and 6th month of anti-HCV treatment, decreased in three and increased in only one case.

TextSentencer_T219

25181-25247

Sentence

denotes

HIV-and CMV-specific frequencies were decreased in seven patients.

T84846

25181-25247

Sentence

denotes

HIV-and CMV-specific frequencies were decreased in seven patients.

TextSentencer_T220

25248-25300

Sentence

denotes

Similar results were observed in HIV-negative group.

T24668

25248-25300

Sentence

denotes

Similar results were observed in HIV-negative group.

TextSentencer_T221

25301-25563

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: (1) HCV-specific immune responses might be more prone to tissue compartmentalization than HIV-specific ones; (2) immune defects induced by HIV infection might not be responsible for the low level of HCV-specific responses observed in HIV-progressors;

T36109

25301-25563

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: (1) HCV-specific immune responses might be more prone to tissue compartmentalization than HIV-specific ones; (2) immune defects induced by HIV infection might not be responsible for the low level of HCV-specific responses observed in HIV-progressors;

TextSentencer_T222

25564-25700

Sentence

denotes

(3) IFN-alpha'/ribavirine therapy influence on HCV-and HIVspecific CD4-T-cell frequencies after 6 months of treatment will be discussed.

T50480

25564-25700

Sentence

denotes

(3) IFN-alpha'/ribavirine therapy influence on HCV-and HIVspecific CD4-T-cell frequencies after 6 months of treatment will be discussed.

TextSentencer_T223

25701-25847

Sentence

denotes

Frequencies of HIV-1-p24 specific Th1 cells (ELISPOT) are correlated with plasma HIV-1 viral load in a cohort of LT-NP and slow progressors SoA9.6

T21235

25701-25847

Sentence

denotes

Frequencies of HIV-1-p24 specific Th1 cells (ELISPOT) are correlated with plasma HIV-1 viral load in a cohort of LT-NP and slow progressors SoA9.6

TextSentencer_T224

25848-26417

Sentence

denotes

Martinez V a , Alatrakchi N a , Costagliola D b , Bonduelle O a , Agut H c , Autran B a , ALT Study Group a . a Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, Paris, France , b Faculté de Medecine Saint-Antoine, INSERM SC4, Paris, France , c Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France Background: HIV-1-specific T helper-1 cell responses have been associated with long-term-non-progression (LT-NP) in HIV infection but the correlation between frequencies of HIV-1-p24-specific Th1 cells and viral load has not yet been studied.

T33938

25848-26417

Sentence

denotes

Martinez V a , Alatrakchi N a , Costagliola D b , Bonduelle O a , Agut H c , Autran B a , ALT Study Group a . a Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, Paris, France , b Faculté de Medecine Saint-Antoine, INSERM SC4, Paris, France , c Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France Background: HIV-1-specific T helper-1 cell responses have been associated with long-term-non-progression (LT-NP) in HIV infection but the correlation between frequencies of HIV-1-p24-specific Th1 cells and viral load has not yet been studied.

TextSentencer_T225

26418-26521

Sentence

denotes

We prospectively quantified these frequencies by using an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay in a cohort of LT-NP.

T4834

26418-26521

Sentence

denotes

We prospectively quantified these frequencies by using an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay in a cohort of LT-NP.

TextSentencer_T226

26522-26530

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T30172

26522-26530

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T227

26531-26638

Sentence

denotes

A cohort of 62 LT-NP and slow progressors (infection !/ 8 years and CD4 counts !/600/mm 3 ) was analysable.

T13308

26531-26638

Sentence

denotes

A cohort of 62 LT-NP and slow progressors (infection !/ 8 years and CD4 counts !/600/mm 3 ) was analysable.

TextSentencer_T228

26639-26773

Sentence

denotes

HIV-1-p24specific T cells were analyzed using: proliferation, IFN-gamma ELI-SPOT assays and IFN-gamma production in cell supernatants.

T68869

26639-26773

Sentence

denotes

HIV-1-p24specific T cells were analyzed using: proliferation, IFN-gamma ELI-SPOT assays and IFN-gamma production in cell supernatants.

TextSentencer_T229

26774-26782

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T11994

26774-26782

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T230

26783-26942

Sentence

denotes

Wide ranges were observed in the frequencies of HIV-1-p24-specific CD4 Th1 cells as assessed by ELISPOT (0-3770 SFC/106 PBMC) with a median of 70 SFC/106 PBMC.

T67053

26783-26942

Sentence

denotes

Wide ranges were observed in the frequencies of HIV-1-p24-specific CD4 Th1 cells as assessed by ELISPOT (0-3770 SFC/106 PBMC) with a median of 70 SFC/106 PBMC.

TextSentencer_T231

26943-27159

Sentence

denotes

These frequencies were negatively correlated with viral load (r0/(/0.304, P 0/0.026) but not with CD4 counts and associated with a low level of T cell activation assessed by CD71 on CD4 cells (r0/(/0.266, P 0/0.035).

T73539

26943-27159

Sentence

denotes

These frequencies were negatively correlated with viral load (r0/(/0.304, P 0/0.026) but not with CD4 counts and associated with a low level of T cell activation assessed by CD71 on CD4 cells (r0/(/0.266, P 0/0.035).

TextSentencer_T232

27160-27241

Sentence

denotes

Similar results were obtained with T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production.

T17858

27160-27241

Sentence

denotes

Similar results were obtained with T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production.

TextSentencer_T233

27242-27253

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T55898

27242-27253

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T234

27254-27566

Sentence

denotes

Interestingly, the numbers of HIV-1-p24-specific Th1 cells correlate with plasma viral load, independently of CD4 counts indicating that: (1) the defect in HIV-1-specific CD4 Th1 cells does not reflect the global CD4 depletion; and (2) these responses are strongly correlated to the control of virus replication.

T53499

27254-27566

Sentence

denotes

Interestingly, the numbers of HIV-1-p24-specific Th1 cells correlate with plasma viral load, independently of CD4 counts indicating that: (1) the defect in HIV-1-specific CD4 Th1 cells does not reflect the global CD4 depletion; and (2) these responses are strongly correlated to the control of virus replication.

TextSentencer_T235

27567-27684

Sentence

denotes

Impact of drug Á/drug interactions on therapeutical management of active tuberculosis in HIV infected patients SoA9.7

T61229

27567-27684

Sentence

denotes

Impact of drug Á/drug interactions on therapeutical management of active tuberculosis in HIV infected patients SoA9.7

TextSentencer_T236

27685-28167

Sentence

denotes

Martinez V a , Truffot C b , Caumes E c , Katlama C c , Jarlier V b , Bricaire F c , Jouan M d . a Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Paris, France , b Department of Bacteriology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France , c Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France , d Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Paris, France

T37535

27685-28167

Sentence

denotes

Martinez V a , Truffot C b , Caumes E c , Katlama C c , Jarlier V b , Bricaire F c , Jouan M d . a Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Paris, France , b Department of Bacteriology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France , c Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France , d Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Paris, France

TextSentencer_T237

28168-28349

Sentence

denotes

Since 1996 and the use of HAART, management of HIV patients with active tuberculosis raised the question of drug Á/drug interactions and therapeutical management of both infections.

T17180

28168-28349

Sentence

denotes

Since 1996 and the use of HAART, management of HIV patients with active tuberculosis raised the question of drug Á/drug interactions and therapeutical management of both infections.

TextSentencer_T238

28350-28377

Sentence

denotes

Retrospective cohort study:

T49822

28350-28377

Sentence

denotes

Retrospective cohort study:

TextSentencer_T239

28378-28464

Sentence

denotes

Follow-up of 43 HIV patients with active tuberculosis diagnosed between 1996 and 2000.

T74694

28378-28464

Sentence

denotes

Follow-up of 43 HIV patients with active tuberculosis diagnosed between 1996 and 2000.

TextSentencer_T240

28465-28608

Sentence

denotes

Studied data included evolution of tuberculosis and HIV, CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV viral loads, antituberculosis and antiretroviral regimens.

T94544

28465-28608

Sentence

denotes

Studied data included evolution of tuberculosis and HIV, CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV viral loads, antituberculosis and antiretroviral regimens.

TextSentencer_T241

28609-28734

Sentence

denotes

Ninety-four percent of patients were treated by quadruple combination antituberculosis drug with rifabutin for five patients.

T21899

28609-28734

Sentence

denotes

Ninety-four percent of patients were treated by quadruple combination antituberculosis drug with rifabutin for five patients.

TextSentencer_T242

28735-28985

Sentence

denotes

Fourteen patients were treated by double antiretroviral therapy of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and 29 by triple or more drugs (NRTIs and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NNRTIs and/or protease inhibitors PIs).

T10337

28735-28985

Sentence

denotes

Fourteen patients were treated by double antiretroviral therapy of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and 29 by triple or more drugs (NRTIs and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NNRTIs and/or protease inhibitors PIs).

TextSentencer_T243

28986-29021

Sentence

denotes

The median follow-up was 24 months.

T59047

28986-29021

Sentence

denotes

The median follow-up was 24 months.

TextSentencer_T244

29022-29279

Sentence

denotes

There was no difference on CD4 cell counts and viral loads in the two groups and between the patients treated by NNRTIs and PIs at the diagnosis of tuberculosis, at the time of antituberculosis drug discontinuation and concerning cure rates of tuberculosis.

T45649

29022-29279

Sentence

denotes

There was no difference on CD4 cell counts and viral loads in the two groups and between the patients treated by NNRTIs and PIs at the diagnosis of tuberculosis, at the time of antituberculosis drug discontinuation and concerning cure rates of tuberculosis.

TextSentencer_T245

29280-29411

Sentence

denotes

On the other hand, the plasma HIV viral load was significantly better controlled in patients with NNRTIs than with PIs (P B/0.005).

T94501

29280-29411

Sentence

denotes

On the other hand, the plasma HIV viral load was significantly better controlled in patients with NNRTIs than with PIs (P B/0.005).

TextSentencer_T246

29412-29637

Sentence

denotes

In HIV patients with active tuberculosis receiving HAART, antiretroviral combination including NNRTIs allows a better control of viral replication than regimen including PIs without impact of the use of rifampin or rifabutin.

T37950

29412-29637

Sentence

denotes

In HIV patients with active tuberculosis receiving HAART, antiretroviral combination including NNRTIs allows a better control of viral replication than regimen including PIs without impact of the use of rifampin or rifabutin.

TextSentencer_T247

29638-29708

Sentence

denotes

Adherence is essential to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.

T61164

29638-29708

Sentence

denotes

Adherence is essential to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.

TextSentencer_T248

29709-29763

Sentence

denotes

A pharmacy visit would improve the patient advisement.

T480

29709-29763

Sentence

denotes

A pharmacy visit would improve the patient advisement.

TextSentencer_T249

29764-29830

Sentence

denotes

A survey was carried out over a period of 3 months in the U.M.I.T.

T84683

29764-29830

Sentence

denotes

A survey was carried out over a period of 3 months in the U.M.I.T.

TextSentencer_T250

29831-29877

Sentence

denotes

A self-report was distributed to 150 patients.

T40868

29831-29877

Sentence

denotes

A self-report was distributed to 150 patients.

TextSentencer_T251

29878-29900

Sentence

denotes

Ninety were evaluated.

T26408

29878-29900

Sentence

denotes

Ninety were evaluated.

TextSentencer_T252

29901-30014

Sentence

denotes

For 66%, information's given by the clinician were sufficient and for 76% the treatment advice cards were useful.

T18978

29901-30014

Sentence

denotes

For 66%, information's given by the clinician were sufficient and for 76% the treatment advice cards were useful.

TextSentencer_T253

30015-30074

Sentence

denotes

However, 72% of them would like to attend a pharmacy visit.

T31934

30015-30074

Sentence

denotes

However, 72% of them would like to attend a pharmacy visit.

TextSentencer_T254

30075-30198

Sentence

denotes

The topics they would prefer to be tackled were drug interactions (51%), side effects (49%) and effect of forgetting (44%).

T49301

30075-30198

Sentence

denotes

The topics they would prefer to be tackled were drug interactions (51%), side effects (49%) and effect of forgetting (44%).

TextSentencer_T255

30199-30290

Sentence

denotes

The treatment was well accepted and tolerated for, respectively 91 and 65% of the patients.

T17611

30199-30290

Sentence

denotes

The treatment was well accepted and tolerated for, respectively 91 and 65% of the patients.

TextSentencer_T256

30291-30368

Sentence

denotes

The viral load and the CD4 count were well known by, respectively 52 and 46%.

T57048

30291-30368

Sentence

denotes

The viral load and the CD4 count were well known by, respectively 52 and 46%.

TextSentencer_T257

30369-30582

Sentence

denotes

However, inaccurate pattern of treatment was frequent ( !/50%) and bad adherence was observed: treatment forgotten occasionally (60%), regularly (30%) or inadequate attitude when the treatment was forgotten (76%).

T59724

30369-30582

Sentence

denotes

However, inaccurate pattern of treatment was frequent ( !/50%) and bad adherence was observed: treatment forgotten occasionally (60%), regularly (30%) or inadequate attitude when the treatment was forgotten (76%).

TextSentencer_T258

30583-30678

Sentence

denotes

Number of pills, dose frequency, length of the treatment would be risk factors of nonadherence.

T64899

30583-30678

Sentence

denotes

Number of pills, dose frequency, length of the treatment would be risk factors of nonadherence.

TextSentencer_T259

30679-30754

Sentence

denotes

For the majority of patients, a pharmacy visit is necessary and beneficial.

T5049

30679-30754

Sentence

denotes

For the majority of patients, a pharmacy visit is necessary and beneficial.

TextSentencer_T260

30755-30918

Sentence

denotes

The first result shows a better understanding of the treatment, an improvement of the adherence and an enhancement of plasma concentration of antiretroviral drugs.

T50843

30755-30918

Sentence

denotes

The first result shows a better understanding of the treatment, an improvement of the adherence and an enhancement of plasma concentration of antiretroviral drugs.

TextSentencer_T261

30919-31052

Sentence

denotes

In vivo activity of glycopeptides against S. aureus infection in a rabbit endocarditis model: is MIC predictive for in vivo efficacy?

T9590

30919-31052

Sentence

denotes

In vivo activity of glycopeptides against S. aureus infection in a rabbit endocarditis model: is MIC predictive for in vivo efficacy?

TextSentencer_T262

31053-31139

Sentence

denotes

SoA10.3 Asseray N, Caillon J, Lemabecque V, Jacqueline C, Batard E, Potel G, Bugnon D.

T98771

31053-31139

Sentence

denotes

SoA10.3 Asseray N, Caillon J, Lemabecque V, Jacqueline C, Batard E, Potel G, Bugnon D.

TextSentencer_T263

31140-31201

Sentence

denotes

Laboratoire Antibiologie, Faculte de Medecine, Nantes, France

T19361

31140-31201

Sentence

denotes

Laboratoire Antibiologie, Faculte de Medecine, Nantes, France

TextSentencer_T264

31202-31493

Sentence

denotes

We have studied the in vivo efficacy of vancomycin (V) and teicoplanin (T) against five Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains: two methicillin-susceptible (MSSA 1 and 2), two methicillin-resistant (MRSA 3 and 4) and one glycopeptide-intermediate (GISA 5) strain, in a rabbit endocarditis model.

T42610

31202-31493

Sentence

denotes

We have studied the in vivo efficacy of vancomycin (V) and teicoplanin (T) against five Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains: two methicillin-susceptible (MSSA 1 and 2), two methicillin-resistant (MRSA 3 and 4) and one glycopeptide-intermediate (GISA 5) strain, in a rabbit endocarditis model.

TextSentencer_T265

31494-31622

Sentence

denotes

MICs of V and T (V/T) were 0.5/0.25, 1/0.5, 1/1, 0.5/0.5, and 4/8, for MSSA 1, MSSA 2, MRSA 3, MRSA 4, and GISA 5, respectively.

T83724

31494-31622

Sentence

denotes

MICs of V and T (V/T) were 0.5/0.25, 1/0.5, 1/1, 0.5/0.5, and 4/8, for MSSA 1, MSSA 2, MRSA 3, MRSA 4, and GISA 5, respectively.

TextSentencer_T266

31623-31719

Sentence

denotes

The animals were randomly infected with one of these strains, then treated for 2 days by V or T.

T93947

31623-31719

Sentence

denotes

The animals were randomly infected with one of these strains, then treated for 2 days by V or T.

TextSentencer_T267

31720-31795

Sentence

denotes

A continuous infusion of V, simulating a 30 mg/kg/24 h human dose was used.

T85425

31720-31795

Sentence

denotes

A continuous infusion of V, simulating a 30 mg/kg/24 h human dose was used.

TextSentencer_T268

31796-31904

Sentence

denotes

T was infused as a continuous infusion allowing simulating a 6 mg/kg human dose, following an initial bolus.

T13714

31796-31904

Sentence

denotes

T was infused as a continuous infusion allowing simulating a 6 mg/kg human dose, following an initial bolus.

TextSentencer_T269

31905-32014

Sentence

denotes

These regimens achieved clinically relevant serum steady-state concentrations of glycopeptides ( !/20 mg/ l).

T21745

31905-32014

Sentence

denotes

These regimens achieved clinically relevant serum steady-state concentrations of glycopeptides ( !/20 mg/ l).

TextSentencer_T270

32015-32144

Sentence

denotes

Results were as follows: expressed in log CFU/g of vegetations (mean9/SD, followed in parenthesis by the number of rabbits used).

T24013

32015-32144

Sentence

denotes

Results were as follows: expressed in log CFU/g of vegetations (mean9/SD, followed in parenthesis by the number of rabbits used).

TextSentencer_T271

32145-32153

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T17459

32145-32153

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T272

32154-32386

Sentence

denotes

To determine the prevalence of the decreased glycopeptides susceptibility among 187 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus collected from patients hospitalized in Strasbourg University Hospital between 15/01/2000 and 01/03/2000.

T34640

32154-32386

Sentence

denotes

To determine the prevalence of the decreased glycopeptides susceptibility among 187 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus collected from patients hospitalized in Strasbourg University Hospital between 15/01/2000 and 01/03/2000.

TextSentencer_T273

32387-32543

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility to glycopeptides of 38 S. aureus isolates collected from hospital environment during approximately the same period was also investigated.

T8004

32387-32543

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility to glycopeptides of 38 S. aureus isolates collected from hospital environment during approximately the same period was also investigated.

TextSentencer_T274

32544-32552

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T83860

32544-32552

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T275

32553-32632

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility to glycopeptides was studied among the MRSA isolates, using:

T62461

32553-32632

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility to glycopeptides was studied among the MRSA isolates, using:

TextSentencer_T276

32633-32943

Sentence

denotes

Á/ detection of the decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides using agar plates containing 6 mg/l teicoplanin, Á/ detection of hetero-VISA strains using agar plates containing 4 mg/ l vancomycin, Á/ determination of the MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin using the agar dilution and the E -test strips methods.

T3990

32633-32943

Sentence

denotes

Á/ detection of the decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides using agar plates containing 6 mg/l teicoplanin, Á/ detection of hetero-VISA strains using agar plates containing 4 mg/ l vancomycin, Á/ determination of the MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin using the agar dilution and the E -test strips methods.

TextSentencer_T277

32944-32952

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T97041

32944-32952

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T278

32953-33037

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-nine percent of S. aureus clinical isolates (74 out of 187 strains) are MRSA.

T4968

32953-33037

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-nine percent of S. aureus clinical isolates (74 out of 187 strains) are MRSA.

TextSentencer_T279

33038-33081

Sentence

denotes

No VISA or hetero-VISA strain was detected.

T13955

33038-33081

Sentence

denotes

No VISA or hetero-VISA strain was detected.

TextSentencer_T280

33082-33155

Sentence

denotes

Six percent MRSA isolates are teicoplanin intermediate S. aureus strains.

T3753

33082-33155

Sentence

denotes

Six percent MRSA isolates are teicoplanin intermediate S. aureus strains.

TextSentencer_T281

33156-33241

Sentence

denotes

In the environment, 13% S. aureus isolates are methicillinresistant (five out of 38).

T21059

33156-33241

Sentence

denotes

In the environment, 13% S. aureus isolates are methicillinresistant (five out of 38).

TextSentencer_T282

33242-33296

Sentence

denotes

The five strains are all susceptible to glycopeptides.

T26267

33242-33296

Sentence

denotes

The five strains are all susceptible to glycopeptides.

TextSentencer_T283

33297-33308

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T50025

33297-33308

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T284

33309-33357

Sentence

denotes

The results regarding vancomycin are reassuring.

T48384

33309-33357

Sentence

denotes

The results regarding vancomycin are reassuring.

TextSentencer_T285

33358-33516

Sentence

denotes

However, the high rate of MRSA and the presence of teicoplanin intermediate S. aureus isolates prove that prevention and control measures need to be improved.

T25967

33358-33516

Sentence

denotes

However, the high rate of MRSA and the presence of teicoplanin intermediate S. aureus isolates prove that prevention and control measures need to be improved.

TextSentencer_T286

33517-33683

Sentence

denotes

Comparative investigation of polymerase chain reaction and a conventional methods for detection of methicilin resistant Staphylococcus amont clinical isolates SoA10.5

T40260

33517-33683

Sentence

denotes

Comparative investigation of polymerase chain reaction and a conventional methods for detection of methicilin resistant Staphylococcus amont clinical isolates SoA10.5

TextSentencer_T287

33684-33958

Sentence

denotes

Kantardjiev TV a , Vacheva-Dobrevski RS b , Panajotov SV a , Bachvarova AM a , Velinov TI a , Levterova VS a . a National Center of Infectious and parasitic Diseases, Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria , b Military Medical Academy, Clinical Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria Purpose:

T99680

33684-33958

Sentence

denotes

Kantardjiev TV a , Vacheva-Dobrevski RS b , Panajotov SV a , Bachvarova AM a , Velinov TI a , Levterova VS a . a National Center of Infectious and parasitic Diseases, Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria , b Military Medical Academy, Clinical Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria Purpose:

TextSentencer_T288

33959-34091

Sentence

denotes

Identification on methicillin resistant Staphylococci has a great clinical implication and significant impact of antibiotic therapy.

T32503

33959-34091

Sentence

denotes

Identification on methicillin resistant Staphylococci has a great clinical implication and significant impact of antibiotic therapy.

TextSentencer_T289

34092-34229

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study is to compare the disc-diffusion test (DDT), oxacillin agar screen test (OAST) and PCR for detection of mec A gene.

T83414

34092-34229

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study is to compare the disc-diffusion test (DDT), oxacillin agar screen test (OAST) and PCR for detection of mec A gene.

TextSentencer_T290

34230-34386

Sentence

denotes

Fifty selective clinical isolates (41 Staphylococcus aureus and nine S. epidermidis ) determined as methicillin resistant by DDT were enrolled in the study.

T62125

34230-34386

Sentence

denotes

Fifty selective clinical isolates (41 Staphylococcus aureus and nine S. epidermidis ) determined as methicillin resistant by DDT were enrolled in the study.

TextSentencer_T291

34387-34493

Sentence

denotes

DDT was performed with oxacillin disk (1 mkg/ml) on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) without NaCl (NCCLS, 2000) .

T13572

34387-34493

Sentence

denotes

DDT was performed with oxacillin disk (1 mkg/ml) on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) without NaCl (NCCLS, 2000) .

TextSentencer_T292

34494-34563

Sentence

denotes

OAST was performed on MHA with 4% NaCl, oxacillin 6 mkg/ ml, T 35 8C.

T81449

34494-34563

Sentence

denotes

OAST was performed on MHA with 4% NaCl, oxacillin 6 mkg/ ml, T 35 8C.

TextSentencer_T293

34564-34782

Sentence

denotes

These strains was genotypically characterized for the mec A gene presence by PCR method using the mec A 1-5?-AAA ATC CAT GGT AAA GGT TGG C-3? and the mec A 2 Á/5?-AGT TCT GCA GTA CCG GAT TTG C-3? primers (GIBCO, BRL) .

T52931

34564-34782

Sentence

denotes

These strains was genotypically characterized for the mec A gene presence by PCR method using the mec A 1-5?-AAA ATC CAT GGT AAA GGT TGG C-3? and the mec A 2 Á/5?-AGT TCT GCA GTA CCG GAT TTG C-3? primers (GIBCO, BRL) .

TextSentencer_T294

34783-34791

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T76512

34783-34791

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T295

34792-34874

Sentence

denotes

In the group of 50 MRS isolates, detected by PCR, positive results were as follow:

T12581

34792-34874

Sentence

denotes

In the group of 50 MRS isolates, detected by PCR, positive results were as follow:

TextSentencer_T296

34875-34912

Sentence

denotes

23 S. aureus and six S. epidermidis .

T44007

34875-34912

Sentence

denotes

23 S. aureus and six S. epidermidis .

TextSentencer_T297

34913-34981

Sentence

denotes

For six S. aureus isolates DDT and OAST were positive; PCR-negative.

T72972

34913-34981

Sentence

denotes

For six S. aureus isolates DDT and OAST were positive; PCR-negative.

TextSentencer_T298

34982-35078

Sentence

denotes

For two S. aureus and two S. epidermidis isolates PCR was positive; phenotypic methods-negative.

T42660

34982-35078

Sentence

denotes

For two S. aureus and two S. epidermidis isolates PCR was positive; phenotypic methods-negative.

TextSentencer_T299

35079-35091

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T71237

35079-35091

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T300

35092-35169

Sentence

denotes

Accurate and rapid detection of MRS is a constant challenge for laboratories.

T91440

35092-35169

Sentence

denotes

Accurate and rapid detection of MRS is a constant challenge for laboratories.

TextSentencer_T301

35170-35398

Sentence

denotes

The PCR assay (first time in our country) appears to be more reliable than routine susceptibility testing for the rapid diagnosis of MRSA infections at hospitals, particularly due to the heterogeneous resistance of many strains.

T66831

35170-35398

Sentence

denotes

The PCR assay (first time in our country) appears to be more reliable than routine susceptibility testing for the rapid diagnosis of MRSA infections at hospitals, particularly due to the heterogeneous resistance of many strains.

TextSentencer_T302

35399-35469

Sentence

denotes

7.39/1.7 (6) 9.79/0.9 (5) 8.79/0.9 (5) 8.49/1.3 (8) 8.29/1.1 (4) V 3 .

T45980

35399-35469

Sentence

denotes

7.39/1.7 (6) 9.79/0.9 (5) 8.79/0.9 (5) 8.49/1.3 (8) 8.29/1.1 (4) V 3 .

TextSentencer_T303

35470-35541

Sentence

denotes

0 9/1.3* (7) 8.39/1.5 (5) 3.09/0.9* (4) 6.69/1.6 (6) 6.79/1.9 (6) T 3 .

T80784

35470-35541

Sentence

denotes

0 9/1.3* (7) 8.39/1.5 (5) 3.09/0.9* (4) 6.69/1.6 (6) 6.79/1.9 (6) T 3 .

TextSentencer_T304

35542-35607

Sentence

denotes

0 9/0.6* (4) 7.59/0.4 (4) 4.59/1.6* (6) 8.29/0.6 (4) 5.79/1.9 (6)

T20483

35542-35607

Sentence

denotes

0 9/0.6* (4) 7.59/0.4 (4) 4.59/1.6* (6) 8.29/0.6 (4) 5.79/1.9 (6)

TextSentencer_T305

35608-35746

Sentence

denotes

Distribution and antibiotic susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from suspected urinary tract infections of inpatients in Hungary SoA13.2

T52970

35608-35746

Sentence

denotes

Distribution and antibiotic susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from suspected urinary tract infections of inpatients in Hungary SoA13.2

TextSentencer_T306

35747-35821

Sentence

denotes

Rozgonyi F, Csukás Z, Kamotsay K, Szabó D, Ostorházi E, Berek Z, Maródi C.

T15764

35747-35821

Sentence

denotes

Rozgonyi F, Csukás Z, Kamotsay K, Szabó D, Ostorházi E, Berek Z, Maródi C.

TextSentencer_T307

35822-35897

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

T56290

35822-35897

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

TextSentencer_T308

35898-36074

Sentence

denotes

Between l January 1997 and 31 December 2000, a total of 12, 143 urine samples were cultured 40% as native urine (NU) and 60% as Uricult-Plus (UP) (Orion Diagnostica, Finland) .

T19616

35898-36074

Sentence

denotes

Between l January 1997 and 31 December 2000, a total of 12, 143 urine samples were cultured 40% as native urine (NU) and 60% as Uricult-Plus (UP) (Orion Diagnostica, Finland) .

TextSentencer_T309

36075-36200

Sentence

denotes

Cultivations were negative in 39% of NU and 42% of UP specimens, while contamination was revealed in 20% of NU and 30% of UP.

T46934

36075-36200

Sentence

denotes

Cultivations were negative in 39% of NU and 42% of UP specimens, while contamination was revealed in 20% of NU and 30% of UP.

TextSentencer_T310

36201-36424

Sentence

denotes

In the clinical bacteriologically evaluable positive 1726 NU and 1656 UP cultures, the distribution of the Gram-negatives was very similar with the predominance of Escherichia coli (43 and 41%) followed by Enterobacter spp.

T40524

36201-36424

Sentence

denotes

In the clinical bacteriologically evaluable positive 1726 NU and 1656 UP cultures, the distribution of the Gram-negatives was very similar with the predominance of Escherichia coli (43 and 41%) followed by Enterobacter spp.

TextSentencer_T311

36425-36519

Sentence

denotes

The distribution of Gram-positives differed significantly according to the types of specimens.

T42720

36425-36519

Sentence

denotes

The distribution of Gram-positives differed significantly according to the types of specimens.

TextSentencer_T312

36520-36615

Sentence

denotes

NU resulted in 13% Group-D and 6% group-B Streptococcus while UP did 22 and 1.5%, respectively.

T2850

36520-36615

Sentence

denotes

NU resulted in 13% Group-D and 6% group-B Streptococcus while UP did 22 and 1.5%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T313

36616-36767

Sentence

denotes

Third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolons were equally very effective against E. coli strains, while ampicillin inhibited growth of 42% only.

T24080

36616-36767

Sentence

denotes

Third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolons were equally very effective against E. coli strains, while ampicillin inhibited growth of 42% only.

TextSentencer_T314

36768-36864

Sentence

denotes

Carbapenems, cefepime and the fluoroquinolons were the most active against Enterobacter strains.

T48349

36768-36864

Sentence

denotes

Carbapenems, cefepime and the fluoroquinolons were the most active against Enterobacter strains.

TextSentencer_T315

36865-36982

Sentence

denotes

Interestingly, trimethoprim'/ sulfarmetoxazole combination could inhibit more than 75% of Enterobacteriaceae strains.

T40898

36865-36982

Sentence

denotes

Interestingly, trimethoprim'/ sulfarmetoxazole combination could inhibit more than 75% of Enterobacteriaceae strains.

TextSentencer_T316

36983-37115

Sentence

denotes

Piperacillin'/tazobactam (89%), imipenem (83%), and ciprofloxacin (82%) could be the drog of choice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

T56919

36983-37115

Sentence

denotes

Piperacillin'/tazobactam (89%), imipenem (83%), and ciprofloxacin (82%) could be the drog of choice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

TextSentencer_T317

37116-37260

Sentence

denotes

Enterococcus strains were highly sensitive to glycopeptides (100%), nitrofurantoin (99%), imipenem (95%) and amoxicillin'/clavulanic acid (94%).

T92209

37116-37260

Sentence

denotes

Enterococcus strains were highly sensitive to glycopeptides (100%), nitrofurantoin (99%), imipenem (95%) and amoxicillin'/clavulanic acid (94%).

TextSentencer_T318

37261-37383

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial susceptibility levels of Escherichia coli isolates cultured from urine at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

T87323

37261-37383

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial susceptibility levels of Escherichia coli isolates cultured from urine at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

TextSentencer_T319

37384-37487

Sentence

denotes

Temporal trend and comparison between community-acquired and nosocomial urinary tract infection SoA13.3

T64981

37384-37487

Sentence

denotes

Temporal trend and comparison between community-acquired and nosocomial urinary tract infection SoA13.3

TextSentencer_T320

37488-37542

Sentence

denotes

Nanetti A, Manfredi R, Valentini R, Calza L, Chiodo F.

T6020

37488-37542

Sentence

denotes

Nanetti A, Manfredi R, Valentini R, Calza L, Chiodo F.

TextSentencer_T321

37543-37602

Sentence

denotes

Uni versity of Bologna, Infectious Diseases, Bologna, Italy

T5434

37543-37602

Sentence

denotes

Uni versity of Bologna, Infectious Diseases, Bologna, Italy

TextSentencer_T322

37603-37882

Sentence

denotes

In order to assess the local temporal trend of antibiotic sensitivity of the most common urinary tract bacterial pathogen, all urine-cultured Escherichia coli isolates were reviewed as to susceptibility profile, and specimen source (community-versus hospital-acquired infection).

T93757

37603-37882

Sentence

denotes

In order to assess the local temporal trend of antibiotic sensitivity of the most common urinary tract bacterial pathogen, all urine-cultured Escherichia coli isolates were reviewed as to susceptibility profile, and specimen source (community-versus hospital-acquired infection).

TextSentencer_T323

37883-38160

Sentence

denotes

When evaluating sensitivity levels of 2070 community-acquired pathogens (1999 Á/2001), a significant resistance rise was limited to cotrimoxazole (P B/0.01) and nalidixic acid (P B/0.02), while a tendency towards increased resistance regarded norfloxacin (P 0/ 0.05) (Fig. 1) .

T87584

37883-38160

Sentence

denotes

When evaluating sensitivity levels of 2070 community-acquired pathogens (1999 Á/2001), a significant resistance rise was limited to cotrimoxazole (P B/0.01) and nalidixic acid (P B/0.02), while a tendency towards increased resistance regarded norfloxacin (P 0/ 0.05) (Fig. 1) .

TextSentencer_T324

38161-38557

Sentence

denotes

When 1570 community-acquired E. coli isolates were compared with 2687 nosocomial strains (tested in the years 2000 Á/ 2001), a greater susceptibility of community-acquired E. coli isolates was limited to cotrimoxazole versus all other compounds in the year 2000 (P B/0.03), while it was extended to amoxicillin, cephalotin, nitrofurantoin and piperacillin in the year 2001 (P B/0.0001) (Fig. 2) .

T26819

38161-38557

Sentence

denotes

When 1570 community-acquired E. coli isolates were compared with 2687 nosocomial strains (tested in the years 2000 Á/ 2001), a greater susceptibility of community-acquired E. coli isolates was limited to cotrimoxazole versus all other compounds in the year 2000 (P B/0.03), while it was extended to amoxicillin, cephalotin, nitrofurantoin and piperacillin in the year 2001 (P B/0.0001) (Fig. 2) .

TextSentencer_T325

38558-38850

Sentence

denotes

On the whole, E. coli showed an elevated sensitivity rate ( !/90% of tested strains) to nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, amikacin, and 2nd-and 3rd-generation cephalosporins, while only amoxicillin and piperacillin had a mean resistance rate !/30%, regardless of the community or nosocomial origin.

T23844

38558-38850

Sentence

denotes

On the whole, E. coli showed an elevated sensitivity rate ( !/90% of tested strains) to nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, amikacin, and 2nd-and 3rd-generation cephalosporins, while only amoxicillin and piperacillin had a mean resistance rate !/30%, regardless of the community or nosocomial origin.

TextSentencer_T326

38851-39144

Sentence

denotes

A permanent surveillance of sensitivity levels of the most common pathogens responsible for infectious diseases enables to identify local antimicrobial activity and its temporal variations, and plays a key role in starting empiric therapy, pending bacterial identification and in vitro assays.

T8176

38851-39144

Sentence

denotes

A permanent surveillance of sensitivity levels of the most common pathogens responsible for infectious diseases enables to identify local antimicrobial activity and its temporal variations, and plays a key role in starting empiric therapy, pending bacterial identification and in vitro assays.

TextSentencer_T327

39145-39156

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T51623

39145-39156

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T328

39157-39331

Sentence

denotes

In UTI, the antimicrobial agents such as 1st CG combined with aminoglycosides are recommended as initial treatment as well as the 3rd cephalosporin generation at monotherapy.

T67637

39157-39331

Sentence

denotes

In UTI, the antimicrobial agents such as 1st CG combined with aminoglycosides are recommended as initial treatment as well as the 3rd cephalosporin generation at monotherapy.

TextSentencer_T329

39332-39407

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides are effective in UTI.

T85993

39332-39407

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides are effective in UTI.

TextSentencer_T330

39408-39503

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of resistance mutations to antirretrovirals and relation to virological failure S3.4

T79599

39408-39503

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of resistance mutations to antirretrovirals and relation to virological failure S3.4

TextSentencer_T331

39504-39741

Sentence

denotes

Garcia F a , Suarez S a , Alvarez M a , Martinez NM a , Valera B b , Pasquau J b , Hernandez Quero J a , Maroto MC a . a Hospital San Cecilio, Microbiology, Granada, Spain , b Hospital Virgen Nieves, Microbiology, Granada, Spain Purpose:

T39788

39504-39741

Sentence

denotes

Garcia F a , Suarez S a , Alvarez M a , Martinez NM a , Valera B b , Pasquau J b , Hernandez Quero J a , Maroto MC a . a Hospital San Cecilio, Microbiology, Granada, Spain , b Hospital Virgen Nieves, Microbiology, Granada, Spain Purpose:

TextSentencer_T332

39742-40038

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the prevalence of resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (P) genes of HIV and to relate it with the type of virological failure (VF), we have studied 88 patients (11% naïve or pregnant women, 31% were first VF, 23% were second VF, 35% more than two VF.

T57761

39742-40038

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the prevalence of resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (P) genes of HIV and to relate it with the type of virological failure (VF), we have studied 88 patients (11% naïve or pregnant women, 31% were first VF, 23% were second VF, 35% more than two VF.

TextSentencer_T333

40039-40132

Sentence

denotes

Resistance mutations were investigated using Trugene HIV-1 Genotyping Kit (Visible Genetics).

T1388

40039-40132

Sentence

denotes

Resistance mutations were investigated using Trugene HIV-1 Genotyping Kit (Visible Genetics).

TextSentencer_T334

40133-40141

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T17888

40133-40141

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T335

40142-40328

Sentence

denotes

Global prevalence of resistance mutations for RT Inhibitors (RTI) has been !/20% for M41L, D67N, K103N, M184V, L210W, T215YF, and for L10I, M36I, L63P, A71VT, L90M for P Inhibitors (PI).

T9673

40142-40328

Sentence

denotes

Global prevalence of resistance mutations for RT Inhibitors (RTI) has been !/20% for M41L, D67N, K103N, M184V, L210W, T215YF, and for L10I, M36I, L63P, A71VT, L90M for P Inhibitors (PI).

TextSentencer_T336

40329-40489

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of resistance mutations for the naïve patients studied was very low (A98G, V118I for RTI and L10I, M36I, M46I */all n0/1 */and L63P n0/4 for PI).

T11673

40329-40489

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of resistance mutations for the naïve patients studied was very low (A98G, V118I for RTI and L10I, M36I, M46I */all n0/1 */and L63P n0/4 for PI).

TextSentencer_T337

40490-40974

Sentence

denotes

For patients on first VF only K103N, M184V, T215YF (RTI) were !/20%, as well as L10I, D30N, L63P (PI); when patients on second VF were studied, then M41L, E44D, K103N, M184V, G190A, L210W, T215YF, K219QE (RTI) and M36I, L63P, A71T (PI) were !/20% prevalence; finally, when patients with more than two VF were studied, the following resistance mutations were !/20%: M41L, D67N, K70R, K103N, V118I, Y181C, M184V, G190A, L210W, T215YF (RTI), and L10I, M36I, M46IL, L63P, A71T, L90M (PI).

T67527

40490-40974

Sentence

denotes

For patients on first VF only K103N, M184V, T215YF (RTI) were !/20%, as well as L10I, D30N, L63P (PI); when patients on second VF were studied, then M41L, E44D, K103N, M184V, G190A, L210W, T215YF, K219QE (RTI) and M36I, L63P, A71T (PI) were !/20% prevalence; finally, when patients with more than two VF were studied, the following resistance mutations were !/20%: M41L, D67N, K70R, K103N, V118I, Y181C, M184V, G190A, L210W, T215YF (RTI), and L10I, M36I, M46IL, L63P, A71T, L90M (PI).

TextSentencer_T338

40975-40987

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T58386

40975-40987

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T339

40988-41196

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of primary resistance in the population studied is very low; the prevalence of mutations in the reverse transcriptase and protease genes increase in parallel to the type of virological failure.

T89512

40988-41196

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of primary resistance in the population studied is very low; the prevalence of mutations in the reverse transcriptase and protease genes increase in parallel to the type of virological failure.

TextSentencer_T340

41197-41334

Sentence

denotes

Genotypic resistance in HIV-1 RNA from patient plasma compared with rapid virus isolation and phenotypic resistance in patient PBMCs S3.5

T40590

41197-41334

Sentence

denotes

Genotypic resistance in HIV-1 RNA from patient plasma compared with rapid virus isolation and phenotypic resistance in patient PBMCs S3.5

TextSentencer_T341

41335-41379

Sentence

denotes

Stuermer M, Groeschel B, Cinatl J, Doerr HW.

T55221

41335-41379

Sentence

denotes

Stuermer M, Groeschel B, Cinatl J, Doerr HW.

TextSentencer_T342

41380-41470

Sentence

denotes

Institute for Medical Virology, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Objective:

T16340

41380-41470

Sentence

denotes

Institute for Medical Virology, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Objective:

TextSentencer_T343

41471-41573

Sentence

denotes

To compare HIV-1 virus isolation in the presence of antiretroviral drugs with plasma HIV-1 genotyping.

T23678

41471-41573

Sentence

denotes

To compare HIV-1 virus isolation in the presence of antiretroviral drugs with plasma HIV-1 genotyping.

TextSentencer_T344

41574-41653

Sentence

denotes

Materials and methods: HIV-1 genotyping was performed using the ViroSeqTM Vers.

T12913

41574-41653

Sentence

denotes

Materials and methods: HIV-1 genotyping was performed using the ViroSeqTM Vers.

TextSentencer_T345

41654-41680

Sentence

denotes

2 from Applied Biosystems.

T69474

41654-41680

Sentence

denotes

2 from Applied Biosystems.

TextSentencer_T346

41681-41754

Sentence

denotes

Interpretation of genotype was done according to international standards.

T46361

41681-41754

Sentence

denotes

Interpretation of genotype was done according to international standards.

TextSentencer_T347

41755-41949

Sentence

denotes

CD4-cells were purified from patient plasma and cultivated in microtiter plates coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence of different concentrations of antiretroviral drugs.

T94416

41755-41949

Sentence

denotes

CD4-cells were purified from patient plasma and cultivated in microtiter plates coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence of different concentrations of antiretroviral drugs.

TextSentencer_T348

41950-42006

Sentence

denotes

Virus production was measured using a p24 antigen assay.

T17115

41950-42006

Sentence

denotes

Virus production was measured using a p24 antigen assay.

TextSentencer_T349

42007-42080

Sentence

denotes

Phenotypic activity was expressed as 50% reduction of p24 concentrations.

T86622

42007-42080

Sentence

denotes

Phenotypic activity was expressed as 50% reduction of p24 concentrations.

TextSentencer_T350

42081-42089

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T3793

42081-42089

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T351

42090-42122

Sentence

denotes

Seventeen samples were analyzed.

T50919

42090-42122

Sentence

denotes

Seventeen samples were analyzed.

TextSentencer_T352

42123-42263

Sentence

denotes

For 11 samples results were obtained from both methods, two samples could not be analysed by phenotyping and four samples not by genotyping.

T43800

42123-42263

Sentence

denotes

For 11 samples results were obtained from both methods, two samples could not be analysed by phenotyping and four samples not by genotyping.

TextSentencer_T353

42264-42388

Sentence

denotes

Only 3/11 samples showed total and 2/11 samples partial concordance, 6/11 samples showed discordance between the two assays.

T79949

42264-42388

Sentence

denotes

Only 3/11 samples showed total and 2/11 samples partial concordance, 6/11 samples showed discordance between the two assays.

TextSentencer_T354

42389-42455

Sentence

denotes

In discordant samples the genotype gave a definite interpretation.

T13511

42389-42455

Sentence

denotes

In discordant samples the genotype gave a definite interpretation.

TextSentencer_T355

42456-42655

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: HIV-1 virus isolation and phenotyping from PBMCs may overcome the problem of currently used resistance assays, which analyse only the Reverse Transcriptase and the Protease gene of HIV-1.

T54098

42456-42655

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: HIV-1 virus isolation and phenotyping from PBMCs may overcome the problem of currently used resistance assays, which analyse only the Reverse Transcriptase and the Protease gene of HIV-1.

TextSentencer_T356

42656-42791

Sentence

denotes

Possible mutations in other regions may influence viral fitness and therefore contribute to the growth of the virus population present.

T37124

42656-42791

Sentence

denotes

Possible mutations in other regions may influence viral fitness and therefore contribute to the growth of the virus population present.

TextSentencer_T357

42792-42891

Sentence

denotes

The lack of concordance between the two assays is related to the different blood compartments used.

T80817

42792-42891

Sentence

denotes

The lack of concordance between the two assays is related to the different blood compartments used.

TextSentencer_T358

42892-42966

Sentence

denotes

The clinical value of resistance tests using PBMCs is under investigation.

T60443

42892-42966

Sentence

denotes

The clinical value of resistance tests using PBMCs is under investigation.

TextSentencer_T359

42967-43077

Sentence

denotes

Interleukin-6 co-operates with a new type I IFN, IFN-tau to inhibit early steps of HIV-I biological cycle S3.6

T11069

42967-43077

Sentence

denotes

Interleukin-6 co-operates with a new type I IFN, IFN-tau to inhibit early steps of HIV-I biological cycle S3.6

TextSentencer_T360

43078-43326

Sentence

denotes

Rogez C a , Clayette P a , Martin M a , Dereuddre-Bosquet N a , Martal J b , Dormont D c . a CEA, DRM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France , b INRA, Physiologie Animale, Jouy-en-Josas, France , c CEA, CRSSA, EPHE, DRM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Background:

T41507

43078-43326

Sentence

denotes

Rogez C a , Clayette P a , Martin M a , Dereuddre-Bosquet N a , Martal J b , Dormont D c . a CEA, DRM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France , b INRA, Physiologie Animale, Jouy-en-Josas, France , c CEA, CRSSA, EPHE, DRM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Background:

TextSentencer_T361

43327-43465

Sentence

denotes

Type I interferons (IFN) exhibit efficient antiviral activities notably against HIV, but severe side effects restrict their clinical uses.

T42457

43327-43465

Sentence

denotes

Type I interferons (IFN) exhibit efficient antiviral activities notably against HIV, but severe side effects restrict their clinical uses.

TextSentencer_T362

43466-43659

Sentence

denotes

IFN-tau is an ovine or bovine non-cytotoxic type I IFN which displays higher inhibitory effects towards HIV replication than IFN-alpha, particularly in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM).

T51769

43466-43659

Sentence

denotes

IFN-tau is an ovine or bovine non-cytotoxic type I IFN which displays higher inhibitory effects towards HIV replication than IFN-alpha, particularly in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM).

TextSentencer_T363

43660-43934

Sentence

denotes

The antiretroviral activity of IFN-tau seems to involve antiviral and immunomodulatory mechanisms: IL-6 synthesis is increased in dose-dependent manner in MDM treated with IFN-tau and a specific inhibition of IL-6 biological activity decreases its antiretroviral efficiency.

T74217

43660-43934

Sentence

denotes

The antiretroviral activity of IFN-tau seems to involve antiviral and immunomodulatory mechanisms: IL-6 synthesis is increased in dose-dependent manner in MDM treated with IFN-tau and a specific inhibition of IL-6 biological activity decreases its antiretroviral efficiency.

TextSentencer_T364

43935-43943

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T32576

43935-43943

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T365

43944-44060

Sentence

denotes

After a 1-h infection, a significant decrease of intracellular HIV RNA amount was found in MDM treated with IFN-tau.

T67040

43944-44060

Sentence

denotes

After a 1-h infection, a significant decrease of intracellular HIV RNA amount was found in MDM treated with IFN-tau.

TextSentencer_T366

44061-44161

Sentence

denotes

In parallel, no additive inhibition was observed with IFN-tau during the elongation of proviral DNA.

T7155

44061-44161

Sentence

denotes

In parallel, no additive inhibition was observed with IFN-tau during the elongation of proviral DNA.

TextSentencer_T367

44162-44340

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest either an inhibition of HIV nucleocapsid uptake or an immediate HIV RNA degradation, and the expression of 2?,5?-OAS, MxA protein and PKR was then measured.

T31715

44162-44340

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest either an inhibition of HIV nucleocapsid uptake or an immediate HIV RNA degradation, and the expression of 2?,5?-OAS, MxA protein and PKR was then measured.

TextSentencer_T368

44341-44405

Sentence

denotes

IFN-tau induced the expression of these three host cell factors.

T98160

44341-44405

Sentence

denotes

IFN-tau induced the expression of these three host cell factors.

TextSentencer_T369

44406-44562

Sentence

denotes

The role of IL-6 on these different steps was evaluated and we showed that IL-6 co-operates with IFN-tau during the very early step of HIV biological cycle.

T60125

44406-44562

Sentence

denotes

The role of IL-6 on these different steps was evaluated and we showed that IL-6 co-operates with IFN-tau during the very early step of HIV biological cycle.

TextSentencer_T370

44563-44574

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T11544

44563-44574

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T371

44575-44771

Sentence

denotes

Altogether, these results evidence that IFN-tau uses the same antiretroviral pathway as others type I IFN in MDM, and that IL-6 takes part to its inhibition of early steps of HIV biological cycle.

T95673

44575-44771

Sentence

denotes

Altogether, these results evidence that IFN-tau uses the same antiretroviral pathway as others type I IFN in MDM, and that IL-6 takes part to its inhibition of early steps of HIV biological cycle.

TextSentencer_T372

44772-44890

Sentence

denotes

Actinomycin-D as a modulator of resistances due to cell-wall active agents like Bacitracin (Bc) and lysozyme (Lz) S4.7

T7062

44772-44890

Sentence

denotes

Actinomycin-D as a modulator of resistances due to cell-wall active agents like Bacitracin (Bc) and lysozyme (Lz) S4.7

TextSentencer_T373

44891-45054

Sentence

denotes

Chakrabarty AN a , Dastidar SG b . a Calcutta University, Medical Microbiology, Calcutta, India , b Jadavpur University, Pharmaceutical Technology, Calcutta, India

T80580

44891-45054

Sentence

denotes

Chakrabarty AN a , Dastidar SG b . a Calcutta University, Medical Microbiology, Calcutta, India , b Jadavpur University, Pharmaceutical Technology, Calcutta, India

TextSentencer_T374

45055-45228

Sentence

denotes

It was observed that development of Lzr in the Lzr mutants took placed at three different levels and was accompanied with unselected, distinctive and elevated levels of Bcr.

T26373

45055-45228

Sentence

denotes

It was observed that development of Lzr in the Lzr mutants took placed at three different levels and was accompanied with unselected, distinctive and elevated levels of Bcr.

TextSentencer_T375

45229-45304

Sentence

denotes

Similarly, Bcr in Bcr-mutants were also detected at three different levels.

T34262

45229-45304

Sentence

denotes

Similarly, Bcr in Bcr-mutants were also detected at three different levels.

TextSentencer_T376

45305-45511

Sentence

denotes

Although the levels of Bcr (100/200 mg/ml) in the Bcr mutants could be raised only by persistent efforts, an increase in the levels of Lzr (as cross-resistance) in the same mutants could be easily achieved.

T3198

45305-45511

Sentence

denotes

Although the levels of Bcr (100/200 mg/ml) in the Bcr mutants could be raised only by persistent efforts, an increase in the levels of Lzr (as cross-resistance) in the same mutants could be easily achieved.

TextSentencer_T377

45512-45795

Sentence

denotes

A correlation of actinomycin-D resistance with Lzr and Bcr of the mutant bacteria and the effects of lipase treatment on the same showed a 4 Á/20-fold rise in actinomycin-D resistance of the Lzr and Bcr mutants of Gram-positive bacteria compared with their correspondence wild-types.

T42590

45512-45795

Sentence

denotes

A correlation of actinomycin-D resistance with Lzr and Bcr of the mutant bacteria and the effects of lipase treatment on the same showed a 4 Á/20-fold rise in actinomycin-D resistance of the Lzr and Bcr mutants of Gram-positive bacteria compared with their correspondence wild-types.

TextSentencer_T378

45796-46011

Sentence

denotes

These findings suggest that Lzr and Bcr are controlled by several genes accounting for reduced cell-wall and cell-membrane permeability and indirectly, by phenotypic alteration of the lipid content of the cell-wall.

T89086

45796-46011

Sentence

denotes

These findings suggest that Lzr and Bcr are controlled by several genes accounting for reduced cell-wall and cell-membrane permeability and indirectly, by phenotypic alteration of the lipid content of the cell-wall.

TextSentencer_T379

46012-46202

Sentence

denotes

Thus, the alteration of cell-walls and membranes and a phenotypic extra lipid layer can work in conjunction with the efflux pump mechanisms finally determining the levels of drug-resistance.

T11178

46012-46202

Sentence

denotes

Thus, the alteration of cell-walls and membranes and a phenotypic extra lipid layer can work in conjunction with the efflux pump mechanisms finally determining the levels of drug-resistance.

TextSentencer_T380

46203-46332

Sentence

denotes

Experimental development of drug resistance to non-antibiotics: a role of alteration of membrane fluidity and efflux systems S4.8

T64934

46203-46332

Sentence

denotes

Experimental development of drug resistance to non-antibiotics: a role of alteration of membrane fluidity and efflux systems S4.8

TextSentencer_T381

46333-46665

Sentence

denotes

Dastidar SG a , Mazumdar K a , Asok Kumar K a , Chakrabarty AN b . a Jadavpur University, Pharmaceutical Technology, Calcutta, India , b Department of Medical Microbiology, Calcutta University, Calcutta, India Drug resistance among clinical strains was studied by selecting mutants resistant to promazine (Pr) and methdilazine (Md).

T58337

46333-46665

Sentence

denotes

Dastidar SG a , Mazumdar K a , Asok Kumar K a , Chakrabarty AN b . a Jadavpur University, Pharmaceutical Technology, Calcutta, India , b Department of Medical Microbiology, Calcutta University, Calcutta, India Drug resistance among clinical strains was studied by selecting mutants resistant to promazine (Pr) and methdilazine (Md).

TextSentencer_T382

46666-46875

Sentence

denotes

The results showed that successive step-up mutants of Pr and Md developed cross-resistance to several unrelated drugs, which in subsequent steps had broader resistance spectra with higher levels of resistance.

T84182

46666-46875

Sentence

denotes

The results showed that successive step-up mutants of Pr and Md developed cross-resistance to several unrelated drugs, which in subsequent steps had broader resistance spectra with higher levels of resistance.

TextSentencer_T383

46876-47095

Sentence

denotes

Experiments on the membrane fluidity or permeability of bacterial cells using diphenyl hexatrine (DPH), a fluorescent probe on Md-mutants showed that three was marked reduction in the membrane fluidity and permeability.

T9864

46876-47095

Sentence

denotes

Experiments on the membrane fluidity or permeability of bacterial cells using diphenyl hexatrine (DPH), a fluorescent probe on Md-mutants showed that three was marked reduction in the membrane fluidity and permeability.

TextSentencer_T384

47096-47443

Sentence

denotes

When several analogues of the basic phenothiazine structure, e.g. 2-chlor-methyl-N -methyl-pyrrolidine (CMP), methyl-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone-4-carboxylate (MMPC), 3 hydroxymethyl-N -methyl-pyrrolidine (HMP) and Md with final substitution were tested for antibacterial function on different strains, highest activity was observed with respect to Md.

T26716

47096-47443

Sentence

denotes

When several analogues of the basic phenothiazine structure, e.g. 2-chlor-methyl-N -methyl-pyrrolidine (CMP), methyl-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone-4-carboxylate (MMPC), 3 hydroxymethyl-N -methyl-pyrrolidine (HMP) and Md with final substitution were tested for antibacterial function on different strains, highest activity was observed with respect to Md.

TextSentencer_T385

47444-47558

Sentence

denotes

With anaerobic bacteria the resistance(s) dependent on efflux pumps showed higher levels of resistance even to Md.

T41681

47444-47558

Sentence

denotes

With anaerobic bacteria the resistance(s) dependent on efflux pumps showed higher levels of resistance even to Md.

TextSentencer_T386

47559-47728

Sentence

denotes

We have found the non-antibiotic agents triflupromazine, trimeprazine and diclofenac sodium have high degree of activity against vibrios, staphylococci and pseudomonads.

T54433

47559-47728

Sentence

denotes

We have found the non-antibiotic agents triflupromazine, trimeprazine and diclofenac sodium have high degree of activity against vibrios, staphylococci and pseudomonads.

TextSentencer_T387

47729-47818

Sentence

denotes

The explanation of such a phenomenon in terms of possible efflux pumps will be discussed.

T31651

47729-47818

Sentence

denotes

The explanation of such a phenomenon in terms of possible efflux pumps will be discussed.

TextSentencer_T388

47819-47874

Sentence

denotes

CSF, plasma and urine PCR in Lyme neuroborreliosis S7.3

T18337

47819-47874

Sentence

denotes

CSF, plasma and urine PCR in Lyme neuroborreliosis S7.3

TextSentencer_T389

47875-48197

Sentence

denotes

Pícha D a , Moravcová L a , Lásiková Š a , Marešová V a , Ž ïárský E b . a Charles University, 2nd Medical School, 1st Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Prague, Czech Republic , b Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Charles University, 3rd Medical School, 1st Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Prague, Czech Republic

T68823

47875-48197

Sentence

denotes

Pícha D a , Moravcová L a , Lásiková Š a , Marešová V a , Ž ïárský E b . a Charles University, 2nd Medical School, 1st Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Prague, Czech Republic , b Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Charles University, 3rd Medical School, 1st Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Prague, Czech Republic

TextSentencer_T390

48198-48314

Sentence

denotes

The main reason for high diagnostic value of PCR in neuroborreliosis (NB) is the direct way of spirochete detection.

T6717

48198-48314

Sentence

denotes

The main reason for high diagnostic value of PCR in neuroborreliosis (NB) is the direct way of spirochete detection.

TextSentencer_T391

48315-48445

Sentence

denotes

Two sets of primers in nested PCR were used: one for plasmide gene encoding OspC protein and second for chromosomal gene 16S rDNA.

T60335

48315-48445

Sentence

denotes

Two sets of primers in nested PCR were used: one for plasmide gene encoding OspC protein and second for chromosomal gene 16S rDNA.

TextSentencer_T392

48446-48578

Sentence

denotes

So far 25 patients with clinically manifested involvement in NB were enrolled into the prospective designed study (being continued).

T51648

48446-48578

Sentence

denotes

So far 25 patients with clinically manifested involvement in NB were enrolled into the prospective designed study (being continued).

TextSentencer_T393

48579-48720

Sentence

denotes

The main including criterion was positive prove of intrathecal specific antibody secretion (in 22 patients) and PCR positivity in CSF (in 3).

T50589

48579-48720

Sentence

denotes

The main including criterion was positive prove of intrathecal specific antibody secretion (in 22 patients) and PCR positivity in CSF (in 3).

TextSentencer_T394

48721-48885

Sentence

denotes

All patients were repeatedly examined by neurologist and samples of CSF, plasma and urine were taken: (1) before treatment; (2) after treatment; (3) after 3 months.

T28111

48721-48885

Sentence

denotes

All patients were repeatedly examined by neurologist and samples of CSF, plasma and urine were taken: (1) before treatment; (2) after treatment; (3) after 3 months.

TextSentencer_T395

48886-48972

Sentence

denotes

Before treatment were 12 patients PCR positive in CSF, six in plasma, and 10 in urine.

T13226

48886-48972

Sentence

denotes

Before treatment were 12 patients PCR positive in CSF, six in plasma, and 10 in urine.

TextSentencer_T396

48973-49053

Sentence

denotes

Five were parallel positive in CSF and plasma and four in all three body fluids.

T91706

48973-49053

Sentence

denotes

Five were parallel positive in CSF and plasma and four in all three body fluids.

TextSentencer_T397

49054-49149

Sentence

denotes

Urine after treatment was positive in seven (28%) cases and completely negative after 3 months.

T45272

49054-49149

Sentence

denotes

Urine after treatment was positive in seven (28%) cases and completely negative after 3 months.

TextSentencer_T398

49150-49258

Sentence

denotes

The PCR has had relative high sensitivity (44 %), but does not rich the sensitivity of antibody index (88%).

T71414

49150-49258

Sentence

denotes

The PCR has had relative high sensitivity (44 %), but does not rich the sensitivity of antibody index (88%).

TextSentencer_T399

49259-49299

Sentence

denotes

Supported by grant MZCR 6244; 111300003.

T88266

49259-49299

Sentence

denotes

Supported by grant MZCR 6244; 111300003.

TextSentencer_T400

49300-49391

Sentence

denotes

Consumption of imipenem correlates with b-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa S12.5

T98325

49300-49391

Sentence

denotes

Consumption of imipenem correlates with b-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa S12.5

TextSentencer_T401

49392-49654

Sentence

denotes

Lepper PM a , Hö gel J b , Trautmann M a , Grusa E c . a Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of ULM, ULM, Germany , b Department of Biostatistics, University of ULM, ULM, Germany , c Hospital Memmingen, Central Pharmacy, Memmingen, Germany

T20819

49392-49654

Sentence

denotes

Lepper PM a , Hö gel J b , Trautmann M a , Grusa E c . a Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of ULM, ULM, Germany , b Department of Biostatistics, University of ULM, ULM, Germany , c Hospital Memmingen, Central Pharmacy, Memmingen, Germany

TextSentencer_T402

49655-49663

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T58173

49655-49663

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T403

49664-49871

Sentence

denotes

In the present study we investigated the monthly consume of three anti-pseudomonas-active antibiotics, namely imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam (PT) and ceftazidime during a period of 3 years (1997 Á/2000) .

T14874

49664-49871

Sentence

denotes

In the present study we investigated the monthly consume of three anti-pseudomonas-active antibiotics, namely imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam (PT) and ceftazidime during a period of 3 years (1997 Á/2000) .

TextSentencer_T404

49872-49969

Sentence

denotes

The use of these antibiotics was correlated to the rate of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

T58932

49872-49969

Sentence

denotes

The use of these antibiotics was correlated to the rate of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

TextSentencer_T405

49970-49978

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T49983

49970-49978

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T406

49979-50259

Sentence

denotes

Inspection of the time series for use of imipenem, ceftazidime, and PT, and the corresponding time series for resistance (each available from July 1997 to July 2000) indicates a remarkable coincidence between use of imipenem and resistance against the three antibiotics mentioned.

T71907

49979-50259

Sentence

denotes

Inspection of the time series for use of imipenem, ceftazidime, and PT, and the corresponding time series for resistance (each available from July 1997 to July 2000) indicates a remarkable coincidence between use of imipenem and resistance against the three antibiotics mentioned.

TextSentencer_T407

50260-50509

Sentence

denotes

Pearsons's coefficient of correlation for the use of imipenem and the resistance against imipenem was 0.62 (P B/0.001), between imipenem use and PT resistance was 0.57 (P B/0.005), and between imipenem use and ceftazidim resistance 0.56 (P B/0.005).

T91412

50260-50509

Sentence

denotes

Pearsons's coefficient of correlation for the use of imipenem and the resistance against imipenem was 0.62 (P B/0.001), between imipenem use and PT resistance was 0.57 (P B/0.005), and between imipenem use and ceftazidim resistance 0.56 (P B/0.005).

TextSentencer_T408

50510-50681

Sentence

denotes

We found positive regression coefficients quantifying an association with imipenem use in the same month (P B/0.01) and with the use during the preceding month (P B/0.05).

T38874

50510-50681

Sentence

denotes

We found positive regression coefficients quantifying an association with imipenem use in the same month (P B/0.01) and with the use during the preceding month (P B/0.05).

TextSentencer_T409

50682-50838

Sentence

denotes

The same was true when checking dependence of ceftadizime resistance (P B/0.05) and PT resistance (P B/0.01) on imipenem use observed during the same month.

T71550

50682-50838

Sentence

denotes

The same was true when checking dependence of ceftadizime resistance (P B/0.05) and PT resistance (P B/0.01) on imipenem use observed during the same month.

TextSentencer_T410

50839-51018

Sentence

denotes

Neither the use of ceftadizime nor of PT could be identified as factors creating resistance to one of the three antibiotics under consideration within a reasonable period of time.

T70480

50839-51018

Sentence

denotes

Neither the use of ceftadizime nor of PT could be identified as factors creating resistance to one of the three antibiotics under consideration within a reasonable period of time.

TextSentencer_T411

51019-51030

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T80861

51019-51030

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T412

51031-51106

Sentence

denotes

There might be a strong pressure towards resistance created by carbapenems.

T69317

51031-51106

Sentence

denotes

There might be a strong pressure towards resistance created by carbapenems.

TextSentencer_T413

51107-51175

Sentence

denotes

This could limit the use of carbapenems for initial empiric therapy.

T61082

51107-51175

Sentence

denotes

This could limit the use of carbapenems for initial empiric therapy.

TextSentencer_T414

51176-51295

Sentence

denotes

Treat hard and fast: short course antibiotic treatment and its relation with patient compliance and effectiveness S12.6

T16383

51176-51295

Sentence

denotes

Treat hard and fast: short course antibiotic treatment and its relation with patient compliance and effectiveness S12.6

TextSentencer_T415

51296-51535

Sentence

denotes

Perez-Gorricho BPG a , Ripoll M b , Pechere JC c . a Niño Jesus Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain , b INSALUD, Outpatient Consult, Madrid, Spain , c University of Geneve, Microbiology, Geneve, Switzerland 'Treat hard and fast ':

T16181

51296-51535

Sentence

denotes

Perez-Gorricho BPG a , Ripoll M b , Pechere JC c . a Niño Jesus Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain , b INSALUD, Outpatient Consult, Madrid, Spain , c University of Geneve, Microbiology, Geneve, Switzerland 'Treat hard and fast ':

TextSentencer_T416

51536-51629

Sentence

denotes

Short course antibiotic treatment and its relation with patient compliance and effectiveness.

T63296

51536-51629

Sentence

denotes

Short course antibiotic treatment and its relation with patient compliance and effectiveness.

TextSentencer_T417

51630-51938

Sentence

denotes

Finding the important implications for the way in which physicians manage patients with mild Á/moderate respiratory tract infections, and the relation of this management with the perception of antibiotic effectiveness, and the compliance with the antibiotic regimen has been the main purpose of the research.

T71252

51630-51938

Sentence

denotes

Finding the important implications for the way in which physicians manage patients with mild Á/moderate respiratory tract infections, and the relation of this management with the perception of antibiotic effectiveness, and the compliance with the antibiotic regimen has been the main purpose of the research.

TextSentencer_T418

51939-52241

Sentence

denotes

In a pan-European market research study of more than 3000 patients, designed to determine behaviour to the antibiotic management of mild-moderate respiratory tract infections, patient expectations of antibiotic therapy were identified, particularly those aspects that relate to efficacy and compliance.

T68592

51939-52241

Sentence

denotes

In a pan-European market research study of more than 3000 patients, designed to determine behaviour to the antibiotic management of mild-moderate respiratory tract infections, patient expectations of antibiotic therapy were identified, particularly those aspects that relate to efficacy and compliance.

TextSentencer_T419

52242-52429

Sentence

denotes

The study identifies three key drivers of patients perceived antibiotic efficacy: length of antibiotic course, time to onset of symptom relief and time to complete resolution of symptoms.

T94064

52242-52429

Sentence

denotes

The study identifies three key drivers of patients perceived antibiotic efficacy: length of antibiotic course, time to onset of symptom relief and time to complete resolution of symptoms.

TextSentencer_T420

52430-52643

Sentence

denotes

The results demonstrate that once daily treatment for short periods is perceived by patients to be significantly more effective than longer antibiotic courses and thus better meets patient expectations of therapy.

T9859

52430-52643

Sentence

denotes

The results demonstrate that once daily treatment for short periods is perceived by patients to be significantly more effective than longer antibiotic courses and thus better meets patient expectations of therapy.

TextSentencer_T421

52644-52827

Sentence

denotes

In this study, a macrolide, azithromycin, was selected as the drug therapy of shortest course, being the antibiotic with the shortest dosage schedule for common outpatient infections.

T35123

52644-52827

Sentence

denotes

In this study, a macrolide, azithromycin, was selected as the drug therapy of shortest course, being the antibiotic with the shortest dosage schedule for common outpatient infections.

TextSentencer_T422

52828-53008

Sentence

denotes

The perception of efficacy with short course therapy also correlates with overall satisfaction with management by the physician and with patient compliance with antibiotic therapy.

T51255

52828-53008

Sentence

denotes

The perception of efficacy with short course therapy also correlates with overall satisfaction with management by the physician and with patient compliance with antibiotic therapy.

TextSentencer_T423

53009-53030

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

T34743

53009-53030

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T424

53031-53102

Sentence

denotes

Group B streptococci (GBS) remain a major cause of neonatal infections.

T53992

53031-53102

Sentence

denotes

Group B streptococci (GBS) remain a major cause of neonatal infections.

TextSentencer_T425

53103-53262

Sentence

denotes

Consensus guidelines have recommended an intrapartum antibioprophylaxis by amoxicillin, which has reduced the incidence of early-onset neonatal GBS infections.

T62013

53103-53262

Sentence

denotes

Consensus guidelines have recommended an intrapartum antibioprophylaxis by amoxicillin, which has reduced the incidence of early-onset neonatal GBS infections.

TextSentencer_T426

53263-53368

Sentence

denotes

However, an increased incidence of beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative neonatal sepsis has been reported.

T29918

53263-53368

Sentence

denotes

However, an increased incidence of beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative neonatal sepsis has been reported.

TextSentencer_T427

53369-53502

Sentence

denotes

The aim of our study was to analyse the consequences of this antibioprophylaxis on the intestinal microbial colonization of newborns.

T59232

53369-53502

Sentence

denotes

The aim of our study was to analyse the consequences of this antibioprophylaxis on the intestinal microbial colonization of newborns.

TextSentencer_T428

53503-53697

Sentence

denotes

A study of the fecal flora was carried out on 50 stools samples from 3 days-old newborns divided into groups: group A intrapartum treated mothers (n 0/25); and group B untreated mothers (n0/25).

T69981

53503-53697

Sentence

denotes

A study of the fecal flora was carried out on 50 stools samples from 3 days-old newborns divided into groups: group A intrapartum treated mothers (n 0/25); and group B untreated mothers (n0/25).

TextSentencer_T429

53698-53844

Sentence

denotes

Both groups were matched with regards to known factors affecting intestinal microbial colonization: gestational age, type of delivery and feeding.

T54740

53698-53844

Sentence

denotes

Both groups were matched with regards to known factors affecting intestinal microbial colonization: gestational age, type of delivery and feeding.

TextSentencer_T430

53845-53853

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T55668

53845-53853

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T431

53854-54050

Sentence

denotes

Colonization by enterobacteria and enterococci was not significantly different and occurrence of amoxicillin-resistant enterobacteria was similar (11/13 and 13/16 in groups A and B, respectively).

T44631

53854-54050

Sentence

denotes

Colonization by enterobacteria and enterococci was not significantly different and occurrence of amoxicillin-resistant enterobacteria was similar (11/13 and 13/16 in groups A and B, respectively).

TextSentencer_T432

54051-54207

Sentence

denotes

However, the colonization by clostridia was modified: the number of newborns colonized was significantly less important in group A than in group B (group A:

T95217

54051-54207

Sentence

denotes

However, the colonization by clostridia was modified: the number of newborns colonized was significantly less important in group A than in group B (group A:

TextSentencer_T433

54208-54225

Sentence

denotes

3/25 and group B:

T81681

54208-54225

Sentence

denotes

3/25 and group B:

TextSentencer_T434

54226-54242

Sentence

denotes

10/25 P B/0.05).

T79654

54226-54242

Sentence

denotes

10/25 P B/0.05).

TextSentencer_T435

54243-54254

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T7643

54243-54254

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T436

54255-54436

Sentence

denotes

In our study, intrapartum antibioprophylaxis did not affect intestinal colonization by aerobes but reduced significantly colonization by clostridia, potentially anaerobic pathogens.

T49171

54255-54436

Sentence

denotes

In our study, intrapartum antibioprophylaxis did not affect intestinal colonization by aerobes but reduced significantly colonization by clostridia, potentially anaerobic pathogens.

TextSentencer_T437

54437-54631

Sentence

denotes

Impact of an antibiotic policy restricting the use of b-lactams and macrolides on the incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in general medical, renal and elderly patients S12.8

T62015

54437-54631

Sentence

denotes

Impact of an antibiotic policy restricting the use of b-lactams and macrolides on the incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in general medical, renal and elderly patients S12.8

TextSentencer_T438

54632-54908

Sentence

denotes

Boswell TC a , Pacey S b , Broomfield S c , Westmoreland D c , Yates C c . a Nottingham City Hospital, Microbiology, Nottingham, UK , b Nottingham City Hospital, Pharmacy, Nottingham, UK , c Nottingham City Hospital, Infection Control, Nottingham, UK The purpose of the study:

T89144

54632-54908

Sentence

denotes

Boswell TC a , Pacey S b , Broomfield S c , Westmoreland D c , Yates C c . a Nottingham City Hospital, Microbiology, Nottingham, UK , b Nottingham City Hospital, Pharmacy, Nottingham, UK , c Nottingham City Hospital, Infection Control, Nottingham, UK The purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T439

54909-55156

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the short-term impact of a new antibiotic policy for the treatment of urinary and respiratory infections on the incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in hospitalised medical, elderly care and renal patients.

T82717

54909-55156

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the short-term impact of a new antibiotic policy for the treatment of urinary and respiratory infections on the incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in hospitalised medical, elderly care and renal patients.

TextSentencer_T440

55157-55178

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained:

T65873

55157-55178

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained:

TextSentencer_T441

55179-55413

Sentence

denotes

A policy restricting the use of b-lactams (except parenteral penicillin), and promoting alternative antibiotics including levofloxacin for pneumonia, and doxycycline for non-pneumonic respiratory infections, was launched in July 2000.

T45778

55179-55413

Sentence

denotes

A policy restricting the use of b-lactams (except parenteral penicillin), and promoting alternative antibiotics including levofloxacin for pneumonia, and doxycycline for non-pneumonic respiratory infections, was launched in July 2000.

TextSentencer_T442

55414-55591

Sentence

denotes

As a result there was a significant and sustained reduction in use of aminopenicillins, cefuroxime and macrolides, with a corresponding increase in doxycycline and levofloxacin.

T13167

55414-55591

Sentence

denotes

As a result there was a significant and sustained reduction in use of aminopenicillins, cefuroxime and macrolides, with a corresponding increase in doxycycline and levofloxacin.

TextSentencer_T443

55592-55725

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of CDAD was determined during the 1st 12 months of the new policy and compared to the last 12 months of the old policy.

T25050

55592-55725

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of CDAD was determined during the 1st 12 months of the new policy and compared to the last 12 months of the old policy.

TextSentencer_T444

55726-55851

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of CDAD fell from 10.02 to 4.91 per 1000 patients, and from 1.2 to 0.59 per 1000 in-patient days (P B/0.00001).

T14434

55726-55851

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of CDAD fell from 10.02 to 4.91 per 1000 patients, and from 1.2 to 0.59 per 1000 in-patient days (P B/0.00001).

TextSentencer_T445

55852-55995

Sentence

denotes

In contrast, there was no change in the incidence of CDAD in other specialties (surgery, oncology etc.) that had not introduced the new policy.

T16124

55852-55995

Sentence

denotes

In contrast, there was no change in the incidence of CDAD in other specialties (surgery, oncology etc.) that had not introduced the new policy.

TextSentencer_T446

55996-56145

Sentence

denotes

There was no change in the incidence of nosocomial bacteraemia with quinolone-resistant coliforms or MRSA, despite the increased use of levofloxacin.

T82942

55996-56145

Sentence

denotes

There was no change in the incidence of nosocomial bacteraemia with quinolone-resistant coliforms or MRSA, despite the increased use of levofloxacin.

TextSentencer_T447

56146-56158

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T71764

56146-56158

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T448

56159-56293

Sentence

denotes

Hospital-wide reduction of b-lactam and macrolide use in medical patients can result in a significant and immediate reduction in CDAD.

T7471

56159-56293

Sentence

denotes

Hospital-wide reduction of b-lactam and macrolide use in medical patients can result in a significant and immediate reduction in CDAD.

TextSentencer_T449

56294-56354

Sentence

denotes

Longer follow-up will determine if this effect is sustained.

T61010

56294-56354

Sentence

denotes

Longer follow-up will determine if this effect is sustained.

TextSentencer_T450

56355-56485

Sentence

denotes

Use of imipenem/cilastatin i.v. (tienam i.v.) for the treatment of low respiratory tract infections in intensive care units S12.10

T43604

56355-56485

Sentence

denotes

Use of imipenem/cilastatin i.v. (tienam i.v.) for the treatment of low respiratory tract infections in intensive care units S12.10

TextSentencer_T451

56486-56661

Sentence

denotes

Izzo L a , Orsetti R b , Boschetto A a , Binda B a , Della Casa U a , Caramanico L a , La Mazza A a . a Department of Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza','P.

T86599

56486-56661

Sentence

denotes

Izzo L a , Orsetti R b , Boschetto A a , Binda B a , Della Casa U a , Caramanico L a , La Mazza A a . a Department of Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza','P.

TextSentencer_T452

56662-56690

Sentence

denotes

Valdoni', Rome, Italy , b S.

T46924

56662-56690

Sentence

denotes

Valdoni', Rome, Italy , b S.

TextSentencer_T453

56691-56742

Sentence

denotes

Camillo-Forlanini, Intensive Care Unit, Rome, Italy

T21775

56691-56742

Sentence

denotes

Camillo-Forlanini, Intensive Care Unit, Rome, Italy

TextSentencer_T454

56743-57024

Sentence

denotes

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is considered the most frequent infection in the intensive care unit (ICU), occurring in 9 Á/24% of patients intubated for longer than 48 h besides nosocomial pneumonia is a common complication in the critically ill surgical or trauma patient.

T5847

56743-57024

Sentence

denotes

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is considered the most frequent infection in the intensive care unit (ICU), occurring in 9 Á/24% of patients intubated for longer than 48 h besides nosocomial pneumonia is a common complication in the critically ill surgical or trauma patient.

TextSentencer_T455

57025-57149

Sentence

denotes

Inadequate treatment can lead to the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), empyema, and lung abscess.

T22895

57025-57149

Sentence

denotes

Inadequate treatment can lead to the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), empyema, and lung abscess.

TextSentencer_T456

57150-57371

Sentence

denotes

The most important aetiological agents both in VAP and in pneumonia which arise as complication in surgical or trauma patients are bacteria, whit a marked predominance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

T90378

57150-57371

Sentence

denotes

The most important aetiological agents both in VAP and in pneumonia which arise as complication in surgical or trauma patients are bacteria, whit a marked predominance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

TextSentencer_T457

57372-57635

Sentence

denotes

The Authors present their experience (30 cases) on the employment of imipenem/cilastatin i.v. (tienam i. v.) as initial empirical monotherapy at the dose of 500 mg)/3/day or 1 g)/3/ day for the treatment of the serious lower respiratory tract infection in an ICU.

T13141

57372-57635

Sentence

denotes

The Authors present their experience (30 cases) on the employment of imipenem/cilastatin i.v. (tienam i. v.) as initial empirical monotherapy at the dose of 500 mg)/3/day or 1 g)/3/ day for the treatment of the serious lower respiratory tract infection in an ICU.

TextSentencer_T458

57636-57838

Sentence

denotes

Tienam is a well tolerated broad spectrum antibacterial agent that is effective against the majority of gram-positive and gram negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including most Pseudomonas species.

T38593

57636-57838

Sentence

denotes

Tienam is a well tolerated broad spectrum antibacterial agent that is effective against the majority of gram-positive and gram negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including most Pseudomonas species.

TextSentencer_T459

57839-58135

Sentence

denotes

Except one patient deceased for causes related to his very poor general conditions and three cases in which has been necessary the addition of an aminoglycoside, in all the other patients the imipenem/ cilastatin (tienam) monotherapy has shown satisfactory clinical and bacteriological responses.

T52679

57839-58135

Sentence

denotes

Except one patient deceased for causes related to his very poor general conditions and three cases in which has been necessary the addition of an aminoglycoside, in all the other patients the imipenem/ cilastatin (tienam) monotherapy has shown satisfactory clinical and bacteriological responses.

TextSentencer_T460

58136-58217

Sentence

denotes

Clinical auditing of the impact of recommendations on antibiotic treatment S12.11

T71174

58136-58217

Sentence

denotes

Clinical auditing of the impact of recommendations on antibiotic treatment S12.11

TextSentencer_T461

58218-58401

Sentence

denotes

Kinoo J a , David-Ouaknine F a , Hacquard B a , Echard Y a , Decazes JM b . a Centre Hospitalier Lagny Marne la Vallée, Lagny sur Marne, France , b Hospital Saint Louis, Paris, France

T56749

58218-58401

Sentence

denotes

Kinoo J a , David-Ouaknine F a , Hacquard B a , Echard Y a , Decazes JM b . a Centre Hospitalier Lagny Marne la Vallée, Lagny sur Marne, France , b Hospital Saint Louis, Paris, France

TextSentencer_T462

58402-58577

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of curative antibiotic recommendations on suitable prescriptions at Lagny-Marne la Vallée Hospital (general hospital, 714 beds).

T98860

58402-58577

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of curative antibiotic recommendations on suitable prescriptions at Lagny-Marne la Vallée Hospital (general hospital, 714 beds).

TextSentencer_T463

58578-58815

Sentence

denotes

Two prospective exhaustive audits were made (all complete hospitalizations, excluding psychiatry, February Á/May 1997 and 2000) of the detailed curative antibiotic prescriptions, before and after distribution of internal recommendations.

T50867

58578-58815

Sentence

denotes

Two prospective exhaustive audits were made (all complete hospitalizations, excluding psychiatry, February Á/May 1997 and 2000) of the detailed curative antibiotic prescriptions, before and after distribution of internal recommendations.

TextSentencer_T464

58816-58902

Sentence

denotes

The same methodology, designed by a multidisciplinary team, was used for both periods.

T7285

58816-58902

Sentence

denotes

The same methodology, designed by a multidisciplinary team, was used for both periods.

TextSentencer_T465

58903-58955

Sentence

denotes

The same antibiotics were available at the pharmacy.

T25033

58903-58955

Sentence

denotes

The same antibiotics were available at the pharmacy.

TextSentencer_T466

58956-59153

Sentence

denotes

The prescriptions were assessed by an infectious diseases specialist and a pharmacist using pre-established criteria: literature recommendations (1997 audit), internal recommendations (2000 audit).

T72207

58956-59153

Sentence

denotes

The prescriptions were assessed by an infectious diseases specialist and a pharmacist using pre-established criteria: literature recommendations (1997 audit), internal recommendations (2000 audit).

TextSentencer_T467

59154-59277

Sentence

denotes

Six hundred and fifty-six prescriptions for 498 patients were collected and analysed in 1997, 738 for 497 patients in 2000.

T77438

59154-59277

Sentence

denotes

Six hundred and fifty-six prescriptions for 498 patients were collected and analysed in 1997, 738 for 497 patients in 2000.

TextSentencer_T468

59278-59335

Sentence

denotes

Exhaustivity of the recovered prescriptions was over 95%.

T6811

59278-59335

Sentence

denotes

Exhaustivity of the recovered prescriptions was over 95%.

TextSentencer_T469

59336-59435

Sentence

denotes

Patient characteristics, infection sites and microbiological findings were similar for both groups.

T23814

59336-59435

Sentence

denotes

Patient characteristics, infection sites and microbiological findings were similar for both groups.

TextSentencer_T470

59436-59510

Sentence

denotes

Suitable prescriptions were significantly increased (47 Á/59%, P B/0.001).

T91617

59436-59510

Sentence

denotes

Suitable prescriptions were significantly increased (47 Á/59%, P B/0.001).

TextSentencer_T471

59511-59654

Sentence

denotes

Unsuitable prescriptions (economic reasons, too short or too long course, incorrect administration, or underdosage) were significantly reduced.

T11551

59511-59654

Sentence

denotes

Unsuitable prescriptions (economic reasons, too short or too long course, incorrect administration, or underdosage) were significantly reduced.

TextSentencer_T472

59655-59775

Sentence

denotes

Prescriptions for incorrect indications were unchanged and necessary combined treatment not being prescribed, increased.

T75458

59655-59775

Sentence

denotes

Prescriptions for incorrect indications were unchanged and necessary combined treatment not being prescribed, increased.

TextSentencer_T473

59776-59910

Sentence

denotes

Local recommendations improved prescriptions, but efforts have to be done in order to go on the improvement of the practice behaviour.

T93399

59776-59910

Sentence

denotes

Local recommendations improved prescriptions, but efforts have to be done in order to go on the improvement of the practice behaviour.

TextSentencer_T474

59911-60026

Sentence

denotes

Cost-effectiveness analysis of antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients with COPD Exacerbations (AE-COPD) S12.12

T79980

59911-60026

Sentence

denotes

Cost-effectiveness analysis of antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients with COPD Exacerbations (AE-COPD) S12.12

TextSentencer_T475

60027-60077

Sentence

denotes

Beghi G, Aiolfi S, Maghini L, Patruno V, Aiolfi E.

T78

60027-60077

Sentence

denotes

Beghi G, Aiolfi S, Maghini L, Patruno V, Aiolfi E.

TextSentencer_T476

60078-60154

Sentence

denotes

S Marta Hospital, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, A.O., Rivolta d'Adda, Italy

T34547

60078-60154

Sentence

denotes

S Marta Hospital, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, A.O., Rivolta d'Adda, Italy

TextSentencer_T477

60155-60245

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic costs represent a high burden of total drug costs for hospital administrations.

T12524

60155-60245

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic costs represent a high burden of total drug costs for hospital administrations.

TextSentencer_T478

60246-60391

Sentence

denotes

A scientific approach considering also the economic aspects of each therapeutic decision may gain optimal treatment objectives at pondered costs.

T49780

60246-60391

Sentence

denotes

A scientific approach considering also the economic aspects of each therapeutic decision may gain optimal treatment objectives at pondered costs.

TextSentencer_T479

60392-60518

Sentence

denotes

In our study we retrospectively evaluated the clinical effectiveness and costs of antibiotic therapy in patients with AE-COPD.

T80257

60392-60518

Sentence

denotes

In our study we retrospectively evaluated the clinical effectiveness and costs of antibiotic therapy in patients with AE-COPD.

TextSentencer_T480

60519-60838

Sentence

denotes

From 1997 to 2001 , 1058 Our retrospective study results support previous pharmaco-economic considerations according which in choosing an antibiotic regimen for AE-COPD we must take into consideration the expected clinical and microbiological results without forgetting to consider the economic burden of our decisions.

T85741

60519-60838

Sentence

denotes

From 1997 to 2001 , 1058 Our retrospective study results support previous pharmaco-economic considerations according which in choosing an antibiotic regimen for AE-COPD we must take into consideration the expected clinical and microbiological results without forgetting to consider the economic burden of our decisions.

TextSentencer_T481

60839-60914

Sentence

denotes

Significant increase in fungaemia due to Non-Albicans Candida species S20.4

T58624

60839-60914

Sentence

denotes

Significant increase in fungaemia due to Non-Albicans Candida species S20.4

TextSentencer_T482

60915-60923

Sentence

denotes

Shah PM.

T78915

60915-60923

Sentence

denotes

Shah PM.

TextSentencer_T483

60924-60941

Sentence

denotes

Klinikum der J.W.

T29572

60924-60941

Sentence

denotes

Klinikum der J.W.

TextSentencer_T484

60942-61016

Sentence

denotes

Goethe Universitaet, Schwerpunkt Infektiologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

T88347

60942-61016

Sentence

denotes

Goethe Universitaet, Schwerpunkt Infektiologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

TextSentencer_T485

61017-61097

Sentence

denotes

Until 1996, predominant Candida species in blood cultures was Candida albicans .

T8066

61017-61097

Sentence

denotes

Until 1996, predominant Candida species in blood cultures was Candida albicans .

TextSentencer_T486

61098-61164

Sentence

denotes

It accounted for 72.8% of all Candida species cultured from blood.

T89884

61098-61164

Sentence

denotes

It accounted for 72.8% of all Candida species cultured from blood.

TextSentencer_T487

61165-61254

Sentence

denotes

Since then we have observed a gradual increase in number of non-albicans Candida species.

T99527

61165-61254

Sentence

denotes

Since then we have observed a gradual increase in number of non-albicans Candida species.

TextSentencer_T488

61255-61326

Sentence

denotes

From 1999, onwards nonalbicans Candida species out-number C. albicans .

T6476

61255-61326

Sentence

denotes

From 1999, onwards nonalbicans Candida species out-number C. albicans .

TextSentencer_T489

61327-61530

Sentence

denotes

This observation is especially important as non-albicans Candida species are generally non-susceptible to azole derivatives and empirical use of azoles in suspected Candidaemia should not be recommended.

T74957

61327-61530

Sentence

denotes

This observation is especially important as non-albicans Candida species are generally non-susceptible to azole derivatives and empirical use of azoles in suspected Candidaemia should not be recommended.

TextSentencer_T490

61531-61603

Sentence

denotes

Amphotericin B is uniformally active against almost all Candida species.

T11556

61531-61603

Sentence

denotes

Amphotericin B is uniformally active against almost all Candida species.

TextSentencer_T491

61604-61639

Sentence

denotes

Echinocandin may be an alternative.

T75407

61604-61639

Sentence

denotes

Echinocandin may be an alternative.

TextSentencer_T492

61640-61657

Sentence

denotes

See figure below.

T77007

61640-61657

Sentence

denotes

See figure below.

TextSentencer_T493

61658-61711

Sentence

denotes

A search for newer antifungal chemotherapeutics S20.5

T38521

61658-61711

Sentence

denotes

A search for newer antifungal chemotherapeutics S20.5

TextSentencer_T494

61712-61897

Sentence

denotes

Chakrabarty AN a , Dastidar SG b , Saha B b , Basu L b . a Calcutta University, Medical Microbiology, Calcutta, India , b Jadavpur University, Pharmaceutical Technology, Calcutta, India

T51559

61712-61897

Sentence

denotes

Chakrabarty AN a , Dastidar SG b , Saha B b , Basu L b . a Calcutta University, Medical Microbiology, Calcutta, India , b Jadavpur University, Pharmaceutical Technology, Calcutta, India

TextSentencer_T495

61898-62144

Sentence

denotes

Fungal infections due to the mucor-rhizopus (M-Z) group present formidable problems due to lack of appropriate and effective drugs against them, as seen in increasing number of clinical situations; death due to mycoromycosis is nearly inevitable.

T13964

61898-62144

Sentence

denotes

Fungal infections due to the mucor-rhizopus (M-Z) group present formidable problems due to lack of appropriate and effective drugs against them, as seen in increasing number of clinical situations; death due to mycoromycosis is nearly inevitable.

TextSentencer_T496

62145-62275

Sentence

denotes

We analysed the biological 'weak-spots' of the mucor-rhizopus group and attempted to devise suitable drugs using their weak-spots.

T16859

62145-62275

Sentence

denotes

We analysed the biological 'weak-spots' of the mucor-rhizopus group and attempted to devise suitable drugs using their weak-spots.

TextSentencer_T497

62276-62523

Sentence

denotes

We have noted that like many free-living fungi, the M-Z fungi are facultatively chemoautotrophic (can grow on simple sources of carbon and nitrogen and a solution of mineral salts), like the human pathogenic chemoautotrophic nocardioform bacteria.

T9174

62276-62523

Sentence

denotes

We have noted that like many free-living fungi, the M-Z fungi are facultatively chemoautotrophic (can grow on simple sources of carbon and nitrogen and a solution of mineral salts), like the human pathogenic chemoautotrophic nocardioform bacteria.

TextSentencer_T498

62524-62672

Sentence

denotes

We devised a minimal medium based on that of Davis and Mingioli, supplemented with simple chemical compounds as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen.

T75376

62524-62672

Sentence

denotes

We devised a minimal medium based on that of Davis and Mingioli, supplemented with simple chemical compounds as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen.

TextSentencer_T499

62673-62778

Sentence

denotes

The key chemical here was diphenylamine with trypan blue (DPA Á/TB) and other similar sources of C and N.

T19363

62673-62778

Sentence

denotes

The key chemical here was diphenylamine with trypan blue (DPA Á/TB) and other similar sources of C and N.

TextSentencer_T500

62779-62983

Sentence

denotes

We found that while media free of these chemicals (controls) allowed good growth of different strains of M-Z fungi, a mixture of DPA Á/TB completely prevented their growth over a wide concentration range.

T6529

62779-62983

Sentence

denotes

We found that while media free of these chemicals (controls) allowed good growth of different strains of M-Z fungi, a mixture of DPA Á/TB completely prevented their growth over a wide concentration range.

TextSentencer_T501

62984-63245

Sentence

denotes

Experiments with immunocompromised mice showed that these drugs at the concentrations used are well tolerated; mice experimentally infected with several clinical isolates of M-Z fungi and receiving these chemicals showed that these fungi could not grow in vivo.

T95511

62984-63245

Sentence

denotes

Experiments with immunocompromised mice showed that these drugs at the concentrations used are well tolerated; mice experimentally infected with several clinical isolates of M-Z fungi and receiving these chemicals showed that these fungi could not grow in vivo.

TextSentencer_T502

63246-63347

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of newer fluoroquinolones against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium S33.4

T63904

63246-63347

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of newer fluoroquinolones against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium S33.4

TextSentencer_T503

63348-63390

Sentence

denotes

nolones resistance is being also reported.

T75974

63348-63390

Sentence

denotes

nolones resistance is being also reported.

TextSentencer_T504

63391-63526

Sentence

denotes

We have studied the in vitro activity of b-lactams and fluoroquinolones against multi-drug resistant S. typhimurium from human sources.

T27351

63391-63526

Sentence

denotes

We have studied the in vitro activity of b-lactams and fluoroquinolones against multi-drug resistant S. typhimurium from human sources.

TextSentencer_T505

63527-63548

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T54576

63527-63548

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T506

63549-63754

Sentence

denotes

Fifty multi-drug resistant S. typhimurium were tested against cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefepime, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, by the agar dilution method according NCCLS guidelines.

T98963

63549-63754

Sentence

denotes

Fifty multi-drug resistant S. typhimurium were tested against cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefepime, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, by the agar dilution method according NCCLS guidelines.

TextSentencer_T507

63755-63779

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

T55975

63755-63779

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

TextSentencer_T508

63780-63948

Sentence

denotes

All the strains were resistant to four or more of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides and nalidixic acid.

T72229

63780-63948

Sentence

denotes

All the strains were resistant to four or more of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides and nalidixic acid.

TextSentencer_T509

63949-64036

Sentence

denotes

A high proportion of strains were intermediate or resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate.

T9115

63949-64036

Sentence

denotes

A high proportion of strains were intermediate or resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate.

TextSentencer_T510

64037-64078

Sentence

denotes

We found no resistance to cephalosporins.

T35533

64037-64078

Sentence

denotes

We found no resistance to cephalosporins.

TextSentencer_T511

64079-64158

Sentence

denotes

Nevertheless, 26% were intermediate to first and/or second gen. cephalosporins.

T16742

64079-64158

Sentence

denotes

Nevertheless, 26% were intermediate to first and/or second gen. cephalosporins.

TextSentencer_T512

64159-64226

Sentence

denotes

Cefotaxime and cefepime were the most active cephalosporins (MIC50:

T93539

64159-64226

Sentence

denotes

Cefotaxime and cefepime were the most active cephalosporins (MIC50:

TextSentencer_T513

64227-64237

Sentence

denotes

0.1 mg/l).

T1983

64227-64237

Sentence

denotes

0.1 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T514

64238-64380

Sentence

denotes

Though increasing fluoroquinolones resistance has been described among this kind of strains, no resistance to fluoroquinolones was found here.

T29186

64238-64380

Sentence

denotes

Though increasing fluoroquinolones resistance has been described among this kind of strains, no resistance to fluoroquinolones was found here.

TextSentencer_T515

64381-64437

Sentence

denotes

Levofloxacin was the most active fluoroquinolone (MIC90:

T29524

64381-64437

Sentence

denotes

Levofloxacin was the most active fluoroquinolone (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T516

64438-64479

Sentence

denotes

0.06 mg/l), followed by ofloxacin (MIC90:

T72019

64438-64479

Sentence

denotes

0.06 mg/l), followed by ofloxacin (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T517

64480-64514

Sentence

denotes

0.1 mg/l) and moxifloxacin (MIC90:

T42024

64480-64514

Sentence

denotes

0.1 mg/l) and moxifloxacin (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T518

64515-64525

Sentence

denotes

0.2 mg/l).

T9598

64515-64525

Sentence

denotes

0.2 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T519

64526-64627

Sentence

denotes

High rates of resistance to antibiotics by salmonellae from diarrhoeic children in Zliten-Libya S33.5

T60143

64526-64627

Sentence

denotes

High rates of resistance to antibiotics by salmonellae from diarrhoeic children in Zliten-Libya S33.5

TextSentencer_T520

64628-64972

Sentence

denotes

Ghenghesh KS a , Ben Ali M b , Abuhelfaia A b , Dufani MA a . a Faculty of Medicine, Al-Fateh University, Medical Microbiology, Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , b Faculty of Arts and Sciences, El-Ghomes University, Biology, El-Ghomes, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Salmonellae are major bacterial cause of diarrhoea in Libya particularly in children.

T21333

64628-64972

Sentence

denotes

Ghenghesh KS a , Ben Ali M b , Abuhelfaia A b , Dufani MA a . a Faculty of Medicine, Al-Fateh University, Medical Microbiology, Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , b Faculty of Arts and Sciences, El-Ghomes University, Biology, El-Ghomes, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Salmonellae are major bacterial cause of diarrhoea in Libya particularly in children.

TextSentencer_T521

64973-65088

Sentence

denotes

Included in the present study 23 Salmonella species isolated from 169 children with diarrhoea in Zliten city-Libya.

T97610

64973-65088

Sentence

denotes

Included in the present study 23 Salmonella species isolated from 169 children with diarrhoea in Zliten city-Libya.

TextSentencer_T522

65089-65138

Sentence

denotes

The children aged between a few days to 10 years.

T15367

65089-65138

Sentence

denotes

The children aged between a few days to 10 years.

TextSentencer_T523

65139-65246

Sentence

denotes

The organisms were tested for their susceptibility to antibacterial agents using the disc diffusion method.

T55760

65139-65246

Sentence

denotes

The organisms were tested for their susceptibility to antibacterial agents using the disc diffusion method.

TextSentencer_T524

65247-65596

Sentence

denotes

Of the isolates examined, 23 (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, 22 (95.7%) to amoxicillin Á/clavulanic acid combination, 20 (87%) to cefoxitin, 22 (95.7%) to chloramphenicol, 21 (91.3%) to doxycycline, 18 (78.3%) to gentamicin, 1 (4.3%) to nalidixic acid, 1 (4.3%) to trimethoprim Á/sulphamethoxazole and none (0.0%) were resistant to norfloxacin.

T22226

65247-65596

Sentence

denotes

Of the isolates examined, 23 (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, 22 (95.7%) to amoxicillin Á/clavulanic acid combination, 20 (87%) to cefoxitin, 22 (95.7%) to chloramphenicol, 21 (91.3%) to doxycycline, 18 (78.3%) to gentamicin, 1 (4.3%) to nalidixic acid, 1 (4.3%) to trimethoprim Á/sulphamethoxazole and none (0.0%) were resistant to norfloxacin.

TextSentencer_T525

65597-65760

Sentence

denotes

A strong relationship was observed between the availability of antibiotics in the pharmacies of the city and resistance of the isolated salmonellae to these drugs.

T87222

65597-65760

Sentence

denotes

A strong relationship was observed between the availability of antibiotics in the pharmacies of the city and resistance of the isolated salmonellae to these drugs.

TextSentencer_T526

65761-65929

Sentence

denotes

The misuse of the antibiotics by the community may be an important factor (among others) in the emergence of these high rates of resistance by the salmonellae examined.

T10632

65761-65929

Sentence

denotes

The misuse of the antibiotics by the community may be an important factor (among others) in the emergence of these high rates of resistance by the salmonellae examined.

TextSentencer_T527

65930-66045

Sentence

denotes

Effect of ceftriaxone along with probiotics administration on intestinal ecosystem and betalactamase activity S34.6

T14062

65930-66045

Sentence

denotes

Effect of ceftriaxone along with probiotics administration on intestinal ecosystem and betalactamase activity S34.6

TextSentencer_T528

66046-66263

Sentence

denotes

Bertazzoni Minelli E a , Benini A a , Zoppi G b . a Department of Medicine and Public Health-Pharmacology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy , b Department of Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

T9942

66046-66263

Sentence

denotes

Bertazzoni Minelli E a , Benini A a , Zoppi G b . a Department of Medicine and Public Health-Pharmacology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy , b Department of Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

TextSentencer_T529

66264-66337

Sentence

denotes

Oral bacteriotherapy during antibiotic treatment is a much debated topic.

T71162

66264-66337

Sentence

denotes

Oral bacteriotherapy during antibiotic treatment is a much debated topic.

TextSentencer_T530

66338-66342

Sentence

denotes

Aim:

T24848

66338-66342

Sentence

denotes

Aim:

TextSentencer_T531

66343-66492

Sentence

denotes

To study whether different probiotics can prevent imbalance of the intestinal ecosystem (dysbiosis) in children during therapy with ceftriaxone (Cx).

T27863

66343-66492

Sentence

denotes

To study whether different probiotics can prevent imbalance of the intestinal ecosystem (dysbiosis) in children during therapy with ceftriaxone (Cx).

TextSentencer_T532

66493-66501

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T36124

66493-66501

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T533

66502-66682

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-one children (mean age 5.1 years) with febrile respiratory tract infections were treated with Cx 50 mg/kg/day IV, alone (therapy 1) and along with the following preparations:

T82573

66502-66682

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-one children (mean age 5.1 years) with febrile respiratory tract infections were treated with Cx 50 mg/kg/day IV, alone (therapy 1) and along with the following preparations:

TextSentencer_T534

66683-66936

Sentence

denotes

Saccharomyces boulardii (2); Enterococcus spp. (3); lactulose (4); L. casei GG (5); L. rhamnosus , L. bifidus and L. acidophilus (6); B. bifidum and L. acidophilus (7); and a mixture of various lactobacilli and bifidobacteria at high concentrations (8).

T86670

66683-66936

Sentence

denotes

Saccharomyces boulardii (2); Enterococcus spp. (3); lactulose (4); L. casei GG (5); L. rhamnosus , L. bifidus and L. acidophilus (6); B. bifidum and L. acidophilus (7); and a mixture of various lactobacilli and bifidobacteria at high concentrations (8).

TextSentencer_T535

66937-67084

Sentence

denotes

Faecal samples, collected before and after treatment, were analysed for microflora composition, Cx concentration, and beta-lactamase (BL) activity.

T52437

66937-67084

Sentence

denotes

Faecal samples, collected before and after treatment, were analysed for microflora composition, Cx concentration, and beta-lactamase (BL) activity.

TextSentencer_T536

67085-67093

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T70204

67085-67093

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T537

67094-67125

Sentence

denotes

Cx causes intestinal dysbiosis.

T83110

67094-67125

Sentence

denotes

Cx causes intestinal dysbiosis.

TextSentencer_T538

67126-67152

Sentence

denotes

No C. difficile was found.

T71871

67126-67152

Sentence

denotes

No C. difficile was found.

TextSentencer_T539

67153-67209

Sentence

denotes

Faecal BL increased after therapy in all treated groups.

T81984

67153-67209

Sentence

denotes

Faecal BL increased after therapy in all treated groups.

TextSentencer_T540

67210-67356

Sentence

denotes

Cx alone increased BL activity in 60% (3/5) of children (no activity before treatment); a higher incidence (75 Á/80%) was found in groups 2 and 5.

T67788

67210-67356

Sentence

denotes

Cx alone increased BL activity in 60% (3/5) of children (no activity before treatment); a higher incidence (75 Á/80%) was found in groups 2 and 5.

TextSentencer_T541

67357-67438

Sentence

denotes

After therapies 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8, BL activity was found in 1 or 2 more children.

T97327

67357-67438

Sentence

denotes

After therapies 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8, BL activity was found in 1 or 2 more children.

TextSentencer_T542

67439-67480

Sentence

denotes

Cx was detected in 36% of faecal samples.

T98906

67439-67480

Sentence

denotes

Cx was detected in 36% of faecal samples.

TextSentencer_T543

67481-67493

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T50297

67481-67493

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T544

67494-67622

Sentence

denotes

The probiotics administration seems to protect against dysbiosis caused by Cx and to contain the increase in faecal BL activity.

T12208

67494-67622

Sentence

denotes

The probiotics administration seems to protect against dysbiosis caused by Cx and to contain the increase in faecal BL activity.

TextSentencer_T545

67623-67728

Sentence

denotes

The effects differ according to the probiotic administered and are peculiar to certain bacterial species.

T65728

67623-67728

Sentence

denotes

The effects differ according to the probiotic administered and are peculiar to certain bacterial species.

TextSentencer_T546

67729-67773

Sentence

denotes

These preliminary data need further studies.

T12599

67729-67773

Sentence

denotes

These preliminary data need further studies.

TextSentencer_T547

67774-67871

Sentence

denotes

Comparative study of initial and acquired drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran S37.4

T5855

67774-67871

Sentence

denotes

Comparative study of initial and acquired drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran S37.4

TextSentencer_T548

67872-67909

Sentence

denotes

Mansoori D, Arami S, Mirabolhasani Z.

T5307

67872-67909

Sentence

denotes

Mansoori D, Arami S, Mirabolhasani Z.

TextSentencer_T549

67910-67979

Sentence

denotes

NRITLD, infectious disease, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Purpose:

T83837

67910-67979

Sentence

denotes

NRITLD, infectious disease, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Purpose:

TextSentencer_T550

67980-68120

Sentence

denotes

Resistant to anti-tuberculosis agents particularly multiple drug resistant (MDR) is a major obstacle in treatment tuberculosis in the world.

T57033

67980-68120

Sentence

denotes

Resistant to anti-tuberculosis agents particularly multiple drug resistant (MDR) is a major obstacle in treatment tuberculosis in the world.

TextSentencer_T551

68121-68623

Sentence

denotes

Between September 1996 and March 2000 for 273 smear and culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients (old 0/86, new0/ 187) pretreatment susceptibility tests of isolated bacilli to INH, RIF, EMB and STM were performed by standard proportional method and the results were attributed to three groups: (I) newly diagnosed without any history of treatment; (II) patients with history of treatment for one course; (III) patients with history of treatment for two or more courses supposed to be MDR cases.

T9659

68121-68623

Sentence

denotes

Between September 1996 and March 2000 for 273 smear and culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients (old 0/86, new0/ 187) pretreatment susceptibility tests of isolated bacilli to INH, RIF, EMB and STM were performed by standard proportional method and the results were attributed to three groups: (I) newly diagnosed without any history of treatment; (II) patients with history of treatment for one course; (III) patients with history of treatment for two or more courses supposed to be MDR cases.

TextSentencer_T552

68624-68740

Sentence

denotes

The results were collected for each drug individually and different combinations of two, three and four medications.

T33972

68624-68740

Sentence

denotes

The results were collected for each drug individually and different combinations of two, three and four medications.

TextSentencer_T553

68741-68749

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T62822

68741-68749

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T554

68750-68903

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to one, two, three and four drugs was significantly increased in group III comparing to groups II and I, also in group II compared to group I.

T69258

68750-68903

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to one, two, three and four drugs was significantly increased in group III comparing to groups II and I, also in group II compared to group I.

TextSentencer_T555

68904-69053

Sentence

denotes

We observed a high rate of primary resistance to INH and STM in groups I and II and a high rate of MDR (INH and RIF resistance) in groups II and III.

T92426

68904-69053

Sentence

denotes

We observed a high rate of primary resistance to INH and STM in groups I and II and a high rate of MDR (INH and RIF resistance) in groups II and III.

TextSentencer_T556

69054-69065

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T62773

69054-69065

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T557

69066-69181

Sentence

denotes

The duration of bacilli exposure to antituberculosis agents in the past is a major factor in developing resistance.

T105

69066-69181

Sentence

denotes

The duration of bacilli exposure to antituberculosis agents in the past is a major factor in developing resistance.

TextSentencer_T558

69182-69538

Sentence

denotes

In contrast to WHO's guideline, due to high rate of primary resistance especially to STM in our area, we do not recommend addition of STM for treatment of patients whose initial four-drug regimens have been failed (group II). donors, to understand host interactions with this bacteria, to develop new methods of diagnosis and define new vaccine candidates.

T68142

69182-69538

Sentence

denotes

In contrast to WHO's guideline, due to high rate of primary resistance especially to STM in our area, we do not recommend addition of STM for treatment of patients whose initial four-drug regimens have been failed (group II). donors, to understand host interactions with this bacteria, to develop new methods of diagnosis and define new vaccine candidates.

TextSentencer_T559

69539-69619

Sentence

denotes

Nineteen TB patients and seven healthy donors were enrolled in French Hospitals.

T40815

69539-69619

Sentence

denotes

Nineteen TB patients and seven healthy donors were enrolled in French Hospitals.

TextSentencer_T560

69620-69761

Sentence

denotes

Cellular immune responses were evaluated by lymphoproliferation and ex-vivo quantification of specific Th1 cells by ELISPOT-IFN-gamma assays.

T62046

69620-69761

Sentence

denotes

Cellular immune responses were evaluated by lymphoproliferation and ex-vivo quantification of specific Th1 cells by ELISPOT-IFN-gamma assays.

TextSentencer_T561

69762-69878

Sentence

denotes

Four recombinant proteins of M. tuberculosis were tested: ESAT-6, 85B, Erp and TB B1.3 and compared with tuberculin.

T75712

69762-69878

Sentence

denotes

Four recombinant proteins of M. tuberculosis were tested: ESAT-6, 85B, Erp and TB B1.3 and compared with tuberculin.

TextSentencer_T562

69879-70047

Sentence

denotes

We confirmed that 85B (but not ESAT-6 in our study) gives higher responses in TB patients compared to donors according to the results in proliferation assay (P 0/0.04).

T18823

69879-70047

Sentence

denotes

We confirmed that 85B (but not ESAT-6 in our study) gives higher responses in TB patients compared to donors according to the results in proliferation assay (P 0/0.04).

TextSentencer_T563

70048-70209

Sentence

denotes

In addition, frequencies of Th1 CD4 specific cells for ESAT-6 and tuberculin were statistical different between the two groups (P0/0.04 and 0.028, respectively).

T85210

70048-70209

Sentence

denotes

In addition, frequencies of Th1 CD4 specific cells for ESAT-6 and tuberculin were statistical different between the two groups (P0/0.04 and 0.028, respectively).

TextSentencer_T564

70210-70346

Sentence

denotes

41.1% for 85B and 70.5% for ESAT-6 of the patients tested were responders in ELISPOT-assay versus 57.9% for both in proliferation assay.

T19567

70210-70346

Sentence

denotes

41.1% for 85B and 70.5% for ESAT-6 of the patients tested were responders in ELISPOT-assay versus 57.9% for both in proliferation assay.

TextSentencer_T565

70347-70435

Sentence

denotes

For the new antigens Erp and TB B1.3, no difference was observed between the two groups.

T67928

70347-70435

Sentence

denotes

For the new antigens Erp and TB B1.3, no difference was observed between the two groups.

TextSentencer_T566

70436-70515

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, 85B and ESAT-6 are recognised by a large number of our patients.

T83647

70436-70515

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, 85B and ESAT-6 are recognised by a large number of our patients.

TextSentencer_T567

70516-70638

Sentence

denotes

They seem to be promising antigens for the development of new methods of diagnosis or for the development of new vaccines.

T11478

70516-70638

Sentence

denotes

They seem to be promising antigens for the development of new methods of diagnosis or for the development of new vaccines.

TextSentencer_T568

70639-70704

Sentence

denotes

Erp and TB B1.3 are not preferentially recognised by TB patients.

T96708

70639-70704

Sentence

denotes

Erp and TB B1.3 are not preferentially recognised by TB patients.

TextSentencer_T569

70705-70744

Sentence

denotes

Other exported antigens will be tested.

T91411

70705-70744

Sentence

denotes

Other exported antigens will be tested.

TextSentencer_T570

70745-70804

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is increasing worldwide.

T18323

70745-70804

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is increasing worldwide.

TextSentencer_T571

70805-70915

Sentence

denotes

In recent some years, geographical differences in the incidence of TB in former Yugoslavia have been observed.

T54402

70805-70915

Sentence

denotes

In recent some years, geographical differences in the incidence of TB in former Yugoslavia have been observed.

TextSentencer_T572

70916-70995

Sentence

denotes

An important rise in TB cases was registered in the bordering region of Bosnia.

T71851

70916-70995

Sentence

denotes

An important rise in TB cases was registered in the bordering region of Bosnia.

TextSentencer_T573

70996-71120

Sentence

denotes

It is likely that poorer living conditions, influenced by war and emotional stress, may promote such rising incidence of TB.

T77268

70996-71120

Sentence

denotes

It is likely that poorer living conditions, influenced by war and emotional stress, may promote such rising incidence of TB.

TextSentencer_T574

71121-71262

Sentence

denotes

Renal tuberculosis was diagnosed in 25 patients (female 21, male 4) from district Brcko in Bosnia, during the period of 2 years, 2000 Á/2001.

T14398

71121-71262

Sentence

denotes

Renal tuberculosis was diagnosed in 25 patients (female 21, male 4) from district Brcko in Bosnia, during the period of 2 years, 2000 Á/2001.

TextSentencer_T575

71263-71448

Sentence

denotes

At the same time none patient had active pulmonary TB lesions, fibrous lesions were noticed in 18 patients, but we did not diagnose any signs of previous pulmonary TB in seven patients.

T52373

71263-71448

Sentence

denotes

At the same time none patient had active pulmonary TB lesions, fibrous lesions were noticed in 18 patients, but we did not diagnose any signs of previous pulmonary TB in seven patients.

TextSentencer_T576

71449-71534

Sentence

denotes

Seven patients developed relapse of renal TB after 1 Á/5 years of previous treatment.

T9605

71449-71534

Sentence

denotes

Seven patients developed relapse of renal TB after 1 Á/5 years of previous treatment.

TextSentencer_T577

71535-71688

Sentence

denotes

Guided by clinical parameters, precisely done renal echosonography enabled early suspicion and searching for renal TB, by radiological and other methods.

T90250

71535-71688

Sentence

denotes

Guided by clinical parameters, precisely done renal echosonography enabled early suspicion and searching for renal TB, by radiological and other methods.

TextSentencer_T578

71689-71815

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriological diagnosis was performed by detection Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Loewenstein Á/Jensen medium in 18 patients.

T22557

71689-71815

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriological diagnosis was performed by detection Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Loewenstein Á/Jensen medium in 18 patients.

TextSentencer_T579

71816-71982

Sentence

denotes

PCR as simple, fast and highly sensitive method enabled diagnosis in incipient stadium of disease, so antituberculous therapy could be instituted some months earlier.

T42101

71816-71982

Sentence

denotes

PCR as simple, fast and highly sensitive method enabled diagnosis in incipient stadium of disease, so antituberculous therapy could be instituted some months earlier.

TextSentencer_T580

71983-72119

Sentence

denotes

Prompt diagnosis of renal tuberculosis (using PCR, besides standard methods) is necessary, otherwise delayed diagnosis may be dangerous.

T71512

71983-72119

Sentence

denotes

Prompt diagnosis of renal tuberculosis (using PCR, besides standard methods) is necessary, otherwise delayed diagnosis may be dangerous.

TextSentencer_T581

72120-72217

Sentence

denotes

A study on resistance to first generation anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mycobacterium kansasii S37.7

T59678

72120-72217

Sentence

denotes

A study on resistance to first generation anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mycobacterium kansasii S37.7

TextSentencer_T582

72218-72317

Sentence

denotes

Mirsaeidi SM, Farnia P, Mohammadi F, Mansoori SD, Jabbari R, Taghizadeh R, Masjedi MR, Velayati AA.

T18714

72218-72317

Sentence

denotes

Mirsaeidi SM, Farnia P, Mohammadi F, Mansoori SD, Jabbari R, Taghizadeh R, Masjedi MR, Velayati AA.

TextSentencer_T583

72318-72460

Sentence

denotes

National Research Inistitute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Infectious Diseases and Immunology (NRITLD ), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

T37699

72318-72460

Sentence

denotes

National Research Inistitute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Infectious Diseases and Immunology (NRITLD ), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

TextSentencer_T584

72461-72469

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T50405

72461-72469

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T585

72470-72597

Sentence

denotes

This research has been performed to determine antibiotic resistance of atypical mycobacteria especially Mycobacterium kansasi .

T8675

72470-72597

Sentence

denotes

This research has been performed to determine antibiotic resistance of atypical mycobacteria especially Mycobacterium kansasi .

TextSentencer_T586

72598-72606

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T87612

72598-72606

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T587

72607-72805

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-three pigmented colonies which indicated atypical agents from NRITLD's mycobacterium culturebank were selected, they then underwent type identification and antibiogram for INH, RIF, ETB, STM.

T1892

72607-72805

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-three pigmented colonies which indicated atypical agents from NRITLD's mycobacterium culturebank were selected, they then underwent type identification and antibiogram for INH, RIF, ETB, STM.

TextSentencer_T588

72806-72967

Sentence

denotes

Nine samples were M. kansasi and 14 were other non-MTB, 4 was M. gordonei , 2 M. xenopi , 3 MAC, 1 M. bovis , 2 M. tererra , 1 M. asiatioum , 1 M. marinum and 1.

T58340

72806-72967

Sentence

denotes

Nine samples were M. kansasi and 14 were other non-MTB, 4 was M. gordonei , 2 M. xenopi , 3 MAC, 1 M. bovis , 2 M. tererra , 1 M. asiatioum , 1 M. marinum and 1.

TextSentencer_T589

72968-73095

Sentence

denotes

Mean age in M. kansasi cases was 34'/ 8.1 year and in non-kansasi cases 52'/ 15.6 year and in whole society NTM was 44.9'/16.4.

T9593

72968-73095

Sentence

denotes

Mean age in M. kansasi cases was 34'/ 8.1 year and in non-kansasi cases 52'/ 15.6 year and in whole society NTM was 44.9'/16.4.

TextSentencer_T590

73096-73384

Sentence

denotes

Frequency of resistance in kansasi group were 4 to INH (44%), 4 to RIF (44%) 4 to ETB (44%), 5 to STM (55%) and prevalence of MDR was 4 (44%) and in non-kansasi group frequency of resistance were 13 (92%) to INH, to RIF 9 (64%), to ETM 9 (64%) and to STM was 10 (71%), to MDR was 9 (64%).

T38146

73096-73384

Sentence

denotes

Frequency of resistance in kansasi group were 4 to INH (44%), 4 to RIF (44%) 4 to ETB (44%), 5 to STM (55%) and prevalence of MDR was 4 (44%) and in non-kansasi group frequency of resistance were 13 (92%) to INH, to RIF 9 (64%), to ETM 9 (64%) and to STM was 10 (71%), to MDR was 9 (64%).

TextSentencer_T591

73385-73396

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T49438

73385-73396

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T592

73397-73594

Sentence

denotes

A significant difference was seen between the age groups of patients who are affected with M. kansasi and non-kansasi (P B/ 0.01), also in frequency of resistance to first generation anti-TB drugs.

T22500

73397-73594

Sentence

denotes

A significant difference was seen between the age groups of patients who are affected with M. kansasi and non-kansasi (P B/ 0.01), also in frequency of resistance to first generation anti-TB drugs.

TextSentencer_T593

73595-73751

Sentence

denotes

M. kansasi is detected as the most common atypical mycobacterium agent in pulmonary infections and attention to antibiogram is recommended before treatment.

T80611

73595-73751

Sentence

denotes

M. kansasi is detected as the most common atypical mycobacterium agent in pulmonary infections and attention to antibiogram is recommended before treatment.

TextSentencer_T594

73752-73885

Sentence

denotes

Buruli ulcer caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans , is the third most common mycobacterial after tuberculosis and leprosy in west Africa.

T94412

73752-73885

Sentence

denotes

Buruli ulcer caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans , is the third most common mycobacterial after tuberculosis and leprosy in west Africa.

TextSentencer_T595

73886-73936

Sentence

denotes

Nowadays, the only effective treatment is surgery.

T55219

73886-73936

Sentence

denotes

Nowadays, the only effective treatment is surgery.

TextSentencer_T596

73937-74021

Sentence

denotes

It consists in a large excision of the lesions, often followed by a skin transplant.

T11089

73937-74021

Sentence

denotes

It consists in a large excision of the lesions, often followed by a skin transplant.

TextSentencer_T597

74022-74191

Sentence

denotes

In this study, the effectiveness of rifampin, amikacin and their combination were estimated in the treatment of mice, which were infected experimentally by M. ulcerans .

T16525

74022-74191

Sentence

denotes

In this study, the effectiveness of rifampin, amikacin and their combination were estimated in the treatment of mice, which were infected experimentally by M. ulcerans .

TextSentencer_T598

74192-74320

Sentence

denotes

After 15 weeks of treatment with rifampin, amikacin or their combination, no more viable bacilli were found in infected tissues.

T74951

74192-74320

Sentence

denotes

After 15 weeks of treatment with rifampin, amikacin or their combination, no more viable bacilli were found in infected tissues.

TextSentencer_T599

74321-74362

Sentence

denotes

The animals were kept for 3 other months.

T35901

74321-74362

Sentence

denotes

The animals were kept for 3 other months.

TextSentencer_T600

74363-74435

Sentence

denotes

Among the mice treated with rifampin alone, two mice out of 30 relapsed.

T59094

74363-74435

Sentence

denotes

Among the mice treated with rifampin alone, two mice out of 30 relapsed.

TextSentencer_T601

74436-74524

Sentence

denotes

The minimal inhibitory concentration of these isolated strains went from 0.5 to 8 mg/ml.

T94769

74436-74524

Sentence

denotes

The minimal inhibitory concentration of these isolated strains went from 0.5 to 8 mg/ml.

TextSentencer_T602

74525-74682

Sentence

denotes

The DNA sequence, obtained from a 93-pb of the rpob gene from these strains, showed a missense mutations, which affect a Ser-415 replaced by a phenylalanine.

T48819

74525-74682

Sentence

denotes

The DNA sequence, obtained from a 93-pb of the rpob gene from these strains, showed a missense mutations, which affect a Ser-415 replaced by a phenylalanine.

TextSentencer_T603

74683-74788

Sentence

denotes

This modification on the gene leads to an important inefficacy of treatment when rifampin was used alone.

T61138

74683-74788

Sentence

denotes

This modification on the gene leads to an important inefficacy of treatment when rifampin was used alone.

TextSentencer_T604

74789-74977

Sentence

denotes

This study showed that rifampin and amikacin have a bactericidal action on M. ulcerans and that a combination of these antibiotics is necessary to avoid the selection of resistant mutants.

T87009

74789-74977

Sentence

denotes

This study showed that rifampin and amikacin have a bactericidal action on M. ulcerans and that a combination of these antibiotics is necessary to avoid the selection of resistant mutants.

TextSentencer_T605

74978-75093

Sentence

denotes

Histopathologic and electron microscopy studies of a severe isolated HIV enteropathy detected in an AIDS presenter.

T4448

74978-75093

Sentence

denotes

Histopathologic and electron microscopy studies of a severe isolated HIV enteropathy detected in an AIDS presenter.

TextSentencer_T606

75094-75140

Sentence

denotes

Favorable response to HAART introduction OR1.1

T33182

75094-75140

Sentence

denotes

Favorable response to HAART introduction OR1.1

TextSentencer_T607

75141-75171

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F.

T26949

75141-75171

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F.

TextSentencer_T608

75172-75230

Sentence

denotes

University of Bologna, Infectious Diseases, Bologna, Italy

T56874

75172-75230

Sentence

denotes

University of Bologna, Infectious Diseases, Bologna, Italy

TextSentencer_T609

75231-75472

Sentence

denotes

Advanced HIV infection was detected in a heterosexual female with a 1-year history of chronic diarrhoea and severe wasting, as expressed by a body weight of 39 kg, a CD4'/ count of 64 cells/ml, and a plasma viraemia of 2.5 million copies/ml.

T15613

75231-75472

Sentence

denotes

Advanced HIV infection was detected in a heterosexual female with a 1-year history of chronic diarrhoea and severe wasting, as expressed by a body weight of 39 kg, a CD4'/ count of 64 cells/ml, and a plasma viraemia of 2.5 million copies/ml.

TextSentencer_T610

75473-75697

Sentence

denotes

A malabsorption syndrome was confirmed by D-xylose test, but repeated pathogen search tested negative at stool examination and light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (EM), and transmission EM study of enteric mucosa.

T7596

75473-75697

Sentence

denotes

A malabsorption syndrome was confirmed by D-xylose test, but repeated pathogen search tested negative at stool examination and light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (EM), and transmission EM study of enteric mucosa.

TextSentencer_T611

75698-75922

Sentence

denotes

EM assays detected an ultrastructural modification of duodenal mucosa never reported to date: an extensive thinning of enterocytic microvilli, disappearance of glycocalix, and large vacuolization of the enterocyte cytoplasm.

T5671

75698-75922

Sentence

denotes

EM assays detected an ultrastructural modification of duodenal mucosa never reported to date: an extensive thinning of enterocytic microvilli, disappearance of glycocalix, and large vacuolization of the enterocyte cytoplasm.

TextSentencer_T612

75923-76045

Sentence

denotes

Two weeks after starting an indinavir-based HAART, diarrhoea disappeared and our patient significantly gained body weight:

T15774

75923-76045

Sentence

denotes

Two weeks after starting an indinavir-based HAART, diarrhoea disappeared and our patient significantly gained body weight:

TextSentencer_T613

76046-76181

Sentence

denotes

6 kg after 4 months,15 kg after 8, and 18 kg after 1 year, paralleling a CD4'/ increase to 299 cells/ml, and undetectable HIV viraemia.

T58231

76046-76181

Sentence

denotes

6 kg after 4 months,15 kg after 8, and 18 kg after 1 year, paralleling a CD4'/ increase to 299 cells/ml, and undetectable HIV viraemia.

TextSentencer_T614

76182-76357

Sentence

denotes

The subsequent 3-year follow-up confirmed absence of gut disturbances, a stable body weight, a CD4'/ count of 350 Á/480 cells/ml, and HIV viraemia persistently B/50 copies/ml.

T2690

76182-76357

Sentence

denotes

The subsequent 3-year follow-up confirmed absence of gut disturbances, a stable body weight, a CD4'/ count of 350 Á/480 cells/ml, and HIV viraemia persistently B/50 copies/ml.

TextSentencer_T615

76358-76521

Sentence

denotes

Repeated endoscopy and related histopathologic and EM assays documented a notable improvement of mucosal damage, with complete cure reached after 2 years of HAART.

T66422

76358-76521

Sentence

denotes

Repeated endoscopy and related histopathologic and EM assays documented a notable improvement of mucosal damage, with complete cure reached after 2 years of HAART.

TextSentencer_T616

76522-76702

Sentence

denotes

A direct intestinal localization of HIV may be responsible for severe diarrhoea, malabsorption, and wasting, though the morphological features of HIV enteropathy are still unclear.

T14127

76522-76702

Sentence

denotes

A direct intestinal localization of HIV may be responsible for severe diarrhoea, malabsorption, and wasting, though the morphological features of HIV enteropathy are still unclear.

TextSentencer_T617

76703-76771

Sentence

denotes

HAART acts favourably also against isolated HIV-related enteropathy.

T24830

76703-76771

Sentence

denotes

HAART acts favourably also against isolated HIV-related enteropathy.

TextSentencer_T618

76772-76891

Sentence

denotes

Kaposi's sarcoma in a non-HIV immunocompetent adult: relapsing due to the development of a squamus cell carcinoma OR1.2

T46858

76772-76891

Sentence

denotes

Kaposi's sarcoma in a non-HIV immunocompetent adult: relapsing due to the development of a squamus cell carcinoma OR1.2

TextSentencer_T619

76892-77177

Sentence

denotes

Sioula E a , Magira EE a , Georgopoulou C a , Rontogiani D b , Gounaris T a . a Evagelismos, Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Athens, Greece , b Evagelismos, Pathology, Athens, Greece A 26-year-old heterosexual HIV negative girl was diagnosed with cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma.

T21323

76892-77177

Sentence

denotes

Sioula E a , Magira EE a , Georgopoulou C a , Rontogiani D b , Gounaris T a . a Evagelismos, Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Athens, Greece , b Evagelismos, Pathology, Athens, Greece A 26-year-old heterosexual HIV negative girl was diagnosed with cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma.

TextSentencer_T620

77178-77288

Sentence

denotes

The disease was started 2 years earlier with the appearance of lesions on the left feet and on the right knee.

T72395

77178-77288

Sentence

denotes

The disease was started 2 years earlier with the appearance of lesions on the left feet and on the right knee.

TextSentencer_T621

77289-77403

Sentence

denotes

Absolute number of CD4 and CD8 were 1200 and 486 cells/dl, respectively with a decreased lymphocyte proliferation.

T33012

77289-77403

Sentence

denotes

Absolute number of CD4 and CD8 were 1200 and 486 cells/dl, respectively with a decreased lymphocyte proliferation.

TextSentencer_T622

77404-77517

Sentence

denotes

Human herpesvirus type 8 had been detected in biopsy specimens and she placed on recombinant interferon alpha-2b.

T53747

77404-77517

Sentence

denotes

Human herpesvirus type 8 had been detected in biopsy specimens and she placed on recombinant interferon alpha-2b.

TextSentencer_T623

77518-77575

Sentence

denotes

Follow up few months later the lesions decreased in size.

T75644

77518-77575

Sentence

denotes

Follow up few months later the lesions decreased in size.

TextSentencer_T624

77576-77715

Sentence

denotes

Two years after the onset of the disease the patient readmitted because of a mass on the left paratracheal region along with mediastinitis.

T6778

77576-77715

Sentence

denotes

Two years after the onset of the disease the patient readmitted because of a mass on the left paratracheal region along with mediastinitis.

TextSentencer_T625

77716-77751

Sentence

denotes

Her body temperature was increased.

T22131

77716-77751

Sentence

denotes

Her body temperature was increased.

TextSentencer_T626

77752-77947

Sentence

denotes

The patient underwent thoracic CT scan, which demonstrated mediastinal well defined soft tissue infiltration associated with mediastinitis and a well-defined mass in the left paratracheal region.

T938

77752-77947

Sentence

denotes

The patient underwent thoracic CT scan, which demonstrated mediastinal well defined soft tissue infiltration associated with mediastinitis and a well-defined mass in the left paratracheal region.

TextSentencer_T627

77948-77997

Sentence

denotes

The mass biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma.

T96794

77948-77997

Sentence

denotes

The mass biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma.

TextSentencer_T628

77998-78066

Sentence

denotes

Several violaceus lesions were observed on the arms, hands and face.

T2608

77998-78066

Sentence

denotes

Several violaceus lesions were observed on the arms, hands and face.

TextSentencer_T629

78067-78221

Sentence

denotes

Severe bilateral lymphedema of the legs with a reddish papules nodules and tumors from 0.5 to 7 cm in diameter on the soles, toes and calves were present.

T25907

78067-78221

Sentence

denotes

Severe bilateral lymphedema of the legs with a reddish papules nodules and tumors from 0.5 to 7 cm in diameter on the soles, toes and calves were present.

TextSentencer_T630

78222-78373

Sentence

denotes

This case illustrates the significant relapsing of the cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma soon after the appearance of and the carcinoma and the mediastinitis.

T19298

78222-78373

Sentence

denotes

This case illustrates the significant relapsing of the cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma soon after the appearance of and the carcinoma and the mediastinitis.

TextSentencer_T631

78374-78496

Sentence

denotes

A 58-year-old male patient with insulin-dependent diabetes underwent cardiac surgery for aortocoronary bypass 2 years ago.

T97030

78374-78496

Sentence

denotes

A 58-year-old male patient with insulin-dependent diabetes underwent cardiac surgery for aortocoronary bypass 2 years ago.

TextSentencer_T632

78497-78635

Sentence

denotes

Two weeks after surgery he developed mediastinitis and sternal osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

T55417

78497-78635

Sentence

denotes

Two weeks after surgery he developed mediastinitis and sternal osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

TextSentencer_T633

78636-78714

Sentence

denotes

Twice, revisions and plastic surgery for sternal osteomyelitis were performed.

T19136

78636-78714

Sentence

denotes

Twice, revisions and plastic surgery for sternal osteomyelitis were performed.

TextSentencer_T634

78715-78772

Sentence

denotes

The patient received initially treatment with vancomycin.

T71175

78715-78772

Sentence

denotes

The patient received initially treatment with vancomycin.

TextSentencer_T635

78773-78938

Sentence

denotes

Then the patient received intravenous outpatient treatment with teicoplanin for 6 weeks followed by by treatment with fusidic acid and then trimethoprim/sulfametrol.

T62808

78773-78938

Sentence

denotes

Then the patient received intravenous outpatient treatment with teicoplanin for 6 weeks followed by by treatment with fusidic acid and then trimethoprim/sulfametrol.

TextSentencer_T636

78939-78962

Sentence

denotes

The fistula was closed.

T94850

78939-78962

Sentence

denotes

The fistula was closed.

TextSentencer_T637

78963-79044

Sentence

denotes

Four months later he presented again with substernal pain and purulent discharge.

T74900

78963-79044

Sentence

denotes

Four months later he presented again with substernal pain and purulent discharge.

TextSentencer_T638

79045-79157

Sentence

denotes

The culture revealed the growth of staphylococci which were first mistaken for coagulase-negative staphylococci.

T19094

79045-79157

Sentence

denotes

The culture revealed the growth of staphylococci which were first mistaken for coagulase-negative staphylococci.

TextSentencer_T639

79158-79243

Sentence

denotes

After closer investigation these staphylococci were identified as small variant MRSA.

T27971

79158-79243

Sentence

denotes

After closer investigation these staphylococci were identified as small variant MRSA.

TextSentencer_T640

79244-79309

Sentence

denotes

Computer tomography (CT) revealed multiple mediastinal abscesses.

T20854

79244-79309

Sentence

denotes

Computer tomography (CT) revealed multiple mediastinal abscesses.

TextSentencer_T641

79310-79431

Sentence

denotes

The patient was treated with intravenous linezolid 600 mg bid for 10 days and then switched to oral linezolid 600 mg bid.

T6123

79310-79431

Sentence

denotes

The patient was treated with intravenous linezolid 600 mg bid for 10 days and then switched to oral linezolid 600 mg bid.

TextSentencer_T642

79432-79499

Sentence

denotes

The oral therapy was pursued for 16 weeks under close surveillance.

T36596

79432-79499

Sentence

denotes

The oral therapy was pursued for 16 weeks under close surveillance.

TextSentencer_T643

79500-79571

Sentence

denotes

The patient improved substantially, the purulent discharge disappeared.

T34277

79500-79571

Sentence

denotes

The patient improved substantially, the purulent discharge disappeared.

TextSentencer_T644

79572-79657

Sentence

denotes

The mediastinal abscesses were not detected any longer by CT at the end of treatment.

T57921

79572-79657

Sentence

denotes

The mediastinal abscesses were not detected any longer by CT at the end of treatment.

TextSentencer_T645

79658-79706

Sentence

denotes

The treatment with linezolid was well tolerated.

T13571

79658-79706

Sentence

denotes

The treatment with linezolid was well tolerated.

TextSentencer_T646

79707-79794

Sentence

denotes

Platelets decreased initially but rose to normal values without treatment modification.

T52781

79707-79794

Sentence

denotes

Platelets decreased initially but rose to normal values without treatment modification.

TextSentencer_T647

79795-79968

Sentence

denotes

Nosocomial pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a profound granulocytopenic patient hospitalized for community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus severe sepsis OR1.5

T58047

79795-79968

Sentence

denotes

Nosocomial pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a profound granulocytopenic patient hospitalized for community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus severe sepsis OR1.5

TextSentencer_T648

79969-80263

Sentence

denotes

Radulescu A a , Sasca N b , Lupse M c , Tatulescu D c . a University of Medicine and Pharmac, Epidemiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania , b The Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory, Cluj-Napoca, Romania , c University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

T26607

79969-80263

Sentence

denotes

Radulescu A a , Sasca N b , Lupse M c , Tatulescu D c . a University of Medicine and Pharmac, Epidemiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania , b The Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory, Cluj-Napoca, Romania , c University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

TextSentencer_T649

80264-80274

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T83488

80264-80274

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T650

80275-80380

Sentence

denotes

To present the diverse opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and treatment difficulties.

T70233

80275-80380

Sentence

denotes

To present the diverse opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and treatment difficulties.

TextSentencer_T651

80381-80390

Sentence

denotes

Findings:

T44412

80381-80390

Sentence

denotes

Findings:

TextSentencer_T652

80391-80550

Sentence

denotes

A 35-year-old women was admitted to the Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases Cluj with a 2-day history of fever, myalgia, lumbar pain, hemorrhage syndrome.

T71471

80391-80550

Sentence

denotes

A 35-year-old women was admitted to the Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases Cluj with a 2-day history of fever, myalgia, lumbar pain, hemorrhage syndrome.

TextSentencer_T653

80551-80752

Sentence

denotes

Severe sepsis was diagnosed and the conditions that evolved in it were paronychia in a patient with chronic leukemia having prolonged and profound granulocytopenia due to aggressive treatment with IFN.

T67315

80551-80752

Sentence

denotes

Severe sepsis was diagnosed and the conditions that evolved in it were paronychia in a patient with chronic leukemia having prolonged and profound granulocytopenia due to aggressive treatment with IFN.

TextSentencer_T654

80753-80863

Sentence

denotes

The condition at admission was critical due to trombocytopenia ( B/2000 platelets/ml) and hemorrhage syndrome.

T53163

80753-80863

Sentence

denotes

The condition at admission was critical due to trombocytopenia ( B/2000 platelets/ml) and hemorrhage syndrome.

TextSentencer_T655

80864-81077

Sentence

denotes

The evolution was favorable under antimicrobial treatment (imipenem), blood and platelet transfusion, intravenous immunoglobulins, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, antifungal prophylaxis and supportive care.

T46983

80864-81077

Sentence

denotes

The evolution was favorable under antimicrobial treatment (imipenem), blood and platelet transfusion, intravenous immunoglobulins, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, antifungal prophylaxis and supportive care.

TextSentencer_T656

81078-81115

Sentence

denotes

Blood and pus cultures revealed MSSA.

T66711

81078-81115

Sentence

denotes

Blood and pus cultures revealed MSSA.

TextSentencer_T657

81116-81205

Sentence

denotes

In the 6th day of hospitalization she developed bronchopneumonia and respiratory failure.

T43244

81116-81205

Sentence

denotes

In the 6th day of hospitalization she developed bronchopneumonia and respiratory failure.

TextSentencer_T658

81206-81316

Sentence

denotes

The sputum culture was positive for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia susceptible to ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones.

T85279

81206-81316

Sentence

denotes

The sputum culture was positive for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia susceptible to ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones.

TextSentencer_T659

81317-81410

Sentence

denotes

Treatment was unsatisfactory until introducing ticarcilline Á/clavulanate and ciprofloxacine.

T62960

81317-81410

Sentence

denotes

Treatment was unsatisfactory until introducing ticarcilline Á/clavulanate and ciprofloxacine.

TextSentencer_T660

81411-81485

Sentence

denotes

She had uneventful recovery despite remaining granulocyto-trombocytopenic.

T3237

81411-81485

Sentence

denotes

She had uneventful recovery despite remaining granulocyto-trombocytopenic.

TextSentencer_T661

81486-81498

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T56040

81486-81498

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T662

81499-81715

Sentence

denotes

Treatment of infections with emerging agents in immunocompromised patients is difficult, guidance by results of susceptibility testing being misleading with a poor correlation between the tests and treatment outcome.

T36144

81499-81715

Sentence

denotes

Treatment of infections with emerging agents in immunocompromised patients is difficult, guidance by results of susceptibility testing being misleading with a poor correlation between the tests and treatment outcome.

TextSentencer_T663

81716-81844

Sentence

denotes

Early disseminated listeriosis in a liver transplant recipient (LTR): a rare case due to an in vitro multiresistant strain OR1.6

T41549

81716-81844

Sentence

denotes

Early disseminated listeriosis in a liver transplant recipient (LTR): a rare case due to an in vitro multiresistant strain OR1.6

TextSentencer_T664

81845-81977

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, De Ruvo N, Vivarelli M, Bellusci R, Montalti R, La Barba G, Abtueli Aden A, Cucchetti A, Attard L, Calza L, Cavallari A.

T7910

81845-81977

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, De Ruvo N, Vivarelli M, Bellusci R, Montalti R, La Barba G, Abtueli Aden A, Cucchetti A, Attard L, Calza L, Cavallari A.

TextSentencer_T665

81978-82219

Sentence

denotes

University of Bologna, Infectious Diseases, Bologna, Italy A LTR receiving cyclosporin, azathioprine and steroids, developed an extraordinary episode of sepsis and pleural effusion due to a multiresistant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) isolate.

T4628

81978-82219

Sentence

denotes

University of Bologna, Infectious Diseases, Bologna, Italy A LTR receiving cyclosporin, azathioprine and steroids, developed an extraordinary episode of sepsis and pleural effusion due to a multiresistant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) isolate.

TextSentencer_T666

82220-82238

Sentence

denotes

A Lm strain serov.

T71063

82220-82238

Sentence

denotes

A Lm strain serov.

TextSentencer_T667

82239-82461

Sentence

denotes

4 showing the same, extensive resistance pattern (all penicillins and 1stand 2nd-generation cephalosporins), was isolated from multiple blood cultures and pleural fluid 2 weeks after surgery, while stool exam was negative.

T88311

82239-82461

Sentence

denotes

4 showing the same, extensive resistance pattern (all penicillins and 1stand 2nd-generation cephalosporins), was isolated from multiple blood cultures and pleural fluid 2 weeks after surgery, while stool exam was negative.

TextSentencer_T668

82462-82565

Sentence

denotes

Our p spent her life in countryside and bred some animals, but denied consumption of uncontrolled food.

T75079

82462-82565

Sentence

denotes

Our p spent her life in countryside and bred some animals, but denied consumption of uncontrolled food.

TextSentencer_T669

82566-82663

Sentence

denotes

Iv cotrimoxazole administration achieved a complete clinical and microbiological cure in 10 days.

T13199

82566-82663

Sentence

denotes

Iv cotrimoxazole administration achieved a complete clinical and microbiological cure in 10 days.

TextSentencer_T670

82664-82832

Sentence

denotes

Underlying immunodeficiency may prompt unusual/severe Lm infection, but because of its usual community-acquired origin, Lm disease remains infrequent in hospitalized p.

T22317

82664-82832

Sentence

denotes

Underlying immunodeficiency may prompt unusual/severe Lm infection, but because of its usual community-acquired origin, Lm disease remains infrequent in hospitalized p.

TextSentencer_T671

82833-82963

Sentence

denotes

Only seven anecdotal reports of Lm infection were described in LTR, 1986 Á/2000, all but 1 occurring months Á/years after surgery.

T92747

82833-82963

Sentence

denotes

Only seven anecdotal reports of Lm infection were described in LTR, 1986 Á/2000, all but 1 occurring months Á/years after surgery.

TextSentencer_T672

82964-83215

Sentence

denotes

An early respiratory and systemic infection caused by a community-acquired Lm strain which proved resistant to first-choice antibiotics, but had a favorable response to cotrimoxazole (used only once in a LTR with Lm sepsis), characterized our episode.

T89739

82964-83215

Sentence

denotes

An early respiratory and systemic infection caused by a community-acquired Lm strain which proved resistant to first-choice antibiotics, but had a favorable response to cotrimoxazole (used only once in a LTR with Lm sepsis), characterized our episode.

TextSentencer_T673

83216-83317

Sentence

denotes

An epidemiological survey retrieved the possible source of this usually community-acquired infection.

T11442

83216-83317

Sentence

denotes

An epidemiological survey retrieved the possible source of this usually community-acquired infection.

TextSentencer_T674

83318-83429

Sentence

denotes

Lm should be regarded as an emerging opportunistic pathogen in LTR, and specific risk factors should be seeked.

T16872

83318-83429

Sentence

denotes

Lm should be regarded as an emerging opportunistic pathogen in LTR, and specific risk factors should be seeked.

TextSentencer_T675

83430-83660

Sentence

denotes

When immunodeficiency is of concern, the unpredictable sensitivity of Lm should prompt in vitro assays to adjust antimicrobial therapy Problems for discussion HBV Á/HCV and liver carcinogenesis: where does the viral influence end?

T26020

83430-83660

Sentence

denotes

When immunodeficiency is of concern, the unpredictable sensitivity of Lm should prompt in vitro assays to adjust antimicrobial therapy Problems for discussion HBV Á/HCV and liver carcinogenesis: where does the viral influence end?

TextSentencer_T676

83661-83677

Sentence

denotes

OR2.2 Pappas GA.

T58147

83661-83677

Sentence

denotes

OR2.2 Pappas GA.

TextSentencer_T677

83678-83906

Sentence

denotes

University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major clinical problem worldwide, usually evolving over a long-standing liver pathology, in the latter stages in the form of cirrhosis.

T77998

83678-83906

Sentence

denotes

University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major clinical problem worldwide, usually evolving over a long-standing liver pathology, in the latter stages in the form of cirrhosis.

TextSentencer_T678

83907-83987

Sentence

denotes

HBV and HCV chronic infection is a common etiology of cirrhosis, and hence, HCC.

T3778

83907-83987

Sentence

denotes

HBV and HCV chronic infection is a common etiology of cirrhosis, and hence, HCC.

TextSentencer_T679

83988-84093

Sentence

denotes

A number of studies have attempted to clarify the role of these viruses into the progression towards HCC.

T8891

83988-84093

Sentence

denotes

A number of studies have attempted to clarify the role of these viruses into the progression towards HCC.

TextSentencer_T680

84094-84135

Sentence

denotes

Does their end in the stage of cirrhosis?

T22021

84094-84135

Sentence

denotes

Does their end in the stage of cirrhosis?

TextSentencer_T681

84136-84253

Sentence

denotes

Is progression towards HCC independent of the etiology of cirrhosis (since alcoholic cirrhosis also proceeds to HCC)?

T9514

84136-84253

Sentence

denotes

Is progression towards HCC independent of the etiology of cirrhosis (since alcoholic cirrhosis also proceeds to HCC)?

TextSentencer_T682

84254-84664

Sentence

denotes

Do the trials with interferon alfa for patients with HBV or HCV cirrhosis exhibit a favorable result due to the antiviral properties of interferon, or is interferon exhibiting anti-oncogenic potential?, and is HCC cytokine and hormone sensitive (view ongoing trials with somatostatine analogues versus HCC)? (hence, if we treat alcoholic cirrhosis patients with interferon could we have a favorable response?).

T1644

84254-84664

Sentence

denotes

Do the trials with interferon alfa for patients with HBV or HCV cirrhosis exhibit a favorable result due to the antiviral properties of interferon, or is interferon exhibiting anti-oncogenic potential?, and is HCC cytokine and hormone sensitive (view ongoing trials with somatostatine analogues versus HCC)? (hence, if we treat alcoholic cirrhosis patients with interferon could we have a favorable response?).

TextSentencer_T683

84665-84821

Sentence

denotes

Which patients with HBV or HCV cirrhosis are eligible for interferon treatment?: interferon treatment is a potential hazard for those with thrombocytopenia.

T96496

84665-84821

Sentence

denotes

Which patients with HBV or HCV cirrhosis are eligible for interferon treatment?: interferon treatment is a potential hazard for those with thrombocytopenia.

TextSentencer_T684

84822-84940

Sentence

denotes

How ethical is it to conduct a randomised trial where one leg of cirrhotic patients is left without antiviral therapy?

T38738

84822-84940

Sentence

denotes

How ethical is it to conduct a randomised trial where one leg of cirrhotic patients is left without antiviral therapy?

TextSentencer_T685

84941-85038

Sentence

denotes

And on the basis of which classification system should the two legs of such a trial be separated?

T50806

84941-85038

Sentence

denotes

And on the basis of which classification system should the two legs of such a trial be separated?

TextSentencer_T686

85039-85178

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, do viral proteins with oncogenic potential exist (the controversy over the recently discovered HBV protein is still, unresolved)?

T91562

85039-85178

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, do viral proteins with oncogenic potential exist (the controversy over the recently discovered HBV protein is still, unresolved)?

TextSentencer_T687

85179-85221

Sentence

denotes

A major topic awaiting for a major debate.

T1958

85179-85221

Sentence

denotes

A major topic awaiting for a major debate.

TextSentencer_T688

85222-85376

Sentence

denotes

To assess the role of HIV-associated campylobacteriosis (C) according to HAART availability, 17 patients with positive culture were identified since 1991.

T72220

85222-85376

Sentence

denotes

To assess the role of HIV-associated campylobacteriosis (C) according to HAART availability, 17 patients with positive culture were identified since 1991.

TextSentencer_T689

85377-85539

Sentence

denotes

Compared with the Â/1000 HIV-infected P followed in the last decade, no epidemiological differences were shown, save a greater sexual exposure to HIV (P B/0.005).

T15692

85377-85539

Sentence

denotes

Compared with the Â/1000 HIV-infected P followed in the last decade, no epidemiological differences were shown, save a greater sexual exposure to HIV (P B/0.005).

TextSentencer_T690

85540-85789

Sentence

denotes

The introduction of HAART caused a drop of frequency of C (from 1.8 to 0.9 episodes per 1000 p-year; P B/0.0001), and modified clinical features, with disappearance of dissemination and mortality, reported in 7 and 2 patients before 1996 (P B/0.03).

T67413

85540-85789

Sentence

denotes

The introduction of HAART caused a drop of frequency of C (from 1.8 to 0.9 episodes per 1000 p-year; P B/0.0001), and modified clinical features, with disappearance of dissemination and mortality, reported in 7 and 2 patients before 1996 (P B/0.03).

TextSentencer_T691

85790-85914

Sentence

denotes

HIV-related immunodeficiency and disease stage were significantly related to C features before and after HAART availability:

T41804

85790-85914

Sentence

denotes

HIV-related immunodeficiency and disease stage were significantly related to C features before and after HAART availability:

TextSentencer_T692

85915-85985

Sentence

denotes

P B/0.0001 for CD4 and neutrophil count, P B/0.007 for AIDS diagnosis.

T59141

85915-85985

Sentence

denotes

P B/0.0001 for CD4 and neutrophil count, P B/0.007 for AIDS diagnosis.

TextSentencer_T693

85986-86089

Sentence

denotes

Most cases (15) were community-acquired, but alimentary or environmental risk factors were never found.

T65660

85986-86089

Sentence

denotes

Most cases (15) were community-acquired, but alimentary or environmental risk factors were never found.

TextSentencer_T694

86090-86258

Sentence

denotes

Ten patients received cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (nine before 1996; P B/ 0.03), while no relationship occurred with steroid or antibiotic use, caused 14 cases out of 17.

T97061

86090-86258

Sentence

denotes

Ten patients received cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (nine before 1996; P B/ 0.03), while no relationship occurred with steroid or antibiotic use, caused 14 cases out of 17.

TextSentencer_T695

86259-86405

Sentence

denotes

A 100% sensitivity was found to quinolones, followed by cephalosporins (82.3%), gentamicin (76.5%), macrolides (64.7%), and cotrimoxazole (47.1%).

T99906

86259-86405

Sentence

denotes

A 100% sensitivity was found to quinolones, followed by cephalosporins (82.3%), gentamicin (76.5%), macrolides (64.7%), and cotrimoxazole (47.1%).

TextSentencer_T696

86406-86572

Sentence

denotes

A 8 Á/18-day antimicrobial therapy cured 16 P , but relapses caused by similar strains occurred in 6 patients within 2 Á/8 weeks, all in the pre-HAART era (P B/0.05).

T46041

86406-86572

Sentence

denotes

A 8 Á/18-day antimicrobial therapy cured 16 P , but relapses caused by similar strains occurred in 6 patients within 2 Á/8 weeks, all in the pre-HAART era (P B/0.05).

TextSentencer_T697

86573-86654

Sentence

denotes

C still occurs in the HAART era, probably due to its varied mode of transmission.

T63835

86573-86654

Sentence

denotes

C still occurs in the HAART era, probably due to its varied mode of transmission.

TextSentencer_T698

86655-86801

Sentence

denotes

The frequency of C is greater in HIV-infected patients, but less frequent visceralization, recurrences, and mortality characterized the HAART era.

T19161

86655-86801

Sentence

denotes

The frequency of C is greater in HIV-infected patients, but less frequent visceralization, recurrences, and mortality characterized the HAART era.

TextSentencer_T699

86802-86812

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T28742

86802-86812

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T700

86813-87002

Sentence

denotes

To determine the incidence and risk factors for nosocomial viral respiratory infections (NRVI) and involvement of Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) in a neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit.

T9954

86813-87002

Sentence

denotes

To determine the incidence and risk factors for nosocomial viral respiratory infections (NRVI) and involvement of Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) in a neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit.

TextSentencer_T701

87003-87011

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T35704

87003-87011

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T702

87012-87044

Sentence

denotes

Prospective observational study.

T98605

87012-87044

Sentence

denotes

Prospective observational study.

TextSentencer_T703

87045-87158

Sentence

denotes

Nasal samples were obtained by cytological brush at admission and weekly thereafter for all hospitalized infants.

T13106

87045-87158

Sentence

denotes

Nasal samples were obtained by cytological brush at admission and weekly thereafter for all hospitalized infants.

TextSentencer_T704

87159-87203

Sentence

denotes

Nasal samples were taken monthly from staff.

T14353

87159-87203

Sentence

denotes

Nasal samples were taken monthly from staff.

TextSentencer_T705

87204-87422

Sentence

denotes

Virological studies were performed, using immunofluorescence for Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV), Influenza viruses, paramyxoviruses, and adenoviruses; both immunofluorescence and RT-PCR were used for HCoV detection.

T8272

87204-87422

Sentence

denotes

Virological studies were performed, using immunofluorescence for Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV), Influenza viruses, paramyxoviruses, and adenoviruses; both immunofluorescence and RT-PCR were used for HCoV detection.

TextSentencer_T706

87423-87431

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T43044

87423-87431

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T707

87432-87513

Sentence

denotes

During 1998, 42 HCoV related NRVI were detected in 152 NN and six in 92 children.

T88858

87432-87513

Sentence

denotes

During 1998, 42 HCoV related NRVI were detected in 152 NN and six in 92 children.

TextSentencer_T708

87514-87646

Sentence

denotes

Three HCoV-related outbreaks were observed (February, August and December), associated with a high prevalence of infection in staff.

T98066

87514-87646

Sentence

denotes

Three HCoV-related outbreaks were observed (February, August and December), associated with a high prevalence of infection in staff.

TextSentencer_T709

87647-87735

Sentence

denotes

During August outbreak, 18 HCoVinfected NRVI were detected over 23 hospitalized infants.

T59054

87647-87735

Sentence

denotes

During August outbreak, 18 HCoVinfected NRVI were detected over 23 hospitalized infants.

TextSentencer_T710

87736-87853

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-five of hospitalized preterm NN with gestational age under 32 weeks and 52.4% of staff members were infected.

T7986

87736-87853

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-five of hospitalized preterm NN with gestational age under 32 weeks and 52.4% of staff members were infected.

TextSentencer_T711

87854-87970

Sentence

denotes

Risk factors for NRVI in NN were birth weight, gestational age, ventilation, oxygenation and hospitalization length.

T12168

87854-87970

Sentence

denotes

Risk factors for NRVI in NN were birth weight, gestational age, ventilation, oxygenation and hospitalization length.

TextSentencer_T712

87971-88081

Sentence

denotes

Ninety-two percent of infected preterm NN were symptomatic, mainly with bradycardia and respiratory worsening.

T14377

87971-88081

Sentence

denotes

Ninety-two percent of infected preterm NN were symptomatic, mainly with bradycardia and respiratory worsening.

TextSentencer_T713

88082-88094

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T57040

88082-88094

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T714

88095-88210

Sentence

denotes

These data provide additional evidence for a significant role of HCoV in NRVI occurring in hospitalized preterm NN.

T4641

88095-88210

Sentence

denotes

These data provide additional evidence for a significant role of HCoV in NRVI occurring in hospitalized preterm NN.

TextSentencer_T715

88211-88339

Sentence

denotes

Strain typing and screening of 8 DNA targets to assess Echinococcus sp transmission in new and old geographic endemic foci OR2.5

T14789

88211-88339

Sentence

denotes

Strain typing and screening of 8 DNA targets to assess Echinococcus sp transmission in new and old geographic endemic foci OR2.5

TextSentencer_T716

88340-88621

Sentence

denotes

Bart JM a , Piarroux R a , Dia L b , Benchikh-Elfegoun MC c , Vuitton DA a , Bardonnet K a . a SERF, Parasitology, BESANCON, France , b National Centre of veterinary study, Parasitology, Nouakchott, Mauritania , c University of Mentouri, Parasitology, Constantine, Algeria Purpose:

T48421

88340-88621

Sentence

denotes

Bart JM a , Piarroux R a , Dia L b , Benchikh-Elfegoun MC c , Vuitton DA a , Bardonnet K a . a SERF, Parasitology, BESANCON, France , b National Centre of veterinary study, Parasitology, Nouakchott, Mauritania , c University of Mentouri, Parasitology, Constantine, Algeria Purpose:

TextSentencer_T717

88622-88678

Sentence

denotes

Cystic echinococcosis is due to Echinococcus granulosus.

T89930

88622-88678

Sentence

denotes

Cystic echinococcosis is due to Echinococcus granulosus.

TextSentencer_T718

88679-88844

Sentence

denotes

Parasite cycles depending on the main intermediate host species involved in different foci have been described promoting mixed infection in the same definitive host.

T46620

88679-88844

Sentence

denotes

Parasite cycles depending on the main intermediate host species involved in different foci have been described promoting mixed infection in the same definitive host.

TextSentencer_T719

88845-88993

Sentence

denotes

Strain typing is a tool to identify the main intermediate host involved via the dogs in the human infection route and to focus the control measures.

T56322

88845-88993

Sentence

denotes

Strain typing is a tool to identify the main intermediate host involved via the dogs in the human infection route and to focus the control measures.

TextSentencer_T720

88994-89101

Sentence

denotes

Many DNA targets have been used to compare samples and to access the parasite cycle in different countries.

T95642

88994-89101

Sentence

denotes

Many DNA targets have been used to compare samples and to access the parasite cycle in different countries.

TextSentencer_T721

89102-89163

Sentence

denotes

But no study has compared the value of each of these targets.

T16662

89102-89163

Sentence

denotes

But no study has compared the value of each of these targets.

TextSentencer_T722

89164-89309

Sentence

denotes

Eight targets have been tested in Mauritania where echinococcosis is an emergent disease, and in Algeria where strain typing has never been done.

T20773

89164-89309

Sentence

denotes

Eight targets have been tested in Mauritania where echinococcosis is an emergent disease, and in Algeria where strain typing has never been done.

TextSentencer_T723

89310-89435

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-five cyst samples from human, ovine, camel and bovine have been tested with six nuclear and two mitochondrial targets.

T21665

89310-89435

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-five cyst samples from human, ovine, camel and bovine have been tested with six nuclear and two mitochondrial targets.

TextSentencer_T724

89436-89444

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T43569

89436-89444

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T725

89445-89560

Sentence

denotes

The two mitochondrial targets and four out the six nuclear targets have allowed to discriminate the different foci.

T64736

89445-89560

Sentence

denotes

The two mitochondrial targets and four out the six nuclear targets have allowed to discriminate the different foci.

TextSentencer_T726

89561-89678

Sentence

denotes

Two strains have been found infectious to human : the 'sheep' strain in Algeria and the 'camel' strain in Mauritania.

T99336

89561-89678

Sentence

denotes

Two strains have been found infectious to human : the 'sheep' strain in Algeria and the 'camel' strain in Mauritania.

TextSentencer_T727

89679-89690

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T32769

89679-89690

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T728

89691-89866

Sentence

denotes

Although overlapping geographically sometimes, this raises the question of the respective genetic evolution of the different strains and of their involving in human infection.

T92286

89691-89866

Sentence

denotes

Although overlapping geographically sometimes, this raises the question of the respective genetic evolution of the different strains and of their involving in human infection.

TextSentencer_T729

89867-89917

Sentence

denotes

Alveolar echinococcosis in France: an update OR2.6

T20225

89867-89917

Sentence

denotes

Alveolar echinococcosis in France: an update OR2.6

TextSentencer_T730

89918-90168

Sentence

denotes

Bardonnet K, Bresson-Hadni S, Bartholomot B, Gérard A, Watelet J, Beytout J, Saurin JC, Piarroux R, Vuitton DA, WHO Centre Collaborating for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France Introduction:

T20053

89918-90168

Sentence

denotes

Bardonnet K, Bresson-Hadni S, Bartholomot B, Gérard A, Watelet J, Beytout J, Saurin JC, Piarroux R, Vuitton DA, WHO Centre Collaborating for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France Introduction:

TextSentencer_T731

90169-90265

Sentence

denotes

The highest prevalence rate for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Europe has been found in France.

T53842

90169-90265

Sentence

denotes

The highest prevalence rate for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Europe has been found in France.

TextSentencer_T732

90266-90414

Sentence

denotes

In 1997, a French observatory of human AE was done in order to get data that could be used to evaluate presentation, evolution and management of AE.

T40662

90266-90414

Sentence

denotes

In 1997, a French observatory of human AE was done in order to get data that could be used to evaluate presentation, evolution and management of AE.

TextSentencer_T733

90415-90432

Sentence

denotes

Material-Methods:

T35178

90415-90432

Sentence

denotes

Material-Methods:

TextSentencer_T734

90433-90489

Sentence

denotes

French cases were collected for the period 1982 Á/ 2002.

T47100

90433-90489

Sentence

denotes

French cases were collected for the period 1982 Á/ 2002.

TextSentencer_T735

90490-90560

Sentence

denotes

Registration of every case was performed with the subject's agreement.

T2971

90490-90560

Sentence

denotes

Registration of every case was performed with the subject's agreement.

TextSentencer_T736

90561-90681

Sentence

denotes

A questionnaire was filled in by referring to the patients' medical files or to practitioners or to patients themselves.

T63286

90561-90681

Sentence

denotes

A questionnaire was filled in by referring to the patients' medical files or to practitioners or to patients themselves.

TextSentencer_T737

90682-90776

Sentence

denotes

Completeness of the collection of cases was ensured by multiplying the sources of information.

T1580

90682-90776

Sentence

denotes

Completeness of the collection of cases was ensured by multiplying the sources of information.

TextSentencer_T738

90777-90785

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T16616

90777-90785

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T739

90786-90845

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and sixty nine French patients were registered.

T39568

90786-90845

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and sixty nine French patients were registered.

TextSentencer_T740

90846-90867

Sentence

denotes

Sex ratio averaged 1.

T63915

90846-90867

Sentence

denotes

Sex ratio averaged 1.

TextSentencer_T741

90868-90906

Sentence

denotes

Mean age at diagnostic was 54.8 years.

T87999

90868-90906

Sentence

denotes

Mean age at diagnostic was 54.8 years.

TextSentencer_T742

90907-90978

Sentence

denotes

12.5% of diagnosis was performed in 'echinococcosis free' French areas.

T49887

90907-90978

Sentence

denotes

12.5% of diagnosis was performed in 'echinococcosis free' French areas.

TextSentencer_T743

90979-91073

Sentence

denotes

Symptoms, but not always specific liver symptoms, were present at diagnosis in 76.4% of cases.

T23721

90979-91073

Sentence

denotes

Symptoms, but not always specific liver symptoms, were present at diagnosis in 76.4% of cases.

TextSentencer_T744

91074-91135

Sentence

denotes

The liver was the main location of lesions in 93.6% of cases.

T94688

91074-91135

Sentence

denotes

The liver was the main location of lesions in 93.6% of cases.

TextSentencer_T745

91136-91232

Sentence

denotes

A wide spectrum of management of the patients was observed, accounting for regional differences.

T68116

91136-91232

Sentence

denotes

A wide spectrum of management of the patients was observed, accounting for regional differences.

TextSentencer_T746

91233-91244

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T60615

91233-91244

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T747

91245-91354

Sentence

denotes

This French observatory of human EA will facilitate a better management of the disease at the national level.

T72439

91245-91354

Sentence

denotes

This French observatory of human EA will facilitate a better management of the disease at the national level.

TextSentencer_T748

91355-91440

Sentence

denotes

It shows new epidemiological trends, and especially an extension of the endemic area.

T72400

91355-91440

Sentence

denotes

It shows new epidemiological trends, and especially an extension of the endemic area.

TextSentencer_T749

91441-91499

Sentence

denotes

Can coins and paper currency transmit Bacillus anthracis ?

T6217

91441-91499

Sentence

denotes

Can coins and paper currency transmit Bacillus anthracis ?

TextSentencer_T750

91500-91505

Sentence

denotes

OR2.7

T73

91500-91505

Sentence

denotes

OR2.7

TextSentencer_T751

91506-91519

Sentence

denotes

Ghenghesh KS.

T48296

91506-91519

Sentence

denotes

Ghenghesh KS.

TextSentencer_T752

91520-91692

Sentence

denotes

Faculty of Medicine, Al-Fateh University, Medical Microbiology, Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Anthrax is an often fatal bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis .

T25640

91520-91692

Sentence

denotes

Faculty of Medicine, Al-Fateh University, Medical Microbiology, Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Anthrax is an often fatal bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis .

TextSentencer_T753

91693-91840

Sentence

denotes

Recent events that began in September 2001 in US has gained the organism worldwide attention and heightened awareness of and concern about anthrax.

T92107

91693-91840

Sentence

denotes

Recent events that began in September 2001 in US has gained the organism worldwide attention and heightened awareness of and concern about anthrax.

TextSentencer_T754

91841-92006

Sentence

denotes

Many cases of anthrax with a number of deaths have been reported as a result of contact with envelopes, sent through postal mail, containing B. anthracis endospores.

T63858

91841-92006

Sentence

denotes

Many cases of anthrax with a number of deaths have been reported as a result of contact with envelopes, sent through postal mail, containing B. anthracis endospores.

TextSentencer_T755

92007-92270

Sentence

denotes

A number of studies have shown that currency is colonized with bacterial organisms, that include enteropathogens (e.g. Shigella sp.), other enteric flora (e.g. Escherichia coli ) and potential pathogens (e.g. Staphylcoccus sp. , Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.).

T15377

92007-92270

Sentence

denotes

A number of studies have shown that currency is colonized with bacterial organisms, that include enteropathogens (e.g. Shigella sp.), other enteric flora (e.g. Escherichia coli ) and potential pathogens (e.g. Staphylcoccus sp. , Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.).

TextSentencer_T756

92271-92416

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates that produced enterotoxin (SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 also been reported.

T14364

92271-92416

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates that produced enterotoxin (SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 also been reported.

TextSentencer_T757

92417-92571

Sentence

denotes

All of these studies do agree on that currency may be considered as a method of spreading potentially pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria in the community.

T54909

92417-92571

Sentence

denotes

All of these studies do agree on that currency may be considered as a method of spreading potentially pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria in the community.

TextSentencer_T758

92572-92691

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, currency could also be a vehicle for spreading other highly pathogenic organisms that include B. anthracis .

T23413

92572-92691

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, currency could also be a vehicle for spreading other highly pathogenic organisms that include B. anthracis .

TextSentencer_T759

92692-92814

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the introduction of the 'euro' could also allow such bacteria greater freedom to travel across the euro zone.

T52755

92692-92814

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the introduction of the 'euro' could also allow such bacteria greater freedom to travel across the euro zone.

TextSentencer_T760

92815-93016

Sentence

denotes

The threat of using currency, particularly paper notes, in spreading lethal organisms should be investigated and proper measures to prevent the use of such a method by terrorists should be implemented.

T16470

92815-93016

Sentence

denotes

The threat of using currency, particularly paper notes, in spreading lethal organisms should be investigated and proper measures to prevent the use of such a method by terrorists should be implemented.

TextSentencer_T761

93017-93120

Sentence

denotes

Salvage of temporary femoral catheters for haemodialysis using antibiotics in ambulatory patients OR2.8

T82234

93017-93120

Sentence

denotes

Salvage of temporary femoral catheters for haemodialysis using antibiotics in ambulatory patients OR2.8

TextSentencer_T762

93121-93159

Sentence

denotes

Gerasimovska V, Oncevski A, Dejanov P.

T74274

93121-93159

Sentence

denotes

Gerasimovska V, Oncevski A, Dejanov P.

TextSentencer_T763

93160-93250

Sentence

denotes

Department of Nephrology, Clinical Centre, Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia

T6082

93160-93250

Sentence

denotes

Department of Nephrology, Clinical Centre, Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia

TextSentencer_T764

93251-93345

Sentence

denotes

The stay of femoral catheters (FC) for haemodialysis is typically short-term for several days.

T14463

93251-93345

Sentence

denotes

The stay of femoral catheters (FC) for haemodialysis is typically short-term for several days.

TextSentencer_T765

93346-93525

Sentence

denotes

We used FC as a temporary vascular access (VA) for a longer period of time in outpatients going on regular ambulatory haemodialysis, who had a problem with their permanent access.

T19454

93346-93525

Sentence

denotes

We used FC as a temporary vascular access (VA) for a longer period of time in outpatients going on regular ambulatory haemodialysis, who had a problem with their permanent access.

TextSentencer_T766

93526-93591

Sentence

denotes

We analysed 43 patients who were discharged from hosptal with FC.

T27268

93526-93591

Sentence

denotes

We analysed 43 patients who were discharged from hosptal with FC.

TextSentencer_T767

93592-93696

Sentence

denotes

Duration time of FC was between 13 and 183 days (average 44.2 days) with cummulative total of 1989 days.

T76364

93592-93696

Sentence

denotes

Duration time of FC was between 13 and 183 days (average 44.2 days) with cummulative total of 1989 days.

TextSentencer_T768

93697-93764

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of bacteriaemia was 2.51 episodes/1000 catheter days.

T34205

93697-93764

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of bacteriaemia was 2.51 episodes/1000 catheter days.

TextSentencer_T769

93765-94043

Sentence

denotes

In six patients we had signs of infection, so according to our protocol we took blood cultures from peripheral vein, and from catheter (at same time) and started with antibiotic therapy (AB) systemically and locally (AB was 'locked' in catheter) with different duration of time.

T26718

93765-94043

Sentence

denotes

In six patients we had signs of infection, so according to our protocol we took blood cultures from peripheral vein, and from catheter (at same time) and started with antibiotic therapy (AB) systemically and locally (AB was 'locked' in catheter) with different duration of time.

TextSentencer_T770

94044-94195

Sentence

denotes

Dominant microorganism was Staphylococcus coagulasa negative, and much less Staphylococcus aureus , and Enterococcus.AB that were frequently used were:

T49478

94044-94195

Sentence

denotes

Dominant microorganism was Staphylococcus coagulasa negative, and much less Staphylococcus aureus , and Enterococcus.AB that were frequently used were:

TextSentencer_T771

94196-94236

Sentence

denotes

Cefotaxim, Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin.

T53866

94196-94236

Sentence

denotes

Cefotaxim, Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin.

TextSentencer_T772

94237-94324

Sentence

denotes

At one of six patients we removed catheter at once without trying to save the catheter.

T89146

94237-94324

Sentence

denotes

At one of six patients we removed catheter at once without trying to save the catheter.

TextSentencer_T773

94325-94380

Sentence

denotes

Catheter tip was sent for microbiological analysis too.

T17951

94325-94380

Sentence

denotes

Catheter tip was sent for microbiological analysis too.

TextSentencer_T774

94381-94529

Sentence

denotes

Criteria for catheter-related bacteriemia (CRB) was found in only one patient, and for possible CRB in five patients after we removed the catheters.

T61842

94381-94529

Sentence

denotes

Criteria for catheter-related bacteriemia (CRB) was found in only one patient, and for possible CRB in five patients after we removed the catheters.

TextSentencer_T775

94530-94733

Sentence

denotes

In the absence of clinical signs of infection, AB treatment was not provided for positive tip culture alone or for positive blood culture of the catheter with negative blood culture from peripheral vein.

T22227

94530-94733

Sentence

denotes

In the absence of clinical signs of infection, AB treatment was not provided for positive tip culture alone or for positive blood culture of the catheter with negative blood culture from peripheral vein.

TextSentencer_T776

94734-94772

Sentence

denotes

Advances in meningitis education OR2.9

T15743

94734-94772

Sentence

denotes

Advances in meningitis education OR2.9

TextSentencer_T777

94773-94985

Sentence

denotes

Holt DE a , Tait MI b , Cavanna AL b , Worgan-Brown S a , Hart B a . a The Meningitis Trust, Stroud, UK , b The Computer-aided Learning Unit, School of Health Science, University of Wales, Swansea, UK Background:

T84011

94773-94985

Sentence

denotes

Holt DE a , Tait MI b , Cavanna AL b , Worgan-Brown S a , Hart B a . a The Meningitis Trust, Stroud, UK , b The Computer-aided Learning Unit, School of Health Science, University of Wales, Swansea, UK Background:

TextSentencer_T778

94986-95103

Sentence

denotes

Meningitis remains an important cause of death worldwide despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

T93582

94986-95103

Sentence

denotes

Meningitis remains an important cause of death worldwide despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

TextSentencer_T779

95104-95305

Sentence

denotes

Clinical and lay awareness of the disease relies on education, however educational delivery has changed and the introduction of material suitable for computer and internet application is now necessary.

T27018

95104-95305

Sentence

denotes

Clinical and lay awareness of the disease relies on education, however educational delivery has changed and the introduction of material suitable for computer and internet application is now necessary.

TextSentencer_T780

95306-95440

Sentence

denotes

We have developed educational material on CDROM and on the internet applicable both at tertiary university and secondary school level.

T81495

95306-95440

Sentence

denotes

We have developed educational material on CDROM and on the internet applicable both at tertiary university and secondary school level.

TextSentencer_T781

95441-95453

Sentence

denotes

Application:

T84085

95441-95453

Sentence

denotes

Application:

TextSentencer_T782

95454-95551

Sentence

denotes

A computer-aided learning program on CDROM, covering all aspects of meningitis has been produced.

T41074

95454-95551

Sentence

denotes

A computer-aided learning program on CDROM, covering all aspects of meningitis has been produced.

TextSentencer_T783

95552-95668

Sentence

denotes

It is suitable for undergraduate teaching of healthcare professionals from student nurse and doctors to pharmacists.

T82805

95552-95668

Sentence

denotes

It is suitable for undergraduate teaching of healthcare professionals from student nurse and doctors to pharmacists.

TextSentencer_T784

95669-95799

Sentence

denotes

In order to reach school children in a form acceptable to both pupils and teachers, we have developed a curriculum-linked website.

T46389

95669-95799

Sentence

denotes

In order to reach school children in a form acceptable to both pupils and teachers, we have developed a curriculum-linked website.

TextSentencer_T785

95800-95960

Sentence

denotes

These applications are simple to use and can be incorporated into existing courses of study, so that issues raised can be discussed with tutors and group peers.

T8831

95800-95960

Sentence

denotes

These applications are simple to use and can be incorporated into existing courses of study, so that issues raised can be discussed with tutors and group peers.

TextSentencer_T786

95961-95969

Sentence

denotes

Comment:

T87164

95961-95969

Sentence

denotes

Comment:

TextSentencer_T787

95970-96086

Sentence

denotes

The introduction of new methods of teaching and learning mean that compatible educational material must be produced.

T13582

95970-96086

Sentence

denotes

The introduction of new methods of teaching and learning mean that compatible educational material must be produced.

TextSentencer_T788

96087-96292

Sentence

denotes

We believe that these applications, focusing on meningitis, are the first of their kind and that they offer tutors the opportunity to progress their teaching of the disease both in methodology and content.

T58456

96087-96292

Sentence

denotes

We believe that these applications, focusing on meningitis, are the first of their kind and that they offer tutors the opportunity to progress their teaching of the disease both in methodology and content.

TextSentencer_T789

96293-96421

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin compared to famciclovir for improved therapy of herpes zoster: effects on acute disease and postherpetic neuralgia OR3.

T63991

96293-96421

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin compared to famciclovir for improved therapy of herpes zoster: effects on acute disease and postherpetic neuralgia OR3.

TextSentencer_T790

96422-96567

Sentence

denotes

Potentially treatment-related adverse events occurred in 11.8% of the brivudin recipients and in 10.1% of the famciclovir recipients (P 0/ 0.26).

T21143

96422-96567

Sentence

denotes

Potentially treatment-related adverse events occurred in 11.8% of the brivudin recipients and in 10.1% of the famciclovir recipients (P 0/ 0.26).

TextSentencer_T791

96568-96580

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T11790

96568-96580

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T792

96581-96717

Sentence

denotes

In zoster patients ]/50 years, brivudin 1)/125 mg and famciclovir 3)/250 mg showed equivalent effects on prevalence and duration of PHN.

T29824

96581-96717

Sentence

denotes

In zoster patients ]/50 years, brivudin 1)/125 mg and famciclovir 3)/250 mg showed equivalent effects on prevalence and duration of PHN.

TextSentencer_T793

96718-96811

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin is as effective as famciclovir in stopping viral replication in acute herpes zoster.

T61383

96718-96811

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin is as effective as famciclovir in stopping viral replication in acute herpes zoster.

TextSentencer_T794

96812-96918

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin offers the advantage of a once daily dosage regimen while being as well tolerated as famciclovir.

T38226

96812-96918

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin offers the advantage of a once daily dosage regimen while being as well tolerated as famciclovir.

TextSentencer_T795

96919-97120

Sentence

denotes

Activity of complexes of Pt(II) and Pd(II) with pyridine-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HFoTsc) (Acta Virol., 2001, 45, 87) with selectivity index (SI) 1.5 times higher than that of acyclovir (ACV).

T79113

96919-97120

Sentence

denotes

Activity of complexes of Pt(II) and Pd(II) with pyridine-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HFoTsc) (Acta Virol., 2001, 45, 87) with selectivity index (SI) 1.5 times higher than that of acyclovir (ACV).

TextSentencer_T796

97121-97281

Sentence

denotes

In order to evaluate virus specific response and structure Á/activity relationships we continue our investigations with three Pt(II) and three Pd(II) complexes.

T85676

97121-97281

Sentence

denotes

In order to evaluate virus specific response and structure Á/activity relationships we continue our investigations with three Pt(II) and three Pd(II) complexes.

TextSentencer_T797

97282-97476

Sentence

denotes

The activity was evaluated against sensitive to ACV HSV 2 (strain Bja) and resistant strains R-100 (HSV 1) and PU (HSV 2) and compared to that obtained against strain Victoria (HSV 1) infection.

T45212

97282-97476

Sentence

denotes

The activity was evaluated against sensitive to ACV HSV 2 (strain Bja) and resistant strains R-100 (HSV 1) and PU (HSV 2) and compared to that obtained against strain Victoria (HSV 1) infection.

TextSentencer_T798

97477-97508

Sentence

denotes

SI was indicative for activity.

T89039

97477-97508

Sentence

denotes

SI was indicative for activity.

TextSentencer_T799

97509-97701

Sentence

denotes

The virus specific response was demonstrated by the fact that viruses sensitive to ACV were also sensitive to Pt(HFoTsc) 2 ]Cl 2 , while ACV resistant viruses were sensitive to [PtCl(FoTsc) ].

T94325

97509-97701

Sentence

denotes

The virus specific response was demonstrated by the fact that viruses sensitive to ACV were also sensitive to Pt(HFoTsc) 2 ]Cl 2 , while ACV resistant viruses were sensitive to [PtCl(FoTsc) ].

TextSentencer_T800

97702-97822

Sentence

denotes

The structure Á/activity relationship was proved by the fact that the less active against HSV infection was [Pd(FoTsc)].

T86108

97702-97822

Sentence

denotes

The structure Á/activity relationship was proved by the fact that the less active against HSV infection was [Pd(FoTsc)].

TextSentencer_T801

97823-97952

Sentence

denotes

Influenza diagnosis, treatment, and the impact of new antivirals on current treatment behaviours during influenza outbreaks OR3.3

T43741

97823-97952

Sentence

denotes

Influenza diagnosis, treatment, and the impact of new antivirals on current treatment behaviours during influenza outbreaks OR3.3

TextSentencer_T802

97953-98000

Sentence

denotes

Schaetz L a , Sessa A b , a Hoffman-La Roche F.

T37306

97953-98000

Sentence

denotes

Schaetz L a , Sessa A b , a Hoffman-La Roche F.

TextSentencer_T803

98001-98085

Sentence

denotes

Basel, Switzerland , b Italian College of General Practitioners, Italy Introduction:

T35175

98001-98085

Sentence

denotes

Basel, Switzerland , b Italian College of General Practitioners, Italy Introduction:

TextSentencer_T804

98086-98184

Sentence

denotes

Annual influenza epidemics severely affect individuals, families, health care systems and society.

T94724

98086-98184

Sentence

denotes

Annual influenza epidemics severely affect individuals, families, health care systems and society.

TextSentencer_T805

98185-98292

Sentence

denotes

The availability of new and specific antivirals provides an opportunity for better management of influenza.

T40603

98185-98292

Sentence

denotes

The availability of new and specific antivirals provides an opportunity for better management of influenza.

TextSentencer_T806

98293-98301

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T83519

98293-98301

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T807

98302-98523

Sentence

denotes

During the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 influenza seasons, physicians ( Â/100/country) and public ( Â/1000/country) in the USA and Europe were interviewed to determine perceptions of influenza and behaviours for its treatment.

T63071

98302-98523

Sentence

denotes

During the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 influenza seasons, physicians ( Â/100/country) and public ( Â/1000/country) in the USA and Europe were interviewed to determine perceptions of influenza and behaviours for its treatment.

TextSentencer_T808

98524-98532

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T87738

98524-98532

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T809

98533-98647

Sentence

denotes

Patients recognise influenza illness as severe and identify it by symptoms of fever, muscle aches/pains and cough.

T48320

98533-98647

Sentence

denotes

Patients recognise influenza illness as severe and identify it by symptoms of fever, muscle aches/pains and cough.

TextSentencer_T810

98648-98820

Sentence

denotes

Physicians use these symptoms to diagnose influenza clinically (93% fever, 78% muscle aches/pains, 47% cough); their main treatment objective being to reduce complications.

T73413

98648-98820

Sentence

denotes

Physicians use these symptoms to diagnose influenza clinically (93% fever, 78% muscle aches/pains, 47% cough); their main treatment objective being to reduce complications.

TextSentencer_T811

98821-98996

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotics for influenza treatment are broadly recommended/prescribed by about 30% of European physicians, whereas currently available antivirals are only recommended by 10%.

T88146

98821-98996

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotics for influenza treatment are broadly recommended/prescribed by about 30% of European physicians, whereas currently available antivirals are only recommended by 10%.

TextSentencer_T812

98997-99151

Sentence

denotes

The recommendation of antivirals by US physicians increased from 47% (season 99/00) to 62% (00/01) and markedly decreased antibiotic use (from 25 to 11%).

T10969

98997-99151

Sentence

denotes

The recommendation of antivirals by US physicians increased from 47% (season 99/00) to 62% (00/01) and markedly decreased antibiotic use (from 25 to 11%).

TextSentencer_T813

99152-99343

Sentence

denotes

Experience from the two influenza seasons shows that influenza antivirals are only used while the virus is circulating and that the volume of use is proportional to the size of the outbreaks.

T52140

99152-99343

Sentence

denotes

Experience from the two influenza seasons shows that influenza antivirals are only used while the virus is circulating and that the volume of use is proportional to the size of the outbreaks.

TextSentencer_T814

99344-99356

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T87083

99344-99356

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T815

99357-99491

Sentence

denotes

Experiences in the USA show that with prompt outbreak information antivirals can be used appropriately in times of influenza activity.

T62399

99357-99491

Sentence

denotes

Experiences in the USA show that with prompt outbreak information antivirals can be used appropriately in times of influenza activity.

TextSentencer_T816

99492-99607

Sentence

denotes

Influenza treatment with oseltamivir: costs and benefits for the individual as well as for society OR3.4 Objective:

T43046

99492-99607

Sentence

denotes

Influenza treatment with oseltamivir: costs and benefits for the individual as well as for society OR3.4 Objective:

TextSentencer_T817

99608-99741

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the effects of treatment of influenza with antivirals (oseltamivir) on health outcomes and costs to patients and society.

T74516

99608-99741

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the effects of treatment of influenza with antivirals (oseltamivir) on health outcomes and costs to patients and society.

TextSentencer_T818

99742-99750

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T98382

99742-99750

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T819

99751-99847

Sentence

denotes

Based on clinical trial data and data from the literature a simulation model has been developed.

T335

99751-99847

Sentence

denotes

Based on clinical trial data and data from the literature a simulation model has been developed.

TextSentencer_T820

99848-99960

Sentence

denotes

The underlying clinical pathway covers morbidity and mortality due to influenza and its specified complications.

T69039

99848-99960

Sentence

denotes

The underlying clinical pathway covers morbidity and mortality due to influenza and its specified complications.

TextSentencer_T821

99961-100028

Sentence

denotes

Health outcome data and costs were attached to events in the model.

T13403

99961-100028

Sentence

denotes

Health outcome data and costs were attached to events in the model.

TextSentencer_T822

100029-100154

Sentence

denotes

The model compares various scenarios, which are defined by treatment schemes within defined populations and other parameters.

T67016

100029-100154

Sentence

denotes

The model compares various scenarios, which are defined by treatment schemes within defined populations and other parameters.

TextSentencer_T823

100155-100300

Sentence

denotes

Application of the model is shown using UK unit cost data simulating an otherwise healthy adult population comparing oseltamivir with usual care.

T98912

100155-100300

Sentence

denotes

Application of the model is shown using UK unit cost data simulating an otherwise healthy adult population comparing oseltamivir with usual care.

TextSentencer_T824

100301-100309

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T42666

100301-100309

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T825

100310-100438

Sentence

denotes

Early treatment results in reduced morbidity, which translates into faster recovery and return to normal activities (1.93 days).

T96883

100310-100438

Sentence

denotes

Early treatment results in reduced morbidity, which translates into faster recovery and return to normal activities (1.93 days).

TextSentencer_T826

100439-100537

Sentence

denotes

Lower morbidity and mortality make this a cost-effective intervention from a societal perspective.

T27647

100439-100537

Sentence

denotes

Lower morbidity and mortality make this a cost-effective intervention from a societal perspective.

TextSentencer_T827

100538-100655

Sentence

denotes

The analysis covers more than 10 different scenarios and the incremental cost effectiveness ratios will be discussed.

T48858

100538-100655

Sentence

denotes

The analysis covers more than 10 different scenarios and the incremental cost effectiveness ratios will be discussed.

TextSentencer_T828

100656-100667

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T38806

100656-100667

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T829

100668-100842

Sentence

denotes

Antiviral treatment appears to be effective in terms of health outcome and cost for otherwise healthy adults from the perspectives of both the individual patient and society.

T99140

100668-100842

Sentence

denotes

Antiviral treatment appears to be effective in terms of health outcome and cost for otherwise healthy adults from the perspectives of both the individual patient and society.

TextSentencer_T830

100843-100963

Sentence

denotes

However, this effect is very sensitive to time when treatment is started and the accuracy of the diagnosis of influenza.

T80561

100843-100963

Sentence

denotes

However, this effect is very sensitive to time when treatment is started and the accuracy of the diagnosis of influenza.

TextSentencer_T831

100964-101021

Sentence

denotes

Oseltamivir is well tolerated by all patient groups OR3.5

T88234

100964-101021

Sentence

denotes

Oseltamivir is well tolerated by all patient groups OR3.5

TextSentencer_T832

101022-101223

Sentence

denotes

Thakar B a , Dutkowski R b , Froelich E c , Gilbride J a , Ward P a . a Roche Global Development, Welwyn, UK , b F Hoffman-La Roche, Nutley, USA , c F Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland Introduction:

T71568

101022-101223

Sentence

denotes

Thakar B a , Dutkowski R b , Froelich E c , Gilbride J a , Ward P a . a Roche Global Development, Welwyn, UK , b F Hoffman-La Roche, Nutley, USA , c F Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland Introduction:

TextSentencer_T833

101224-101393

Sentence

denotes

Oral oseltamivir, the ethyl ester pro-drug of a potent inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, is licensed for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in the USA.

T29454

101224-101393

Sentence

denotes

Oral oseltamivir, the ethyl ester pro-drug of a potent inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, is licensed for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in the USA.

TextSentencer_T834

101394-101415

Sentence

denotes

Patients and Methods:

T40891

101394-101415

Sentence

denotes

Patients and Methods:

TextSentencer_T835

101416-101662

Sentence

denotes

Safety data [adverse events, laboratory safety evaluations] derived from clinical trials involving !/12 000 subjects (including Â/1000 children and Â/1200 high-risk adults) and 400 healthy volunteers in a large study investigating ECG parameters.

T43962

101416-101662

Sentence

denotes

Safety data [adverse events, laboratory safety evaluations] derived from clinical trials involving !/12 000 subjects (including Â/1000 children and Â/1200 high-risk adults) and 400 healthy volunteers in a large study investigating ECG parameters.

TextSentencer_T836

101663-101777

Sentence

denotes

Spontaneous event reports from MEDWATCH or yellow-card reports following use by Â/2 000 000 individuals worldwide.

T60406

101663-101777

Sentence

denotes

Spontaneous event reports from MEDWATCH or yellow-card reports following use by Â/2 000 000 individuals worldwide.

TextSentencer_T837

101778-101888

Sentence

denotes

An observational case-control study of !/10 000 subjects with influenza-like illness treated with oseltamivir.

T21073

101778-101888

Sentence

denotes

An observational case-control study of !/10 000 subjects with influenza-like illness treated with oseltamivir.

TextSentencer_T838

101889-101897

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T42643

101889-101897

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T839

101898-102052

Sentence

denotes

Oseltamivir was well tolerated in clinical trials; drug-related side-effects were limited to transient GI effects occurring in 5/1:10 exposed individuals.

T18945

101898-102052

Sentence

denotes

Oseltamivir was well tolerated in clinical trials; drug-related side-effects were limited to transient GI effects occurring in 5/1:10 exposed individuals.

TextSentencer_T840

102053-102130

Sentence

denotes

These resolved spontaneously and caused drop out in B/1% of treated subjects.

T35724

102053-102130

Sentence

denotes

These resolved spontaneously and caused drop out in B/1% of treated subjects.

TextSentencer_T841

102131-102217

Sentence

denotes

No effects on ECG parameters were noted at doses ]/sixfold above the licensed regimen.

T42053

102131-102217

Sentence

denotes

No effects on ECG parameters were noted at doses ]/sixfold above the licensed regimen.

TextSentencer_T842

102218-102275

Sentence

denotes

Oseltamivir had no adverse effects on pulmonary function.

T74372

102218-102275

Sentence

denotes

Oseltamivir had no adverse effects on pulmonary function.

TextSentencer_T843

102276-102396

Sentence

denotes

No additional effects were identified among high-risk adults or children, or following prolonged dosing for prophylaxis.

T30184

102276-102396

Sentence

denotes

No additional effects were identified among high-risk adults or children, or following prolonged dosing for prophylaxis.

TextSentencer_T844

102397-102521

Sentence

denotes

Occasional reports of liver dysfunction have been documented post-marketing but causal association has not been established.

T13044

102397-102521

Sentence

denotes

Occasional reports of liver dysfunction have been documented post-marketing but causal association has not been established.

TextSentencer_T845

102522-102534

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T77073

102522-102534

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T846

102535-102643

Sentence

denotes

Oral oseltamivir is an effective and safe antiviral suitable for influenza management in all patient groups.

T78954

102535-102643

Sentence

denotes

Oral oseltamivir is an effective and safe antiviral suitable for influenza management in all patient groups.

TextSentencer_T847

102644-102854

Sentence

denotes

The decision to stop the vaccination against smallpox and the loss of specific immunity of a high proportion of the population made apocalyptic the perspective of a natural or provoked re-emergence of smallpox.

T30973

102644-102854

Sentence

denotes

The decision to stop the vaccination against smallpox and the loss of specific immunity of a high proportion of the population made apocalyptic the perspective of a natural or provoked re-emergence of smallpox.

TextSentencer_T848

102855-102968

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, it is important to improve the current capacities to prevent or to treat the orthopoxvirus infections.

T74522

102855-102968

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, it is important to improve the current capacities to prevent or to treat the orthopoxvirus infections.

TextSentencer_T849

102969-103065

Sentence

denotes

Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) is one viral enzyme indispensable to the replication of poxviruses.

T25087

102969-103065

Sentence

denotes

Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) is one viral enzyme indispensable to the replication of poxviruses.

TextSentencer_T850

103066-103292

Sentence

denotes

UDG of the Copenhagen strain of Vaccinia virus (VV) was characterized with the aim of defining specific inhibitors susceptible to be used as a new class of active antiviral substances on the viruses of the Orthopoxvirus genus.

T3139

103066-103292

Sentence

denotes

UDG of the Copenhagen strain of Vaccinia virus (VV) was characterized with the aim of defining specific inhibitors susceptible to be used as a new class of active antiviral substances on the viruses of the Orthopoxvirus genus.

TextSentencer_T851

103293-103479

Sentence

denotes

The activity of this enzyme was analysed in real time, in an original method, on a PCR quantitative instrument by digestion of amplified DNA revealed by fluorescent intercaled molecules.

T50462

103293-103479

Sentence

denotes

The activity of this enzyme was analysed in real time, in an original method, on a PCR quantitative instrument by digestion of amplified DNA revealed by fluorescent intercaled molecules.

TextSentencer_T852

103480-103568

Sentence

denotes

This technique was used to screen and select several active antiviral substances on UDG.

T18115

103480-103568

Sentence

denotes

This technique was used to screen and select several active antiviral substances on UDG.

TextSentencer_T853

103569-103674

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, the antiviral activity was estimated by the cytopathic effect of the VV on infected Vero cells.

T35514

103569-103674

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, the antiviral activity was estimated by the cytopathic effect of the VV on infected Vero cells.

TextSentencer_T854

103675-103746

Sentence

denotes

The cytotoxicity was determined by inhibition of Trypan Blue exclusion.

T77813

103675-103746

Sentence

denotes

The cytotoxicity was determined by inhibition of Trypan Blue exclusion.

TextSentencer_T855

103747-103874

Sentence

denotes

The specificity of action of each tested compound was estimated by the selective index (50% cytotoxic dose/50% effective dose).

T9381

103747-103874

Sentence

denotes

The specificity of action of each tested compound was estimated by the selective index (50% cytotoxic dose/50% effective dose).

TextSentencer_T856

103875-104049

Sentence

denotes

Two antiviral compounds were selected for their inhibitory effect on UDG activity and on VV replication in Vero cell culture : ('/)-5-iodo-2?-deoxyuridine and 4-chlorouracil.

T27794

103875-104049

Sentence

denotes

Two antiviral compounds were selected for their inhibitory effect on UDG activity and on VV replication in Vero cell culture : ('/)-5-iodo-2?-deoxyuridine and 4-chlorouracil.

TextSentencer_T857

104050-104125

Sentence

denotes

These compounds are candidates for the chemotherapy of poxvirus infections.

T28558

104050-104125

Sentence

denotes

These compounds are candidates for the chemotherapy of poxvirus infections.

TextSentencer_T858

104126-104136

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T28539

104126-104136

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T859

104137-104249

Sentence

denotes

To study the efficacy and tolerance of Russian antiviral drugs produced from DNA in a limited resources context.

T27905

104137-104249

Sentence

denotes

To study the efficacy and tolerance of Russian antiviral drugs produced from DNA in a limited resources context.

TextSentencer_T860

104250-104258

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T1859

104250-104258

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T861

104259-104308

Sentence

denotes

The drug Derinat was produced from salmons' milt.

T70965

104259-104308

Sentence

denotes

The drug Derinat was produced from salmons' milt.

TextSentencer_T862

104309-104387

Sentence

denotes

Mm of DNA was 270 Á/500 kDa, hyperchrome effect !/37%, protein content B/0.5%.

T37468

104309-104387

Sentence

denotes

Mm of DNA was 270 Á/500 kDa, hyperchrome effect !/37%, protein content B/0.5%.

TextSentencer_T863

104388-104674

Sentence

denotes

The conjugation of the DNA with Fe3'/ resulted in a new drug named Ferrovir which influences DNA and RNA synthesis during early stages of HIV-1 replication by blocking the virus's action on cells' metabolism and reduces cytomegalovirus titre in fibroblast cells for 1.5 Á/2.0 Ig TCID50.

T98501

104388-104674

Sentence

denotes

The conjugation of the DNA with Fe3'/ resulted in a new drug named Ferrovir which influences DNA and RNA synthesis during early stages of HIV-1 replication by blocking the virus's action on cells' metabolism and reduces cytomegalovirus titre in fibroblast cells for 1.5 Á/2.0 Ig TCID50.

TextSentencer_T864

104675-104756

Sentence

denotes

A protective effect of ferrovir against fatal herpes encephalitis mice was found.

T92251

104675-104756

Sentence

denotes

A protective effect of ferrovir against fatal herpes encephalitis mice was found.

TextSentencer_T865

104757-104781

Sentence

denotes

The drugs are not toxic.

T84984

104757-104781

Sentence

denotes

The drugs are not toxic.

TextSentencer_T866

104782-104800

Sentence

denotes

IC50!/ 4000 mg/ml.

T66803

104782-104800

Sentence

denotes

IC50!/ 4000 mg/ml.

TextSentencer_T867

104801-104846

Sentence

denotes

EC90 of ferrovir against HIV-1 was 800 mg/ml.

T45037

104801-104846

Sentence

denotes

EC90 of ferrovir against HIV-1 was 800 mg/ml.

TextSentencer_T868

104847-104933

Sentence

denotes

In limited clinical trials patients received 75 mg of drugs twice daily (7 Á/14 days).

T49904

104847-104933

Sentence

denotes

In limited clinical trials patients received 75 mg of drugs twice daily (7 Á/14 days).

TextSentencer_T869

104934-105002

Sentence

denotes

Administration was well tolerated and no side effects were observed.

T63807

104934-105002

Sentence

denotes

Administration was well tolerated and no side effects were observed.

TextSentencer_T870

105003-105120

Sentence

denotes

Derinat in 88.1% cases of herpesvirus infection (42 patients) improved the healing and shortened duration of illness.

T99078

105003-105120

Sentence

denotes

Derinat in 88.1% cases of herpesvirus infection (42 patients) improved the healing and shortened duration of illness.

TextSentencer_T871

105121-105274

Sentence

denotes

HIV-infected patients (34) treated with ferrovir showed sustained, elevated CD4'/ counts and a significant reduction in HIV-1 viral load (median 1.8 Ig).

T52406

105121-105274

Sentence

denotes

HIV-infected patients (34) treated with ferrovir showed sustained, elevated CD4'/ counts and a significant reduction in HIV-1 viral load (median 1.8 Ig).

TextSentencer_T872

105275-105368

Sentence

denotes

The apparent remission was found in patients with concomitant HIV and Herpes Virus infection.

T78813

105275-105368

Sentence

denotes

The apparent remission was found in patients with concomitant HIV and Herpes Virus infection.

TextSentencer_T873

105369-105381

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T23632

105369-105381

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T874

105382-105600

Sentence

denotes

Antivirals show good antiviral potency against RNAand DNA-viruses; are well tolerated by patients and are useful in case of mixed infections; low price makes them accessible to populations with low financial resources.

T79292

105382-105600

Sentence

denotes

Antivirals show good antiviral potency against RNAand DNA-viruses; are well tolerated by patients and are useful in case of mixed infections; low price makes them accessible to populations with low financial resources.

TextSentencer_T875

105601-105724

Sentence

denotes

Ortho Total HCV core antigen assay can aid early prediction of response in patients treated with Interferon/Ribavirin OR3.8

T97647

105601-105724

Sentence

denotes

Ortho Total HCV core antigen assay can aid early prediction of response in patients treated with Interferon/Ribavirin OR3.8

TextSentencer_T876

105725-105897

Sentence

denotes

Lunel F a , Veillon P b , Payan C b . a AHU Angers, Laboratoire de Bacterio-Virologie, Angers, France , b CHU Angers, Laboratoire de Bacterio-Virologie, Angers, France Aim:

T91781

105725-105897

Sentence

denotes

Lunel F a , Veillon P b , Payan C b . a AHU Angers, Laboratoire de Bacterio-Virologie, Angers, France , b CHU Angers, Laboratoire de Bacterio-Virologie, Angers, France Aim:

TextSentencer_T877

105898-106008

Sentence

denotes

Evaluate the predictive value of Total HCV Core Antigen Assay and viral kinetics in patients with chronic HCV.

T71645

105898-106008

Sentence

denotes

Evaluate the predictive value of Total HCV Core Antigen Assay and viral kinetics in patients with chronic HCV.

TextSentencer_T878

106009-106017

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T64509

106009-106017

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T879

106018-106132

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and twenty two patients infected by genotype 1, 4, 5 or pretreatment viral load (bDNA 2.0, Chiron) !/3

T30679

106018-106132

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and twenty two patients infected by genotype 1, 4, 5 or pretreatment viral load (bDNA 2.0, Chiron) !/3

TextSentencer_T880

106133-106221

Sentence

denotes

Meq/ml, with no previous treatment, received 6 MU interferon (IFN) during 12 months (M).

T766

106133-106221

Sentence

denotes

Meq/ml, with no previous treatment, received 6 MU interferon (IFN) during 12 months (M).

TextSentencer_T881

106222-106320

Sentence

denotes

Ribavirin was given with IFN after 3 months therapy, for 9 months in patients with detectable RNA.

T98880

106222-106320

Sentence

denotes

Ribavirin was given with IFN after 3 months therapy, for 9 months in patients with detectable RNA.

TextSentencer_T882

106321-106395

Sentence

denotes

Viral load was expressed as Log (UI/ml) and HCV Ag as log (pg/ml)/10 000).

T97374

106321-106395

Sentence

denotes

Viral load was expressed as Log (UI/ml) and HCV Ag as log (pg/ml)/10 000).

TextSentencer_T883

106396-106404

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T13667

106396-106404

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T884

106405-106474

Sentence

denotes

Pretreatment Ag values were correlated with viral load (r 2 0/0.779).

T21165

106405-106474

Sentence

denotes

Pretreatment Ag values were correlated with viral load (r 2 0/0.779).

TextSentencer_T885

106475-106595

Sentence

denotes

We observed a rapid decrease of Ag (5.2 log pg/ml) and viral load (5.1 log UI/ml) after M1 in sustained responders (SR).

T21971

106475-106595

Sentence

denotes

We observed a rapid decrease of Ag (5.2 log pg/ml) and viral load (5.1 log UI/ml) after M1 in sustained responders (SR).

TextSentencer_T886

106596-106712

Sentence

denotes

In patients who relapsed (RR) after IFN alone, the fall was less important (2.6 log pg/ml, 3.6 log UI/ml) during M1.

T32585

106596-106712

Sentence

denotes

In patients who relapsed (RR) after IFN alone, the fall was less important (2.6 log pg/ml, 3.6 log UI/ml) during M1.

TextSentencer_T887

106713-106813

Sentence

denotes

In SR and RR to combination therapy, the decrease of Ag and viral load at M1 was, respectively, (Ag:

T53400

106713-106813

Sentence

denotes

In SR and RR to combination therapy, the decrease of Ag and viral load at M1 was, respectively, (Ag:

TextSentencer_T888

106814-106841

Sentence

denotes

1.2 and 1.4 log pg/ml; RNA:

T94819

106814-106841

Sentence

denotes

1.2 and 1.4 log pg/ml; RNA:

TextSentencer_T889

106842-106865

Sentence

denotes

2.4 and 1.5 log UI/ml).

T71176

106842-106865

Sentence

denotes

2.4 and 1.5 log UI/ml).

TextSentencer_T890

106866-106946

Sentence

denotes

We did not observed significant variation of Ag and viral load in nonresponders.

T86297

106866-106946

Sentence

denotes

We did not observed significant variation of Ag and viral load in nonresponders.

TextSentencer_T891

106947-107075

Sentence

denotes

The negative predictive value of HCV RNA and Ag after M1 of treatment were 100%, and positive predictive values were 81 and 82%.

T61459

106947-107075

Sentence

denotes

The negative predictive value of HCV RNA and Ag after M1 of treatment were 100%, and positive predictive values were 81 and 82%.

TextSentencer_T892

107076-107228

Sentence

denotes

After 1 month of IFN alone, the HCV Ag decrease was highly predictive of SR, correlated with RNA negativation and early reduction of HCV RNA ( !/2 log).

T46997

107076-107228

Sentence

denotes

After 1 month of IFN alone, the HCV Ag decrease was highly predictive of SR, correlated with RNA negativation and early reduction of HCV RNA ( !/2 log).

TextSentencer_T893

107229-107240

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T39052

107229-107240

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T894

107241-107340

Sentence

denotes

Early measurements of Total HCV Core Antigen are useful to predict long-term response to treatment.

T58486

107241-107340

Sentence

denotes

Early measurements of Total HCV Core Antigen are useful to predict long-term response to treatment.

TextSentencer_T895

107341-107395

Sentence

denotes

Lamivudine in the treatment of acute hepatitis B OR3.9

T69266

107341-107395

Sentence

denotes

Lamivudine in the treatment of acute hepatitis B OR3.9

TextSentencer_T896

107396-107472

Sentence

denotes

Vincenti A, Meini M, Luchi S, De Gennaro M, Ricciardi L, Moneta S, Scasso A.

T67949

107396-107472

Sentence

denotes

Vincenti A, Meini M, Luchi S, De Gennaro M, Ricciardi L, Moneta S, Scasso A.

TextSentencer_T897

107473-107643

Sentence

denotes

Infectious Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases, Lucca, Italy Acute hepatitis B is a self-limiting infection, but in some cases its course may be particularly severe.

T83640

107473-107643

Sentence

denotes

Infectious Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases, Lucca, Italy Acute hepatitis B is a self-limiting infection, but in some cases its course may be particularly severe.

TextSentencer_T898

107644-107739

Sentence

denotes

We report a case of a 77-years-old woman affected by acute hepatitis B treated with lamivudine.

T4130

107644-107739

Sentence

denotes

We report a case of a 77-years-old woman affected by acute hepatitis B treated with lamivudine.

TextSentencer_T899

107740-107943

Sentence

denotes

On admission in the hospital the alanino-aminotransferase was1060 U/l, the aspartate-aminotransferase 1017 U/l, bilirubin 10,2 mg/dl, HBsAg, HBcIgM and HBeAg were positive, HBV DNA was 300.000 copies/ml.

T51651

107740-107943

Sentence

denotes

On admission in the hospital the alanino-aminotransferase was1060 U/l, the aspartate-aminotransferase 1017 U/l, bilirubin 10,2 mg/dl, HBsAg, HBcIgM and HBeAg were positive, HBV DNA was 300.000 copies/ml.

TextSentencer_T900

107944-108125

Sentence

denotes

During the following days, the levels of AST and ALT gradually rose; on the 14th day prothrombine time was 39%, bilirubin 30 mg/dl and the patient developed signs of encephalopathy.

T35270

107944-108125

Sentence

denotes

During the following days, the levels of AST and ALT gradually rose; on the 14th day prothrombine time was 39%, bilirubin 30 mg/dl and the patient developed signs of encephalopathy.

TextSentencer_T901

108126-108233

Sentence

denotes

Four plasmapheresis were practiced without benefit, so the patient was treated with lamivudine, 100 mg/day.

T94445

108126-108233

Sentence

denotes

Four plasmapheresis were practiced without benefit, so the patient was treated with lamivudine, 100 mg/day.

TextSentencer_T902

108234-108344

Sentence

denotes

After 24 days of therapy, lamivudine was discontinued because of the appearance of diffuse maculopapular rash.

T96569

108234-108344

Sentence

denotes

After 24 days of therapy, lamivudine was discontinued because of the appearance of diffuse maculopapular rash.

TextSentencer_T903

108345-108469

Sentence

denotes

At this time the results of liver function tests were normal; after four months HBsAg and HBV DNA were no longer detectable.

T42569

108345-108469

Sentence

denotes

At this time the results of liver function tests were normal; after four months HBsAg and HBV DNA were no longer detectable.

TextSentencer_T904

108470-108531

Sentence

denotes

In our patient lamivudine prevented an acute hepatic failure.

T76728

108470-108531

Sentence

denotes

In our patient lamivudine prevented an acute hepatic failure.

TextSentencer_T905

108532-108695

Sentence

denotes

Our experience suggests a promising role of lamivudine in the treatment of acute hepatitis B, but how long such therapy have to be practiced and in which patients?

T56976

108532-108695

Sentence

denotes

Our experience suggests a promising role of lamivudine in the treatment of acute hepatitis B, but how long such therapy have to be practiced and in which patients?

TextSentencer_T906

108696-108804

Sentence

denotes

Prospective, controlled, clinical studies using lamivudine in patients with acute-hepatitis B are necessary.

T44346

108696-108804

Sentence

denotes

Prospective, controlled, clinical studies using lamivudine in patients with acute-hepatitis B are necessary.

TextSentencer_T907

108805-108902

Sentence

denotes

The cost-effectiveness of amantadine versus symptomatic care in the treatment of influenza OR3.10

T62821

108805-108902

Sentence

denotes

The cost-effectiveness of amantadine versus symptomatic care in the treatment of influenza OR3.10

TextSentencer_T908

108903-109083

Sentence

denotes

Morris S a , Carman WF b , Barber J c . a City University, London, UK , b West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK , c Alliance Pharmaceuticals, Chippenham, UK Aim:

T89668

108903-109083

Sentence

denotes

Morris S a , Carman WF b , Barber J c . a City University, London, UK , b West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, UK , c Alliance Pharmaceuticals, Chippenham, UK Aim:

TextSentencer_T909

109084-109200

Sentence

denotes

To assess the cost-effectiveness of amantadine versus best symptomatic care in the treatment of influenza in the UK.

T44760

109084-109200

Sentence

denotes

To assess the cost-effectiveness of amantadine versus best symptomatic care in the treatment of influenza in the UK.

TextSentencer_T910

109201-109209

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T48720

109201-109209

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T911

109210-109299

Sentence

denotes

We constructed an economic model populated with parameters from the published literature.

T2793

109210-109299

Sentence

denotes

We constructed an economic model populated with parameters from the published literature.

TextSentencer_T912

109300-109455

Sentence

denotes

The model structure is the same as that used in the economic evaluation of zanamivir published by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in the UK.

T21193

109300-109455

Sentence

denotes

The model structure is the same as that used in the economic evaluation of zanamivir published by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in the UK.

TextSentencer_T913

109456-109571

Sentence

denotes

We conducted a cost-utility analysis (incremental cost per QALY gained) of amantadine versus best symptomatic care.

T54265

109456-109571

Sentence

denotes

We conducted a cost-utility analysis (incremental cost per QALY gained) of amantadine versus best symptomatic care.

TextSentencer_T914

109572-109775

Sentence

denotes

The analyses are conducted for all adults (average-risk group) and the at-risk population (high-risk group), based on the prevalence of influenza over an average season and when the virus is circulating.

T2107

109572-109775

Sentence

denotes

The analyses are conducted for all adults (average-risk group) and the at-risk population (high-risk group), based on the prevalence of influenza over an average season and when the virus is circulating.

TextSentencer_T915

109776-109811

Sentence

denotes

The perspective is that of the NHS.

T47583

109776-109811

Sentence

denotes

The perspective is that of the NHS.

TextSentencer_T916

109812-109820

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T69867

109812-109820

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T917

109821-110024

Sentence

denotes

In the average-risk group the incremental cost per QALY gained of amantadine relative to best symptomatic care is UK£30,488 during an average influenza season and UK£12,538 when the virus is circulating.

T48488

109821-110024

Sentence

denotes

In the average-risk group the incremental cost per QALY gained of amantadine relative to best symptomatic care is UK£30,488 during an average influenza season and UK£12,538 when the virus is circulating.

TextSentencer_T918

110025-110105

Sentence

denotes

For high-risk individuals the figures are UK£35,278 and UK£14,526, respectively.

T83459

110025-110105

Sentence

denotes

For high-risk individuals the figures are UK£35,278 and UK£14,526, respectively.

TextSentencer_T919

110106-110160

Sentence

denotes

The results are sensitive to the hospitalisation rate.

T71667

110106-110160

Sentence

denotes

The results are sensitive to the hospitalisation rate.

TextSentencer_T920

110161-110174

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions :

T72664

110161-110174

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions :

TextSentencer_T921

110175-110433

Sentence

denotes

If the threshold for cost-effectiveness is £20,000 per QALY gained amantadine represents value for money in the treatment of influenza in a variety of scenarios, including the baseline for both average-risk and high-risk groups when the virus is circulating.

T53476

110175-110433

Sentence

denotes

If the threshold for cost-effectiveness is £20,000 per QALY gained amantadine represents value for money in the treatment of influenza in a variety of scenarios, including the baseline for both average-risk and high-risk groups when the virus is circulating.

TextSentencer_T922

110434-110445

Sentence

denotes

Background:

T81617

110434-110445

Sentence

denotes

Background:

TextSentencer_T923

110446-110594

Sentence

denotes

Surveillance studies all over the world have revealed an extraordinary increase in the prevalence of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae .

T45215

110446-110594

Sentence

denotes

Surveillance studies all over the world have revealed an extraordinary increase in the prevalence of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae .

TextSentencer_T924

110595-110675

Sentence

denotes

The newer quinolones are believed to have broad activity against S. pneumoniae .

T11535

110595-110675

Sentence

denotes

The newer quinolones are believed to have broad activity against S. pneumoniae .

TextSentencer_T925

110676-110684

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T21076

110676-110684

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T926

110685-110972

Sentence

denotes

A total of 87 penicillin resistant clinical strains isolated from patients at Hacettepe Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between 1999 and 2001 were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to various antibiotics that are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

T16930

110685-110972

Sentence

denotes

A total of 87 penicillin resistant clinical strains isolated from patients at Hacettepe Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between 1999 and 2001 were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to various antibiotics that are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

TextSentencer_T927

110973-111247

Sentence

denotes

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin were determined using the NCCLS recommended procedure for E -test.

T77657

110973-111247

Sentence

denotes

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin were determined using the NCCLS recommended procedure for E -test.

TextSentencer_T928

111248-111256

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T58771

111248-111256

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T929

111257-111364

Sentence

denotes

The range of MICs, MIC50 and MIC90 values for all agents tested against the strains are shown in the Table.

T22964

111257-111364

Sentence

denotes

The range of MICs, MIC50 and MIC90 values for all agents tested against the strains are shown in the Table.

TextSentencer_T930

111365-111457

Sentence

denotes

Gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin had the highest in-vitro activity among the quinolones tested.

T73040

111365-111457

Sentence

denotes

Gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin had the highest in-vitro activity among the quinolones tested.

TextSentencer_T931

111458-111571

Sentence

denotes

All strains tested were susceptible to B/0.2 mg/ml gemifloxacin, B/1 mg/ml moxifloxacin and 2 mg/ml levofloxacin.

T11937

111458-111571

Sentence

denotes

All strains tested were susceptible to B/0.2 mg/ml gemifloxacin, B/1 mg/ml moxifloxacin and 2 mg/ml levofloxacin.

TextSentencer_T932

111572-111584

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T26646

111572-111584

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T933

111585-111712

Sentence

denotes

There is some degree of resistance to all the drugs except the newer quinolones which were active against all isolates studied.

T21849

111585-111712

Sentence

denotes

There is some degree of resistance to all the drugs except the newer quinolones which were active against all isolates studied.

TextSentencer_T934

111713-111721

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T2999

111713-111721

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T935

111722-111804

Sentence

denotes

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia prevalence is growing, mainly in some hospital areas.

T34804

111722-111804

Sentence

denotes

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia prevalence is growing, mainly in some hospital areas.

TextSentencer_T936

111805-111854

Sentence

denotes

S. maltophilia is frequently multidrug resistant.

T82536

111805-111854

Sentence

denotes

S. maltophilia is frequently multidrug resistant.

TextSentencer_T937

111855-111965

Sentence

denotes

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance varies from one to another study, but in whole resistance is moderate to high.

T67644

111855-111965

Sentence

denotes

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance varies from one to another study, but in whole resistance is moderate to high.

TextSentencer_T938

111966-112028

Sentence

denotes

GyrA and parC QRDR partial codes have been recently described.

T865

111966-112028

Sentence

denotes

GyrA and parC QRDR partial codes have been recently described.

TextSentencer_T939

112029-112148

Sentence

denotes

We have studied correlations between FQ-resistance and mutations in these sequences in S. maltophilia clinical strains.

T35678

112029-112148

Sentence

denotes

We have studied correlations between FQ-resistance and mutations in these sequences in S. maltophilia clinical strains.

TextSentencer_T940

112149-112303

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods: gyrA and parC QRDR regions from six FQresistant and two FQ-susceptible S. maltophilia clinical strains were amplified and sequenced.

T38719

112149-112303

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods: gyrA and parC QRDR regions from six FQresistant and two FQ-susceptible S. maltophilia clinical strains were amplified and sequenced.

TextSentencer_T941

112304-112479

Sentence

denotes

MICs of ciprofloxacin (CFX), gatifloxacin (GFX) and clinafloxacin (CNFX) were determined by the agar dilution method, according guidelines defined by NCCLS for P. aeruginosa .

T18351

112304-112479

Sentence

denotes

MICs of ciprofloxacin (CFX), gatifloxacin (GFX) and clinafloxacin (CNFX) were determined by the agar dilution method, according guidelines defined by NCCLS for P. aeruginosa .

TextSentencer_T942

112480-112597

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions: MICs ranges of CFX, GFX and CNFX for resistant strains were 8 Á/32, 1 Á/32 and 0.5 Á/8 mg/l.

T98526

112480-112597

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions: MICs ranges of CFX, GFX and CNFX for resistant strains were 8 Á/32, 1 Á/32 and 0.5 Á/8 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T943

112598-112692

Sentence

denotes

Susceptible strains had MICs of CFX, GFX and CNFX of 1, 0.2 and 0.06 Á/0.1 mg/l, respectively.

T98226

112598-112692

Sentence

denotes

Susceptible strains had MICs of CFX, GFX and CNFX of 1, 0.2 and 0.06 Á/0.1 mg/l, respectively.

TextSentencer_T944

112693-112788

Sentence

denotes

Most susceptible and resistant strains had no significant mutations in the fragments sequenced.

T30921

112693-112788

Sentence

denotes

Most susceptible and resistant strains had no significant mutations in the fragments sequenced.

TextSentencer_T945

112789-112955

Sentence

denotes

Only one resistant strain (MIC of CFX 16 mg/l) and one susceptible strain (MIC of CFX1 mg/l) had a significant gyrA mutation, the same in both strains (Ile112 Á/Val).

T99993

112789-112955

Sentence

denotes

Only one resistant strain (MIC of CFX 16 mg/l) and one susceptible strain (MIC of CFX1 mg/l) had a significant gyrA mutation, the same in both strains (Ile112 Á/Val).

TextSentencer_T946

112956-113127

Sentence

denotes

Thus, FQ resistance in S. maltophilia shall derive from changes in other areas in the topoisomerases or probably from other mechanisms of resistance, such as efflux pumps.

T54662

112956-113127

Sentence

denotes

Thus, FQ resistance in S. maltophilia shall derive from changes in other areas in the topoisomerases or probably from other mechanisms of resistance, such as efflux pumps.

TextSentencer_T947

113128-113136

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T41252

113128-113136

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T948

113137-113251

Sentence

denotes

Corynebacterium urealyticum is the cause of encrusted cystitis and other inespecific UTIs and systemic infections.

T41093

113137-113251

Sentence

denotes

Corynebacterium urealyticum is the cause of encrusted cystitis and other inespecific UTIs and systemic infections.

TextSentencer_T949

113252-113347

Sentence

denotes

It is frequently multi-drug resistant, with a high rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ).

T90392

113252-113347

Sentence

denotes

It is frequently multi-drug resistant, with a high rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ).

TextSentencer_T950

113348-113427

Sentence

denotes

The mechanisms of resistance to FQs have not been described in C. urealyticum .

T80852

113348-113427

Sentence

denotes

The mechanisms of resistance to FQs have not been described in C. urealyticum .

TextSentencer_T951

113428-113528

Sentence

denotes

We describe the C. urealyticum parC gene QRDR region and its relationship with quinolone resistance.

T42314

113428-113528

Sentence

denotes

We describe the C. urealyticum parC gene QRDR region and its relationship with quinolone resistance.

TextSentencer_T952

113529-113551

Sentence

denotes

Materials and methods:

T74523

113529-113551

Sentence

denotes

Materials and methods:

TextSentencer_T953

113552-113774

Sentence

denotes

The activity of ciprofloxacin (CFX), levofloxacin (LFX), gatifloxacin (GFX), clinafloxacin (CNFX) and moxifloxacin (MFX) against 30 C. urealyticum clinical strains was determined following NCCLS guidelines for enterococci.

T42565

113552-113774

Sentence

denotes

The activity of ciprofloxacin (CFX), levofloxacin (LFX), gatifloxacin (GFX), clinafloxacin (CNFX) and moxifloxacin (MFX) against 30 C. urealyticum clinical strains was determined following NCCLS guidelines for enterococci.

TextSentencer_T954

113775-113838

Sentence

denotes

We amplified and sequenced their parC QRDR by standard methods.

T77513

113775-113838

Sentence

denotes

We amplified and sequenced their parC QRDR by standard methods.

TextSentencer_T955

113839-113863

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

T26795

113839-113863

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

TextSentencer_T956

113864-114014

Sentence

denotes

Five strains (16.6%) were CFX-susceptible (MIC 0.1 Á/0.5 mg/l), 5 had MICs 1 Á/2 mg/l and 20 (66.7%) were highlevel CFX-resistant (MIC 32 Á/128 mg/l).

T58116

113864-114014

Sentence

denotes

Five strains (16.6%) were CFX-susceptible (MIC 0.1 Á/0.5 mg/l), 5 had MICs 1 Á/2 mg/l and 20 (66.7%) were highlevel CFX-resistant (MIC 32 Á/128 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T957

114015-114053

Sentence

denotes

CNFX was 64-fold more active than CFX.

T78623

114015-114053

Sentence

denotes

CNFX was 64-fold more active than CFX.

TextSentencer_T958

114054-114093

Sentence

denotes

MFX and GFX had MICs90 of 4 and 8 mg/l.

T73490

114054-114093

Sentence

denotes

MFX and GFX had MICs90 of 4 and 8 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T959

114094-114318

Sentence

denotes

All the strains, including the type strain, showed a C to T change at the 2614 position referred to wild type S. aureus parC gene, leading to a Ser-80-Phe change, described as the main parC change in FQ-resistant S. aureus .

T87840

114094-114318

Sentence

denotes

All the strains, including the type strain, showed a C to T change at the 2614 position referred to wild type S. aureus parC gene, leading to a Ser-80-Phe change, described as the main parC change in FQ-resistant S. aureus .

TextSentencer_T960

114319-114578

Sentence

denotes

This finding suggest that this mutant sequence, as compared with parC sequences from other Grampositives, might be the wild-type for this species, and might explain in part its high resistance rate, and its apparent lightness to develop high-level resistance.

T15222

114319-114578

Sentence

denotes

This finding suggest that this mutant sequence, as compared with parC sequences from other Grampositives, might be the wild-type for this species, and might explain in part its high resistance rate, and its apparent lightness to develop high-level resistance.

TextSentencer_T961

114579-114587

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T41039

114579-114587

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T962

114588-114747

Sentence

denotes

During routine surveillance, we identified 32 ciprofloxacinresistant (MIC!/8 mg/l) pneumococcal isolates and compared clinical details and resistance patterns.

T44501

114588-114747

Sentence

denotes

During routine surveillance, we identified 32 ciprofloxacinresistant (MIC!/8 mg/l) pneumococcal isolates and compared clinical details and resistance patterns.

TextSentencer_T963

114748-114756

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T12411

114748-114756

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T964

114757-114860

Sentence

denotes

They were isolated from sputa (29) and blood cultures (3) from adults, most with heart or lung disease.

T96810

114757-114860

Sentence

denotes

They were isolated from sputa (29) and blood cultures (3) from adults, most with heart or lung disease.

TextSentencer_T965

114861-114944

Sentence

denotes

Hospital admissions were common; half had been inpatients in the previous 3 months.

T34718

114861-114944

Sentence

denotes

Hospital admissions were common; half had been inpatients in the previous 3 months.

TextSentencer_T966

114945-115133

Sentence

denotes

Nineteen patients received quinolones in the preceding 3 months, in part reflecting the local policy (introduced in 1997) of penicillin and ofloxacin for first line treatment of pneumonia.

T21673

114945-115133

Sentence

denotes

Nineteen patients received quinolones in the preceding 3 months, in part reflecting the local policy (introduced in 1997) of penicillin and ofloxacin for first line treatment of pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T967

115134-115242

Sentence

denotes

Thirteen patients had radiological signs of pneumonia and 10 were pyrexial with raised inflammatory markers.

T6057

115134-115242

Sentence

denotes

Thirteen patients had radiological signs of pneumonia and 10 were pyrexial with raised inflammatory markers.

TextSentencer_T968

115243-115371

Sentence

denotes

Agar dilution MICs for quinolones, including norfloxacin with and without reserpine, penicillin and erythromycin were performed.

T91828

115243-115371

Sentence

denotes

Agar dilution MICs for quinolones, including norfloxacin with and without reserpine, penicillin and erythromycin were performed.

TextSentencer_T969

115372-115469

Sentence

denotes

An increase in norfloxacin MICs was noted over the period 1997 (16 Á/64 mg/l) to 2001 (256 mg/l).

T81443

115372-115469

Sentence

denotes

An increase in norfloxacin MICs was noted over the period 1997 (16 Á/64 mg/l) to 2001 (256 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T970

115470-115525

Sentence

denotes

Fluoroquinolone efflux was suggested in three isolates.

T22395

115470-115525

Sentence

denotes

Fluoroquinolone efflux was suggested in three isolates.

TextSentencer_T971

115526-115599

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to moxifloxacin (MIC 8 Á/16 mg/l) was noted from 1998 onwards.

T44211

115526-115599

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to moxifloxacin (MIC 8 Á/16 mg/l) was noted from 1998 onwards.

TextSentencer_T972

115600-115674

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were serotype 9V and resistant to penicillin (MIC!/0.5 mg/l).

T51618

115600-115674

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were serotype 9V and resistant to penicillin (MIC!/0.5 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T973

115675-115731

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-one were resistant to erythromycin (MIC!/1 mg/l).

T84592

115675-115731

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-one were resistant to erythromycin (MIC!/1 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T974

115732-115743

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T89520

115732-115743

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T975

115744-115873

Sentence

denotes

The 1997 policy of using quinolones may have contributed to the development of quinolone resistance and this cluster of isolates.

T53132

115744-115873

Sentence

denotes

The 1997 policy of using quinolones may have contributed to the development of quinolone resistance and this cluster of isolates.

TextSentencer_T976

115874-116029

Sentence

denotes

The increasing levels of quinolone resistance observed raise concerns about the future use of newer quinolones for the treatment of respiratory infections.

T20664

115874-116029

Sentence

denotes

The increasing levels of quinolone resistance observed raise concerns about the future use of newer quinolones for the treatment of respiratory infections.

TextSentencer_T977

116030-116169

Sentence

denotes

S. maltophilia has emerged in the last years as an important nosocomial pathogen, inherently resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents.

T37617

116030-116169

Sentence

denotes

S. maltophilia has emerged in the last years as an important nosocomial pathogen, inherently resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents.

TextSentencer_T978

116170-116342

Sentence

denotes

New quinolones has been proposed as a treatment of choice because their enhanced activity, but several parameters (T a , atmosphere, method) can affect the results of MICs.

T4580

116170-116342

Sentence

denotes

New quinolones has been proposed as a treatment of choice because their enhanced activity, but several parameters (T a , atmosphere, method) can affect the results of MICs.

TextSentencer_T979

116343-116351

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T33646

116343-116351

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T980

116352-116462

Sentence

denotes

We have performed MICs using two different methods (agar dilution and microdilution) and different conditions:

T44731

116352-116462

Sentence

denotes

We have performed MICs using two different methods (agar dilution and microdilution) and different conditions:

TextSentencer_T981

116463-116561

Sentence

denotes

35 and 30 8C of temperature; atmosphere of O 2 and CO 2 , and incubation times of 18, 24 and 48 h.

T9715

116463-116561

Sentence

denotes

35 and 30 8C of temperature; atmosphere of O 2 and CO 2 , and incubation times of 18, 24 and 48 h.

TextSentencer_T982

116562-116643

Sentence

denotes

A total of 78 strains were assayed with nine quinolones following standard NCCLS.

T34540

116562-116643

Sentence

denotes

A total of 78 strains were assayed with nine quinolones following standard NCCLS.

TextSentencer_T983

116644-116740

Sentence

denotes

Comparisons were made between results with 18 Á/24 and 24 Á/48 h using the x 2 -test (a 0/0.05).

T59655

116644-116740

Sentence

denotes

Comparisons were made between results with 18 Á/24 and 24 Á/48 h using the x 2 -test (a 0/0.05).

TextSentencer_T984

116741-116749

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T23936

116741-116749

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T985

116750-116888

Sentence

denotes

No differences were found between 18 Á/24 and 24 Á/48 h results with agar dilution, except with 3 ATBs in the case of MICs at 30 8C CO 2 .

T5579

116750-116888

Sentence

denotes

No differences were found between 18 Á/24 and 24 Á/48 h results with agar dilution, except with 3 ATBs in the case of MICs at 30 8C CO 2 .

TextSentencer_T986

116889-117054

Sentence

denotes

On the contrary, almost all the ATBs showed significant differences in the results with 24 and 48 h using microdilution method, at any condition of Ta or atmosphere.

T45292

116889-117054

Sentence

denotes

On the contrary, almost all the ATBs showed significant differences in the results with 24 and 48 h using microdilution method, at any condition of Ta or atmosphere.

TextSentencer_T987

117055-117182

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of MICs (P values, significance level 0/95%) with incubation times of 24 and 48 h at different procedure conditions.

T98024

117055-117182

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of MICs (P values, significance level 0/95%) with incubation times of 24 and 48 h at different procedure conditions.

TextSentencer_T988

117183-117400

Sentence

denotes

The incubation time is a parameter that seems to affect significantly the results of MICs of quinolones when microdilution method is used, whereas only few differences can be encountered with the agar dilution method.

T9233

117183-117400

Sentence

denotes

The incubation time is a parameter that seems to affect significantly the results of MICs of quinolones when microdilution method is used, whereas only few differences can be encountered with the agar dilution method.

TextSentencer_T989

117401-117409

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T86775

117401-117409

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T990

117410-117458

Sentence

denotes

Breakpoints were used as proposed by NCCLS 1999.

T15713

117410-117458

Sentence

denotes

Breakpoints were used as proposed by NCCLS 1999.

TextSentencer_T991

117459-117531

Sentence

denotes

During the study period the pneumococci resistance was noted as follows:

T51299

117459-117531

Sentence

denotes

During the study period the pneumococci resistance was noted as follows:

TextSentencer_T992

117532-117568

Sentence

denotes

65% to PC, 39% to EM and 73% to SXT.

T21653

117532-117568

Sentence

denotes

65% to PC, 39% to EM and 73% to SXT.

TextSentencer_T993

117569-117768

Sentence

denotes

The rank order of activity of the five FQs against multi-drug resistant pneumococci was: CIP (MIC 90:2 mg/l), OFX (MIC 90:2 mg/l), LVX (MIC 90:1 mg/l), GRX (MIC 90:0.25 mg/l), TVX (MIC 90:0.25 mg/l).

T45733

117569-117768

Sentence

denotes

The rank order of activity of the five FQs against multi-drug resistant pneumococci was: CIP (MIC 90:2 mg/l), OFX (MIC 90:2 mg/l), LVX (MIC 90:1 mg/l), GRX (MIC 90:0.25 mg/l), TVX (MIC 90:0.25 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T994

117769-117781

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T7129

117769-117781

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T995

117782-118041

Sentence

denotes

In Romania, fluoroquinolones represent alternative treatment to beta-lactams and macrolides for first-line empirical treatment for respiratory tract infections caused by pneumococci but, continued vigilance for emerging resistance to FQs is further indicated.

T17952

117782-118041

Sentence

denotes

In Romania, fluoroquinolones represent alternative treatment to beta-lactams and macrolides for first-line empirical treatment for respiratory tract infections caused by pneumococci but, continued vigilance for emerging resistance to FQs is further indicated.

TextSentencer_T996

118042-118076

Sentence

denotes

Introduction and Material/methods:

T9988

118042-118076

Sentence

denotes

Introduction and Material/methods:

TextSentencer_T997

118077-118417

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing (semiautomated broth microdilution method, Sensititre, Trek Diagnostics, USA, following NCCLS recommendations) was performed with six different quinolones to 817 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with a ciprofloxacin-CIP */MIC ]/2 mg/l collected in two consecutive SAUCE$ surveillances in Spain (1996 Á/97/1998 Á/99).

T56897

118077-118417

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing (semiautomated broth microdilution method, Sensititre, Trek Diagnostics, USA, following NCCLS recommendations) was performed with six different quinolones to 817 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with a ciprofloxacin-CIP */MIC ]/2 mg/l collected in two consecutive SAUCE$ surveillances in Spain (1996 Á/97/1998 Á/99).

TextSentencer_T998

118418-118629

Sentence

denotes

NCCLS resistance (R) breakpoints were used ( ]/8 for ofloxacin-OFL and levofloxacin-LEV; ]/2 for sparfloxacin-SPA; ]/4 for gatifloxacin-GAT */and moxifloxacin-MOX), but for gemifloxacin-GEM */where ]/1 was used.

T96326

118418-118629

Sentence

denotes

NCCLS resistance (R) breakpoints were used ( ]/8 for ofloxacin-OFL and levofloxacin-LEV; ]/2 for sparfloxacin-SPA; ]/4 for gatifloxacin-GAT */and moxifloxacin-MOX), but for gemifloxacin-GEM */where ]/1 was used.

TextSentencer_T999

118630-118654

Sentence

denotes

Results were as follows.

T12890

118630-118654

Sentence

denotes

Results were as follows.

TextSentencer_T1000

118655-118667

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T6109

118655-118667

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1001

118668-118727

Sentence

denotes

For CIP-R isolates GEM and MOX were the most active agents.

T44060

118668-118727

Sentence

denotes

For CIP-R isolates GEM and MOX were the most active agents.

TextSentencer_T1002

118728-119100

Sentence

denotes

GEM was the only agent not influenced by CIP MIC increase regarding prevalence of R , with 0% resistance for strains with CIP MIC ]/8 mg/l. $SAUCE is an acronym standing for 'Sensibilidad a los Antimicrobianos Utilizados en la Comunidad en Españ a' (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Commonly Used in the Community in Spain) and is the Spanish word for the willow tree.

T9018

118728-119100

Sentence

denotes

GEM was the only agent not influenced by CIP MIC increase regarding prevalence of R , with 0% resistance for strains with CIP MIC ]/8 mg/l. $SAUCE is an acronym standing for 'Sensibilidad a los Antimicrobianos Utilizados en la Comunidad en Españ a' (Susceptibility to the Antimicrobials Commonly Used in the Community in Spain) and is the Spanish word for the willow tree.

TextSentencer_T1003

119101-119230

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of gatifloxacin and seven other antibiotics against respiratory and urinary tract pathogens from the community.

T47129

119101-119230

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of gatifloxacin and seven other antibiotics against respiratory and urinary tract pathogens from the community.

TextSentencer_T1004

119231-119348

Sentence

denotes

First results of the BASIC */study PS110 Grimm H, on behalf of a European Multicenter Study Group, Institute for Med.

T3712

119231-119348

Sentence

denotes

First results of the BASIC */study PS110 Grimm H, on behalf of a European Multicenter Study Group, Institute for Med.

TextSentencer_T1005

119349-119577

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology, 88250 Weingarten, Germany A total of 24 centers in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland are involved in the BASIC study (Bacterial Annual Susceptibility Information Collection).

T49415

119349-119577

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology, 88250 Weingarten, Germany A total of 24 centers in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland are involved in the BASIC study (Bacterial Annual Susceptibility Information Collection).

TextSentencer_T1006

119578-119823

Sentence

denotes

The MICs of gatifloxacin (Gati), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), clarithromycin (Clari), benzylpenicillin G (Pen), amoxicillin (Amox), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augm), cefuroxime (Cur) and cefixime (Cix) were determined using the microdilution method.

T58477

119578-119823

Sentence

denotes

The MICs of gatifloxacin (Gati), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), clarithromycin (Clari), benzylpenicillin G (Pen), amoxicillin (Amox), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augm), cefuroxime (Cur) and cefixime (Cix) were determined using the microdilution method.

TextSentencer_T1007

119824-120104

Sentence

denotes

Each center is requested to investigate 30 strains each of the following species: S. pneumoniae (Spn), S. pyogenes (Spy), S. aureus (Sau), E. faecalis (Efa), M. catarrhalis (Mca), H. influenzae (Hin), E. coli (Eco), K. pneumoniae (Kpn), P. mirabilis (Pmi) and P. aeruginosa (Pae).

T47234

119824-120104

Sentence

denotes

Each center is requested to investigate 30 strains each of the following species: S. pneumoniae (Spn), S. pyogenes (Spy), S. aureus (Sau), E. faecalis (Efa), M. catarrhalis (Mca), H. influenzae (Hin), E. coli (Eco), K. pneumoniae (Kpn), P. mirabilis (Pmi) and P. aeruginosa (Pae).

TextSentencer_T1008

120105-120152

Sentence

denotes

So far approximately 1400 strains are enrolled.

T41560

120105-120152

Sentence

denotes

So far approximately 1400 strains are enrolled.

TextSentencer_T1009

120153-120213

Sentence

denotes

Some important MIC90%/percentage resistance were as follows:

T85479

120153-120213

Sentence

denotes

Some important MIC90%/percentage resistance were as follows:

TextSentencer_T1010

120214-120368

Sentence

denotes

From the oral antibiotics tested gatifloxacin has the highest activity and broadest spectrum against all relevant respiratory and urinary tract pathogens.

T55198

120214-120368

Sentence

denotes

From the oral antibiotics tested gatifloxacin has the highest activity and broadest spectrum against all relevant respiratory and urinary tract pathogens.

TextSentencer_T1011

120369-120463

Sentence

denotes

Gatifloxacin is a promising alternative for therapy of respiratory tract bacterial infections.

T65048

120369-120463

Sentence

denotes

Gatifloxacin is a promising alternative for therapy of respiratory tract bacterial infections.

TextSentencer_T1012

120464-120596

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of gatifloxacin against Bordetella pertussis in comparison with erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin PS111

T4722

120464-120596

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of gatifloxacin against Bordetella pertussis in comparison with erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin PS111

TextSentencer_T1013

120597-120670

Sentence

denotes

Bourgeois N, Pangon B, Ghnassia JC, Doucet-Populaire F, de Versailles CH.

T61301

120597-120670

Sentence

denotes

Bourgeois N, Pangon B, Ghnassia JC, Doucet-Populaire F, de Versailles CH.

TextSentencer_T1014

120671-120704

Sentence

denotes

Microbiologie, Le Chesnay, France

T25734

120671-120704

Sentence

denotes

Microbiologie, Le Chesnay, France

TextSentencer_T1015

120705-120726

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

T20722

120705-120726

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T1016

120727-120833

Sentence

denotes

Bordetella pertussis infections are far more common in adults and adolescents than is generally estimated.

T16417

120727-120833

Sentence

denotes

Bordetella pertussis infections are far more common in adults and adolescents than is generally estimated.

TextSentencer_T1017

120834-120873

Sentence

denotes

However, they are often not recognised.

T34227

120834-120873

Sentence

denotes

However, they are often not recognised.

TextSentencer_T1018

120874-120963

Sentence

denotes

Infected or colonised adults can act as a reservoir of infection, passing it to children.

T39391

120874-120963

Sentence

denotes

Infected or colonised adults can act as a reservoir of infection, passing it to children.

TextSentencer_T1019

120964-121102

Sentence

denotes

Fluoroquinolones are currently recommended for the treatment of respiratory tract infection in adult patients, which is usually empirical.

T75415

120964-121102

Sentence

denotes

Fluoroquinolones are currently recommended for the treatment of respiratory tract infection in adult patients, which is usually empirical.

TextSentencer_T1020

121103-121220

Sentence

denotes

Gatifloxacin is a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, with a potent activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria.

T49950

121103-121220

Sentence

denotes

Gatifloxacin is a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, with a potent activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria.

TextSentencer_T1021

121221-121497

Sentence

denotes

The in vitro activity of gatifloxacin was compared with those of erythromycin, the drug of choice for both treatment and prophylaxis of pertussis, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, against 52 clinical isolates strains of B. pertussis including 12 erythromycin resistant strains.

T81058

121221-121497

Sentence

denotes

The in vitro activity of gatifloxacin was compared with those of erythromycin, the drug of choice for both treatment and prophylaxis of pertussis, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, against 52 clinical isolates strains of B. pertussis including 12 erythromycin resistant strains.

TextSentencer_T1022

121498-121506

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T96701

121498-121506

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1023

121507-121641

Sentence

denotes

We used the agar dilution method on Mueller Á/Hinton medium supplemented with 10% horse blood to determine the MIC of each antibiotic.

T76624

121507-121641

Sentence

denotes

We used the agar dilution method on Mueller Á/Hinton medium supplemented with 10% horse blood to determine the MIC of each antibiotic.

TextSentencer_T1024

121642-121851

Sentence

denotes

Gatifloxacin (MIC90, 0.125mg/l) was as active as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (MIC90, 0.06mg/l) against both sensitive erythromycin (MIC90, 0.015 mg/l) and resistant erythromycin (MIC90, !/512 mg/l) strains.

T75585

121642-121851

Sentence

denotes

Gatifloxacin (MIC90, 0.125mg/l) was as active as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (MIC90, 0.06mg/l) against both sensitive erythromycin (MIC90, 0.015 mg/l) and resistant erythromycin (MIC90, !/512 mg/l) strains.

TextSentencer_T1025

121852-121863

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T20431

121852-121863

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1026

121864-121982

Sentence

denotes

Gatifloxacin may be an effective drug in the treatment or prophylaxis of adults with suspected or confirmed pertussis.

T29396

121864-121982

Sentence

denotes

Gatifloxacin may be an effective drug in the treatment or prophylaxis of adults with suspected or confirmed pertussis.

TextSentencer_T1027

121983-122166

Sentence

denotes

Ex vivo serum activity (killing rates) after gemifloxacin 320 mg versus trovafloxacin 200 mg single doses against ciprofloxacin-susceptible andresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae PS112

T74713

121983-122166

Sentence

denotes

Ex vivo serum activity (killing rates) after gemifloxacin 320 mg versus trovafloxacin 200 mg single doses against ciprofloxacin-susceptible andresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae PS112

TextSentencer_T1028

122167-122383

Sentence

denotes

Calvo A a , Giménez MJ b , Alou L a , Gó mez-Lus ML a , Aguilar L b , Prieto J a . a Microbiology Department, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain , b GlaxoSmithKline, Medical Department, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain

T35381

122167-122383

Sentence

denotes

Calvo A a , Giménez MJ b , Alou L a , Gó mez-Lus ML a , Aguilar L b , Prieto J a . a Microbiology Department, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain , b GlaxoSmithKline, Medical Department, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain

TextSentencer_T1029

122384-122593

Sentence

denotes

Serum bactericidal activity was measured ex vivo after single dose administration of gemifloxacin (GEM) 320 mg and trovafloxacin (TRO) 200 mg to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized, cross-over phase I trial.

T43898

122384-122593

Sentence

denotes

Serum bactericidal activity was measured ex vivo after single dose administration of gemifloxacin (GEM) 320 mg and trovafloxacin (TRO) 200 mg to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized, cross-over phase I trial.

TextSentencer_T1030

122594-122946

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were collected 1 h (Cmax) after dosing and serum killing rates were determined against a serotype 3 penicillin (PEN) Á/ciprofloxacin (CIP) susceptible strain (S3) (MICs of 0.03, 1, 0.015 and 0.06 mg/l for PEN, CIP, GEM and TRO) and a serotype 9 PEN Á/CIP resistant strain (S9) (MICs of 2, 4, 0.03 and 0.25 mg/l for PEN, CIP, GEM and TRO).

T33959

122594-122946

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were collected 1 h (Cmax) after dosing and serum killing rates were determined against a serotype 3 penicillin (PEN) Á/ciprofloxacin (CIP) susceptible strain (S3) (MICs of 0.03, 1, 0.015 and 0.06 mg/l for PEN, CIP, GEM and TRO) and a serotype 9 PEN Á/CIP resistant strain (S9) (MICs of 2, 4, 0.03 and 0.25 mg/l for PEN, CIP, GEM and TRO).

TextSentencer_T1031

122947-123061

Sentence

denotes

Tubes with 1.6 ml of serum sample and 0.4 ml broth (50% Todd Á/Hewitt'/50% HBSS) were incubated over 3 h at 35 8C.

T72665

122947-123061

Sentence

denotes

Tubes with 1.6 ml of serum sample and 0.4 ml broth (50% Todd Á/Hewitt'/50% HBSS) were incubated over 3 h at 35 8C.

TextSentencer_T1032

123062-123092

Sentence

denotes

Final inocula was 10 7 cfu/ml.

T77069

123062-123092

Sentence

denotes

Final inocula was 10 7 cfu/ml.

TextSentencer_T1033

123093-123166

Sentence

denotes

Mean colony counts for samples and controls (K ) are shown in the figure:

T51702

123093-123166

Sentence

denotes

Mean colony counts for samples and controls (K ) are shown in the figure:

TextSentencer_T1034

123167-123266

Sentence

denotes

GEM exhibited higher colony counting decrease of the initial inocula, versus TRO, for both strains.

T86929

123167-123266

Sentence

denotes

GEM exhibited higher colony counting decrease of the initial inocula, versus TRO, for both strains.

TextSentencer_T1035

123267-123532

Sentence

denotes

After 3 h incubation, the initial inocula decrease obtained with TRO and the CIP susceptible strain was similar to that obtained with GEM and the resistant strain, showing a lower influence of CIP MIC increase in the ex vivo bactericidal activity of GEM versus TRO.

T11258

123267-123532

Sentence

denotes

After 3 h incubation, the initial inocula decrease obtained with TRO and the CIP susceptible strain was similar to that obtained with GEM and the resistant strain, showing a lower influence of CIP MIC increase in the ex vivo bactericidal activity of GEM versus TRO.

TextSentencer_T1036

123533-123653

Sentence

denotes

Urine bactericidal activity after administration of gemifloxacin and trovafloxacin single doses in a phase I study PS113

T14962

123533-123653

Sentence

denotes

Urine bactericidal activity after administration of gemifloxacin and trovafloxacin single doses in a phase I study PS113

TextSentencer_T1037

123654-124023

Sentence

denotes

García-Calvo G a , Parra A a , Giménez MJ b , Ponte C a , Aguilar L b , Soriano F a . a Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Medical Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b GlaxoSmithKline, Medical, Madrid, Spain Urine bactericidal activity after o.d. administration of gemifloxacin (GEM) 320 mg and trovafloxacin (TRO) 200 mg, was assessed in six adult males in a cross-over phase I trial.

T90984

123654-124023

Sentence

denotes

García-Calvo G a , Parra A a , Giménez MJ b , Ponte C a , Aguilar L b , Soriano F a . a Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Medical Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b GlaxoSmithKline, Medical, Madrid, Spain Urine bactericidal activity after o.d. administration of gemifloxacin (GEM) 320 mg and trovafloxacin (TRO) 200 mg, was assessed in six adult males in a cross-over phase I trial.

TextSentencer_T1038

124024-124278

Sentence

denotes

Urine killing rates (UKR) against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC mg/l of 0.008 and 0.015 for GEM and TRO) and S. saprophyticus ATCC 1970 (MIC mg/l 0.015 and 0.06 for GEM and TRO) were performed with samples collected at 0, 2 Á/4, 16 Á/24 and 60 Á/72 h.

T30885

124024-124278

Sentence

denotes

Urine killing rates (UKR) against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC mg/l of 0.008 and 0.015 for GEM and TRO) and S. saprophyticus ATCC 1970 (MIC mg/l 0.015 and 0.06 for GEM and TRO) were performed with samples collected at 0, 2 Á/4, 16 Á/24 and 60 Á/72 h.

TextSentencer_T1039

124279-124419

Sentence

denotes

A 1.6 ml of Iso-Sensitest broth and 0.4 ml of bacterial logarithmic growth were added to 2 ml sample, giving a final inoculum of 107 cfu/ml.

T46277

124279-124419

Sentence

denotes

A 1.6 ml of Iso-Sensitest broth and 0.4 ml of bacterial logarithmic growth were added to 2 ml sample, giving a final inoculum of 107 cfu/ml.

TextSentencer_T1040

124420-124483

Sentence

denotes

Colony counting was performed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 h incubation.

T10894

124420-124483

Sentence

denotes

Colony counting was performed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 h incubation.

TextSentencer_T1041

124484-124547

Sentence

denotes

Percentages of initial inocula reduction (IIR) were calculated.

T79084

124484-124547

Sentence

denotes

Percentages of initial inocula reduction (IIR) were calculated.

TextSentencer_T1042

124548-124607

Sentence

denotes

Mean urine concentrations measured by bioassay were (mg/l):

T10395

124548-124607

Sentence

denotes

Mean urine concentrations measured by bioassay were (mg/l):

TextSentencer_T1043

124608-124665

Sentence

denotes

28.4, 14.7 and 0.5 for GEM, and 3.6, 3.0 and 0.1 for TRO.

T61980

124608-124665

Sentence

denotes

28.4, 14.7 and 0.5 for GEM, and 3.6, 3.0 and 0.1 for TRO.

TextSentencer_T1044

124666-124780

Sentence

denotes

Against E. coli , an IIR of 99.9% was obtained after 2 h incubation with all samples except with TRO at 60 Á/72 h.

T19291

124666-124780

Sentence

denotes

Against E. coli , an IIR of 99.9% was obtained after 2 h incubation with all samples except with TRO at 60 Á/72 h.

TextSentencer_T1045

124781-124936

Sentence

denotes

Against S. saprophyticus an IIR of 90% was obtained after 3 h incubation with all samples except with TRO at 60 Á/72 h, where bacterial regrowth was found.

T95969

124781-124936

Sentence

denotes

Against S. saprophyticus an IIR of 90% was obtained after 3 h incubation with all samples except with TRO at 60 Á/72 h, where bacterial regrowth was found.

TextSentencer_T1046

124937-125064

Sentence

denotes

The maintenance over 72 h of GEM urine antibacterial activity suggests its efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis.

T11296

124937-125064

Sentence

denotes

The maintenance over 72 h of GEM urine antibacterial activity suggests its efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis.

TextSentencer_T1047

125065-125228

Sentence

denotes

Influence of the decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin on gemifloxacin versus levofloxacin efficacy in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia in guinea pigs PS114

T15647

125065-125228

Sentence

denotes

Influence of the decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin on gemifloxacin versus levofloxacin efficacy in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia in guinea pigs PS114

TextSentencer_T1048

125229-125439

Sentence

denotes

Garcia-Olmos M a , Parra A a , Gimenez MJ b , Garcia-Calvo G a , Ponte C a , Aguilar L b , Soriano F a . a Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Medical Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b GlaxoSmithKline, Medical, Madrid, Spain

T4126

125229-125439

Sentence

denotes

Garcia-Olmos M a , Parra A a , Gimenez MJ b , Garcia-Calvo G a , Ponte C a , Aguilar L b , Soriano F a . a Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Medical Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b GlaxoSmithKline, Medical, Madrid, Spain

TextSentencer_T1049

125440-125738

Sentence

denotes

The efficacy of ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV) and gemifloxacin (GEM) in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia was assessed in a guinea pig model using three strains (S) with MICs (mg/l) of 2, 2 and 0.03 (S1), 32, 4 and 0.25 (S2) and 64, 32 and 1 (S3) for CIP, LEV and GEM, respectively.

T83725

125440-125738

Sentence

denotes

The efficacy of ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV) and gemifloxacin (GEM) in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia was assessed in a guinea pig model using three strains (S) with MICs (mg/l) of 2, 2 and 0.03 (S1), 32, 4 and 0.25 (S2) and 64, 32 and 1 (S3) for CIP, LEV and GEM, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1050

125739-125862

Sentence

denotes

Intraperitoneal treatments started 1 h after S. pneumoniae intratracheal inoculation, and continued t.i.d up to four doses.

T51498

125739-125862

Sentence

denotes

Intraperitoneal treatments started 1 h after S. pneumoniae intratracheal inoculation, and continued t.i.d up to four doses.

TextSentencer_T1051

125863-125903

Sentence

denotes

Ten animals were included in each group.

T82439

125863-125903

Sentence

denotes

Ten animals were included in each group.

TextSentencer_T1052

125904-126054

Sentence

denotes

Doses (mg/kg) used were 20, 16 and 6 for CIP, LEV and GEM, respectively, in order to mimic AUC0-24 h and Cmax obtained in humans after standard doses.

T91288

125904-126054

Sentence

denotes

Doses (mg/kg) used were 20, 16 and 6 for CIP, LEV and GEM, respectively, in order to mimic AUC0-24 h and Cmax obtained in humans after standard doses.

TextSentencer_T1053

126055-126372

Sentence

denotes

Animals that survived 48 h after inoculation were sacrificed and colony counts were performed in lungs ( The purpose of the study Levofloxacin (LFX) is a fluoroquinolone whose activity against both Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci enables its use in monotherapy for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia.

T67358

126055-126372

Sentence

denotes

Animals that survived 48 h after inoculation were sacrificed and colony counts were performed in lungs ( The purpose of the study Levofloxacin (LFX) is a fluoroquinolone whose activity against both Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci enables its use in monotherapy for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T1054

126373-126580

Sentence

denotes

Our aim was to study the pharmacokinetic Á/pharmacodynamic appropriateness of LFX 500mg iv bid in the treatment of six inpatients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (459/25 years; 4M Á/2F; 749/9 kg).

T82007

126373-126580

Sentence

denotes

Our aim was to study the pharmacokinetic Á/pharmacodynamic appropriateness of LFX 500mg iv bid in the treatment of six inpatients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (459/25 years; 4M Á/2F; 749/9 kg).

TextSentencer_T1055

126581-126671

Sentence

denotes

Blood and urine samples were collected in steadystate conditions at appropriate intervals.

T16476

126581-126671

Sentence

denotes

Blood and urine samples were collected in steadystate conditions at appropriate intervals.

TextSentencer_T1056

126672-126713

Sentence

denotes

LFX concentrations were analysed by HPLC.

T23581

126672-126713

Sentence

denotes

LFX concentrations were analysed by HPLC.

TextSentencer_T1057

126714-126825

Sentence

denotes

The aetiological agent was identified in all the cases and its in vitro sensitivity to LFX was always assessed.

T94213

126714-126825

Sentence

denotes

The aetiological agent was identified in all the cases and its in vitro sensitivity to LFX was always assessed.

TextSentencer_T1058

126826-126911

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained mean values (9/SD) of the major pharmacokinetic parameters were:

T6821

126826-126911

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained mean values (9/SD) of the major pharmacokinetic parameters were:

TextSentencer_T1059

126912-127035

Sentence

denotes

Cmax, 8.789/2.05 mg/ml; Vdss, 1.259/0.36 l/kg; t1/2b, 4.699/0.87 h; Cl, 3.659/1.01 ml/min/kg; AUC0-t, 32.479/12.80 mg/ml h.

T81120

126912-127035

Sentence

denotes

Cmax, 8.789/2.05 mg/ml; Vdss, 1.259/0.36 l/kg; t1/2b, 4.699/0.87 h; Cl, 3.659/1.01 ml/min/kg; AUC0-t, 32.479/12.80 mg/ml h.

TextSentencer_T1060

127036-127130

Sentence

denotes

Cumulative urinary excretion was 82.899/10.23%, confirming that LFX clearance is mainly renal.

T28648

127036-127130

Sentence

denotes

Cumulative urinary excretion was 82.899/10.23%, confirming that LFX clearance is mainly renal.

TextSentencer_T1061

127131-127238

Sentence

denotes

Clinical cure and microbiological eradication were obtained in all the patients after a 7 Á/13 day therapy.

T1515

127131-127238

Sentence

denotes

Clinical cure and microbiological eradication were obtained in all the patients after a 7 Á/13 day therapy.

TextSentencer_T1062

127239-127324

Sentence

denotes

A suprainfection due to Acinetobacter anitratus insensitive to LFX occured in 1 case.

T25695

127239-127324

Sentence

denotes

A suprainfection due to Acinetobacter anitratus insensitive to LFX occured in 1 case.

TextSentencer_T1063

127325-127492

Sentence

denotes

The major pharmacodynamic parameters of fluoroquinolone efficacy were significantly higher than the proposed threshold (Cmax/MIC !/10; AUC/MIC !/125) in all the cases.

T3479

127325-127492

Sentence

denotes

The major pharmacodynamic parameters of fluoroquinolone efficacy were significantly higher than the proposed threshold (Cmax/MIC !/10; AUC/MIC !/125) in all the cases.

TextSentencer_T1064

127493-127641

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached The findings suggest that LFX 500 mg bid iv may be considered effective in the treatment of VAP caused by sensitive bacteria.

T60803

127493-127641

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached The findings suggest that LFX 500 mg bid iv may be considered effective in the treatment of VAP caused by sensitive bacteria.

TextSentencer_T1065

127642-127789

Sentence

denotes

Comparative pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) being treated with sequential therapy PS116

T93590

127642-127789

Sentence

denotes

Comparative pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) being treated with sequential therapy PS116

TextSentencer_T1066

127790-128046

Sentence

denotes

Pea F a , Brollo L a , Lugatti E b , Di Qual E a , Dolcet F b , Talmassons G b , Furlanut M a . a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, DPMSC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy , b Division of Pneumology, SM Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy

T30515

127790-128046

Sentence

denotes

Pea F a , Brollo L a , Lugatti E b , Di Qual E a , Dolcet F b , Talmassons G b , Furlanut M a . a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, DPMSC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy , b Division of Pneumology, SM Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy

TextSentencer_T1067

128047-128243

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study Levofloxacin (LFX) is a fluoroquinolone whose activity against both Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci enables its use in monotherapy for the treatment of LRTI.

T74299

128047-128243

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study Levofloxacin (LFX) is a fluoroquinolone whose activity against both Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci enables its use in monotherapy for the treatment of LRTI.

TextSentencer_T1068

128244-128511

Sentence

denotes

Our aim was to study the pharmacokinetic Á/pharmacodynamic appropriateness of a standard switch LFX iv/os regimen (500 mg iv od for 5 Á/7 days followed by 500 mg os od for 4 Á/10 days) in the treatment of seven inpatients with LRTI (709/17 years; 6M Á/1F; 769/15 kg).

T84035

128244-128511

Sentence

denotes

Our aim was to study the pharmacokinetic Á/pharmacodynamic appropriateness of a standard switch LFX iv/os regimen (500 mg iv od for 5 Á/7 days followed by 500 mg os od for 4 Á/10 days) in the treatment of seven inpatients with LRTI (709/17 years; 6M Á/1F; 769/15 kg).

TextSentencer_T1069

128512-128593

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were collected in steady-state conditions at appropriate intervals.

T41864

128512-128593

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were collected in steady-state conditions at appropriate intervals.

TextSentencer_T1070

128594-128642

Sentence

denotes

LFX plasma concentrations were analysed by HPLC.

T43546

128594-128642

Sentence

denotes

LFX plasma concentrations were analysed by HPLC.

TextSentencer_T1071

128643-128743

Sentence

denotes

The aetiological agent was identified in 2/7 cases and its in vitro sensitivity to LFX was assessed.

T63568

128643-128743

Sentence

denotes

The aetiological agent was identified in 2/7 cases and its in vitro sensitivity to LFX was assessed.

TextSentencer_T1072

128744-128905

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained Absolute oral bioavailability was 1.079/0.19, with a Cmax of 10.899/3.39 vs 8.369/3.90 mg/ml after iv and oral administration, respectively.

T79763

128744-128905

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained Absolute oral bioavailability was 1.079/0.19, with a Cmax of 10.899/3.39 vs 8.369/3.90 mg/ml after iv and oral administration, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1073

128906-129007

Sentence

denotes

No significant difference in the main pharmacokinetic parameters was observed between the two routes.

T22767

128906-129007

Sentence

denotes

No significant difference in the main pharmacokinetic parameters was observed between the two routes.

TextSentencer_T1074

129008-129186

Sentence

denotes

The major pharmacodynamic parameters of fluoroquinolone efficacy were significantly higher than the proposed threshold (Cmax/MIC !/10; AUC/MIC !/125) in the two assessable cases.

T46364

129008-129186

Sentence

denotes

The major pharmacodynamic parameters of fluoroquinolone efficacy were significantly higher than the proposed threshold (Cmax/MIC !/10; AUC/MIC !/125) in the two assessable cases.

TextSentencer_T1075

129187-129253

Sentence

denotes

All the patients were clinically cured after a 9 Á/15 day therapy.

T93950

129187-129253

Sentence

denotes

All the patients were clinically cured after a 9 Á/15 day therapy.

TextSentencer_T1076

129254-129498

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached The ad interim findings show that LFX 500 mg od may guarantee per os an exposure similar to that achievable after iv administration, suggesting that sequential therapy may be considered effective in the treatment of LRTI.

T53908

129254-129498

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached The ad interim findings show that LFX 500 mg od may guarantee per os an exposure similar to that achievable after iv administration, suggesting that sequential therapy may be considered effective in the treatment of LRTI.

TextSentencer_T1077

129499-129569

Sentence

denotes

Levofloxacine in the exacerbations of copd due to Pseudomonas ae PS117

T27763

129499-129569

Sentence

denotes

Levofloxacine in the exacerbations of copd due to Pseudomonas ae PS117

TextSentencer_T1078

129570-129751

Sentence

denotes

Micheletto C, Tognella S, Pomari C, Dal Negro R, Ospedale Orlandi, Div.Pneumologia, Bussolengo, Italy Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a problem of great concern.

T66200

129570-129751

Sentence

denotes

Micheletto C, Tognella S, Pomari C, Dal Negro R, Ospedale Orlandi, Div.Pneumologia, Bussolengo, Italy Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a problem of great concern.

TextSentencer_T1079

129752-129949

Sentence

denotes

Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps), are responsible for a significant proportion of episodes of COPD exacerbations, particularly in elderly (1).

T78291

129752-129949

Sentence

denotes

Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps), are responsible for a significant proportion of episodes of COPD exacerbations, particularly in elderly (1).

TextSentencer_T1080

129950-130121

Sentence

denotes

Aim was to check the susceptibility to common antimicrobial treatments against Ps strains isolated from bronchial secretions in patients with severe exacerbations of COPD.

T61513

129950-130121

Sentence

denotes

Aim was to check the susceptibility to common antimicrobial treatments against Ps strains isolated from bronchial secretions in patients with severe exacerbations of COPD.

TextSentencer_T1081

130122-130130

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T11464

130122-130130

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1082

130131-130308

Sentence

denotes

Microbial investigations were conducted on 290 specimens: spontaneous purulent sputum (88.4%), and tracheobronchial aspirates (11.6%, collected with a protected specimen brush).

T8851

130131-130308

Sentence

denotes

Microbial investigations were conducted on 290 specimens: spontaneous purulent sputum (88.4%), and tracheobronchial aspirates (11.6%, collected with a protected specimen brush).

TextSentencer_T1083

130309-130317

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T69275

130309-130317

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1084

130318-130417

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-seven Ps pathogen strains (106 CFU) were identified (19.6%) and tested over a 6-month period:

T54146

130318-130417

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-seven Ps pathogen strains (106 CFU) were identified (19.6%) and tested over a 6-month period:

TextSentencer_T1085

130418-130443

Sentence

denotes

Ps. aeruginosa 91.2%; Ps.

T77635

130418-130443

Sentence

denotes

Ps. aeruginosa 91.2%; Ps.

TextSentencer_T1086

130444-130509

Sentence

denotes

Putida 3.5%; Ps. fluorescens 3.5%, and Burkholderia Cepacia 1.8%.

T91196

130444-130509

Sentence

denotes

Putida 3.5%; Ps. fluorescens 3.5%, and Burkholderia Cepacia 1.8%.

TextSentencer_T1087

130510-130702

Sentence

denotes

The assessed susceptibility to most common antibiotics was: levofloxacine (90%), ciprofloxacine (84%), ipenem cil. (88%), ceftazidime (84%); amikacin (84%), and Piperacillin'/tazobactam (74%).

T48921

130510-130702

Sentence

denotes

The assessed susceptibility to most common antibiotics was: levofloxacine (90%), ciprofloxacine (84%), ipenem cil. (88%), ceftazidime (84%); amikacin (84%), and Piperacillin'/tazobactam (74%).

TextSentencer_T1088

130703-130821

Sentence

denotes

A much lower susceptibility was found for ticarcillin Á/clavulanic acid (58%), gentamicin (48%), and netilmicin (40%).

T66727

130703-130821

Sentence

denotes

A much lower susceptibility was found for ticarcillin Á/clavulanic acid (58%), gentamicin (48%), and netilmicin (40%).

TextSentencer_T1089

130822-131099

Sentence

denotes

(1) At present, Levofloxacine proves the most effective antimicrobic option for treating COPD exacerbations due to Ps infection; (2) a much more efficient policy of antibiotic prescribing should be promoted in order to prevent the selection of resistant strains in these cases.

T46391

130822-131099

Sentence

denotes

(1) At present, Levofloxacine proves the most effective antimicrobic option for treating COPD exacerbations due to Ps infection; (2) a much more efficient policy of antibiotic prescribing should be promoted in order to prevent the selection of resistant strains in these cases.

TextSentencer_T1090

131100-131337

Sentence

denotes

These results confirm the excellent 'in vitro' activity of levofloxacin against nosocomial Gram-negative pathogens, including the ESBL producing strains (90% of Escherichia coli , E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae were inhibited at 0.5 mg/l).

T93763

131100-131337

Sentence

denotes

These results confirm the excellent 'in vitro' activity of levofloxacin against nosocomial Gram-negative pathogens, including the ESBL producing strains (90% of Escherichia coli , E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae were inhibited at 0.5 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T1091

131338-131457

Sentence

denotes

Levofloxacin was more rapid than ciprofloxacin to determine a bactericidal effect particularly against S. maltophilia .

T65797

131338-131457

Sentence

denotes

Levofloxacin was more rapid than ciprofloxacin to determine a bactericidal effect particularly against S. maltophilia .

TextSentencer_T1092

131458-131628

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, considering the favourable PK/PD profile, levofloxacin can represent a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of severe Gram-negative nosocomial infections.

T61141

131458-131628

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, considering the favourable PK/PD profile, levofloxacin can represent a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of severe Gram-negative nosocomial infections.

TextSentencer_T1093

131629-131697

Sentence

denotes

Moretti F, Quiros-Roldan E, Casari S, Chiodera A, Viale P, Carosi G.

T89351

131629-131697

Sentence

denotes

Moretti F, Quiros-Roldan E, Casari S, Chiodera A, Viale P, Carosi G.

TextSentencer_T1094

131698-131782

Sentence

denotes

University of Brescia, Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Brescia, Italy

T57121

131698-131782

Sentence

denotes

University of Brescia, Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Brescia, Italy

TextSentencer_T1095

131783-131877

Sentence

denotes

A 34-year-old man, IVDU, HIV positive was attended in aur hospital for fever and toracic pain.

T92400

131783-131877

Sentence

denotes

A 34-year-old man, IVDU, HIV positive was attended in aur hospital for fever and toracic pain.

TextSentencer_T1096

131878-131981

Sentence

denotes

A X-chest radiography revealed a round lesion of 5 cm near the lingula with central hyper-diaphan area.

T35406

131878-131981

Sentence

denotes

A X-chest radiography revealed a round lesion of 5 cm near the lingula with central hyper-diaphan area.

TextSentencer_T1097

131982-132053

Sentence

denotes

Lymphocytes CD4'/ count was 21 cells/mm 3 and viral load 91.900 cp/ ml.

T42341

131982-132053

Sentence

denotes

Lymphocytes CD4'/ count was 21 cells/mm 3 and viral load 91.900 cp/ ml.

TextSentencer_T1098

132054-132156

Sentence

denotes

Hospital stay Rhodococcus equi was found in cultures of peripheral blood, faecal and sputum specimens.

T94032

132054-132156

Sentence

denotes

Hospital stay Rhodococcus equi was found in cultures of peripheral blood, faecal and sputum specimens.

TextSentencer_T1099

132157-132264

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic treatment with oral rifampin (600 mg/QD) and with intravenous imipenem (500 mg tid) was started.

T57167

132157-132264

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic treatment with oral rifampin (600 mg/QD) and with intravenous imipenem (500 mg tid) was started.

TextSentencer_T1100

132265-132458

Sentence

denotes

Due to the persisting fever, immodificated radiography and negativity for P. carinii , Mycobacteria and bacteria in BAL coltures, imipenem was substituted by parenteral vancomycin (400 mg bid).

T43305

132265-132458

Sentence

denotes

Due to the persisting fever, immodificated radiography and negativity for P. carinii , Mycobacteria and bacteria in BAL coltures, imipenem was substituted by parenteral vancomycin (400 mg bid).

TextSentencer_T1101

132459-132638

Sentence

denotes

After 10 days, because of persisting fever and increase of the diameter of the lung lesion (6 cm) vancomycin was sustituted by oral levofloxacyn (500 mg bid), continuing rifampin.

T43425

132459-132638

Sentence

denotes

After 10 days, because of persisting fever and increase of the diameter of the lung lesion (6 cm) vancomycin was sustituted by oral levofloxacyn (500 mg bid), continuing rifampin.

TextSentencer_T1102

132639-132704

Sentence

denotes

After a 4 days course of levofloxacyn therapy the fever remitted.

T27824

132639-132704

Sentence

denotes

After a 4 days course of levofloxacyn therapy the fever remitted.

TextSentencer_T1103

132705-132888

Sentence

denotes

The patient was discharged with levofloxacyn (500 mg bid) and rifampin and, after 2 months of follow-up, a radiological control pointed-out a remarkable resolution in the lung lesion.

T14612

132705-132888

Sentence

denotes

The patient was discharged with levofloxacyn (500 mg bid) and rifampin and, after 2 months of follow-up, a radiological control pointed-out a remarkable resolution in the lung lesion.

TextSentencer_T1104

132889-133048

Sentence

denotes

We may suppose that levofloxacyn can be effective for the treatment of R. equi infection, even if more studies (particularly controlled studies) are necessary.

T37882

132889-133048

Sentence

denotes

We may suppose that levofloxacyn can be effective for the treatment of R. equi infection, even if more studies (particularly controlled studies) are necessary.

TextSentencer_T1105

133049-133157

Sentence

denotes

Liberti A a , Izzo B a , Loiacono L b , Calabria G a , Patarino T a , Izzo E a . a II Department, Naples, D.

T90954

133049-133157

Sentence

denotes

Liberti A a , Izzo B a , Loiacono L b , Calabria G a , Patarino T a , Izzo E a . a II Department, Naples, D.

TextSentencer_T1106

133158-133212

Sentence

denotes

Cotugno Hospital, Italy , b III Department, Naples, D.

T60529

133158-133212

Sentence

denotes

Cotugno Hospital, Italy , b III Department, Naples, D.

TextSentencer_T1107

133213-133236

Sentence

denotes

Cotugno Hospital, Italy

T78753

133213-133236

Sentence

denotes

Cotugno Hospital, Italy

TextSentencer_T1108

133237-133507

Sentence

denotes

The increasing prevalence of Salmonella typhi strains with reduced susceptibility of chloramphenicol had prompted the search for other antibiotics with the same efficacy.Quinolones are a class of antibiotic with an activity in vitro and in vivo against enteropathogenes.

T12637

133237-133507

Sentence

denotes

The increasing prevalence of Salmonella typhi strains with reduced susceptibility of chloramphenicol had prompted the search for other antibiotics with the same efficacy.Quinolones are a class of antibiotic with an activity in vitro and in vivo against enteropathogenes.

TextSentencer_T1109

133508-133611

Sentence

denotes

We inwestigated the use of Levoxacin in two regimens of treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid infection.

T58245

133508-133611

Sentence

denotes

We inwestigated the use of Levoxacin in two regimens of treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid infection.

TextSentencer_T1110

133612-133633

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

T86332

133612-133633

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

TextSentencer_T1111

133634-133817

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-two adult patients were incluted in this study from September 1999 to April 2001; 26 patients had positive culture for S. typhi and six had positive cultures for S. paratyphi .

T44381

133634-133817

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-two adult patients were incluted in this study from September 1999 to April 2001; 26 patients had positive culture for S. typhi and six had positive cultures for S. paratyphi .

TextSentencer_T1112

133818-133867

Sentence

denotes

All isolated were fully susceptible to Levoxacin.

T66500

133818-133867

Sentence

denotes

All isolated were fully susceptible to Levoxacin.

TextSentencer_T1113

133868-134022

Sentence

denotes

We compared treatment with Levoxacin for 7 days, 500 mgr b.i.d. (group 1, 16 patients), with treatment for 10 days, 500 mgr b.i.d. (group 2, 16 patients).

T62845

133868-134022

Sentence

denotes

We compared treatment with Levoxacin for 7 days, 500 mgr b.i.d. (group 1, 16 patients), with treatment for 10 days, 500 mgr b.i.d. (group 2, 16 patients).

TextSentencer_T1114

134023-134175

Sentence

denotes

Clinical cure was defined as defervescenze of fever by day 3 of treatment, with an absence of complications and no clinical relapse during the followup.

T81510

134023-134175

Sentence

denotes

Clinical cure was defined as defervescenze of fever by day 3 of treatment, with an absence of complications and no clinical relapse during the followup.

TextSentencer_T1115

134176-134199

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusion:

T63602

134176-134199

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1116

134200-134356

Sentence

denotes

The clinical cure rate was 87% (14 patients) for group 1 and 94% (15 patients) for group 2; the difference in these rates was not statistically significant.

T82252

134200-134356

Sentence

denotes

The clinical cure rate was 87% (14 patients) for group 1 and 94% (15 patients) for group 2; the difference in these rates was not statistically significant.

TextSentencer_T1117

134357-134576

Sentence

denotes

The blood cultures of all patients were sterile by day 2 of treatment and remained so until the 6th month of follow-up, no subjects had clinical or microbiological relapse and all stool cultures remained negative, also.

T12980

134357-134576

Sentence

denotes

The blood cultures of all patients were sterile by day 2 of treatment and remained so until the 6th month of follow-up, no subjects had clinical or microbiological relapse and all stool cultures remained negative, also.

TextSentencer_T1118

134577-134874

Sentence

denotes

The two regimens of treatment was good tollerated and no adverse event was registered; it was concluded that Levoxacin treatment for 10 days in enteric fever is not necessary the mulidrug-resistence of S. typhi led to the use of Quinolones as the first-line drug in the treatment of enteric fever.

T32209

134577-134874

Sentence

denotes

The two regimens of treatment was good tollerated and no adverse event was registered; it was concluded that Levoxacin treatment for 10 days in enteric fever is not necessary the mulidrug-resistence of S. typhi led to the use of Quinolones as the first-line drug in the treatment of enteric fever.

TextSentencer_T1119

134875-134951

Sentence

denotes

Pefloxacin in the treatment of patient with acute infectious diarrhoea PS121

T25832

134875-134951

Sentence

denotes

Pefloxacin in the treatment of patient with acute infectious diarrhoea PS121

TextSentencer_T1120

134952-135174

Sentence

denotes

Troselj-Vukiae TVB a , Strahinja V b , Poljak I a , Stojanoviae D c , Nikoliae N d . a Department of Infectious Disease, University Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia , b GlaxoSmithKline, Marketing, Rijeka, Croatia , c Dept.

T25677

134952-135174

Sentence

denotes

Troselj-Vukiae TVB a , Strahinja V b , Poljak I a , Stojanoviae D c , Nikoliae N d . a Department of Infectious Disease, University Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia , b GlaxoSmithKline, Marketing, Rijeka, Croatia , c Dept.

TextSentencer_T1121

135175-135236

Sentence

denotes

Rijeka, Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia , d Dept.

T92311

135175-135236

Sentence

denotes

Rijeka, Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia , d Dept.

TextSentencer_T1122

135237-135278

Sentence

denotes

Rijeka, Maritime Academy, Rijeka, Croatia

T21635

135237-135278

Sentence

denotes

Rijeka, Maritime Academy, Rijeka, Croatia

TextSentencer_T1123

135279-135443

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to investigate clinical and bacteriological efficiency in 5 and 7 days pefloxacin treatment and to compare it with symptomatic therapy.

T7463

135279-135443

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to investigate clinical and bacteriological efficiency in 5 and 7 days pefloxacin treatment and to compare it with symptomatic therapy.

TextSentencer_T1124

135444-135621

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained in 47 patients treated with pefloxacin the therapy was clinically effective already in the third day while in the control group this happend in the 7th day.

T49799

135444-135621

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained in 47 patients treated with pefloxacin the therapy was clinically effective already in the third day while in the control group this happend in the 7th day.

TextSentencer_T1125

135622-135765

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriological eradication was noted in 18 patients (95%) of the first and 25 patients (93%) of second group in the 5th days of the treatment.

T27662

135622-135765

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriological eradication was noted in 18 patients (95%) of the first and 25 patients (93%) of second group in the 5th days of the treatment.

TextSentencer_T1126

135766-135853

Sentence

denotes

They all had negative cultures 1 and 4 weeks after pefloxacin protocols were completed.

T65625

135766-135853

Sentence

denotes

They all had negative cultures 1 and 4 weeks after pefloxacin protocols were completed.

TextSentencer_T1127

135854-135993

Sentence

denotes

Only 22 patients (63%) in control group had negative stool cultures in the 7th day of the treatment and all of them 4 weeks after it ended.

T48683

135854-135993

Sentence

denotes

Only 22 patients (63%) in control group had negative stool cultures in the 7th day of the treatment and all of them 4 weeks after it ended.

TextSentencer_T1128

135994-136163

Sentence

denotes

There was no statistically significant difference in clinical (P 0/0.232) and bacteriological (P 0/0.972) efficiency between 5 and 7 days pefloxacin treatment protocols.

T42415

135994-136163

Sentence

denotes

There was no statistically significant difference in clinical (P 0/0.232) and bacteriological (P 0/0.972) efficiency between 5 and 7 days pefloxacin treatment protocols.

TextSentencer_T1129

136164-136292

Sentence

denotes

Both protocols significantly differed in clinical (P B/0.001) and bacteriological (P0/0.017) eradication from the control group.

T39547

136164-136292

Sentence

denotes

Both protocols significantly differed in clinical (P B/0.001) and bacteriological (P0/0.017) eradication from the control group.

TextSentencer_T1130

136293-136477

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached is that the efficiency of pefloxacin (quinolones) in the treatment of acute infectiuos diarrhoea and justifies their use in the more severe forms of the disease.

T36833

136293-136477

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached is that the efficiency of pefloxacin (quinolones) in the treatment of acute infectiuos diarrhoea and justifies their use in the more severe forms of the disease.

TextSentencer_T1131

136478-136593

Sentence

denotes

Dalhoff A a , Ullmann U b , Schubert S b . a Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany , b University of Kiel, Institute of Med.

T71297

136478-136593

Sentence

denotes

Dalhoff A a , Ullmann U b , Schubert S b . a Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany , b University of Kiel, Institute of Med.

TextSentencer_T1132

136594-136633

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology, Kiel, Germany Background:

T99076

136594-136633

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology, Kiel, Germany Background:

TextSentencer_T1133

136634-136803

Sentence

denotes

The antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin (MXF) was compared to levofloxacin (LEV), amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA) and erythromycin (ERY) in an in vitro model.

T90284

136634-136803

Sentence

denotes

The antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin (MXF) was compared to levofloxacin (LEV), amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA) and erythromycin (ERY) in an in vitro model.

TextSentencer_T1134

136804-136811

Sentence

denotes

Method:

T12863

136804-136811

Sentence

denotes

Method:

TextSentencer_T1135

136812-136989

Sentence

denotes

Pharmacokinetics in bronchial mucosa (BM) and serum (S) following single oral doses of 400 mg MXF or CLA and 500 mg LEV, AMX or ERY were simulated using a one compartment model.

T43510

136812-136989

Sentence

denotes

Pharmacokinetics in bronchial mucosa (BM) and serum (S) following single oral doses of 400 mg MXF or CLA and 500 mg LEV, AMX or ERY were simulated using a one compartment model.

TextSentencer_T1136

136990-137033

Sentence

denotes

Bacteria tested Staphylococcus aureus (Nos.

T57684

136990-137033

Sentence

denotes

Bacteria tested Staphylococcus aureus (Nos.

TextSentencer_T1137

137034-137077

Sentence

denotes

133, 25895), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Nos.

T4355

137034-137077

Sentence

denotes

133, 25895), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Nos.

TextSentencer_T1138

137078-137089

Sentence

denotes

4241, 672).

T40800

137078-137089

Sentence

denotes

4241, 672).

TextSentencer_T1139

137090-137179

Sentence

denotes

Aliquots were taken (0 Á/8 h) and plated on to Brain Heart Infusion agar for enumeration.

T56419

137090-137179

Sentence

denotes

Aliquots were taken (0 Á/8 h) and plated on to Brain Heart Infusion agar for enumeration.

TextSentencer_T1140

137180-137245

Sentence

denotes

Results: S. pneumoniae 4241 was eliminated by all agents studied.

T1002

137180-137245

Sentence

denotes

Results: S. pneumoniae 4241 was eliminated by all agents studied.

TextSentencer_T1141

137246-137333

Sentence

denotes

Significant differences were apparent with S. pneumoniae 672 and the S. aureus strains:

T37740

137246-137333

Sentence

denotes

Significant differences were apparent with S. pneumoniae 672 and the S. aureus strains:

TextSentencer_T1142

137334-137344

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T23386

137334-137344

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T1143

137345-137490

Sentence

denotes

To compare the safety and efficacy of once-daily moxifloxacin with once-daily ceftriaxone in the treatment of CAP in HIV-infected patients (pts).

T93927

137345-137490

Sentence

denotes

To compare the safety and efficacy of once-daily moxifloxacin with once-daily ceftriaxone in the treatment of CAP in HIV-infected patients (pts).

TextSentencer_T1144

137491-137511

Sentence

denotes

Methods and Results:

T80744

137491-137511

Sentence

denotes

Methods and Results:

TextSentencer_T1145

137512-137699

Sentence

denotes

In a retrospective survey, oral moxifloxacin (400 mg daily)/12 Á/15 days) was compared to standard regimen of i.v. ceftriaxone (2 g daily)/10 Á/12 days) for treatment of CAP in HIV'/ pts.

T62685

137512-137699

Sentence

denotes

In a retrospective survey, oral moxifloxacin (400 mg daily)/12 Á/15 days) was compared to standard regimen of i.v. ceftriaxone (2 g daily)/10 Á/12 days) for treatment of CAP in HIV'/ pts.

TextSentencer_T1146

137700-137801

Sentence

denotes

Adults pts with clinical signs and symptoms of CAP and consistent chest X-ray findings were included.

T11013

137700-137801

Sentence

denotes

Adults pts with clinical signs and symptoms of CAP and consistent chest X-ray findings were included.

TextSentencer_T1147

137802-137870

Sentence

denotes

Pts had a median age of 39 years (range 29 Á/529 and 70% were male).

T48141

137802-137870

Sentence

denotes

Pts had a median age of 39 years (range 29 Á/529 and 70% were male).

TextSentencer_T1148

137871-137989

Sentence

denotes

Demographic characteristics were similar in both treatment groups; 15 pts received mxifloxacin and 25 pts ceftriaxone.

T95652

137871-137989

Sentence

denotes

Demographic characteristics were similar in both treatment groups; 15 pts received mxifloxacin and 25 pts ceftriaxone.

TextSentencer_T1149

137990-138063

Sentence

denotes

Clinical success rates were 94% for moxifloxacin and 96% for ceftriaxone.

T11731

137990-138063

Sentence

denotes

Clinical success rates were 94% for moxifloxacin and 96% for ceftriaxone.

TextSentencer_T1150

138064-138190

Sentence

denotes

At a post-study evaluation approximately 8 weeks later, 2 moxifloxacin-treated pts and 3 ceftriaxone-treated pts had relapsed.

T57408

138064-138190

Sentence

denotes

At a post-study evaluation approximately 8 weeks later, 2 moxifloxacin-treated pts and 3 ceftriaxone-treated pts had relapsed.

TextSentencer_T1151

138191-138261

Sentence

denotes

The adverse events reported were comparable for both treatment groups.

T49746

138191-138261

Sentence

denotes

The adverse events reported were comparable for both treatment groups.

TextSentencer_T1152

138262-138392

Sentence

denotes

There were four-related adverse events (3 GI, 1 headache) for moxifloxacin-treated and 7 (4GI, 3 skin) for ceftriaxonetreated pts.

T8959

138262-138392

Sentence

denotes

There were four-related adverse events (3 GI, 1 headache) for moxifloxacin-treated and 7 (4GI, 3 skin) for ceftriaxonetreated pts.

TextSentencer_T1153

138393-138404

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T66241

138393-138404

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1154

138405-138564

Sentence

denotes

The results of this study show that moxifloxacin as oral therapy is as effective and well tolerated as i.v. ceftriaxone in the treatment of HIV'/ pts with CAP.

T9204

138405-138564

Sentence

denotes

The results of this study show that moxifloxacin as oral therapy is as effective and well tolerated as i.v. ceftriaxone in the treatment of HIV'/ pts with CAP.

TextSentencer_T1155

138565-138668

Sentence

denotes

Therapy with moxifloxacin was not associated with any significant clinical or laboratory abnormalities.

T2169

138565-138668

Sentence

denotes

Therapy with moxifloxacin was not associated with any significant clinical or laboratory abnormalities.

TextSentencer_T1156

138669-138839

Sentence

denotes

These data suggest that once-daily oral administration of moxifloxacin is potentially convenient and cost-effective alternative therapy for CAP in pts with HIV infection.

T43501

138669-138839

Sentence

denotes

These data suggest that once-daily oral administration of moxifloxacin is potentially convenient and cost-effective alternative therapy for CAP in pts with HIV infection.

TextSentencer_T1157

138840-138988

Sentence

denotes

Moxifloxacin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis after first-line therapy failure or acute sinusitis with high risk of complications PS124

T62051

138840-138988

Sentence

denotes

Moxifloxacin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis after first-line therapy failure or acute sinusitis with high risk of complications PS124

TextSentencer_T1158

138989-139240

Sentence

denotes

Gehanno P a , Berche P b , Perrin A b , Arvis P c . a ENT Department, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France , b Microbiology Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France , c Bayer Pharma, Medical Affairs Department, Paris, France

T75925

138989-139240

Sentence

denotes

Gehanno P a , Berche P b , Perrin A b , Arvis P c . a ENT Department, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France , b Microbiology Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France , c Bayer Pharma, Medical Affairs Department, Paris, France

TextSentencer_T1159

139241-139461

Sentence

denotes

The efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin (MXF) 400 mg once daily for 7 days was evaluated in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis after first-line therapy failure, or acute sinusitis with high risk of complications.

T2160

139241-139461

Sentence

denotes

The efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin (MXF) 400 mg once daily for 7 days was evaluated in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis after first-line therapy failure, or acute sinusitis with high risk of complications.

TextSentencer_T1160

139462-139870

Sentence

denotes

In this prospective, multicenter study, a total of 216 patients with acute bacterial sinusitis confirmed by sinus X-ray were valid for efficacy analysis: one hundred and seventy five patients (81.0%) had an acute maxillary sinusitis which failed to respond to a previous antibiotic therapy given for a mean duration of 7.2 days, and 41 (19.0%) had an acute sinusitis with high risk of complications (frontal:

T95045

139462-139870

Sentence

denotes

In this prospective, multicenter study, a total of 216 patients with acute bacterial sinusitis confirmed by sinus X-ray were valid for efficacy analysis: one hundred and seventy five patients (81.0%) had an acute maxillary sinusitis which failed to respond to a previous antibiotic therapy given for a mean duration of 7.2 days, and 41 (19.0%) had an acute sinusitis with high risk of complications (frontal:

TextSentencer_T1161

139871-139889

Sentence

denotes

24, pan-sinusitis:

T1053

139871-139889

Sentence

denotes

24, pan-sinusitis:

TextSentencer_T1162

139890-139906

Sentence

denotes

15 and sphenoid:

T43946

139890-139906

Sentence

denotes

15 and sphenoid:

TextSentencer_T1163

139907-139910

Sentence

denotes

2).

T35239

139907-139910

Sentence

denotes

2).

TextSentencer_T1164

139911-139968

Sentence

denotes

Ninety two patients (42.6%) were microbiologically valid.

T16747

139911-139968

Sentence

denotes

Ninety two patients (42.6%) were microbiologically valid.

TextSentencer_T1165

139969-140091

Sentence

denotes

Clinical cure and continued clinical cure rates at 7 Á/10 and 28 Á/35 days post-therapy were 92.6 and 99.0%, respectively.

T48086

139969-140091

Sentence

denotes

Clinical cure and continued clinical cure rates at 7 Á/10 and 28 Á/35 days post-therapy were 92.6 and 99.0%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1166

140092-140269

Sentence

denotes

Clinical cure rates at 7 Á/10 days post-therapy were 94.9 and 82.9% in sinusitis after first-line therapy failure and in sinusitis with high risk of complications, respectively.

T55422

140092-140269

Sentence

denotes

Clinical cure rates at 7 Á/10 days post-therapy were 94.9 and 82.9% in sinusitis after first-line therapy failure and in sinusitis with high risk of complications, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1167

140270-140340

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriological eradication rate during therapy (Day 3 Á/4) was 95.7%.

T94109

140270-140340

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriological eradication rate during therapy (Day 3 Á/4) was 95.7%.

TextSentencer_T1168

140341-140369

Sentence

denotes

At 7 Á/10 days post-therapy.

T53968

140341-140369

Sentence

denotes

At 7 Á/10 days post-therapy.

TextSentencer_T1169

140370-140542

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriological success rates were 97.1% in patients who failed to respond to a previous antibiotic and 95.4% of patients who had sinusitis with high risk of complications.

T60927

140370-140542

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriological success rates were 97.1% in patients who failed to respond to a previous antibiotic and 95.4% of patients who had sinusitis with high risk of complications.

TextSentencer_T1170

140543-140681

Sentence

denotes

12.2% of patients experienced drug-related adverse events, abdominal pain (2.4%), nausea (2.4%) being the most frequently reported events.

T23788

140543-140681

Sentence

denotes

12.2% of patients experienced drug-related adverse events, abdominal pain (2.4%), nausea (2.4%) being the most frequently reported events.

TextSentencer_T1171

140682-140766

Sentence

denotes

MXF was rapidly effective and a well-tolerated treatment for this kind of infection.

T86034

140682-140766

Sentence

denotes

MXF was rapidly effective and a well-tolerated treatment for this kind of infection.

TextSentencer_T1172

140767-141056

Sentence

denotes

Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to penicillin and ciprofloxacin: novel mutation patterns in the gyr A and par C genes of ciprofloxacin resistant isolates and plasmid profile of penicillin resistant isolates of N. gonorrhoeae in India (Delhi) PS125 Chaudhry U, Saluja D.

T21944

140767-141056

Sentence

denotes

Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to penicillin and ciprofloxacin: novel mutation patterns in the gyr A and par C genes of ciprofloxacin resistant isolates and plasmid profile of penicillin resistant isolates of N. gonorrhoeae in India (Delhi) PS125 Chaudhry U, Saluja D.

TextSentencer_T1173

141057-141060

Sentence

denotes

Dr.

T48393

141057-141060

Sentence

denotes

Dr.

TextSentencer_T1174

141061-141063

Sentence

denotes

B.

T87022

141061-141063

Sentence

denotes

B.

TextSentencer_T1175

141064-141066

Sentence

denotes

R.

T55682

141064-141066

Sentence

denotes

R.

TextSentencer_T1176

141067-141141

Sentence

denotes

Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

T49430

141067-141141

Sentence

denotes

Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

TextSentencer_T1177

141142-141224

Sentence

denotes

Commercial sex workers (CSWs) serve as the most important reservoir of gonorrhoea.

T85050

141142-141224

Sentence

denotes

Commercial sex workers (CSWs) serve as the most important reservoir of gonorrhoea.

TextSentencer_T1178

141225-141438

Sentence

denotes

Periodic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a high-risk population provides essential clues regarding the rapidly changing pattern of antimicrobial susceptibilities.

T49140

141225-141438

Sentence

denotes

Periodic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a high-risk population provides essential clues regarding the rapidly changing pattern of antimicrobial susceptibilities.

TextSentencer_T1179

141439-141556

Sentence

denotes

In India, such a surveillance of the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae was established in 1997.

T15916

141439-141556

Sentence

denotes

In India, such a surveillance of the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae was established in 1997.

TextSentencer_T1180

141557-141725

Sentence

denotes

Significant increasing trend of penicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance with high MIC of 2 Á/16 and 1 Á/32 mg/ml, respectively were found over the years (1997 Á/2001) .

T17939

141557-141725

Sentence

denotes

Significant increasing trend of penicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance with high MIC of 2 Á/16 and 1 Á/32 mg/ml, respectively were found over the years (1997 Á/2001) .

TextSentencer_T1181

141726-141854

Sentence

denotes

The molecular basis of ciprofloxacin resistance, i.e. mutations in the gyr A and the par C genes of 170 isolates, were analyzed.

T25521

141726-141854

Sentence

denotes

The molecular basis of ciprofloxacin resistance, i.e. mutations in the gyr A and the par C genes of 170 isolates, were analyzed.

TextSentencer_T1182

141855-142007

Sentence

denotes

Four isolates (with an MIC of 32 mg/ml for ciprofloxacin) harbored triple mutations (Ser-91 to Phe, Asp-95 to Asn and Val-120 to Leu) in the gyr A gene.

T51367

141855-142007

Sentence

denotes

Four isolates (with an MIC of 32 mg/ml for ciprofloxacin) harbored triple mutations (Ser-91 to Phe, Asp-95 to Asn and Val-120 to Leu) in the gyr A gene.

TextSentencer_T1183

142008-142170

Sentence

denotes

The third mutation of Val-120 to Leu, lies downstream of the quinolone resistance determining region of the gyr A and has not been described before in gonococcus.

T96863

142008-142170

Sentence

denotes

The third mutation of Val-120 to Leu, lies downstream of the quinolone resistance determining region of the gyr A and has not been described before in gonococcus.

TextSentencer_T1184

142171-142275

Sentence

denotes

In addition, these isolates had a Phe-100 to Tyr substitution in the par C, a hitherto unknown mutation.

T40043

142171-142275

Sentence

denotes

In addition, these isolates had a Phe-100 to Tyr substitution in the par C, a hitherto unknown mutation.

TextSentencer_T1185

142276-142458

Sentence

denotes

The alterations in the par C gene were seen in these isolates only in the presence of changes in the gyr A gene and comprised amino acid changes at codons 91, 100, 104, 109, and 131.

T543

142276-142458

Sentence

denotes

The alterations in the par C gene were seen in these isolates only in the presence of changes in the gyr A gene and comprised amino acid changes at codons 91, 100, 104, 109, and 131.

TextSentencer_T1186

142459-142640

Sentence

denotes

The presence of b-lactamase plasmid among the penicillinresistant isolates was determined by their plasmid profiles and further confirmation was carried out by a PCR based protocol.

T468

142459-142640

Sentence

denotes

The presence of b-lactamase plasmid among the penicillinresistant isolates was determined by their plasmid profiles and further confirmation was carried out by a PCR based protocol.

TextSentencer_T1187

142641-142862

Sentence

denotes

Our findings suggest that emergence of penicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae isolates from a major STD center in India, indicates the need for the increased awareness and prudent use of antimicrobials.

T98267

142641-142862

Sentence

denotes

Our findings suggest that emergence of penicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae isolates from a major STD center in India, indicates the need for the increased awareness and prudent use of antimicrobials.

TextSentencer_T1188

142863-142959

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of newer antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PS126

T55189

142863-142959

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of newer antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PS126

TextSentencer_T1189

142960-143043

Sentence

denotes

Gutierrez Zufiaurre MN, Sanchez Hernandez J, Munoz-Bellido JL, Garcia-Rodriguez JA.

T96472

142960-143043

Sentence

denotes

Gutierrez Zufiaurre MN, Sanchez Hernandez J, Munoz-Bellido JL, Garcia-Rodriguez JA.

TextSentencer_T1190

143044-143112

Sentence

denotes

Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Microbiología, Salamanca, Spain

T55908

143044-143112

Sentence

denotes

Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Microbiología, Salamanca, Spain

TextSentencer_T1191

143113-143205

Sentence

denotes

Purpose: MRSA are frequently co-resistant to a number of structurally unrelated antibiotics.

T36219

143113-143205

Sentence

denotes

Purpose: MRSA are frequently co-resistant to a number of structurally unrelated antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T1192

143206-143296

Sentence

denotes

More than 70% MRSA are resistant to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, macrolides and clindamycin.

T1522

143206-143296

Sentence

denotes

More than 70% MRSA are resistant to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, macrolides and clindamycin.

TextSentencer_T1193

143297-143385

Sentence

denotes

Newer antibiotics active against multi-drug resistant Grampositives have been developed.

T97779

143297-143385

Sentence

denotes

Newer antibiotics active against multi-drug resistant Grampositives have been developed.

TextSentencer_T1194

143386-143519

Sentence

denotes

We have tested the in vitro activity of newer antibiotics against genetically-characterized, high level ciprofloxacin resistant MRSA.

T38498

143386-143519

Sentence

denotes

We have tested the in vitro activity of newer antibiotics against genetically-characterized, high level ciprofloxacin resistant MRSA.

TextSentencer_T1195

143520-143541

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T66718

143520-143541

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T1196

143542-143809

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-six ciprofloxacin-resistant, gyrA/grlA mutant MRSA clinical strains were tested against levofloxacin (LFX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), moxifloxacin (MFX), gatifloxacin (GFX), erythromycin (ER), telithromycin (TL), linezolid (LIN), synercid (SYN) and vancomycin (VA).

T16587

143542-143809

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-six ciprofloxacin-resistant, gyrA/grlA mutant MRSA clinical strains were tested against levofloxacin (LFX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), moxifloxacin (MFX), gatifloxacin (GFX), erythromycin (ER), telithromycin (TL), linezolid (LIN), synercid (SYN) and vancomycin (VA).

TextSentencer_T1197

143810-143887

Sentence

denotes

MICs were determined by the agar dilution method, according NCCLS guidelines.

T63774

143810-143887

Sentence

denotes

MICs were determined by the agar dilution method, according NCCLS guidelines.

TextSentencer_T1198

143888-143912

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

T31557

143888-143912

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1199

143913-144010

Sentence

denotes

All the strains were resistant to CFX, 55,5% were LFX-susceptible and 63.9% were GFX-susceptible.

T62482

143913-144010

Sentence

denotes

All the strains were resistant to CFX, 55,5% were LFX-susceptible and 63.9% were GFX-susceptible.

TextSentencer_T1200

144011-144128

Sentence

denotes

Nevertheless, MICs of LFX and GFX for all susceptible strains was in the highest extreme of the susceptibility range.

T37959

144011-144128

Sentence

denotes

Nevertheless, MICs of LFX and GFX for all susceptible strains was in the highest extreme of the susceptibility range.

TextSentencer_T1201

144129-144163

Sentence

denotes

MFX was the most active quinolone.

T16129

144129-144163

Sentence

denotes

MFX was the most active quinolone.

TextSentencer_T1202

144164-144249

Sentence

denotes

Almost all the strains were high-level ER-resistant with constitutive MLSB phenotype.

T93229

144164-144249

Sentence

denotes

Almost all the strains were high-level ER-resistant with constitutive MLSB phenotype.

TextSentencer_T1203

144250-144377

Sentence

denotes

TL did not improve significantly its behaviour, although it was 10-fold as active as ER against the only ER-susceptible strain.

T69091

144250-144377

Sentence

denotes

TL did not improve significantly its behaviour, although it was 10-fold as active as ER against the only ER-susceptible strain.

TextSentencer_T1204

144378-144441

Sentence

denotes

VA, LIN and SYN had excellent activity against all the strains.

T14775

144378-144441

Sentence

denotes

VA, LIN and SYN had excellent activity against all the strains.

TextSentencer_T1205

144442-144582

Sentence

denotes

They showed a very homogeneous behaviour against all the strains that were included in a range of 1 Á/4 mg/l of LIN and VA and 0.5 Á/1 mg/l.

T64914

144442-144582

Sentence

denotes

They showed a very homogeneous behaviour against all the strains that were included in a range of 1 Á/4 mg/l of LIN and VA and 0.5 Á/1 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T1206

144583-144666

Sentence

denotes

Sanchez Hernandez J, Gutierrez Zufiaurre MN, Munoz-Bellido JL, Garcia-Rodriguez JA.

T45327

144583-144666

Sentence

denotes

Sanchez Hernandez J, Gutierrez Zufiaurre MN, Munoz-Bellido JL, Garcia-Rodriguez JA.

TextSentencer_T1207

144667-144735

Sentence

denotes

Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Microbiología, Salamanca, Spain

T48911

144667-144735

Sentence

denotes

Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Microbiología, Salamanca, Spain

TextSentencer_T1208

144736-144744

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T40324

144736-144744

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T1209

144745-144888

Sentence

denotes

Corynebacterium urealyticum is the etiologic agent of encrusted cystitis and inespecific UTIs, and can be also involved in systemic infections.

T94336

144745-144888

Sentence

denotes

Corynebacterium urealyticum is the etiologic agent of encrusted cystitis and inespecific UTIs, and can be also involved in systemic infections.

TextSentencer_T1210

144889-145082

Sentence

denotes

C. urealyticum is frequently multi-drug resistant, so only glycopeptide antibiotics and tetracyclines have high susceptibility rates, while fluoroquinolones resistance rates vary significantly.

T39341

144889-145082

Sentence

denotes

C. urealyticum is frequently multi-drug resistant, so only glycopeptide antibiotics and tetracyclines have high susceptibility rates, while fluoroquinolones resistance rates vary significantly.

TextSentencer_T1211

145083-145246

Sentence

denotes

We have tested the in vitro activity of linezolid, telithromycin, synercid and newer fluoroquinolones against multi-drug resistant C. urealyticum clinical strains.

T31345

145083-145246

Sentence

denotes

We have tested the in vitro activity of linezolid, telithromycin, synercid and newer fluoroquinolones against multi-drug resistant C. urealyticum clinical strains.

TextSentencer_T1212

145247-145268

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T59125

145247-145268

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T1213

145269-145484

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-four C. urealyticum clinical strains were tested against levofloxacin (LFX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), moxifloxacin (MFX), erythromycin (ER), telithromycin (TL), linezolid (LIN), synercid (SYN) and vancomycin (VA).

T9813

145269-145484

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-four C. urealyticum clinical strains were tested against levofloxacin (LFX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), moxifloxacin (MFX), erythromycin (ER), telithromycin (TL), linezolid (LIN), synercid (SYN) and vancomycin (VA).

TextSentencer_T1214

145485-145592

Sentence

denotes

MICs were determined by the agar dilution method according guidelines defined by the NCCLS for enterococci.

T86125

145485-145592

Sentence

denotes

MICs were determined by the agar dilution method according guidelines defined by the NCCLS for enterococci.

TextSentencer_T1215

145593-145617

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

T65898

145593-145617

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1216

145618-145750

Sentence

denotes

Results confirm the high resistance rate to older fluoroquinolones and macrolides, with !/50% CFX resistance and 100% ER-resistance.

T12106

145618-145750

Sentence

denotes

Results confirm the high resistance rate to older fluoroquinolones and macrolides, with !/50% CFX resistance and 100% ER-resistance.

TextSentencer_T1217

145751-145788

Sentence

denotes

LFX was more active (MIC90 32 mg/ml).

T56156

145751-145788

Sentence

denotes

LFX was more active (MIC90 32 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T1218

145789-145846

Sentence

denotes

MFX was the most active fluoroquinolones (MIC90 4 mg/ml).

T73194

145789-145846

Sentence

denotes

MFX was the most active fluoroquinolones (MIC90 4 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T1219

145847-145911

Sentence

denotes

TL improve its behaviour in respect to ER (range 0.5 Á/1 mg/ml).

T23402

145847-145911

Sentence

denotes

TL improve its behaviour in respect to ER (range 0.5 Á/1 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T1220

145912-145965

Sentence

denotes

VA, LIN and SYN had excellent antimicrobial activity.

T17242

145912-145965

Sentence

denotes

VA, LIN and SYN had excellent antimicrobial activity.

TextSentencer_T1221

145966-145998

Sentence

denotes

No resistant strains were found.

T90152

145966-145998

Sentence

denotes

No resistant strains were found.

TextSentencer_T1222

145999-146043

Sentence

denotes

MIC90 were 1, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml, respectively.

T60030

145999-146043

Sentence

denotes

MIC90 were 1, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1223

146044-146308

Sentence

denotes

MICs were similar for all the strains independently of their resistance to other antibiotics Plasma concentrations, urinary excretion and bactericidal activity of linezolid (600 mg) versus ciprofloxacin (500 mg) in healthy volunteers after a single oral dose PS128

T14143

146044-146308

Sentence

denotes

MICs were similar for all the strains independently of their resistance to other antibiotics Plasma concentrations, urinary excretion and bactericidal activity of linezolid (600 mg) versus ciprofloxacin (500 mg) in healthy volunteers after a single oral dose PS128

TextSentencer_T1224

146309-146559

Sentence

denotes

Wagenlehner FME a , Wydra S a , Onda H a , Kinzig-Schippers M b , Sö rgel F b , Naber KG a . a Hospital St. Elisabeth, Urologic Clinic, Straubing, Germany , b Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, (IBMP), Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany

T57857

146309-146559

Sentence

denotes

Wagenlehner FME a , Wydra S a , Onda H a , Kinzig-Schippers M b , Sö rgel F b , Naber KG a . a Hospital St. Elisabeth, Urologic Clinic, Straubing, Germany , b Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, (IBMP), Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany

TextSentencer_T1225

146560-146581

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

T42573

146560-146581

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T1226

146582-146830

Sentence

denotes

In a randomized cross-over study 12 volunteers received a single oral dose of 600 mg linezolid versus 500 mg ciprofloxacin to assess plasma concentrations (up to 24 h), urinary excretion (by HPLC), and urinary bactericidal titers (UBT) up to 120 h.

T79188

146582-146830

Sentence

denotes

In a randomized cross-over study 12 volunteers received a single oral dose of 600 mg linezolid versus 500 mg ciprofloxacin to assess plasma concentrations (up to 24 h), urinary excretion (by HPLC), and urinary bactericidal titers (UBT) up to 120 h.

TextSentencer_T1227

146831-146929

Sentence

denotes

The mean maximum plasma concentration of linezolid was 12.1 mg/ ml and of ciprofloxacin 2.4 mg/ml.

T58609

146831-146929

Sentence

denotes

The mean maximum plasma concentration of linezolid was 12.1 mg/ ml and of ciprofloxacin 2.4 mg/ml.

TextSentencer_T1228

146930-147023

Sentence

denotes

The cumulative renal excretion (mean) of parent drug was 40%/41% for linezolid/ciprofloxacin.

T60447

146930-147023

Sentence

denotes

The cumulative renal excretion (mean) of parent drug was 40%/41% for linezolid/ciprofloxacin.

TextSentencer_T1229

147024-147325

Sentence

denotes

UBTs were determined for a reference strain and five Gram-positive clinical uropathogens with the following MICs (mg/ml) for linezolid/ciprofloxacin: S. aureus ATCC 27278 (4/0.25), S. aureus (MSSA) (2/32), S. aureus (MRSA) (2/128), S. saprophyticus (MSSE) (2/0.5), E. faecalis (2/1), E. faecium (2/2).

T92295

147024-147325

Sentence

denotes

UBTs were determined for a reference strain and five Gram-positive clinical uropathogens with the following MICs (mg/ml) for linezolid/ciprofloxacin: S. aureus ATCC 27278 (4/0.25), S. aureus (MSSA) (2/32), S. aureus (MRSA) (2/128), S. saprophyticus (MSSE) (2/0.5), E. faecalis (2/1), E. faecium (2/2).

TextSentencer_T1230

147326-147334

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T48579

147326-147334

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1231

147335-147480

Sentence

denotes

Median UBTs measured within the first 6 h for linezolid were 1:96 for enterococcal strains and 1:128 to 1:256 for the four staphylococal strains.

T72938

147335-147480

Sentence

denotes

Median UBTs measured within the first 6 h for linezolid were 1:96 for enterococcal strains and 1:128 to 1:256 for the four staphylococal strains.

TextSentencer_T1232

147481-147660

Sentence

denotes

Median UBTs for ciprofloxacin were 1:64 for the two enterococcal strains, 1:384 to 1:512 for the two ciprofloxacin susceptible, 1:1.5 for the two resistant staphylococcal strains.

T30595

147481-147660

Sentence

denotes

Median UBTs for ciprofloxacin were 1:64 for the two enterococcal strains, 1:384 to 1:512 for the two ciprofloxacin susceptible, 1:1.5 for the two resistant staphylococcal strains.

TextSentencer_T1233

147661-147826

Sentence

denotes

Areas under the UBT Á/time-curve showed statistically significant differences only for the two ciprofloxacin resistant staphylococcal strains in favour of linezolid.

T9460

147661-147826

Sentence

denotes

Areas under the UBT Á/time-curve showed statistically significant differences only for the two ciprofloxacin resistant staphylococcal strains in favour of linezolid.

TextSentencer_T1234

147827-147838

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T38274

147827-147838

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1235

147839-147945

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid exhibited the same bactericidal activity against ciprofloxacin resistant as susceptible strains.

T42433

147839-147945

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid exhibited the same bactericidal activity against ciprofloxacin resistant as susceptible strains.

TextSentencer_T1236

147946-148060

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid should be tested for treatment of complicated UTI due to Gram-positive uropathogens in a clinical trial.

T91888

147946-148060

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid should be tested for treatment of complicated UTI due to Gram-positive uropathogens in a clinical trial.

TextSentencer_T1237

148061-148106

Sentence

denotes

Whitehouse T a , Cepeda JA a , Tobin Purpose:

T82382

148061-148106

Sentence

denotes

Whitehouse T a , Cepeda JA a , Tobin Purpose:

TextSentencer_T1238

148107-148288

Sentence

denotes

We performed pharmacokinetics within a double-blind, randomised trial comparing linezolid and teicoplanin in intensive care patients with known or suspected Gram-positive infection.

T21682

148107-148288

Sentence

denotes

We performed pharmacokinetics within a double-blind, randomised trial comparing linezolid and teicoplanin in intensive care patients with known or suspected Gram-positive infection.

TextSentencer_T1239

148289-148475

Sentence

denotes

They received either 600 mg linezolid intravenously 12-hourly, or 400 mg teicoplanin 12-hourly for the first three doses and once daily thereafter (or every 3rd day if renally impaired).

T38180

148289-148475

Sentence

denotes

They received either 600 mg linezolid intravenously 12-hourly, or 400 mg teicoplanin 12-hourly for the first three doses and once daily thereafter (or every 3rd day if renally impaired).

TextSentencer_T1240

148476-148546

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were collected to create serum pharmacokinetic profiles.

T70036

148476-148546

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were collected to create serum pharmacokinetic profiles.

TextSentencer_T1241

148547-148638

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid was quantitated by HPLC and teicoplanin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.

T42051

148547-148638

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid was quantitated by HPLC and teicoplanin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.

TextSentencer_T1242

148639-148647

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T53627

148639-148647

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1243

148648-148758

Sentence

denotes

Twenty two patients were studied in the linezolid group (M Á/F 13:9, mean age 54 years [range 19 Á/90 years]).

T99554

148648-148758

Sentence

denotes

Twenty two patients were studied in the linezolid group (M Á/F 13:9, mean age 54 years [range 19 Á/90 years]).

TextSentencer_T1244

148759-148813

Sentence

denotes

Median treatment duration was 8.5 days (range 4 Á/18).

T10839

148759-148813

Sentence

denotes

Median treatment duration was 8.5 days (range 4 Á/18).

TextSentencer_T1245

148814-148943

Sentence

denotes

Eighteen patients were treated with teicoplanin (M Á/F 13:5, mean age 57 years [range 17 Á/86]) for median 9 days (range 4 Á/17).

T18535

148814-148943

Sentence

denotes

Eighteen patients were treated with teicoplanin (M Á/F 13:5, mean age 57 years [range 17 Á/86]) for median 9 days (range 4 Á/17).

TextSentencer_T1246

148944-149067

Sentence

denotes

Steady state peak concentrations (mean9/ SD) for linezolid and teicoplanin were 12.89/5.0 and 10.59/4.7 mg/l, respectively.

T35657

148944-149067

Sentence

denotes

Steady state peak concentrations (mean9/ SD) for linezolid and teicoplanin were 12.89/5.0 and 10.59/4.7 mg/l, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1247

149068-149166

Sentence

denotes

Trough concentrations at day 4 were 4.79/4.3 mg/l for linezolid and 7.99/2.5 mg/l for teicoplanin.

T74509

149068-149166

Sentence

denotes

Trough concentrations at day 4 were 4.79/4.3 mg/l for linezolid and 7.99/2.5 mg/l for teicoplanin.

TextSentencer_T1248

149167-149268

Sentence

denotes

Recommended breakpoints of Staphylococcus aureus are 4 mg/l for linezolid and 8 mg/l for teicoplanin.

T19850

149167-149268

Sentence

denotes

Recommended breakpoints of Staphylococcus aureus are 4 mg/l for linezolid and 8 mg/l for teicoplanin.

TextSentencer_T1249

149269-149364

Sentence

denotes

Accumulation occurred in one 90-year-old linezolidtreated patient with impaired renal function.

T86711

149269-149364

Sentence

denotes

Accumulation occurred in one 90-year-old linezolidtreated patient with impaired renal function.

TextSentencer_T1250

149365-149376

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T66674

149365-149376

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1251

149377-149536

Sentence

denotes

Current recommended dosing regimens for linezolid and teicoplanin are generally appropriate in the critically ill, though a more detailed analysis is required.

T66561

149377-149536

Sentence

denotes

Current recommended dosing regimens for linezolid and teicoplanin are generally appropriate in the critically ill, though a more detailed analysis is required.

TextSentencer_T1252

149537-149621

Sentence

denotes

Stamos G, Lebessi E, Ioannidou S, Paleologou N, Kallergi K, Foustoukou M, 'P. and A.

T86610

149537-149621

Sentence

denotes

Stamos G, Lebessi E, Ioannidou S, Paleologou N, Kallergi K, Foustoukou M, 'P. and A.

TextSentencer_T1253

149622-149682

Sentence

denotes

Kyriakou ' Children's Hospital, Microbiology, Athens, Greece

T49783

149622-149682

Sentence

denotes

Kyriakou ' Children's Hospital, Microbiology, Athens, Greece

TextSentencer_T1254

149683-149941

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from a 500-bed Paediatric Hospital to Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Q/D, streptogramin combination) and Linezolid (LZD, oxazolidinone).

T17993

149683-149941

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from a 500-bed Paediatric Hospital to Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Q/D, streptogramin combination) and Linezolid (LZD, oxazolidinone).

TextSentencer_T1255

149942-149951

Sentence

denotes

Material:

T14605

149942-149951

Sentence

denotes

Material:

TextSentencer_T1256

149952-150251

Sentence

denotes

We performed a retrospective analysis of 85 MRSA strains, isolated from patients hospitalized in miscellaneous medical departments [Neonatal Unit (35) , Surgical Wards (15), Orthopaedic Wards (9), Oncology Unit (7), other wards (8) and outpatient clinic (11)], during a 3-year period (1998 Á/2000) .

T91195

149952-150251

Sentence

denotes

We performed a retrospective analysis of 85 MRSA strains, isolated from patients hospitalized in miscellaneous medical departments [Neonatal Unit (35) , Surgical Wards (15), Orthopaedic Wards (9), Oncology Unit (7), other wards (8) and outpatient clinic (11)], during a 3-year period (1998 Á/2000) .

TextSentencer_T1257

150252-150384

Sentence

denotes

The sources of isolation were pus (23), throat (22), nasal (8), bronchial (5), skin (6), stool (6) ear (4) and other (11) specimens.

T2189

150252-150384

Sentence

denotes

The sources of isolation were pus (23), throat (22), nasal (8), bronchial (5), skin (6), stool (6) ear (4) and other (11) specimens.

TextSentencer_T1258

150385-150497

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were sensitive to glycopeptides, while 22.4% were resistant to gentamicin and 7.1% to erythromycin.

T77613

150385-150497

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were sensitive to glycopeptides, while 22.4% were resistant to gentamicin and 7.1% to erythromycin.

TextSentencer_T1259

150498-150506

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T38862

150498-150506

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1260

150507-150645

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity testing was performed by a disk diffusion method (BBL sensitivity disks, Becton Dickinson), according to NCCLS guidelines.

T37844

150507-150645

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity testing was performed by a disk diffusion method (BBL sensitivity disks, Becton Dickinson), according to NCCLS guidelines.

TextSentencer_T1261

150646-150784

Sentence

denotes

The breakpoint zone diameters for LZD and Q/ D were ]/21 and ]/19 mm for susceptibility and 5/17 and 5/15 mm for resistance, respectively.

T80261

150646-150784

Sentence

denotes

The breakpoint zone diameters for LZD and Q/ D were ]/21 and ]/19 mm for susceptibility and 5/17 and 5/15 mm for resistance, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1262

150785-150793

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T31204

150785-150793

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1263

150794-150857

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were proved to be susceptible to both antibiotics.

T35058

150794-150857

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were proved to be susceptible to both antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T1264

150858-150923

Sentence

denotes

The mean inhibition zones were 29.1 mm for LZD and 26 mm for Q/D.

T70919

150858-150923

Sentence

denotes

The mean inhibition zones were 29.1 mm for LZD and 26 mm for Q/D.

TextSentencer_T1265

150924-151048

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: LZD and Q/D are very promising antimicrobial agents, showing excellent activity against MRSA clinical isolates.

T3274

150924-151048

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: LZD and Q/D are very promising antimicrobial agents, showing excellent activity against MRSA clinical isolates.

TextSentencer_T1266

151049-151138

Sentence

denotes

The prudent therapeutic use is strongly recommended to avoid the emergence of resistance.

T50435

151049-151138

Sentence

denotes

The prudent therapeutic use is strongly recommended to avoid the emergence of resistance.

TextSentencer_T1267

151139-151347

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of streptogramins and oxazolidinones against Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates PS131 Stamos G, Lebessi E, Paleologou N, Psatha M, Sanida P, Zaphiropoulou A, Foustoukou M, 'P. and A.

T59130

151139-151347

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of streptogramins and oxazolidinones against Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates PS131 Stamos G, Lebessi E, Paleologou N, Psatha M, Sanida P, Zaphiropoulou A, Foustoukou M, 'P. and A.

TextSentencer_T1268

151348-151408

Sentence

denotes

Kyriakou ' Children's Hospital, Microbiology, Athens, Greece

T67296

151348-151408

Sentence

denotes

Kyriakou ' Children's Hospital, Microbiology, Athens, Greece

TextSentencer_T1269

151409-151681

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of Linezolid (LZD), a member of oxazolidinones and the streptogramin combination Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Q/D) against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a tertiary care Paediatric Hospital.

T99125

151409-151681

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of Linezolid (LZD), a member of oxazolidinones and the streptogramin combination Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Q/D) against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a tertiary care Paediatric Hospital.

TextSentencer_T1270

151682-151691

Sentence

denotes

Material:

T49168

151682-151691

Sentence

denotes

Material:

TextSentencer_T1271

151692-151811

Sentence

denotes

A total of 53 pneumococcal isolates exhibiting reduced susceptibility to common antibiotics were included in the study.

T22010

151692-151811

Sentence

denotes

A total of 53 pneumococcal isolates exhibiting reduced susceptibility to common antibiotics were included in the study.

TextSentencer_T1272

151812-151942

Sentence

denotes

The strains were isolated from middle ear fluid (34), eye (4), nasal (5) blood (6) and other (4) cultures during the last 4 years.

T61778

151812-151942

Sentence

denotes

The strains were isolated from middle ear fluid (34), eye (4), nasal (5) blood (6) and other (4) cultures during the last 4 years.

TextSentencer_T1273

151943-152100

Sentence

denotes

The percentages of the isolates that were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and clindamycin were 67.9, 67.9, 67.9 and 26.4%, respectively.

T11249

151943-152100

Sentence

denotes

The percentages of the isolates that were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and clindamycin were 67.9, 67.9, 67.9 and 26.4%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1274

152101-152109

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T92113

152101-152109

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1275

152110-152229

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility testing was performed by a standard disk diffusion method (BBL sensitivity disks, Becton Dickinson).

T25148

152110-152229

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility testing was performed by a standard disk diffusion method (BBL sensitivity disks, Becton Dickinson).

TextSentencer_T1276

152230-152378

Sentence

denotes

In case of marginal results or intermediate sensitivity to Quinupristin/ Dalfopristin, the MIC was determined using the E -test method (AB Biodisk).

T65030

152230-152378

Sentence

denotes

In case of marginal results or intermediate sensitivity to Quinupristin/ Dalfopristin, the MIC was determined using the E -test method (AB Biodisk).

TextSentencer_T1277

152379-152387

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T17234

152379-152387

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1278

152388-152435

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were found to be sensitive to LZD.

T8193

152388-152435

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were found to be sensitive to LZD.

TextSentencer_T1279

152436-152597

Sentence

denotes

Q/D was very active as well, except for two isolates that exhibited intermediate susceptibility, showing cross-resistance to macrolides and clindamycin, as well.

T94130

152436-152597

Sentence

denotes

Q/D was very active as well, except for two isolates that exhibited intermediate susceptibility, showing cross-resistance to macrolides and clindamycin, as well.

TextSentencer_T1280

152598-152610

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T78148

152598-152610

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1281

152611-152821

Sentence

denotes

The new antimicrobial agents show excellent activity against resistant to common antimicrobials pneumococcal isolates, but the clinical use is not suggested, unless no other therapeutic solutions are available.

T27800

152611-152821

Sentence

denotes

The new antimicrobial agents show excellent activity against resistant to common antimicrobials pneumococcal isolates, but the clinical use is not suggested, unless no other therapeutic solutions are available.

TextSentencer_T1282

152822-152985

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid is a new oxazolidinone with excellent activity against Gram-positive organisms including glycopeptide-resistant strains of staphylococci and enterococci.

T28109

152822-152985

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid is a new oxazolidinone with excellent activity against Gram-positive organisms including glycopeptide-resistant strains of staphylococci and enterococci.

TextSentencer_T1283

152986-153089

Sentence

denotes

In ICU linezolid has been used for the treatment of severe Gram-positive infections in a control trial.

T86408

152986-153089

Sentence

denotes

In ICU linezolid has been used for the treatment of severe Gram-positive infections in a control trial.

TextSentencer_T1284

153090-153182

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility pattern of all Gram-positive isolates from ICU patients has been studied.

T18030

153090-153182

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility pattern of all Gram-positive isolates from ICU patients has been studied.

TextSentencer_T1285

153183-153191

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T46720

153183-153191

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1286

153192-153308

Sentence

denotes

A total of 2427 specimens from ICU patients were processed, 767 were from patients enrolled in the antibiotic trial.

T14268

153192-153308

Sentence

denotes

A total of 2427 specimens from ICU patients were processed, 767 were from patients enrolled in the antibiotic trial.

TextSentencer_T1287

153309-153489

Sentence

denotes

All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus sp and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were tested.

T8491

153309-153489

Sentence

denotes

All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus sp and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were tested.

TextSentencer_T1288

153490-153558

Sentence

denotes

The break point for linezolid was 4 mg/l and for teicoplanin 8 mg/l.

T40037

153490-153558

Sentence

denotes

The break point for linezolid was 4 mg/l and for teicoplanin 8 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T1289

153559-153610

Sentence

denotes

Isolates were tested for susceptibility by E -test.

T67934

153559-153610

Sentence

denotes

Isolates were tested for susceptibility by E -test.

TextSentencer_T1290

153611-153619

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T99949

153611-153619

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1291

153620-153778

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid (1063 isolates) MIC 50/90 (mg/l) were as follows: MRSA (N 0/541) 0.6/2, CoNS (N0/143) 0.9/1.4, Enterococcus sp (N0/39) 0.7/0.8, MSSA (N0/340) 0.8/1.

T85391

153620-153778

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid (1063 isolates) MIC 50/90 (mg/l) were as follows: MRSA (N 0/541) 0.6/2, CoNS (N0/143) 0.9/1.4, Enterococcus sp (N0/39) 0.7/0.8, MSSA (N0/340) 0.8/1.

TextSentencer_T1292

153779-153922

Sentence

denotes

Teicoplanin (782 isolates) MIC 50/90(mg/l) MRSA (N0/415) 1.9/3.5, CoNS (N 0/100) 4/7.4, Enterococcus sp (N0/24) 0.9/1.4, MSSA (N0/243) 2.2/2.6.

T50628

153779-153922

Sentence

denotes

Teicoplanin (782 isolates) MIC 50/90(mg/l) MRSA (N0/415) 1.9/3.5, CoNS (N 0/100) 4/7.4, Enterococcus sp (N0/24) 0.9/1.4, MSSA (N0/243) 2.2/2.6.

TextSentencer_T1293

153923-154082

Sentence

denotes

All Grampositive isolates were inhibited by concentrations of linezolid below the breakpoint including eight strains of staphylococci resistant to teicoplanin.

T27556

153923-154082

Sentence

denotes

All Grampositive isolates were inhibited by concentrations of linezolid below the breakpoint including eight strains of staphylococci resistant to teicoplanin.

TextSentencer_T1294

154083-154095

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T47419

154083-154095

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1295

154096-154154

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid was highly active against Grampositive isolates.

T16438

154096-154154

Sentence

denotes

Linezolid was highly active against Grampositive isolates.

TextSentencer_T1296

154155-154218

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to teicoplanin was similar to other reported series.

T74553

154155-154218

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to teicoplanin was similar to other reported series.

TextSentencer_T1297

154219-154269

Sentence

denotes

There was no emergence of resistance to linezolid.

T85501

154219-154269

Sentence

denotes

There was no emergence of resistance to linezolid.

TextSentencer_T1298

154270-154338

Sentence

denotes

MRSA colonization is often a limiting factor for discharge from ICU.

T7443

154270-154338

Sentence

denotes

MRSA colonization is often a limiting factor for discharge from ICU.

TextSentencer_T1299

154339-154417

Sentence

denotes

Clearance of MRSA is seldom achieved with conventional glycopeptide treatment.

T24635

154339-154417

Sentence

denotes

Clearance of MRSA is seldom achieved with conventional glycopeptide treatment.

TextSentencer_T1300

154418-154569

Sentence

denotes

The oxazolidinone, linezolid, has excellent soft tissue and respiratory tract penetration and might be expected to eradicate carriage in some patients.

T26820

154418-154569

Sentence

denotes

The oxazolidinone, linezolid, has excellent soft tissue and respiratory tract penetration and might be expected to eradicate carriage in some patients.

TextSentencer_T1301

154570-154688

Sentence

denotes

We recently performed a doubleblind randomized trial in 204 ICU patients with known/suspected Gram positive infection.

T31539

154570-154688

Sentence

denotes

We recently performed a doubleblind randomized trial in 204 ICU patients with known/suspected Gram positive infection.

TextSentencer_T1302

154689-154787

Sentence

denotes

100 received intravenous linezolid, 600 mg b.d., and 104 patients received teicoplanin 400 mg o.d.

T10043

154689-154787

Sentence

denotes

100 received intravenous linezolid, 600 mg b.d., and 104 patients received teicoplanin 400 mg o.d.

TextSentencer_T1303

154788-154869

Sentence

denotes

MRSA clearance was assessed at End of Treatment (EOT), at 7-and 21days follow-up.

T20151

154788-154869

Sentence

denotes

MRSA clearance was assessed at End of Treatment (EOT), at 7-and 21days follow-up.

TextSentencer_T1304

154870-154878

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T26310

154870-154878

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1305

154879-155022

Sentence

denotes

In the linezolid and teicoplanin groups, 45 and 43 were known to be colonized with MRSA at study entry, respectively, while 39 and 40 were not.

T39928

154879-155022

Sentence

denotes

In the linezolid and teicoplanin groups, 45 and 43 were known to be colonized with MRSA at study entry, respectively, while 39 and 40 were not.

TextSentencer_T1306

155023-155217

Sentence

denotes

Detection of clearance of MRSA colonization at EOT was 51% for linezolid vs 19% for teicoplanin group (x b P B/ 0.005), at 7 days it was 35% vs 14% (x b P B/0.1), and at 21 days 19% vs 33% (ns).

T88871

155023-155217

Sentence

denotes

Detection of clearance of MRSA colonization at EOT was 51% for linezolid vs 19% for teicoplanin group (x b P B/ 0.005), at 7 days it was 35% vs 14% (x b P B/0.1), and at 21 days 19% vs 33% (ns).

TextSentencer_T1307

155218-155229

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T90622

155218-155229

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1308

155230-155437

Sentence

denotes

Short-term MRSA clearance can be achieved in significantly more patients treated with linezolid however this was not maintained at 21 days, either because of incomplete initial eradication or recolonization.

T42485

155230-155437

Sentence

denotes

Short-term MRSA clearance can be achieved in significantly more patients treated with linezolid however this was not maintained at 21 days, either because of incomplete initial eradication or recolonization.

TextSentencer_T1309

155438-155518

Sentence

denotes

Further analysis will follow when molecular typing of the isolates is completed.

T63863

155438-155518

Sentence

denotes

Further analysis will follow when molecular typing of the isolates is completed.

TextSentencer_T1310

155519-155599

Sentence

denotes

Penetration of linezolid into bone, fat and muscle during hip arthroplasty PS134

T31347

155519-155599

Sentence

denotes

Penetration of linezolid into bone, fat and muscle during hip arthroplasty PS134

TextSentencer_T1311

155600-155866

Sentence

denotes

Lovering AM, Bannister GC, Zhang J, MacGowan AP, Southmead Hospital, BCARE, Bristol, UK There are limited data describing the concentrations and penetration of linezolid (LZD) into tissues, such as bone, that can be used to guide therapy for non-vascular infections.

T32299

155600-155866

Sentence

denotes

Lovering AM, Bannister GC, Zhang J, MacGowan AP, Southmead Hospital, BCARE, Bristol, UK There are limited data describing the concentrations and penetration of linezolid (LZD) into tissues, such as bone, that can be used to guide therapy for non-vascular infections.

TextSentencer_T1312

155867-155986

Sentence

denotes

Here we report the concentrations and penetration of LZD for bone, fat and muscle in comparison with cefamandole (CMD).

T11672

155867-155986

Sentence

denotes

Here we report the concentrations and penetration of LZD for bone, fat and muscle in comparison with cefamandole (CMD).

TextSentencer_T1313

155987-156117

Sentence

denotes

Twelve patients received 600 mg LZD as a 20 min infusion and 1000 mg CMD as a bolus injection immediately before hip arthroplasty.

T54702

155987-156117

Sentence

denotes

Twelve patients received 600 mg LZD as a 20 min infusion and 1000 mg CMD as a bolus injection immediately before hip arthroplasty.

TextSentencer_T1314

156118-156246

Sentence

denotes

Bone, fat, muscle and blood samples were collected at timed intervals after the infusion and assayed by a validated HPLC method.

T23514

156118-156246

Sentence

denotes

Bone, fat, muscle and blood samples were collected at timed intervals after the infusion and assayed by a validated HPLC method.

TextSentencer_T1315

156247-156437

Sentence

denotes

For bone, peak levels of both agents occurred 10 min after administration with mean levels of LZD 9.1 mg/kg versus CMD 17.5 mg/kg, decreasing to LZD 5.7 mg/kg versus CMD 9.7 mg/kg at 30 min.

T18988

156247-156437

Sentence

denotes

For bone, peak levels of both agents occurred 10 min after administration with mean levels of LZD 9.1 mg/kg versus CMD 17.5 mg/kg, decreasing to LZD 5.7 mg/kg versus CMD 9.7 mg/kg at 30 min.

TextSentencer_T1316

156438-156564

Sentence

denotes

Correction for blood concentrations gave penetration of LZD 51% versus CMD 25% at 10 min and LZD 46% versus CMD 23% at 30 min.

T72477

156438-156564

Sentence

denotes

Correction for blood concentrations gave penetration of LZD 51% versus CMD 25% at 10 min and LZD 46% versus CMD 23% at 30 min.

TextSentencer_T1317

156565-156628

Sentence

denotes

For fat and muscle, peak levels occurred 20 min after infusion.

T24730

156565-156628

Sentence

denotes

For fat and muscle, peak levels occurred 20 min after infusion.

TextSentencer_T1318

156629-156738

Sentence

denotes

Mean levels were LZD 5.2 mg/kg versus CMD 10.9 mg/kg (fat) and LZD 13.4 mg/kg versus CMD 10.9 mg/kg (muscle).

T15498

156629-156738

Sentence

denotes

Mean levels were LZD 5.2 mg/kg versus CMD 10.9 mg/kg (fat) and LZD 13.4 mg/kg versus CMD 10.9 mg/kg (muscle).

TextSentencer_T1319

156739-156860

Sentence

denotes

Correction for blood concentrations gave penetration of LZD 37% versus CMD 19% (fat) and LZD 95% versus CMD 31% (muscle).

T83964

156739-156860

Sentence

denotes

Correction for blood concentrations gave penetration of LZD 37% versus CMD 19% (fat) and LZD 95% versus CMD 31% (muscle).

TextSentencer_T1320

156861-157138

Sentence

denotes

We conclude that linezolid exhibits rapid penetration into bone and associated soft tissues achieving levels in excess of the MIC for sensitive organisms; with a similar distribution and penetration profile to agents currently used for treatment of infections in these tissues.

T91374

156861-157138

Sentence

denotes

We conclude that linezolid exhibits rapid penetration into bone and associated soft tissues achieving levels in excess of the MIC for sensitive organisms; with a similar distribution and penetration profile to agents currently used for treatment of infections in these tissues.

TextSentencer_T1321

157139-157640

Sentence

denotes

Bacqué E a , Barrière JC a , Berthaud N b , Desmazeau P b , Dutruc-Rosset G b , Dutka-Malen S b , Ronan B b . a Aventis Pharma, Chemistry, Paris, France , b Aventis Pharma, Disease Group, Paris, France XRP2868 is a new oral streptogramin composed of 2 semi-synthetic synergistic components in a 30/70 (w/w) association: RPR202868 (5d-(1-morpholino)methyl-5d,5g-dehydro pristinamycin I E ) from PI A and RPR132552 [(16R )-16-deoxy-16-fluoro pristinamycin II B ] from PII B by original synthetic routes.

T12600

157139-157640

Sentence

denotes

Bacqué E a , Barrière JC a , Berthaud N b , Desmazeau P b , Dutruc-Rosset G b , Dutka-Malen S b , Ronan B b . a Aventis Pharma, Chemistry, Paris, France , b Aventis Pharma, Disease Group, Paris, France XRP2868 is a new oral streptogramin composed of 2 semi-synthetic synergistic components in a 30/70 (w/w) association: RPR202868 (5d-(1-morpholino)methyl-5d,5g-dehydro pristinamycin I E ) from PI A and RPR132552 [(16R )-16-deoxy-16-fluoro pristinamycin II B ] from PII B by original synthetic routes.

TextSentencer_T1322

157641-157768

Sentence

denotes

The association has antibacterial activity against staphylococci including methicillin */MLS B -resistant strains (MIC90 range:

T60006

157641-157768

Sentence

denotes

The association has antibacterial activity against staphylococci including methicillin */MLS B -resistant strains (MIC90 range:

TextSentencer_T1323

157769-157806

Sentence

denotes

0.12 */1 mg/ml), streptococci (MIC90:

T57465

157769-157806

Sentence

denotes

0.12 */1 mg/ml), streptococci (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T1324

157807-157877

Sentence

denotes

0.25 mg/ml), pneumococci including multidrug resistant strains (MIC90:

T96780

157807-157877

Sentence

denotes

0.25 mg/ml), pneumococci including multidrug resistant strains (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T1325

157878-157950

Sentence

denotes

0.50 mg/ ml), enterococci including vancomycin-resistant strains (MIC90:

T6113

157878-157950

Sentence

denotes

0.50 mg/ ml), enterococci including vancomycin-resistant strains (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T1326

157951-158003

Sentence

denotes

4 mg/ ml), M. catarrhalis and Neisseria spp. (MIC90:

T64606

157951-158003

Sentence

denotes

4 mg/ ml), M. catarrhalis and Neisseria spp. (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T1327

158004-158038

Sentence

denotes

0.12 mg/ml), H. influenzae (MIC90:

T26185

158004-158038

Sentence

denotes

0.12 mg/ml), H. influenzae (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T1328

158039-158072

Sentence

denotes

1 mg/ml), Legionella spp. (MIC90:

T60367

158039-158072

Sentence

denotes

1 mg/ml), Legionella spp. (MIC90:

TextSentencer_T1329

158073-158110

Sentence

denotes

0.06 mg/ml) and anaerobes (MIC range:

T49396

158073-158110

Sentence

denotes

0.06 mg/ml) and anaerobes (MIC range:

TextSentencer_T1330

158111-158127

Sentence

denotes

0.06 Á/4 mg/ml).

T73275

158111-158127

Sentence

denotes

0.06 Á/4 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T1331

158128-158351

Sentence

denotes

XRP2868 is generally bactericidal at the concentration of 2 Á/4)/the MIC against S. aureus , S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae and demonstrates consequent PAE (2.1 Á/ !/5.7 h at 2 Á/4)/MIC, following an exposure of 0.25 Á/2 h).

T9818

158128-158351

Sentence

denotes

XRP2868 is generally bactericidal at the concentration of 2 Á/4)/the MIC against S. aureus , S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae and demonstrates consequent PAE (2.1 Á/ !/5.7 h at 2 Á/4)/MIC, following an exposure of 0.25 Á/2 h).

TextSentencer_T1332

158352-158508

Sentence

denotes

Mutants of S. aureus to XRP2868 were isolated at low frequencies (3.6)/ 10 (9 Á/9.7)/10 (10 ) at 2)/ and 4)/MIC while no mutant could be isolated at 8)/MIC.

T79343

158352-158508

Sentence

denotes

Mutants of S. aureus to XRP2868 were isolated at low frequencies (3.6)/ 10 (9 Á/9.7)/10 (10 ) at 2)/ and 4)/MIC while no mutant could be isolated at 8)/MIC.

TextSentencer_T1333

158509-158631

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest that XRP2868 (30/70 w/w) is a promising compound for the treatment of community-acquired infections.

T20210

158509-158631

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest that XRP2868 (30/70 w/w) is a promising compound for the treatment of community-acquired infections.

TextSentencer_T1334

158632-158737

Sentence

denotes

Ex vivo evaluation of RPR202868/RPR132552 (XRP2868), a new oral streptogramin PS136 Berthaud N, Diallo N.

T86532

158632-158737

Sentence

denotes

Ex vivo evaluation of RPR202868/RPR132552 (XRP2868), a new oral streptogramin PS136 Berthaud N, Diallo N.

TextSentencer_T1335

158738-158796

Sentence

denotes

Aventis Pharma SA, Infectious Disease Group, Paris, France

T59007

158738-158796

Sentence

denotes

Aventis Pharma SA, Infectious Disease Group, Paris, France

TextSentencer_T1336

158797-158966

Sentence

denotes

The intra cellular activity of XRP2868, was assessed in J774 murine macrophages containing ingested Staphylococcus aureus (three strains) or L. pneumophila (one strain).

T59390

158797-158966

Sentence

denotes

The intra cellular activity of XRP2868, was assessed in J774 murine macrophages containing ingested Staphylococcus aureus (three strains) or L. pneumophila (one strain).

TextSentencer_T1337

158967-159170

Sentence

denotes

At the concentration of 8 )/ the MIC, growth of S. aureus was strongly inhibited after a 3-h period of incubation (D log 10 cfu/ml vs T 0 controls range: (/2.16 Á/(/1.24, according to the strain tested).

T28754

158967-159170

Sentence

denotes

At the concentration of 8 )/ the MIC, growth of S. aureus was strongly inhibited after a 3-h period of incubation (D log 10 cfu/ml vs T 0 controls range: (/2.16 Á/(/1.24, according to the strain tested).

TextSentencer_T1338

159171-159386

Sentence

denotes

At the concentration of 8)/ the MIC, growth of intracellular L. pneumophila was inhibited after a 48 Á/ 72-h period of incubation (D log 10 cfu/ml vs T controls about (/1.30 and (/1.48 at 48 and 72 h, respectively).

T7619

159171-159386

Sentence

denotes

At the concentration of 8)/ the MIC, growth of intracellular L. pneumophila was inhibited after a 48 Á/ 72-h period of incubation (D log 10 cfu/ml vs T controls about (/1.30 and (/1.48 at 48 and 72 h, respectively).

TextSentencer_T1339

159387-159561

Sentence

denotes

RPR202868 and RPR132552 alone had also inhibiting effect on bacterial growth (D log 10 cfu/ml vs T 0 controls after 72 h of incubation about (/1.54 and (/0.87, respectively).

T30623

159387-159561

Sentence

denotes

RPR202868 and RPR132552 alone had also inhibiting effect on bacterial growth (D log 10 cfu/ml vs T 0 controls after 72 h of incubation about (/1.54 and (/0.87, respectively).

TextSentencer_T1340

159562-159843

Sentence

denotes

The bactericidal activity of XRP2868 was also assessed against slowly growing S. aureus , under experimental conditions mimicking those observed in patients with an infected indwelling device (first step of infection: adherence to inert support; declared infection: biofilm model).

T88278

159562-159843

Sentence

denotes

The bactericidal activity of XRP2868 was also assessed against slowly growing S. aureus , under experimental conditions mimicking those observed in patients with an infected indwelling device (first step of infection: adherence to inert support; declared infection: biofilm model).

TextSentencer_T1341

159844-160009

Sentence

denotes

Under the experimental conditions, XRP2868 demonstrated a rapid and potent bactericidal effect against S. aureus adherent to an inert support or included in biofilm.

T70134

159844-160009

Sentence

denotes

Under the experimental conditions, XRP2868 demonstrated a rapid and potent bactericidal effect against S. aureus adherent to an inert support or included in biofilm.

TextSentencer_T1342

160010-160129

Sentence

denotes

This effect was observed at each of the three concentrations tested (5, 10, 50 and 8, 100 and 200)/ MIC, respectively).

T52133

160010-160129

Sentence

denotes

This effect was observed at each of the three concentrations tested (5, 10, 50 and 8, 100 and 200)/ MIC, respectively).

TextSentencer_T1343

160130-160213

Sentence

denotes

In vivo evaluation of XRP2868 (RPR202868/RPR132552), a new oral streptogramin PS137

T20397

160130-160213

Sentence

denotes

In vivo evaluation of XRP2868 (RPR202868/RPR132552), a new oral streptogramin PS137

TextSentencer_T1344

160214-160292

Sentence

denotes

Berthaud N, Huet Y, Aventis Pharma SA, Infectious Disease Group, Paris, France

T96045

160214-160292

Sentence

denotes

Berthaud N, Huet Y, Aventis Pharma SA, Infectious Disease Group, Paris, France

TextSentencer_T1345

160293-160389

Sentence

denotes

The oral efficacy of XRP2868, was assessed in Staphylococcus and pneumococcal murine infections.

T72789

160293-160389

Sentence

denotes

The oral efficacy of XRP2868, was assessed in Staphylococcus and pneumococcal murine infections.

TextSentencer_T1346

160390-160446

Sentence

denotes

Mice were challenged ip ( )/10, and )/100 times LD 50 ).

T79083

160390-160446

Sentence

denotes

Mice were challenged ip ( )/10, and )/100 times LD 50 ).

TextSentencer_T1347

160447-160553

Sentence

denotes

Abscesses were established by intramuscular injection of about 10 7 bacteria into the right thigh of mice.

T26277

160447-160553

Sentence

denotes

Abscesses were established by intramuscular injection of about 10 7 bacteria into the right thigh of mice.

TextSentencer_T1348

160554-160627

Sentence

denotes

Pneumonia was established by intranasal injection of about 10 7 bacteria.

T3822

160554-160627

Sentence

denotes

Pneumonia was established by intranasal injection of about 10 7 bacteria.

TextSentencer_T1349

160628-160783

Sentence

denotes

Mice were treated twice a day for 1 (Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia and abscesses), 2 (S. pneunomoniae septicaemia) or 3 days (S. pneumoniae pneumonia).

T24020

160628-160783

Sentence

denotes

Mice were treated twice a day for 1 (Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia and abscesses), 2 (S. pneunomoniae septicaemia) or 3 days (S. pneumoniae pneumonia).

TextSentencer_T1350

160784-161043

Sentence

denotes

Six to 15 days post infection, for septicaemia and abscesses the results were expressed as ED 50 , whereas for pneumonia they were expressed as the dose yielding an average survival time (AST) significantly longer than that of the untreated infected controls.

T81244

160784-161043

Sentence

denotes

Six to 15 days post infection, for septicaemia and abscesses the results were expressed as ED 50 , whereas for pneumonia they were expressed as the dose yielding an average survival time (AST) significantly longer than that of the untreated infected controls.

TextSentencer_T1351

161044-161200

Sentence

denotes

XRP2868 was efficacious in the treatment of experimental infections in mice caused by MLS B -sensitive and -constitutively resistant S. aureus (ED 50 range:

T92177

161044-161200

Sentence

denotes

XRP2868 was efficacious in the treatment of experimental infections in mice caused by MLS B -sensitive and -constitutively resistant S. aureus (ED 50 range:

TextSentencer_T1352

161201-161291

Sentence

denotes

20 Á/44 and 24 Á/60 mg/kg/administration in septicaemia and abscess models, respectively).

T53887

161201-161291

Sentence

denotes

20 Á/44 and 24 Á/60 mg/kg/administration in septicaemia and abscess models, respectively).

TextSentencer_T1353

161292-161455

Sentence

denotes

It was also efficacious in the treatment of infections caused by S. pneumoniae whatever the serotype and the resistance profile of the strains tested (ED 50 range:

T22635

161292-161455

Sentence

denotes

It was also efficacious in the treatment of infections caused by S. pneumoniae whatever the serotype and the resistance profile of the strains tested (ED 50 range:

TextSentencer_T1354

161456-161506

Sentence

denotes

28 Á/55 mg/ kg/administration in septicaemia, AST:

T3922

161456-161506

Sentence

denotes

28 Á/55 mg/ kg/administration in septicaemia, AST:

TextSentencer_T1355

161507-161532

Sentence

denotes

50 mg/kg/administration).

T81963

161507-161532

Sentence

denotes

50 mg/kg/administration).

TextSentencer_T1356

161533-161670

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest that XRP2868 might be effective for the treatment of staphylococcal and pneumococcal community-acquired infections.

T35762

161533-161670

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest that XRP2868 might be effective for the treatment of staphylococcal and pneumococcal community-acquired infections.

TextSentencer_T1357

161671-161861

Sentence

denotes

XRP2868 (RPR202868/RPR132552), a new oral streptogramin: bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics in a model of Streptococcus pneumoniae mouse pneumonia PS138 Berthaud N, Huet Y, Diallo N.

T87859

161671-161861

Sentence

denotes

XRP2868 (RPR202868/RPR132552), a new oral streptogramin: bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics in a model of Streptococcus pneumoniae mouse pneumonia PS138 Berthaud N, Huet Y, Diallo N.

TextSentencer_T1358

161862-161920

Sentence

denotes

Aventis Pharma SA, Infectious Disease Group, Paris, France

T21056

161862-161920

Sentence

denotes

Aventis Pharma SA, Infectious Disease Group, Paris, France

TextSentencer_T1359

161921-162229

Sentence

denotes

The bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae of XRP2868, a new oral streptogramin composed of two semi-synthetic synergistic components in a 30/70 (w/w) association (RPR202868, pristinamycin I derivative and RPR132552, pristinamycin II derivative), was assessed in lungs of mice with pneumonia.

T12358

161921-162229

Sentence

denotes

The bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae of XRP2868, a new oral streptogramin composed of two semi-synthetic synergistic components in a 30/70 (w/w) association (RPR202868, pristinamycin I derivative and RPR132552, pristinamycin II derivative), was assessed in lungs of mice with pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T1360

162230-162319

Sentence

denotes

Mice were inoculated intranasally with about 10 7 cfu of strain 6254-01 (MLS Bresistant).

T21561

162230-162319

Sentence

denotes

Mice were inoculated intranasally with about 10 7 cfu of strain 6254-01 (MLS Bresistant).

TextSentencer_T1361

162320-162390

Sentence

denotes

Eighteen hours later (T 0 ), animals received XRP2868 (120 mg/kg p.o).

T24932

162320-162390

Sentence

denotes

Eighteen hours later (T 0 ), animals received XRP2868 (120 mg/kg p.o).

TextSentencer_T1362

162391-162457

Sentence

denotes

The administration was repeated 6, 24, 30, 48 and 54 h afterwards.

T17815

162391-162457

Sentence

denotes

The administration was repeated 6, 24, 30, 48 and 54 h afterwards.

TextSentencer_T1363

162458-162679

Sentence

denotes

To study the influence of varying the ratio of PI to PII component administered on activity and PK parameters, ratios of RPR202868 to RPR132552 ranging from 0/100 to 100/0 were also administered under the same conditions.

T36498

162458-162679

Sentence

denotes

To study the influence of varying the ratio of PI to PII component administered on activity and PK parameters, ratios of RPR202868 to RPR132552 ranging from 0/100 to 100/0 were also administered under the same conditions.

TextSentencer_T1364

162680-162874

Sentence

denotes

After an oral unitary administration at 120 mg/kg, XRP2868, as well as ratios of RPR202868 to RPR132552 ranging from 50/50 to 90/10, demonstrated strong and quick bactericidal activity in lungs.

T48870

162680-162874

Sentence

denotes

After an oral unitary administration at 120 mg/kg, XRP2868, as well as ratios of RPR202868 to RPR132552 ranging from 50/50 to 90/10, demonstrated strong and quick bactericidal activity in lungs.

TextSentencer_T1365

162875-162973

Sentence

denotes

Lung levels of RPR202868 and RPR132552 were generally equal or two times higher than blood levels.

T88545

162875-162973

Sentence

denotes

Lung levels of RPR202868 and RPR132552 were generally equal or two times higher than blood levels.

TextSentencer_T1366

162974-163190

Sentence

denotes

Resulting RPR202868/RPR132552 ratios in blood and lung, although not in accordance with the initial ratio administered, were synergistic for 3 Á/4 h in blood and for 1 Á/3 h in lungs explaining the activity observed.

T14764

162974-163190

Sentence

denotes

Resulting RPR202868/RPR132552 ratios in blood and lung, although not in accordance with the initial ratio administered, were synergistic for 3 Á/4 h in blood and for 1 Á/3 h in lungs explaining the activity observed.

TextSentencer_T1367

163191-163202

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T70999

163191-163202

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1368

163203-163286

Sentence

denotes

Based on in vitro data, telithromycin is a good candidate for the treatment of RTI.

T94986

163203-163286

Sentence

denotes

Based on in vitro data, telithromycin is a good candidate for the treatment of RTI.

TextSentencer_T1369

163287-163485

Sentence

denotes

In vitro evaluation of abt-773, telithromycin and azithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae , Moraxella catarrhalis , Haemophilis influenzae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PS140

T33494

163287-163485

Sentence

denotes

In vitro evaluation of abt-773, telithromycin and azithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae , Moraxella catarrhalis , Haemophilis influenzae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PS140

TextSentencer_T1370

163486-163549

Sentence

denotes

Steele-Moore L, Berg D, Barnes I, Couch K, Klein J, Holloway W.

T59501

163486-163549

Sentence

denotes

Steele-Moore L, Berg D, Barnes I, Couch K, Klein J, Holloway W.

TextSentencer_T1371

163550-163747

Sentence

denotes

Christiana Care, Infectious Disease, Wilmington, US Macrolide resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a worldwide concern predominantly because these isolates tend to be multiply drug resistant.

T44479

163550-163747

Sentence

denotes

Christiana Care, Infectious Disease, Wilmington, US Macrolide resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a worldwide concern predominantly because these isolates tend to be multiply drug resistant.

TextSentencer_T1372

163748-163832

Sentence

denotes

New agents with increased activity against these pathogens are clinically important.

T72072

163748-163832

Sentence

denotes

New agents with increased activity against these pathogens are clinically important.

TextSentencer_T1373

163833-163968

Sentence

denotes

The ketolide class of antimicrobial agents demonstrate excellent in vitro activity against SP, even those that are macrolide resistant.

T93025

163833-163968

Sentence

denotes

The ketolide class of antimicrobial agents demonstrate excellent in vitro activity against SP, even those that are macrolide resistant.

TextSentencer_T1374

163969-164183

Sentence

denotes

The in vitro activities of the ketolides ABT-773 (A) and telithromycin (T) were compared to azithromycin (AZ) against clinical isolates of SP, Moraxella catarrhalis (M.cat), Haemophilis influenzae (H.flu) and MRSA.

T72086

163969-164183

Sentence

denotes

The in vitro activities of the ketolides ABT-773 (A) and telithromycin (T) were compared to azithromycin (AZ) against clinical isolates of SP, Moraxella catarrhalis (M.cat), Haemophilis influenzae (H.flu) and MRSA.

TextSentencer_T1375

164184-164201

Sentence

denotes

Organisms tested:

T15577

164184-164201

Sentence

denotes

Organisms tested:

TextSentencer_T1376

164202-164279

Sentence

denotes

51 strains of SP (including 14 AZ resistant), 25 H.flu, 25 MRSA and 10 M.cat.

T75629

164202-164279

Sentence

denotes

51 strains of SP (including 14 AZ resistant), 25 H.flu, 25 MRSA and 10 M.cat.

TextSentencer_T1377

164280-164531

Sentence

denotes

Microdilution MIC tests were performed following NCCLS recommendations using freshly prepared plates containing Haemophilis Test Medium for H.flu, cation adjusted Mueller-Hinton Broth (CAMHB) with laked horse blood for SP and CAMHB for M.cat and MRSA.

T56860

164280-164531

Sentence

denotes

Microdilution MIC tests were performed following NCCLS recommendations using freshly prepared plates containing Haemophilis Test Medium for H.flu, cation adjusted Mueller-Hinton Broth (CAMHB) with laked horse blood for SP and CAMHB for M.cat and MRSA.

TextSentencer_T1378

164532-164669

Sentence

denotes

The new ketolides, A and T had superior activity against SP including the AZ resistant strains (MIC90s: A0/0.12 mcg/ml, T 0/0.25, AZ0/4).

T58670

164532-164669

Sentence

denotes

The new ketolides, A and T had superior activity against SP including the AZ resistant strains (MIC90s: A0/0.12 mcg/ml, T 0/0.25, AZ0/4).

TextSentencer_T1379

164670-164767

Sentence

denotes

All compounds had excellent activity against M.cat while none demonstrated activity against MRSA.

T56174

164670-164767

Sentence

denotes

All compounds had excellent activity against M.cat while none demonstrated activity against MRSA.

TextSentencer_T1380

164768-164816

Sentence

denotes

H.flu activity was comparable among A, T and AZ.

T42153

164768-164816

Sentence

denotes

H.flu activity was comparable among A, T and AZ.

TextSentencer_T1381

164817-164914

Sentence

denotes

These new ketolides are not currently approved by the FDA; however T has been approved in Europe.

T63008

164817-164914

Sentence

denotes

These new ketolides are not currently approved by the FDA; however T has been approved in Europe.

TextSentencer_T1382

164915-164970

Sentence

denotes

Ló pez H, Vidal GI, Salomó n JM, Scaglione M, Zitto TR.

T66767

164915-164970

Sentence

denotes

Ló pez H, Vidal GI, Salomó n JM, Scaglione M, Zitto TR.

TextSentencer_T1383

164971-165050

Sentence

denotes

Centro de Infectología, Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina Objective:

T93012

164971-165050

Sentence

denotes

Centro de Infectología, Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina Objective:

TextSentencer_T1384

165051-165246

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated the impact of the initial treatment failure rate, hospitalisation and costs in outpatient treatment of adult CAP in Argentina comparing amoxicillin, clarithromycin and telithromycin.

T54771

165051-165246

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated the impact of the initial treatment failure rate, hospitalisation and costs in outpatient treatment of adult CAP in Argentina comparing amoxicillin, clarithromycin and telithromycin.

TextSentencer_T1385

165247-165254

Sentence

denotes

Method:

T26897

165247-165254

Sentence

denotes

Method:

TextSentencer_T1386

165255-165324

Sentence

denotes

A probabilistic model was implemented in outpatient treatment of CAP.

T68282

165255-165324

Sentence

denotes

A probabilistic model was implemented in outpatient treatment of CAP.

TextSentencer_T1387

165325-165409

Sentence

denotes

We estimated an initial treatment with amoxicillin, clarithromycin or telithromycin.

T90658

165325-165409

Sentence

denotes

We estimated an initial treatment with amoxicillin, clarithromycin or telithromycin.

TextSentencer_T1388

165410-165482

Sentence

denotes

We assumed expected clinical cure at 90.1, 88.5 and 94.6%, respectively.

T48686

165410-165482

Sentence

denotes

We assumed expected clinical cure at 90.1, 88.5 and 94.6%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1389

165483-165677

Sentence

denotes

For those patients with failure treatment we evaluated a second-line of antibiotics (amoxicillin followed by clarithromycin and clarithromycin followed by new fluorquinolone) or hospitalisation.

T8124

165483-165677

Sentence

denotes

For those patients with failure treatment we evaluated a second-line of antibiotics (amoxicillin followed by clarithromycin and clarithromycin followed by new fluorquinolone) or hospitalisation.

TextSentencer_T1390

165678-165795

Sentence

denotes

Patients with telithromycin and failure treatment must be hospitalised without a second line of outpatient treatment.

T17753

165678-165795

Sentence

denotes

Patients with telithromycin and failure treatment must be hospitalised without a second line of outpatient treatment.

TextSentencer_T1391

165796-165909

Sentence

denotes

Costs of CAP included drug's costs by 10 days, medical visits, chest radiographies, analysis and hospitalisation.

T45823

165796-165909

Sentence

denotes

Costs of CAP included drug's costs by 10 days, medical visits, chest radiographies, analysis and hospitalisation.

TextSentencer_T1392

165910-165918

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T68893

165910-165918

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1393

165919-166077

Sentence

denotes

We estimated treatments in 100 patients and first-line drug failure in 10, 11 and 5 patients with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and telithromycin, respectively.

T53617

165919-166077

Sentence

denotes

We estimated treatments in 100 patients and first-line drug failure in 10, 11 and 5 patients with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and telithromycin, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1394

166078-166325

Sentence

denotes

Costs in outpatient treatment were: hospitalisation $12,224 and $13,489.4; second-line drug $1039 and $1045; second-line hospitalised $1320.4 and $1232 with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, respectively and hospitalisation with telithromycin $6137.

T76221

166078-166325

Sentence

denotes

Costs in outpatient treatment were: hospitalisation $12,224 and $13,489.4; second-line drug $1039 and $1045; second-line hospitalised $1320.4 and $1232 with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, respectively and hospitalisation with telithromycin $6137.

TextSentencer_T1395

166326-166338

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T98646

166326-166338

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1396

166339-166417

Sentence

denotes

Telithromycin showed lower clinical failure, hospitalisation and costs in CAP.

T55511

166339-166417

Sentence

denotes

Telithromycin showed lower clinical failure, hospitalisation and costs in CAP.

TextSentencer_T1397

166418-166550

Sentence

denotes

Some studies suggest shortening CAP telithromycin treatment to 7 days helping adherence to treatment and decreasing costs even more.

T14384

166418-166550

Sentence

denotes

Some studies suggest shortening CAP telithromycin treatment to 7 days helping adherence to treatment and decreasing costs even more.

TextSentencer_T1398

166551-166660

Sentence

denotes

The new macrolides */a good alternative of tetracycline in the treatment of Mediterranean Spotted Fever PS142

T6344

166551-166660

Sentence

denotes

The new macrolides */a good alternative of tetracycline in the treatment of Mediterranean Spotted Fever PS142

TextSentencer_T1399

166661-166993

Sentence

denotes

Popivanova NIP a , Petrov AIP a , Boykinova OBB a , Kazakova ZKK a , Baltadjiev AGB b . a Medical University, Infectious Disease, Plovdiv, Bulgaria , b Department of Anatomy, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) caused by Rickettsia conorii appears an endemic disease for some regions in Bulgaria.

T35538

166661-166993

Sentence

denotes

Popivanova NIP a , Petrov AIP a , Boykinova OBB a , Kazakova ZKK a , Baltadjiev AGB b . a Medical University, Infectious Disease, Plovdiv, Bulgaria , b Department of Anatomy, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) caused by Rickettsia conorii appears an endemic disease for some regions in Bulgaria.

TextSentencer_T1400

166994-167065

Sentence

denotes

Frequently the disease has a severe course with multiple organ lesions.

T71106

166994-167065

Sentence

denotes

Frequently the disease has a severe course with multiple organ lesions.

TextSentencer_T1401

167066-167155

Sentence

denotes

The early and adequate treatment is of extreme importance for the outcome of the disease.

T8208

167066-167155

Sentence

denotes

The early and adequate treatment is of extreme importance for the outcome of the disease.

TextSentencer_T1402

167156-167343

Sentence

denotes

Searching an alternative antibiotic treatment of this disease we considered macrolides for their good cell and tissue penetration and dose-dependent bacteriostatic and bactericide effect.

T40848

167156-167343

Sentence

denotes

Searching an alternative antibiotic treatment of this disease we considered macrolides for their good cell and tissue penetration and dose-dependent bacteriostatic and bactericide effect.

TextSentencer_T1403

167344-167541

Sentence

denotes

We treated 27 MSF patients with doxycycline 2)/100 mg/day, 25 patients with clarithromycin 2)/250 mg/day, as well as 25 patients with midecamycin 2)/400 mg/day and midecamycin acetate 30 mg/kg/day.

T58025

167344-167541

Sentence

denotes

We treated 27 MSF patients with doxycycline 2)/100 mg/day, 25 patients with clarithromycin 2)/250 mg/day, as well as 25 patients with midecamycin 2)/400 mg/day and midecamycin acetate 30 mg/kg/day.

TextSentencer_T1404

167542-167633

Sentence

denotes

As a surrogate marker for treatment evaluation the effect on the febrile syndrome was used.

T63319

167542-167633

Sentence

denotes

As a surrogate marker for treatment evaluation the effect on the febrile syndrome was used.

TextSentencer_T1405

167634-167822

Sentence

denotes

Our findings showed that by the 5th day of treatment the fever normalized in 89.47, 88.24 and 76.47% of the patients treated with doxycycline, clarithromycin and midecamycin, respectively.

T70111

167634-167822

Sentence

denotes

Our findings showed that by the 5th day of treatment the fever normalized in 89.47, 88.24 and 76.47% of the patients treated with doxycycline, clarithromycin and midecamycin, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1406

167823-167920

Sentence

denotes

For the same period the patient fever decreased below 38 8C in 100, 100 and 94.12%, respectively.

T869

167823-167920

Sentence

denotes

For the same period the patient fever decreased below 38 8C in 100, 100 and 94.12%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1407

167921-168018

Sentence

denotes

The intoxication symptoms were influenced within the same period equally in all treated patients.

T30605

167921-168018

Sentence

denotes

The intoxication symptoms were influenced within the same period equally in all treated patients.

TextSentencer_T1408

168019-168031

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T91766

168019-168031

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1409

168032-168130

Sentence

denotes

We suggest that the new macrolides appear a good alternative of tetracycline on patients with MSF.

T30308

168032-168130

Sentence

denotes

We suggest that the new macrolides appear a good alternative of tetracycline on patients with MSF.

TextSentencer_T1410

168131-168186

Sentence

denotes

Erythromycin resistance of Gram /'// cocci in Bulgaria.

T56611

168131-168186

Sentence

denotes

Erythromycin resistance of Gram /'// cocci in Bulgaria.

TextSentencer_T1411

168187-168266

Sentence

denotes

Benefits of the new macrolides in the treatment of respiratory infections PS143

T29748

168187-168266

Sentence

denotes

Benefits of the new macrolides in the treatment of respiratory infections PS143

TextSentencer_T1412

168267-168514

Sentence

denotes

Popivanova NI a , Yovtchev IP b , Dobreva MD c , Argirova TA c . a Medical University, Infectious Disease, Plovdiv, Bulgaria , b Medical University, Ear-Nose-Throat Disease, Plovdiv, Bulgaria , c Medical University, Microbiology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

T44273

168267-168514

Sentence

denotes

Popivanova NI a , Yovtchev IP b , Dobreva MD c , Argirova TA c . a Medical University, Infectious Disease, Plovdiv, Bulgaria , b Medical University, Ear-Nose-Throat Disease, Plovdiv, Bulgaria , c Medical University, Microbiology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

TextSentencer_T1413

168515-168849

Sentence

denotes

In the recent 2 years we tested Erythromycin sensitivity of 474 species of Gram /'// cocci isolated from throat and nose secretions, ear and eye effusions, sputa, cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures, vaginal and urethral secretions, urine and fecal samples from patients with inflammatory diseases of the listed organs and systems.

T52564

168515-168849

Sentence

denotes

In the recent 2 years we tested Erythromycin sensitivity of 474 species of Gram /'// cocci isolated from throat and nose secretions, ear and eye effusions, sputa, cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures, vaginal and urethral secretions, urine and fecal samples from patients with inflammatory diseases of the listed organs and systems.

TextSentencer_T1414

168850-168963

Sentence

denotes

Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus coagulase /(//, Streptococcus â-haemolyticus , Enterococcus were isolated.

T70961

168850-168963

Sentence

denotes

Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus coagulase /(//, Streptococcus â-haemolyticus , Enterococcus were isolated.

TextSentencer_T1415

168964-169020

Sentence

denotes

Of these microorganisms S. aureus was the most abundant.

T48129

168964-169020

Sentence

denotes

Of these microorganisms S. aureus was the most abundant.

TextSentencer_T1416

169021-169184

Sentence

denotes

Our resistograms revealed sensitivity of the Gram /'// cocci in 76.97 and 68.60% for 2000 and 2001, respectively, and resistance of 23.03 and 31.40%, respectively.

T57210

169021-169184

Sentence

denotes

Our resistograms revealed sensitivity of the Gram /'// cocci in 76.97 and 68.60% for 2000 and 2001, respectively, and resistance of 23.03 and 31.40%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1417

169185-169316

Sentence

denotes

In the tests with Midecamycin and Midecamycin acetat the same microorganisms showed sensitivity of 85.38% and resistance of 14.62%.

T45767

169185-169316

Sentence

denotes

In the tests with Midecamycin and Midecamycin acetat the same microorganisms showed sensitivity of 85.38% and resistance of 14.62%.

TextSentencer_T1418

169317-169438

Sentence

denotes

The clinical findings showed excellent effect of the new macrolides including Clarithromycin and azalides */Azithromycin.

T32605

169317-169438

Sentence

denotes

The clinical findings showed excellent effect of the new macrolides including Clarithromycin and azalides */Azithromycin.

TextSentencer_T1419

169439-169586

Sentence

denotes

We conclude the resistance of Gram /'// cocci and especially of S. aureus to Erythromycin increases very quickly and has reached dramatical extent.

T63052

169439-169586

Sentence

denotes

We conclude the resistance of Gram /'// cocci and especially of S. aureus to Erythromycin increases very quickly and has reached dramatical extent.

TextSentencer_T1420

169587-169714

Sentence

denotes

By now, the new 14, 15, and 16-membered ring macrolides and azalides show high antibacterial activity and good clinical effect.

T89341

169587-169714

Sentence

denotes

By now, the new 14, 15, and 16-membered ring macrolides and azalides show high antibacterial activity and good clinical effect.

TextSentencer_T1421

169715-169772

Sentence

denotes

Pappas GA, Liberopoulos E, Tsiara S, Elisaf M, Tsianos E.

T56349

169715-169772

Sentence

denotes

Pappas GA, Liberopoulos E, Tsiara S, Elisaf M, Tsianos E.

TextSentencer_T1422

169773-169829

Sentence

denotes

University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece

T40823

169773-169829

Sentence

denotes

University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece

TextSentencer_T1423

169830-170052

Sentence

denotes

Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) is a novel injectable streptogramin antibiotic which initiation in therapeutics was hailed as an important step towards treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) species.

T9364

169830-170052

Sentence

denotes

Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) is a novel injectable streptogramin antibiotic which initiation in therapeutics was hailed as an important step towards treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) species.

TextSentencer_T1424

170053-170119

Sentence

denotes

Initial reports concluded in an excellent response of VREF to Q/D.

T41424

170053-170119

Sentence

denotes

Initial reports concluded in an excellent response of VREF to Q/D.

TextSentencer_T1425

170120-170204

Sentence

denotes

Reports of Q/D-resistant strains of E. faecium have emerged, both in USA and Europe.

T83536

170120-170204

Sentence

denotes

Reports of Q/D-resistant strains of E. faecium have emerged, both in USA and Europe.

TextSentencer_T1426

170205-170308

Sentence

denotes

We report two cases of E. faecium bacteremia in which the responsible isolate was not sensitive to Q/D.

T91101

170205-170308

Sentence

denotes

We report two cases of E. faecium bacteremia in which the responsible isolate was not sensitive to Q/D.

TextSentencer_T1427

170309-170374

Sentence

denotes

The first patient was a woman with acute leukemia and septicemia.

T63402

170309-170374

Sentence

denotes

The first patient was a woman with acute leukemia and septicemia.

TextSentencer_T1428

170375-170567

Sentence

denotes

E. faecium was cultured from blood samples: the species was resistant to almost all antibiotics, exhibiting sensitivity only to tetracycline (!), while its sensitivity to Q/D was indermediate.

T95440

170375-170567

Sentence

denotes

E. faecium was cultured from blood samples: the species was resistant to almost all antibiotics, exhibiting sensitivity only to tetracycline (!), while its sensitivity to Q/D was indermediate.

TextSentencer_T1429

170568-170783

Sentence

denotes

The second patient was a man with endocarditis, in whom blood cultures isolated E. faecium sensitive to a number of antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin and vancomycin; still the sensitivity to Q/D was indermediate.

T19667

170568-170783

Sentence

denotes

The second patient was a man with endocarditis, in whom blood cultures isolated E. faecium sensitive to a number of antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin and vancomycin; still the sensitivity to Q/D was indermediate.

TextSentencer_T1430

170784-170867

Sentence

denotes

Q/D has not been officially introduced to the antibiotic arsenal of Greek medicine.

T85749

170784-170867

Sentence

denotes

Q/D has not been officially introduced to the antibiotic arsenal of Greek medicine.

TextSentencer_T1431

170868-170948

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, the drug has never been used in our hospital, not even experimentally.

T60767

170868-170948

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, the drug has never been used in our hospital, not even experimentally.

TextSentencer_T1432

170949-171026

Sentence

denotes

Other E. faecium species isolated in our hospital have been sensitive to Q/D.

T90158

170949-171026

Sentence

denotes

Other E. faecium species isolated in our hospital have been sensitive to Q/D.

TextSentencer_T1433

171027-171116

Sentence

denotes

How much hope can be put on a drug that seems to be partly useless before its initiation?

T85952

171027-171116

Sentence

denotes

How much hope can be put on a drug that seems to be partly useless before its initiation?

TextSentencer_T1434

171117-171261

Sentence

denotes

Increasing reports of V/ Q-resistant strains of E. faecium from all over Europe raises fears that the V/D story might well end before it begins.

T87092

171117-171261

Sentence

denotes

Increasing reports of V/ Q-resistant strains of E. faecium from all over Europe raises fears that the V/D story might well end before it begins.

TextSentencer_T1435

171262-171515

Sentence

denotes

Varadinova T a , Diakov T a , Karagiozova D a , Genova P a , Pardon P b , Baudry C b , Quideau S b . a Sofia University, Virology, Sofia, Bulgaria , b et Institut du Pin, Centre de Recherche en Chimie Moleculaire, Universite Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France

T4998

171262-171515

Sentence

denotes

Varadinova T a , Diakov T a , Karagiozova D a , Genova P a , Pardon P b , Baudry C b , Quideau S b . a Sofia University, Virology, Sofia, Bulgaria , b et Institut du Pin, Centre de Recherche en Chimie Moleculaire, Universite Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France

TextSentencer_T1436

171516-171579

Sentence

denotes

Vegetable tannins posses a wide range of biological activities.

T82140

171516-171579

Sentence

denotes

Vegetable tannins posses a wide range of biological activities.

TextSentencer_T1437

171580-171696

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of five purified vegetable tannins against MDBK cells.

T77447

171580-171696

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of five purified vegetable tannins against MDBK cells.

TextSentencer_T1438

171697-171865

Sentence

denotes

The maximal nontoxic concentrations (MNC) and the concentrations required to inhibit cell growth by 50% (CC 50 ) were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h periods of action.

T67289

171697-171865

Sentence

denotes

The maximal nontoxic concentrations (MNC) and the concentrations required to inhibit cell growth by 50% (CC 50 ) were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h periods of action.

TextSentencer_T1439

171866-171992

Sentence

denotes

MNC values after 48 h indicated that compounds stimulated cell surveillance when applied in concentrations lower than 0.01 mM.

T47880

171866-171992

Sentence

denotes

MNC values after 48 h indicated that compounds stimulated cell surveillance when applied in concentrations lower than 0.01 mM.

TextSentencer_T1440

171993-172300

Sentence

denotes

CC 50 values indicated: (i) a decrease in cytotoxicity after 48 h as CC 50 were up to 70 times lower than those observed after the 24 h period, and (ii) a re-increase in cytotoxicity when the period of action was prolonged up to 72 h as CC 50 were 2500 times lower than those observed after the 48 h period.

T35574

171993-172300

Sentence

denotes

CC 50 values indicated: (i) a decrease in cytotoxicity after 48 h as CC 50 were up to 70 times lower than those observed after the 24 h period, and (ii) a re-increase in cytotoxicity when the period of action was prolonged up to 72 h as CC 50 were 2500 times lower than those observed after the 48 h period.

TextSentencer_T1441

172301-172457

Sentence

denotes

These data thus appear to reveal the capability of the investigated natural polyphenolic products to stimulate cell surveillance in a time-dependent manner.

T66103

172301-172457

Sentence

denotes

These data thus appear to reveal the capability of the investigated natural polyphenolic products to stimulate cell surveillance in a time-dependent manner.

TextSentencer_T1442

172458-172608

Sentence

denotes

Antibacterial effect survey of enoxolone on periodontopathogenic and capnophilic bacteria isolated from specimens of patients with periodontitis PS146

T56085

172458-172608

Sentence

denotes

Antibacterial effect survey of enoxolone on periodontopathogenic and capnophilic bacteria isolated from specimens of patients with periodontitis PS146

TextSentencer_T1443

172609-172838

Sentence

denotes

Salari MH a , Kadkhoda Z b , Sohrabi N a . a Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pathobiology, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran , b Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dentistry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Objectives:

T27808

172609-172838

Sentence

denotes

Salari MH a , Kadkhoda Z b , Sohrabi N a . a Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pathobiology, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran , b Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dentistry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Objectives:

TextSentencer_T1444

172839-172935

Sentence

denotes

Most of the microorganisms associated with periodontitis are capnophilic and anaerobic bacteria.

T37185

172839-172935

Sentence

denotes

Most of the microorganisms associated with periodontitis are capnophilic and anaerobic bacteria.

TextSentencer_T1445

172936-173061

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of this study was to detection of antibacterial effect of enoxolone on periodontopathogenic and capnophilic bacteria.

T52404

172936-173061

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of this study was to detection of antibacterial effect of enoxolone on periodontopathogenic and capnophilic bacteria.

TextSentencer_T1446

173062-173070

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T63255

173062-173070

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1447

173071-173217

Sentence

denotes

In this study 136 periodontopathogenic and capnophilic bacteria were isolated from 400 specimens of patients with periodontitis by culture method.

T33767

173071-173217

Sentence

denotes

In this study 136 periodontopathogenic and capnophilic bacteria were isolated from 400 specimens of patients with periodontitis by culture method.

TextSentencer_T1448

173218-173399

Sentence

denotes

An anti-bacterial activity of enoxolone against these microorganisms was investigated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods.

T79690

173218-173399

Sentence

denotes

An anti-bacterial activity of enoxolone against these microorganisms was investigated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods.

TextSentencer_T1449

173400-173408

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T62647

173400-173408

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1450

173409-173633

Sentence

denotes

Based on our findings the MIC, MBC and Lethal does 50 (LD50) of Enoxolone for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga were '8, 16, 64', '16, 16, 32', and '8, 16, 32' mg/ml, respectively.

T81519

173409-173633

Sentence

denotes

Based on our findings the MIC, MBC and Lethal does 50 (LD50) of Enoxolone for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga were '8, 16, 64', '16, 16, 32', and '8, 16, 32' mg/ml, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1451

173634-173645

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T33802

173634-173645

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1452

173646-173764

Sentence

denotes

Our results show enoxolone has antibacterial effect on A. actinomycetemcomitans , E. corrodens and Capnocytophaga spp.

T68477

173646-173764

Sentence

denotes

Our results show enoxolone has antibacterial effect on A. actinomycetemcomitans , E. corrodens and Capnocytophaga spp.

TextSentencer_T1453

173765-173778

Sentence

denotes

Sakalova STN.

T32015

173765-173778

Sentence

denotes

Sakalova STN.

TextSentencer_T1454

173779-173828

Sentence

denotes

Medical University, Microbiology, Grodno, Belarus

T26273

173779-173828

Sentence

denotes

Medical University, Microbiology, Grodno, Belarus

TextSentencer_T1455

173829-173951

Sentence

denotes

We have synthesized diamides of dicarboxylic acids, with components such as 5-nitrothiazole benzolsulphamides and triazol.

T97984

173829-173951

Sentence

denotes

We have synthesized diamides of dicarboxylic acids, with components such as 5-nitrothiazole benzolsulphamides and triazol.

TextSentencer_T1456

173952-174038

Sentence

denotes

All the above compounds exhibited bacteriostatic activity towards some microorganisms.

T57241

173952-174038

Sentence

denotes

All the above compounds exhibited bacteriostatic activity towards some microorganisms.

TextSentencer_T1457

174039-174243

Sentence

denotes

For further studies of bacteriostatic activity of amides and diamides of dicarboxylic acids, as well as for determination of 'structure Á/activity' relationship, we have synthesized a range of monoamides.

T66967

174039-174243

Sentence

denotes

For further studies of bacteriostatic activity of amides and diamides of dicarboxylic acids, as well as for determination of 'structure Á/activity' relationship, we have synthesized a range of monoamides.

TextSentencer_T1458

174244-174342

Sentence

denotes

Antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was studied in vitro by agar dilution methods.

T77741

174244-174342

Sentence

denotes

Antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was studied in vitro by agar dilution methods.

TextSentencer_T1459

174343-174688

Sentence

denotes

For this purpose, approximately 50 various Gram-positive and -negative microorganisms including clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Serratia marcescens , Escherichia coli , Proteus morganii , Micrococcus lisodeicticus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Shigella sonnei , Salmonella typhimurium , Yersinia enterocolitica .

T75540

174343-174688

Sentence

denotes

For this purpose, approximately 50 various Gram-positive and -negative microorganisms including clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Serratia marcescens , Escherichia coli , Proteus morganii , Micrococcus lisodeicticus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Shigella sonnei , Salmonella typhimurium , Yersinia enterocolitica .

TextSentencer_T1460

174689-174745

Sentence

denotes

Minimum inhibitory concentration was expressed in mg/ml.

T86875

174689-174745

Sentence

denotes

Minimum inhibitory concentration was expressed in mg/ml.

TextSentencer_T1461

174746-174790

Sentence

denotes

Nitazole was used as a comparison substance.

T36722

174746-174790

Sentence

denotes

Nitazole was used as a comparison substance.

TextSentencer_T1462

174791-174975

Sentence

denotes

Analysis that new derivatives of 5-nitrotiasole have high antibacterial activity relative towards certain microorganisms included strains obtained from infection department's patients.

T97442

174791-174975

Sentence

denotes

Analysis that new derivatives of 5-nitrotiasole have high antibacterial activity relative towards certain microorganisms included strains obtained from infection department's patients.

TextSentencer_T1463

174976-174998

Sentence

denotes

Results will be shown.

T26494

174976-174998

Sentence

denotes

Results will be shown.

TextSentencer_T1464

174999-175076

Sentence

denotes

Microbial susceptibility to the essential oil of Ziziphora clinopodiodes Lam.

T39738

174999-175076

Sentence

denotes

Microbial susceptibility to the essential oil of Ziziphora clinopodiodes Lam.

TextSentencer_T1465

175077-175082

Sentence

denotes

PS148

T19753

175077-175082

Sentence

denotes

PS148

TextSentencer_T1466

175083-175104

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

T975

175083-175104

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T1467

175105-175208

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial activities of essential oils vary from oil to oil and from one micro organism to another.

T52253

175105-175208

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial activities of essential oils vary from oil to oil and from one micro organism to another.

TextSentencer_T1468

175209-175641

Sentence

denotes

The antimicrobial and chemical properties of essential oil from Ziziphora clinopodiodes Lam. has not been studied and hence the present study was planned to evaluate those properties against a series of micro organisms viz, Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeroginosa , Klebsiella pneumonia , Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus licheniformis , Streptococcus faecalis , Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

T9760

175209-175641

Sentence

denotes

The antimicrobial and chemical properties of essential oil from Ziziphora clinopodiodes Lam. has not been studied and hence the present study was planned to evaluate those properties against a series of micro organisms viz, Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeroginosa , Klebsiella pneumonia , Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus licheniformis , Streptococcus faecalis , Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

TextSentencer_T1469

175642-175789

Sentence

denotes

Results: Z. clinopodiodes Lam. essential oil was found to have remarkable antimicrobial property against all the microorganisms but P. aeroginosa .

T76203

175642-175789

Sentence

denotes

Results: Z. clinopodiodes Lam. essential oil was found to have remarkable antimicrobial property against all the microorganisms but P. aeroginosa .

TextSentencer_T1470

175790-175867

Sentence

denotes

The oil exhibited its best antimicrobial activity within a maximum of 45 min.

T8585

175790-175867

Sentence

denotes

The oil exhibited its best antimicrobial activity within a maximum of 45 min.

TextSentencer_T1471

175868-176222

Sentence

denotes

Seventeen components were identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC and GC/MS) analysis of the oil, out of which Pulegone (24.5%), Neomenthol (12.8%), Cyclohexene,5-methyl-3-(1-methenyl)trans (12.2%), 2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one,3,6,6-trimethyl (9.2%), Piperitone (4.2%), and Limonene'/ 1,8-cineole (4.1%) constitute major parts of the oil.

T95123

175868-176222

Sentence

denotes

Seventeen components were identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC and GC/MS) analysis of the oil, out of which Pulegone (24.5%), Neomenthol (12.8%), Cyclohexene,5-methyl-3-(1-methenyl)trans (12.2%), 2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one,3,6,6-trimethyl (9.2%), Piperitone (4.2%), and Limonene'/ 1,8-cineole (4.1%) constitute major parts of the oil.

TextSentencer_T1472

176223-176234

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T4754

176223-176234

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1473

176235-176280

Sentence

denotes

Monoterpenes seem to have antimicrobial role.

T1990

176235-176280

Sentence

denotes

Monoterpenes seem to have antimicrobial role.

TextSentencer_T1474

176281-176435

Sentence

denotes

It seems necessary to explore antimicrobial properties of new harmless antimicrobial agents from natural sources as substitutes for common chemical drugs.

T28011

176281-176435

Sentence

denotes

It seems necessary to explore antimicrobial properties of new harmless antimicrobial agents from natural sources as substitutes for common chemical drugs.

TextSentencer_T1475

176436-176661

Sentence

denotes

Methanol extract of Carpobrotus edulis enhances killing of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosed by THP-1 human monocyte derived macrophages and promotes the release of modulators of cellular immunity PS149

T68434

176436-176661

Sentence

denotes

Methanol extract of Carpobrotus edulis enhances killing of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosed by THP-1 human monocyte derived macrophages and promotes the release of modulators of cellular immunity PS149

TextSentencer_T1476

176662-176798

Sentence

denotes

Although alkaloids from the family Mesembryanthemaceae have anti-cancer activity, species of this family have received little attention.

T59836

176662-176798

Sentence

denotes

Although alkaloids from the family Mesembryanthemaceae have anti-cancer activity, species of this family have received little attention.

TextSentencer_T1477

176799-177125

Sentence

denotes

Because these alkaloids also exhibit properties normally associated with compounds that have activity at the level of the plasma membrane, we have studied a crude methanol extract of Carpabrotus edulis , a common plant found along the Portuguese coast, for properties normally associated with plasma membrane active compounds.

T85926

176799-177125

Sentence

denotes

Because these alkaloids also exhibit properties normally associated with compounds that have activity at the level of the plasma membrane, we have studied a crude methanol extract of Carpabrotus edulis , a common plant found along the Portuguese coast, for properties normally associated with plasma membrane active compounds.

TextSentencer_T1478

177126-177410

Sentence

denotes

The results of this preliminary study show that the extract is non-toxic at concentrations that prime THP-1 human monocytederived macrophages to kill ingested methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and promote the release of lymphokines associated with cellular immune functions.

T16828

177126-177410

Sentence

denotes

The results of this preliminary study show that the extract is non-toxic at concentrations that prime THP-1 human monocytederived macrophages to kill ingested methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and promote the release of lymphokines associated with cellular immune functions.

TextSentencer_T1479

177411-177553

Sentence

denotes

The extract also induces the proliferation of THP-1 cells within 1 day of exposure and 2 days earlier than that induced by phytohemagglutinin.

T16657

177411-177553

Sentence

denotes

The extract also induces the proliferation of THP-1 cells within 1 day of exposure and 2 days earlier than that induced by phytohemagglutinin.

TextSentencer_T1480

177554-177655

Sentence

denotes

Similar results were obtained with monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from human peripheral blood.

T97504

177554-177655

Sentence

denotes

Similar results were obtained with monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from human peripheral blood.

TextSentencer_T1481

177656-177812

Sentence

denotes

The active component or components of the plant extract may be exploited as intracellular active anti-bacterials as well as modulators of cellular immunity.

T83533

177656-177812

Sentence

denotes

The active component or components of the plant extract may be exploited as intracellular active anti-bacterials as well as modulators of cellular immunity.

TextSentencer_T1482

177813-177923

Sentence

denotes

Enhancing of Erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea NUR001 with common and uncommon oils PS150

T5850

177813-177923

Sentence

denotes

Enhancing of Erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea NUR001 with common and uncommon oils PS150

TextSentencer_T1483

177924-178135

Sentence

denotes

Hamedi J a , Malekzadeh F a,b Saghafi-Nia AE b . a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran , b Shafe-e-Sari Co., Antibiotic Production Co., Teheran, Iran

T54850

177924-178135

Sentence

denotes

Hamedi J a , Malekzadeh F a,b Saghafi-Nia AE b . a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran , b Shafe-e-Sari Co., Antibiotic Production Co., Teheran, Iran

TextSentencer_T1484

178136-178333

Sentence

denotes

Enhancing effect of various oils on the erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea NUR001 were evaluated in a complex medium consisting soybean flour and dextrin as the main substrates.

T81689

178136-178333

Sentence

denotes

Enhancing effect of various oils on the erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea NUR001 were evaluated in a complex medium consisting soybean flour and dextrin as the main substrates.

TextSentencer_T1485

178334-178437

Sentence

denotes

The biomass, erythromycin, dextrin and oil concentrations, and pH value were measured on a daily basis.

T63121

178334-178437

Sentence

denotes

The biomass, erythromycin, dextrin and oil concentrations, and pH value were measured on a daily basis.

TextSentencer_T1486

178438-178518

Sentence

denotes

Also, the kinds and frequencies of fatty acids of the oils used were determined.

T66387

178438-178518

Sentence

denotes

Also, the kinds and frequencies of fatty acids of the oils used were determined.

TextSentencer_T1487

178519-178603

Sentence

denotes

Saturated fatty acids in the shark oil were higher than that of vegetable oils used.

T24091

178519-178603

Sentence

denotes

Saturated fatty acids in the shark oil were higher than that of vegetable oils used.

TextSentencer_T1488

178604-178851

Sentence

denotes

Erythromycin concentration in the melon (Cucumis melo var. inderus cultivar mashhad ) seed oil containing medium was 4.56 times higher than that of the control medium (without oil) and 1.18 times higher than that of rapeseed oil containing medium.

T52850

178604-178851

Sentence

denotes

Erythromycin concentration in the melon (Cucumis melo var. inderus cultivar mashhad ) seed oil containing medium was 4.56 times higher than that of the control medium (without oil) and 1.18 times higher than that of rapeseed oil containing medium.

TextSentencer_T1489

178852-179077

Sentence

denotes

Erythromycin concentration in the other oil containing media, including rapeseed, soybean, shark (Carcharhinus dussumieri ), and safflower oils was 3.88, 3.03, 2.59, 2.44 time higher than that of control medium, respectively.

T27999

178852-179077

Sentence

denotes

Erythromycin concentration in the other oil containing media, including rapeseed, soybean, shark (Carcharhinus dussumieri ), and safflower oils was 3.88, 3.03, 2.59, 2.44 time higher than that of control medium, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1490

179078-179210

Sentence

denotes

The melon seed oil had the least enhancing effect on the biomass production, and thus decreasing the cost of the biomass separation.

T19540

179078-179210

Sentence

denotes

The melon seed oil had the least enhancing effect on the biomass production, and thus decreasing the cost of the biomass separation.

TextSentencer_T1491

179211-179661

Sentence

denotes

Can varicella be eliminated by universal childhood vaccination ? */ Epidemiological and economic data from Germany PS151 Wutzler P a , Banz K b , Neiss A c , Goertz A d , Bisanz H d . a Institute for Antiviral Chemotherapy, University of Jena, Jena, Germany , b Outcomes International, Basle, Switzerland , c Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University, Munich, Germany , d GlaxoSmithKline, Pharma, Munich, Germany Purpose:

T98721

179211-179661

Sentence

denotes

Can varicella be eliminated by universal childhood vaccination ? */ Epidemiological and economic data from Germany PS151 Wutzler P a , Banz K b , Neiss A c , Goertz A d , Bisanz H d . a Institute for Antiviral Chemotherapy, University of Jena, Jena, Germany , b Outcomes International, Basle, Switzerland , c Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University, Munich, Germany , d GlaxoSmithKline, Pharma, Munich, Germany Purpose:

TextSentencer_T1492

179662-179865

Sentence

denotes

Universal varicella vaccination in childhood is expected to reduce substantially the number of uncomplicated cases of chickenpox and to decrease the number of complicated cases requiring hospitalization.

T22777

179662-179865

Sentence

denotes

Universal varicella vaccination in childhood is expected to reduce substantially the number of uncomplicated cases of chickenpox and to decrease the number of complicated cases requiring hospitalization.

TextSentencer_T1493

179866-180012

Sentence

denotes

To generate fundamental data for decisions of the health authorities epidemiological and health-economic data were collected in two large studies.

T45265

179866-180012

Sentence

denotes

To generate fundamental data for decisions of the health authorities epidemiological and health-economic data were collected in two large studies.

TextSentencer_T1494

180013-180180

Sentence

denotes

Using an age-structured decision analytic model the benefits, costs and cost-effectiveness of a varicella immunization program over a period of 30 years were assessed.

T41046

180013-180180

Sentence

denotes

Using an age-structured decision analytic model the benefits, costs and cost-effectiveness of a varicella immunization program over a period of 30 years were assessed.

TextSentencer_T1495

180181-180189

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T39903

180181-180189

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1496

180190-180292

Sentence

denotes

It could be shown, that the vast majority of varicella cases occur in children aged less than 8 years.

T32937

180190-180292

Sentence

denotes

It could be shown, that the vast majority of varicella cases occur in children aged less than 8 years.

TextSentencer_T1497

180293-180344

Sentence

denotes

In 16.3% of the cases a severe course was assessed.

T13219

180293-180344

Sentence

denotes

In 16.3% of the cases a severe course was assessed.

TextSentencer_T1498

180345-180405

Sentence

denotes

Overall incidence of complications was estimated to be 5.7%.

T34092

180345-180405

Sentence

denotes

Overall incidence of complications was estimated to be 5.7%.

TextSentencer_T1499

180406-180595

Sentence

denotes

A routine varicella vaccination program targeting healthy children could prevent 82.6% of varicella cases and over 4700 major complications per year provided the coverage rate would be 85%.

T85574

180406-180595

Sentence

denotes

A routine varicella vaccination program targeting healthy children could prevent 82.6% of varicella cases and over 4700 major complications per year provided the coverage rate would be 85%.

TextSentencer_T1500

180596-180699

Sentence

denotes

Under these conditions the elimination of varicella is predicted to be achievable within 15 Á/20 years.

T24183

180596-180699

Sentence

denotes

Under these conditions the elimination of varicella is predicted to be achievable within 15 Á/20 years.

TextSentencer_T1501

180700-180802

Sentence

denotes

A combined measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine is expected to provide the required coverage.

T31106

180700-180802

Sentence

denotes

A combined measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine is expected to provide the required coverage.

TextSentencer_T1502

180803-180815

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T95554

180803-180815

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1503

180816-181031

Sentence

denotes

Routine childhood varicella vaccination appears to be a highly efficient strategy to significantly reduce the sizeable burden of varicella and leads to significant savings from both societal and payer's perspective.

T66140

180816-181031

Sentence

denotes

Routine childhood varicella vaccination appears to be a highly efficient strategy to significantly reduce the sizeable burden of varicella and leads to significant savings from both societal and payer's perspective.

TextSentencer_T1504

181032-181073

Sentence

denotes

Bulgakova VA, Balabolkin II, Sentsova TB.

T75914

181032-181073

Sentence

denotes

Bulgakova VA, Balabolkin II, Sentsova TB.

TextSentencer_T1505

181074-181217

Sentence

denotes

Scientific Center of Child Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Pediatrics, Moscow, Russian Federation

T35092

181074-181217

Sentence

denotes

Scientific Center of Child Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Pediatrics, Moscow, Russian Federation

TextSentencer_T1506

181218-181228

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T32397

181218-181228

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T1507

181229-181305

Sentence

denotes

To estimate efficacy of vaccine Influvac at children with allergic diseases.

T94265

181229-181305

Sentence

denotes

To estimate efficacy of vaccine Influvac at children with allergic diseases.

TextSentencer_T1508

181306-181314

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T63820

181306-181314

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1509

181315-181414

Sentence

denotes

Twenty children aged 3 Á/18 years with allergic diseases received vaccine Influvac (Solvay Pharma).

T57956

181315-181414

Sentence

denotes

Twenty children aged 3 Á/18 years with allergic diseases received vaccine Influvac (Solvay Pharma).

TextSentencer_T1510

181415-181562

Sentence

denotes

For the control group of children, with allergic pathology did not receive this vaccine because of an intolerance of chicken protein (10 children).

T65128

181415-181562

Sentence

denotes

For the control group of children, with allergic pathology did not receive this vaccine because of an intolerance of chicken protein (10 children).

TextSentencer_T1511

181563-181571

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T92802

181563-181571

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1512

181572-181656

Sentence

denotes

All vaccinated children for the observable season of 6 months did not get influenza.

T53450

181572-181656

Sentence

denotes

All vaccinated children for the observable season of 6 months did not get influenza.

TextSentencer_T1513

181657-181717

Sentence

denotes

General and aboriginal reactions to a vaccine did not occur.

T98922

181657-181717

Sentence

denotes

General and aboriginal reactions to a vaccine did not occur.

TextSentencer_T1514

181718-181861

Sentence

denotes

In control group for the observable season two children were ill with influenza and four children with acute respiratory virus infection (60%).

T53124

181718-181861

Sentence

denotes

In control group for the observable season two children were ill with influenza and four children with acute respiratory virus infection (60%).

TextSentencer_T1515

181862-182019

Sentence

denotes

Among vaccinated children there was an increase in titre to a protective level (1:40 and above) to all to three strains of influenza 30 days after injection.

T87052

181862-182019

Sentence

denotes

Among vaccinated children there was an increase in titre to a protective level (1:40 and above) to all to three strains of influenza 30 days after injection.

TextSentencer_T1516

182020-182181

Sentence

denotes

Vaccine Influvac can be recommended for an immunisation against influenza of children with an allergic pathology because of efficacy and absence of side effects.

T20438

182020-182181

Sentence

denotes

Vaccine Influvac can be recommended for an immunisation against influenza of children with an allergic pathology because of efficacy and absence of side effects.

TextSentencer_T1517

182182-182248

Sentence

denotes

Ló pez H, Zitto TR, Vidal GI, Cánepa MC, Salomó n JM, Scaglione M.

T62434

182182-182248

Sentence

denotes

Ló pez H, Zitto TR, Vidal GI, Cánepa MC, Salomó n JM, Scaglione M.

TextSentencer_T1518

182249-182317

Sentence

denotes

Centro de Infectología, Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina

T71116

182249-182317

Sentence

denotes

Centro de Infectología, Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina

TextSentencer_T1519

182318-182329

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T44353

182318-182329

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T1520

182330-182485

Sentence

denotes

Our study examines the possible economic impact of the influenza on health working adults in Argentina, and the intervention cost saving with immunization.

T41243

182330-182485

Sentence

denotes

Our study examines the possible economic impact of the influenza on health working adults in Argentina, and the intervention cost saving with immunization.

TextSentencer_T1521

182486-182494

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T78259

182486-182494

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1522

182495-182553

Sentence

denotes

This is a theoretical study based on a mathematical model.

T68009

182495-182553

Sentence

denotes

This is a theoretical study based on a mathematical model.

TextSentencer_T1523

182554-182613

Sentence

denotes

Population data was published in 2001s national statistics.

T21364

182554-182613

Sentence

denotes

Population data was published in 2001s national statistics.

TextSentencer_T1524

182614-182678

Sentence

denotes

The global incidence of influenza infection was estimated at 5%.

T22739

182614-182678

Sentence

denotes

The global incidence of influenza infection was estimated at 5%.

TextSentencer_T1525

182679-182909

Sentence

denotes

We have estimated the direct cost on influenza infection (outpatient visits, drugs and hospitalization) and indirect cost (work absenteeism and productivity loss) and projected net saving for the 20 Á/64 year-old vaccinated group.

T45154

182679-182909

Sentence

denotes

We have estimated the direct cost on influenza infection (outpatient visits, drugs and hospitalization) and indirect cost (work absenteeism and productivity loss) and projected net saving for the 20 Á/64 year-old vaccinated group.

TextSentencer_T1526

182910-182964

Sentence

denotes

The vaccine effectiveness was estimated at 70 and 90%.

T59337

182910-182964

Sentence

denotes

The vaccine effectiveness was estimated at 70 and 90%.

TextSentencer_T1527

182965-182998

Sentence

denotes

The price of vaccine was $8 each.

T77912

182965-182998

Sentence

denotes

The price of vaccine was $8 each.

TextSentencer_T1528

182999-183018

Sentence

denotes

Results Conclusion:

T3971

182999-183018

Sentence

denotes

Results Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1529

183019-183112

Sentence

denotes

Influenza vaccination is effective in diminishing cases of flu and reducing working-day loss.

T19352

183019-183112

Sentence

denotes

Influenza vaccination is effective in diminishing cases of flu and reducing working-day loss.

TextSentencer_T1530

183113-183151

Sentence

denotes

Its a safe and cost-effective vaccine.

T92201

183113-183151

Sentence

denotes

Its a safe and cost-effective vaccine.

TextSentencer_T1531

183152-183182

Sentence

denotes

Ló pez H, Zitto TR, Cánepa MC.

T80050

183152-183182

Sentence

denotes

Ló pez H, Zitto TR, Cánepa MC.

TextSentencer_T1532

183183-183453

Sentence

denotes

Centro de Infectología, Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina Flu infection is a major cause of illness and one of the most common cause of work absenteeism, increasing institution costs, healthcare provider visits, use of drugs, and decreasing work productivity.

T24792

183183-183453

Sentence

denotes

Centro de Infectología, Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina Flu infection is a major cause of illness and one of the most common cause of work absenteeism, increasing institution costs, healthcare provider visits, use of drugs, and decreasing work productivity.

TextSentencer_T1533

183454-183532

Sentence

denotes

Vaccine against flu has an effectiveness between 70 and 90%, in health adults.

T70620

183454-183532

Sentence

denotes

Vaccine against flu has an effectiveness between 70 and 90%, in health adults.

TextSentencer_T1534

183533-183543

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T16619

183533-183543

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T1535

183544-183698

Sentence

denotes

Evaluate the impact of flu-like respiratory tract infections in a health institution staff during 1 year, comparing vaccinated with not-vaccinated groups.

T39032

183544-183698

Sentence

denotes

Evaluate the impact of flu-like respiratory tract infections in a health institution staff during 1 year, comparing vaccinated with not-vaccinated groups.

TextSentencer_T1536

183699-183707

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T34759

183699-183707

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1537

183708-183897

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated all causes of absenteeism along 1 year (2001), based on the written note made by the professional who has evaluated ill people, selecting flu-like respiratory infection causes.

T82374

183708-183897

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated all causes of absenteeism along 1 year (2001), based on the written note made by the professional who has evaluated ill people, selecting flu-like respiratory infection causes.

TextSentencer_T1538

183898-184003

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated age, working days loss related to illness, and cost on vaccinated and not-vaccinated groups.

T57443

183898-184003

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated age, working days loss related to illness, and cost on vaccinated and not-vaccinated groups.

TextSentencer_T1539

184004-184012

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T81981

184004-184012

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1540

184013-184159

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and sixty eight of the total staff (479 people) were vaccinated, 21 of them had flu-like infection, resulting in 40 working days lost.

T46725

184013-184159

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and sixty eight of the total staff (479 people) were vaccinated, 21 of them had flu-like infection, resulting in 40 working days lost.

TextSentencer_T1541

184160-184221

Sentence

denotes

For not-vaccinated group, 33 people had flu and 56 lost days.

T36379

184160-184221

Sentence

denotes

For not-vaccinated group, 33 people had flu and 56 lost days.

TextSentencer_T1542

184222-184302

Sentence

denotes

Lost cost for vaccinated group was of $1267, and for notvaccinated group, $1874.

T99735

184222-184302

Sentence

denotes

Lost cost for vaccinated group was of $1267, and for notvaccinated group, $1874.

TextSentencer_T1543

184303-184314

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T44970

184303-184314

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1544

184315-184430

Sentence

denotes

We observed a decrease in working days loss and money waste related to flu-like infections on the vaccinated group.

T71582

184315-184430

Sentence

denotes

We observed a decrease in working days loss and money waste related to flu-like infections on the vaccinated group.

TextSentencer_T1545

184431-184574

Sentence

denotes

Because of safety and effectiveness of vaccine against flu, the implementation of vaccination will be cost-effective for all institution staff.

T3897

184431-184574

Sentence

denotes

Because of safety and effectiveness of vaccine against flu, the implementation of vaccination will be cost-effective for all institution staff.

TextSentencer_T1546

184575-184700

Sentence

denotes

We studied functioning of the interferon system in 108 children with atopic bronchial asthma (BA) at the age of 2 Á/14 years.

T29536

184575-184700

Sentence

denotes

We studied functioning of the interferon system in 108 children with atopic bronchial asthma (BA) at the age of 2 Á/14 years.

TextSentencer_T1547

184701-184748

Sentence

denotes

The control group included 10 healthy children.

T20862

184701-184748

Sentence

denotes

The control group included 10 healthy children.

TextSentencer_T1548

184749-184864

Sentence

denotes

We investigated the interferon status (method of Grigoryan S.) and serum concentrations of IFNgamma (IFNg) (ELISA).

T53369

184749-184864

Sentence

denotes

We investigated the interferon status (method of Grigoryan S.) and serum concentrations of IFNgamma (IFNg) (ELISA).

TextSentencer_T1549

184865-184997

Sentence

denotes

There was a decrease in the IFN-producing ability of leukocytes to the synthesis of IFNa at 50% and IFNg at 84% of children with BA.

T44952

184865-184997

Sentence

denotes

There was a decrease in the IFN-producing ability of leukocytes to the synthesis of IFNa at 50% and IFNg at 84% of children with BA.

TextSentencer_T1550

184998-185200

Sentence

denotes

Serum level of IFN of children with BA during all period of illness is compared to the children without predisposition to atopy (94.99/10.3 and 192.39/7.8 pg/ml accordingly) was significantly decreased.

T22346

184998-185200

Sentence

denotes

Serum level of IFN of children with BA during all period of illness is compared to the children without predisposition to atopy (94.99/10.3 and 192.39/7.8 pg/ml accordingly) was significantly decreased.

TextSentencer_T1551

185201-185289

Sentence

denotes

Production of IFNa increased after using viferon (recombinant a2b IFN and antioxidants).

T15387

185201-185289

Sentence

denotes

Production of IFNa increased after using viferon (recombinant a2b IFN and antioxidants).

TextSentencer_T1552

185290-185407

Sentence

denotes

Decreased ability of gammainterferonogenesis in the most children was not affected by the action of immunomodulators.

T12500

185290-185407

Sentence

denotes

Decreased ability of gammainterferonogenesis in the most children was not affected by the action of immunomodulators.

TextSentencer_T1553

185408-185601

Sentence

denotes

There was shown interferon system's dysfunction in the development of atopy and increasing predisposition to respiratory infections and to persistent of atypical infections in children with BA.

T57365

185408-185601

Sentence

denotes

There was shown interferon system's dysfunction in the development of atopy and increasing predisposition to respiratory infections and to persistent of atypical infections in children with BA.

TextSentencer_T1554

185602-185629

Sentence

denotes

Harxhi A, Pilaca A, Pano K.

T99724

185602-185629

Sentence

denotes

Harxhi A, Pilaca A, Pano K.

TextSentencer_T1555

185630-185837

Sentence

denotes

University Hospital Center of Tirana, Infectious Diseases, Tirana, Albania Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever is viral disease with a high rate of mortality that is caused by a Nairovirus, Bunyaviride species.

T65591

185630-185837

Sentence

denotes

University Hospital Center of Tirana, Infectious Diseases, Tirana, Albania Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever is viral disease with a high rate of mortality that is caused by a Nairovirus, Bunyaviride species.

TextSentencer_T1556

185838-185968

Sentence

denotes

This is a zoonotic disease, which affects sporadically humans and is geographically distributed even in Eastern Europe and Balkan.

T21294

185838-185968

Sentence

denotes

This is a zoonotic disease, which affects sporadically humans and is geographically distributed even in Eastern Europe and Balkan.

TextSentencer_T1557

185969-186081

Sentence

denotes

During the months of May and June 2001, in northeast of Albania were reported eight cases of haemorrhagic fever.

T76402

185969-186081

Sentence

denotes

During the months of May and June 2001, in northeast of Albania were reported eight cases of haemorrhagic fever.

TextSentencer_T1558

186082-186222

Sentence

denotes

Serologic tests performed in the laboratory of reference in Thesaloniki, Greece confirmed the diagnosis of Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever.

T43718

186082-186222

Sentence

denotes

Serologic tests performed in the laboratory of reference in Thesaloniki, Greece confirmed the diagnosis of Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever.

TextSentencer_T1559

186223-186408

Sentence

denotes

In the mean time, WHO reported the outbreak in southwest Kosovo of 69 cases suspected for haemorrhagic fever from which 18 were confirmed laboratory as Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever.

T38052

186223-186408

Sentence

denotes

In the mean time, WHO reported the outbreak in southwest Kosovo of 69 cases suspected for haemorrhagic fever from which 18 were confirmed laboratory as Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever.

TextSentencer_T1560

186409-186496

Sentence

denotes

We are describing here the clinical history of one of eight cases with CCHF in Albania.

T66605

186409-186496

Sentence

denotes

We are describing here the clinical history of one of eight cases with CCHF in Albania.

TextSentencer_T1561

186497-186775

Sentence

denotes

From the epidemiological point of view this case was considered peculiar, as it was the only one hospitaly acquired, and due to the gravity of the haemorrhagic syndrome was admitted at the intensive care unit at infectious diseases service, University Hospital Center of Tirana.

T39600

186497-186775

Sentence

denotes

From the epidemiological point of view this case was considered peculiar, as it was the only one hospitaly acquired, and due to the gravity of the haemorrhagic syndrome was admitted at the intensive care unit at infectious diseases service, University Hospital Center of Tirana.

TextSentencer_T1562

186776-186784

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T1788

186776-186784

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1563

186785-186937

Sentence

denotes

In the study were included 150 patients ]/18 years of age with documented HBsAg-carrier ]/6 months (average age */39.4 years, male */58%, female */42%).

T35840

186785-186937

Sentence

denotes

In the study were included 150 patients ]/18 years of age with documented HBsAg-carrier ]/6 months (average age */39.4 years, male */58%, female */42%).

TextSentencer_T1564

186938-187042

Sentence

denotes

HBV DNA in serum was tested by qualitative and quantitative PCR (commercial test-system Ampli-Sens HBV).

T87199

186938-187042

Sentence

denotes

HBV DNA in serum was tested by qualitative and quantitative PCR (commercial test-system Ampli-Sens HBV).

TextSentencer_T1565

187043-187106

Sentence

denotes

HBeAg, HBeAb, HBsAg were detected by ELISA (Hoffmann La Roche).

T55250

187043-187106

Sentence

denotes

HBeAg, HBeAb, HBsAg were detected by ELISA (Hoffmann La Roche).

TextSentencer_T1566

187107-187339

Sentence

denotes

HBV DNA by qualitative PCR was detected in 41% patients, by qualitative PCR was detected in 13% patients in the concentration ]/10 5 copies/ml, in 4.3% ]/10 6 copies/ml, in 4.3% ]/10 7 copies/ml, in 2.1% ]/10 8 copies/ml ( Fig. 1 ).

T75161

187107-187339

Sentence

denotes

HBV DNA by qualitative PCR was detected in 41% patients, by qualitative PCR was detected in 13% patients in the concentration ]/10 5 copies/ml, in 4.3% ]/10 6 copies/ml, in 4.3% ]/10 7 copies/ml, in 2.1% ]/10 8 copies/ml ( Fig. 1 ).

TextSentencer_T1567

187340-187392

Sentence

denotes

HBV DNA level distribution among the HBsAG carriers.

T65585

187340-187392

Sentence

denotes

HBV DNA level distribution among the HBsAG carriers.

TextSentencer_T1568

187393-187534

Sentence

denotes

Elevated (1.5 the upper limit of normal) ALT level was determined in 3.8% of the HBV DNA negative and 25.4% of the HBV DNA positive patients.

T76945

187393-187534

Sentence

denotes

Elevated (1.5 the upper limit of normal) ALT level was determined in 3.8% of the HBV DNA negative and 25.4% of the HBV DNA positive patients.

TextSentencer_T1569

187535-187656

Sentence

denotes

HBeAg was detected in 10.2% of the HBV DNA positive patients and had not been determined in the HBV DNA negative patient.

T64609

187535-187656

Sentence

denotes

HBeAg was detected in 10.2% of the HBV DNA positive patients and had not been determined in the HBV DNA negative patient.

TextSentencer_T1570

187657-187877

Sentence

denotes

Eleven percent of patient had the combination of the biochemical, serological and virology criteria, which are typical for active chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg-carrier !/6 months, HBV DNA ]/ 10 )/5 copies/ml, elevated ALT).

T86663

187657-187877

Sentence

denotes

Eleven percent of patient had the combination of the biochemical, serological and virology criteria, which are typical for active chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg-carrier !/6 months, HBV DNA ]/ 10 )/5 copies/ml, elevated ALT).

TextSentencer_T1571

187878-187889

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T92550

187878-187889

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1572

187890-187980

Sentence

denotes

In Smolensk 41% of the HBsAg-carriers have viral replication confirmed by qualitative PCR.

T44095

187890-187980

Sentence

denotes

In Smolensk 41% of the HBsAg-carriers have viral replication confirmed by qualitative PCR.

TextSentencer_T1573

187981-188036

Sentence

denotes

Eleven percent of them have active chronic hepatitis B.

T66690

187981-188036

Sentence

denotes

Eleven percent of them have active chronic hepatitis B.

TextSentencer_T1574

188037-188247

Sentence

denotes

Kandemir O a , Polat A b , Kaya A a . a Medicine of Faculty, Mersin University, Clinical microbiology and infectious disease, Mersin, Turkey , b Medicine of Faculty, Mersin University, Pathology, Mersin, Turkey

T68047

188037-188247

Sentence

denotes

Kandemir O a , Polat A b , Kaya A a . a Medicine of Faculty, Mersin University, Clinical microbiology and infectious disease, Mersin, Turkey , b Medicine of Faculty, Mersin University, Pathology, Mersin, Turkey

TextSentencer_T1575

188248-188344

Sentence

denotes

The exact potential of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis is not known.

T91759

188248-188344

Sentence

denotes

The exact potential of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis is not known.

TextSentencer_T1576

188345-188591

Sentence

denotes

The elevated nitric oxide production is assumed to be responsible for the pathological changes in many inflammatory conditions, mainly via peroxynitrite, a potential oxidant that is produced by the reduction of superoxyde anion with nitric oxide.

T10981

188345-188591

Sentence

denotes

The elevated nitric oxide production is assumed to be responsible for the pathological changes in many inflammatory conditions, mainly via peroxynitrite, a potential oxidant that is produced by the reduction of superoxyde anion with nitric oxide.

TextSentencer_T1577

188592-188865

Sentence

denotes

The intensity and the distribution of the immunohistochemical staining of intrahepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase were studied in the biopsy specimens obtained from 63 patients with viral hepatitis and 13 patients with elevated transaminase levels from other etiology.

T94570

188592-188865

Sentence

denotes

The intensity and the distribution of the immunohistochemical staining of intrahepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase were studied in the biopsy specimens obtained from 63 patients with viral hepatitis and 13 patients with elevated transaminase levels from other etiology.

TextSentencer_T1578

188866-188987

Sentence

denotes

Hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase staining was significantly more intense in the viral hepatitis group (P 0/0.000).

T78951

188866-188987

Sentence

denotes

Hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase staining was significantly more intense in the viral hepatitis group (P 0/0.000).

TextSentencer_T1579

188988-189169

Sentence

denotes

Inducible nitric oxide synthase staining levels correlated well with the severity of the viral hepatitis using the Knodell's liver histological activity index (r0/0.393, P 0/0.002).

T17781

188988-189169

Sentence

denotes

Inducible nitric oxide synthase staining levels correlated well with the severity of the viral hepatitis using the Knodell's liver histological activity index (r0/0.393, P 0/0.002).

TextSentencer_T1580

189170-189387

Sentence

denotes

Among the viral hepatitis group, the pathological distribution of the inducible nitric oxide synthase staining favored the periportal regions whereas less staining was observed in the bile duct and parenchyma regions.

T87183

189170-189387

Sentence

denotes

Among the viral hepatitis group, the pathological distribution of the inducible nitric oxide synthase staining favored the periportal regions whereas less staining was observed in the bile duct and parenchyma regions.

TextSentencer_T1581

189388-189692

Sentence

denotes

As nitric oxide mediated nitration of hepatocellular proteins is found to be elevated in the inflamed hepatic tissues and it well correlated with the severity of the disease, we suggest that inducible nitric oxide synthase can possibly have a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis.

T90989

189388-189692

Sentence

denotes

As nitric oxide mediated nitration of hepatocellular proteins is found to be elevated in the inflamed hepatic tissues and it well correlated with the severity of the disease, we suggest that inducible nitric oxide synthase can possibly have a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis.

TextSentencer_T1582

189693-189978

Sentence

denotes

There were 36 patients under observation who were divided into two groups, the first of 18 patients (eight chronic virus hepatitis; three chronic virus hepatitis'/steatosis; four steatohepatitis; three chronic cryptogenic hepatitis; there were 14 men and four women aged from 35 to 74.

T60741

189693-189978

Sentence

denotes

There were 36 patients under observation who were divided into two groups, the first of 18 patients (eight chronic virus hepatitis; three chronic virus hepatitis'/steatosis; four steatohepatitis; three chronic cryptogenic hepatitis; there were 14 men and four women aged from 35 to 74.

TextSentencer_T1583

189979-190124

Sentence

denotes

The second group consisted of 18 patients, eight with chronic virus hepatitis; four with steatohepatitis; six with chronic cryptogenic hepatitis.

T39739

189979-190124

Sentence

denotes

The second group consisted of 18 patients, eight with chronic virus hepatitis; four with steatohepatitis; six with chronic cryptogenic hepatitis.

TextSentencer_T1584

190125-190178

Sentence

denotes

There were 15 men and three women aged from 40 to 80.

T86313

190125-190178

Sentence

denotes

There were 15 men and three women aged from 40 to 80.

TextSentencer_T1585

190179-190357

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis was confirmed with the help of clinical data, biochemical tests, serological markers, PSR-diagnostics and ultrasound examination and computer tomography of the abdomen.

T81564

190179-190357

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis was confirmed with the help of clinical data, biochemical tests, serological markers, PSR-diagnostics and ultrasound examination and computer tomography of the abdomen.

TextSentencer_T1586

190358-190627

Sentence

denotes

In the first group of patients the treatment with ursofalk was administered at the dosage of 10 mg/kg of body mass from 1 month to 3 years with improvement in general condition of the patients: heaviness, pain under the right rib, nausea and skin itch have disappeared.

T40135

190358-190627

Sentence

denotes

In the first group of patients the treatment with ursofalk was administered at the dosage of 10 mg/kg of body mass from 1 month to 3 years with improvement in general condition of the patients: heaviness, pain under the right rib, nausea and skin itch have disappeared.

TextSentencer_T1587

190628-190720

Sentence

denotes

In all the cases, improvement in the biochemical blood analysis took place during treatment.

T66713

190628-190720

Sentence

denotes

In all the cases, improvement in the biochemical blood analysis took place during treatment.

TextSentencer_T1588

190721-190940

Sentence

denotes

The average index of ALT activity was before */105.88 U/l, after */62.06 U/l and AST */156.44 and 95.05 U/l; ALP */196.39 and 171.87 U/l; GGT */163.2 and 82.86 U/l; CHOL */5.38 and 4.8 mmol/l; TG */2.15 and 1.75 mmol/l.

T47021

190721-190940

Sentence

denotes

The average index of ALT activity was before */105.88 U/l, after */62.06 U/l and AST */156.44 and 95.05 U/l; ALP */196.39 and 171.87 U/l; GGT */163.2 and 82.86 U/l; CHOL */5.38 and 4.8 mmol/l; TG */2.15 and 1.75 mmol/l.

TextSentencer_T1589

190941-191071

Sentence

denotes

In the second group of patients the treatment was carried out with various hepatoprotectors during the courses from 1 to 6 months.

T45304

190941-191071

Sentence

denotes

In the second group of patients the treatment was carried out with various hepatoprotectors during the courses from 1 to 6 months.

TextSentencer_T1590

191072-191282

Sentence

denotes

Before the average index of ALT activity was 181.3 U/l, after */165.5 U/l; AST */126.9 and 129.0 U/l; ALP */229.8 and 213.5 U/l; GGT */204.2 and 238.0 U/l; CHOL */5.85 and 5.67 mmol/l; TG */1.72 and 1.8 mmol/l.

T92820

191072-191282

Sentence

denotes

Before the average index of ALT activity was 181.3 U/l, after */165.5 U/l; AST */126.9 and 129.0 U/l; ALP */229.8 and 213.5 U/l; GGT */204.2 and 238.0 U/l; CHOL */5.85 and 5.67 mmol/l; TG */1.72 and 1.8 mmol/l.

TextSentencer_T1591

191283-191455

Sentence

denotes

Treatment of patients suffering from hepatitis of viral and other aetiologies with ursofalk produces a positive effect on both clinical symptomatic and biochemical indices.

T84839

191283-191455

Sentence

denotes

Treatment of patients suffering from hepatitis of viral and other aetiologies with ursofalk produces a positive effect on both clinical symptomatic and biochemical indices.

TextSentencer_T1592

191456-191529

Sentence

denotes

Remission was more stable during a long period of taking the preparation.

T26845

191456-191529

Sentence

denotes

Remission was more stable during a long period of taking the preparation.

TextSentencer_T1593

191530-191648

Sentence

denotes

The hepatoprotective effect of ursofalk during the 3 years was sustained for the whole of the period of the treatment.

T43223

191530-191648

Sentence

denotes

The hepatoprotective effect of ursofalk during the 3 years was sustained for the whole of the period of the treatment.

TextSentencer_T1594

191649-191716

Sentence

denotes

After stopping, an acute attack of cytolytic syndrome was observed.

T12024

191649-191716

Sentence

denotes

After stopping, an acute attack of cytolytic syndrome was observed.

TextSentencer_T1595

191717-191835

Sentence

denotes

With other hepatoprotectors we did not get any improvement in clinical scene of the disease or in biochemical indices.

T30304

191717-191835

Sentence

denotes

With other hepatoprotectors we did not get any improvement in clinical scene of the disease or in biochemical indices.

TextSentencer_T1596

191836-191859

Sentence

denotes

Shavlov NM, Kletsky SK.

T55691

191836-191859

Sentence

denotes

Shavlov NM, Kletsky SK.

TextSentencer_T1597

191860-191945

Sentence

denotes

Minsk, Belarus HSV-1 and -11 have possibility to damage different organs and systems.

T50235

191860-191945

Sentence

denotes

Minsk, Belarus HSV-1 and -11 have possibility to damage different organs and systems.

TextSentencer_T1598

191946-192019

Sentence

denotes

Sometimes they cause damage of the liver, which resemble viral hepatitis.

T58710

191946-192019

Sentence

denotes

Sometimes they cause damage of the liver, which resemble viral hepatitis.

TextSentencer_T1599

192020-192100

Sentence

denotes

The etiology of such hepatitis may be confirmed only by results of liver biopsy.

T83309

192020-192100

Sentence

denotes

The etiology of such hepatitis may be confirmed only by results of liver biopsy.

TextSentencer_T1600

192101-192182

Sentence

denotes

We have diagnosed 12 cases of herpetic hepatitis: eight children and four adults.

T20569

192101-192182

Sentence

denotes

We have diagnosed 12 cases of herpetic hepatitis: eight children and four adults.

TextSentencer_T1601

192183-192213

Sentence

denotes

Clinical course was different.

T96867

192183-192213

Sentence

denotes

Clinical course was different.

TextSentencer_T1602

192214-192426

Sentence

denotes

In five cases the acute beginning took place: high temperature, the jaundice at the 2 Á/3 day (the level of bilirubin was 200 Á/350 mkmol, especially direct), cholestasis, the pain in upper right part of abdomen.

T19713

192214-192426

Sentence

denotes

In five cases the acute beginning took place: high temperature, the jaundice at the 2 Á/3 day (the level of bilirubin was 200 Á/350 mkmol, especially direct), cholestasis, the pain in upper right part of abdomen.

TextSentencer_T1603

192427-192534

Sentence

denotes

The ascites was found in three patients with acute hepatitis during 1st week from the beginning of disease.

T30755

192427-192534

Sentence

denotes

The ascites was found in three patients with acute hepatitis during 1st week from the beginning of disease.

TextSentencer_T1604

192535-192576

Sentence

denotes

In seven cases the beginning was gradual.

T98115

192535-192576

Sentence

denotes

In seven cases the beginning was gradual.

TextSentencer_T1605

192577-192695

Sentence

denotes

The temperature was subfebrile, prolonged; malaise and moderate pain in upper part of abdomen were constant complaint.

T20964

192577-192695

Sentence

denotes

The temperature was subfebrile, prolonged; malaise and moderate pain in upper part of abdomen were constant complaint.

TextSentencer_T1606

192696-192759

Sentence

denotes

The jaundice was moderate; bilirubin increased until 120 mkmol.

T42222

192696-192759

Sentence

denotes

The jaundice was moderate; bilirubin increased until 120 mkmol.

TextSentencer_T1607

192760-192816

Sentence

denotes

The level of ALT was moderately increased (5 Á/7 times).

T48647

192760-192816

Sentence

denotes

The level of ALT was moderately increased (5 Á/7 times).

TextSentencer_T1608

192817-192902

Sentence

denotes

The blood analysis showed moderate leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and increased SRE.

T66302

192817-192902

Sentence

denotes

The blood analysis showed moderate leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and increased SRE.

TextSentencer_T1609

192903-192978

Sentence

denotes

The serological markers of hepatitis A, B, C, D were negative in all cases.

T96055

192903-192978

Sentence

denotes

The serological markers of hepatitis A, B, C, D were negative in all cases.

TextSentencer_T1610

192979-193016

Sentence

denotes

HSV-1 and -2 were found in the blood.

T67741

192979-193016

Sentence

denotes

HSV-1 and -2 were found in the blood.

TextSentencer_T1611

193017-193190

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis was defined by the results of hystochemical investigations, when the viruses were found in liver bioptat, and confirmed with the results of specific treatment.

T39610

193017-193190

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis was defined by the results of hystochemical investigations, when the viruses were found in liver bioptat, and confirmed with the results of specific treatment.

TextSentencer_T1612

193191-193291

Sentence

denotes

Specific damage of liver cells was found: protein dystrophy and specific inclusions in cell nucleus.

T40350

193191-193291

Sentence

denotes

Specific damage of liver cells was found: protein dystrophy and specific inclusions in cell nucleus.

TextSentencer_T1613

193292-193345

Sentence

denotes

In all cases the treatment with acyclovir were given.

T56641

193292-193345

Sentence

denotes

In all cases the treatment with acyclovir were given.

TextSentencer_T1614

193346-193490

Sentence

denotes

The results we have observed during 1st week: the temperature became normal, the jaundice decreased and bilirubin was normal during 5 Á/10 days.

T32622

193346-193490

Sentence

denotes

The results we have observed during 1st week: the temperature became normal, the jaundice decreased and bilirubin was normal during 5 Á/10 days.

TextSentencer_T1615

193491-193557

Sentence

denotes

In one case the recidive took place 2 weeks later after treatment.

T91700

193491-193557

Sentence

denotes

In one case the recidive took place 2 weeks later after treatment.

TextSentencer_T1616

193558-193621

Sentence

denotes

The second course of acyclovir with Intron A gave good results.

T63324

193558-193621

Sentence

denotes

The second course of acyclovir with Intron A gave good results.

TextSentencer_T1617

193622-193885

Sentence

denotes

Nesic Z a , Delic D b , Prostran M a , Vuckovic S a , Stojanovic R a . a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia , b Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute for Infection and Tropical Disease, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

T3748

193622-193885

Sentence

denotes

Nesic Z a , Delic D b , Prostran M a , Vuckovic S a , Stojanovic R a . a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia , b Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute for Infection and Tropical Disease, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

TextSentencer_T1618

193886-193989

Sentence

denotes

The large number of unsolved cases of acute and chronic hepatitis has most probably the viral etiology.

T13246

193886-193989

Sentence

denotes

The large number of unsolved cases of acute and chronic hepatitis has most probably the viral etiology.

TextSentencer_T1619

193990-194133

Sentence

denotes

In mid 1990s, two independent groups of authors reported a new human hepatotropic virus, with flavivirus like genomes, hepatitis G virus (HGV).

T89243

193990-194133

Sentence

denotes

In mid 1990s, two independent groups of authors reported a new human hepatotropic virus, with flavivirus like genomes, hepatitis G virus (HGV).

TextSentencer_T1620

194134-194399

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this pilot study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis G viral infection among patients at high risk of exposure to blood and blood products, as well as to evaluate if the risk of HGV infection was higher among them than in the general population.

T55150

194134-194399

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this pilot study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis G viral infection among patients at high risk of exposure to blood and blood products, as well as to evaluate if the risk of HGV infection was higher among them than in the general population.

TextSentencer_T1621

194400-194596

Sentence

denotes

Immunoenzyme test on microtitration plate for detection antibodies against HGV E2 antigen in plasma or sera (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) was used for evidencing anti-HGV IgG antibodies in sera.

T66694

194400-194596

Sentence

denotes

Immunoenzyme test on microtitration plate for detection antibodies against HGV E2 antigen in plasma or sera (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) was used for evidencing anti-HGV IgG antibodies in sera.

TextSentencer_T1622

194597-194691

Sentence

denotes

Anti-HGV antibodies were detected in the control group (blood donors) in 8.3% (2/24) patients.

T86745

194597-194691

Sentence

denotes

Anti-HGV antibodies were detected in the control group (blood donors) in 8.3% (2/24) patients.

TextSentencer_T1623

194692-194964

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of anti-HGV antibodies among i.v. drug users was evidenced in 42.8% (9//21), in hemophiliacs 41.2% (7/17), in patients acquiring multiple blood transfusion 42.8% (3/7), in hemodialyzed patients 33.3% (4/12) and in patients with transplanted organs 57.14% (4/7).

T54451

194692-194964

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of anti-HGV antibodies among i.v. drug users was evidenced in 42.8% (9//21), in hemophiliacs 41.2% (7/17), in patients acquiring multiple blood transfusion 42.8% (3/7), in hemodialyzed patients 33.3% (4/12) and in patients with transplanted organs 57.14% (4/7).

TextSentencer_T1624

194965-195094

Sentence

denotes

Our results suggest that patients exposed to blood or blood products have a higher risk of HGV infection than general population.

T38428

194965-195094

Sentence

denotes

Our results suggest that patients exposed to blood or blood products have a higher risk of HGV infection than general population.

TextSentencer_T1625

195095-195213

Sentence

denotes

Evaluation of Ortho Total HCV Core antigen assay in assessment and follow-up of patients treated for chronic HCV PS162

T84718

195095-195213

Sentence

denotes

Evaluation of Ortho Total HCV Core antigen assay in assessment and follow-up of patients treated for chronic HCV PS162

TextSentencer_T1626

195214-195242

Sentence

denotes

Lunel F, Veillon P, Payan C.

T30355

195214-195242

Sentence

denotes

Lunel F, Veillon P, Payan C.

TextSentencer_T1627

195243-195455

Sentence

denotes

CHU Angers, Laboratoire de Bactério-Virologie, Angers, France An assay to quantitate 'Total' HVC Core antigen (HCV Ag) in serum or plasma, may reflect viral load, has been developed by Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics.

T94385

195243-195455

Sentence

denotes

CHU Angers, Laboratoire de Bactério-Virologie, Angers, France An assay to quantitate 'Total' HVC Core antigen (HCV Ag) in serum or plasma, may reflect viral load, has been developed by Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics.

TextSentencer_T1628

195456-195464

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T72128

195456-195464

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1629

195465-195568

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated HCV Ag with two quantitative assays for HCV RNA: bDNA 3.0 (Bayer) and Monitor 2.0 (Roche).

T32755

195465-195568

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated HCV Ag with two quantitative assays for HCV RNA: bDNA 3.0 (Bayer) and Monitor 2.0 (Roche).

TextSentencer_T1630

195569-195693

Sentence

denotes

We studied 191 samples from untreated patients and 237 from 144 patients with chronic HCV treated with IFN or IFN/Ribavirin.

T18840

195569-195693

Sentence

denotes

We studied 191 samples from untreated patients and 237 from 144 patients with chronic HCV treated with IFN or IFN/Ribavirin.

TextSentencer_T1631

195694-195702

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T59217

195694-195702

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1632

195703-195803

Sentence

denotes

Correlation of Ag and quantitative assays was high (r0/ 0.85 for bDNA 3.0 and 0.83 for Monitor 2.0).

T54279

195703-195803

Sentence

denotes

Correlation of Ag and quantitative assays was high (r0/ 0.85 for bDNA 3.0 and 0.83 for Monitor 2.0).

TextSentencer_T1633

195804-195898

Sentence

denotes

No difference between the levels of RNA and Ag among HCV genotypes (r0/0.82 Á/0.96) was found.

T94771

195804-195898

Sentence

denotes

No difference between the levels of RNA and Ag among HCV genotypes (r0/0.82 Á/0.96) was found.

TextSentencer_T1634

195899-196037

Sentence

denotes

Ag values, before treatment, were significantly lower in sustained responders (SR) than in other groups (5.4 log versus 6 log, P B/0.001).

T24412

195899-196037

Sentence

denotes

Ag values, before treatment, were significantly lower in sustained responders (SR) than in other groups (5.4 log versus 6 log, P B/0.001).

TextSentencer_T1635

196038-196177

Sentence

denotes

In patients treated with IFN or combination therapy, we found very good correlation between decrease and negativation of Ag and viral load:

T15799

196038-196177

Sentence

denotes

In patients treated with IFN or combination therapy, we found very good correlation between decrease and negativation of Ag and viral load:

TextSentencer_T1636

196178-196289

Sentence

denotes

2 log IU/ml decline after M1 of interferon was significantly correlated with the negativation of HCV Ag and SR.

T56446

196178-196289

Sentence

denotes

2 log IU/ml decline after M1 of interferon was significantly correlated with the negativation of HCV Ag and SR.

TextSentencer_T1637

196290-196399

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-eight/41 of SR had a RNA load decrease !/2 log IU/ml and 39/ 41 had a negativation of HCV Ag after M1.

T90227

196290-196399

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-eight/41 of SR had a RNA load decrease !/2 log IU/ml and 39/ 41 had a negativation of HCV Ag after M1.

TextSentencer_T1638

196400-196411

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T52670

196400-196411

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1639

196412-196498

Sentence

denotes

Total HCV Core Ag appears to be a new tool for monitoring patients with HCV infection.

T80016

196412-196498

Sentence

denotes

Total HCV Core Ag appears to be a new tool for monitoring patients with HCV infection.

TextSentencer_T1640

196499-196876

Sentence

denotes

Hepatitis C virus RNA and HCV Core antigen kinetics predict the efficiency of interferon-alfa and ribavirin therapy in naive patients infected by HCV genotype 2 or 3 PS163 Fifty-five patients infected by genotype 2 or 3 were treated with a primary dose of 3 (if hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA B/3 Meq/ml) or 6 million units of interferon alfa-2b (IFN) thrice weekly for 12 months.

T85850

196499-196876

Sentence

denotes

Hepatitis C virus RNA and HCV Core antigen kinetics predict the efficiency of interferon-alfa and ribavirin therapy in naive patients infected by HCV genotype 2 or 3 PS163 Fifty-five patients infected by genotype 2 or 3 were treated with a primary dose of 3 (if hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA B/3 Meq/ml) or 6 million units of interferon alfa-2b (IFN) thrice weekly for 12 months.

TextSentencer_T1641

196877-196969

Sentence

denotes

Ribavirin was added at month 3 (M), until M12 if HCV RNA was found positive after M2 of IFN.

T37325

196877-196969

Sentence

denotes

Ribavirin was added at month 3 (M), until M12 if HCV RNA was found positive after M2 of IFN.

TextSentencer_T1642

196970-197186

Sentence

denotes

The viral kinetic was assessed during the follow up by serial measurements of HCV RNA (bDNA 3.0 and Monitor 2.0) and using a new assay from Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics which is able to quantify total HCV core antigen.

T77882

196970-197186

Sentence

denotes

The viral kinetic was assessed during the follow up by serial measurements of HCV RNA (bDNA 3.0 and Monitor 2.0) and using a new assay from Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics which is able to quantify total HCV core antigen.

TextSentencer_T1643

197187-197260

Sentence

denotes

Sustained virologic response was observed in 65% of the patients (36/55).

T49964

197187-197260

Sentence

denotes

Sustained virologic response was observed in 65% of the patients (36/55).

TextSentencer_T1644

197261-197568

Sentence

denotes

After 1 month of IFN treatment, sustained responders had a fall of HCV RNA and HCV Core antigen higher than non-responders (4.339/1.84 log UI/ml versus 0.159/0.31 log UI/ml, P B/0.001, for HCV RNA) and (1.689/ 0.89 log (pg/ml)/10 000) versus 0.179/0.18 log (pg/ml)/10 000) P B/ 0.001, for HCV Core antigen).

T44281

197261-197568

Sentence

denotes

After 1 month of IFN treatment, sustained responders had a fall of HCV RNA and HCV Core antigen higher than non-responders (4.339/1.84 log UI/ml versus 0.159/0.31 log UI/ml, P B/0.001, for HCV RNA) and (1.689/ 0.89 log (pg/ml)/10 000) versus 0.179/0.18 log (pg/ml)/10 000) P B/ 0.001, for HCV Core antigen).

TextSentencer_T1645

197569-197768

Sentence

denotes

After 1 month of IFN, the Positive and Negative Predictive Values of sustained response were, respectively, 100 and 17.4% for HCV RNA negativation and 97.5 and 37.5% for HCV antigenemia negativation.

T12734

197569-197768

Sentence

denotes

After 1 month of IFN, the Positive and Negative Predictive Values of sustained response were, respectively, 100 and 17.4% for HCV RNA negativation and 97.5 and 37.5% for HCV antigenemia negativation.

TextSentencer_T1646

197769-197884

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest that both kinetics of viral load and antigenemia are highly predictive of sustained response.

T9025

197769-197884

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest that both kinetics of viral load and antigenemia are highly predictive of sustained response.

TextSentencer_T1647

197885-197997

Sentence

denotes

Theodorou M, Petinelli I, Pontikaki D, Mela C, Blana A, Papanastasiou A, Toliopoulos A, Stavrakaki M, Sagkana E.

T76289

197885-197997

Sentence

denotes

Theodorou M, Petinelli I, Pontikaki D, Mela C, Blana A, Papanastasiou A, Toliopoulos A, Stavrakaki M, Sagkana E.

TextSentencer_T1648

197998-198078

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology Department, Western Attika General Hospital, Greece, Egaleo, Greece

T54351

197998-198078

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology Department, Western Attika General Hospital, Greece, Egaleo, Greece

TextSentencer_T1649

198079-198142

Sentence

denotes

Greece has accepted a big number of economic immigrants lately.

T62073

198079-198142

Sentence

denotes

Greece has accepted a big number of economic immigrants lately.

TextSentencer_T1650

198143-198269

Sentence

denotes

We investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B/C as well as the epidemiological features that might influence the public health.

T59845

198143-198269

Sentence

denotes

We investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B/C as well as the epidemiological features that might influence the public health.

TextSentencer_T1651

198270-198301

Sentence

denotes

1.235 economic immigrants from:

T55185

198270-198301

Sentence

denotes

1.235 economic immigrants from:

TextSentencer_T1652

198302-198471

Sentence

denotes

Albania 630, Eastern Europe 411 and from Asiatic-African countries 194, visited our hospital to be checked in order to get a health certificate to obtain the green card.

T8137

198302-198471

Sentence

denotes

Albania 630, Eastern Europe 411 and from Asiatic-African countries 194, visited our hospital to be checked in order to get a health certificate to obtain the green card.

TextSentencer_T1653

198472-198508

Sentence

denotes

They where tested for hepatitis B/C.

T25473

198472-198508

Sentence

denotes

They where tested for hepatitis B/C.

TextSentencer_T1654

198509-198575

Sentence

denotes

The serological markers were determined by immunoenzymatic method.

T51455

198509-198575

Sentence

denotes

The serological markers were determined by immunoenzymatic method.

TextSentencer_T1655

198576-198669

Sentence

denotes

All HbsAg('/) and anti-HCV were further tested for HBV DNA and HCV RNA by competitive RT PCR.

T92510

198576-198669

Sentence

denotes

All HbsAg('/) and anti-HCV were further tested for HBV DNA and HCV RNA by competitive RT PCR.

TextSentencer_T1656

198670-198732

Sentence

denotes

HCV RNA('/) were genotyped by strip hybridization immunoassay.

T61826

198670-198732

Sentence

denotes

HCV RNA('/) were genotyped by strip hybridization immunoassay.

TextSentencer_T1657

198733-198830

Sentence

denotes

In 630 Albanians 17.5% were HbsAg('/), 14.6% HBV DNA('/), 1.1% anti-HCV('/) and 0.8% HCV RNA('/).

T32517

198733-198830

Sentence

denotes

In 630 Albanians 17.5% were HbsAg('/), 14.6% HBV DNA('/), 1.1% anti-HCV('/) and 0.8% HCV RNA('/).

TextSentencer_T1658

198831-198928

Sentence

denotes

In 411 East Europeans 5.1% were HbsAg('/), 4.4% HBV DNA('/), 2.43% anti-HCV('/) and 1.9% HCV RNA.

T7002

198831-198928

Sentence

denotes

In 411 East Europeans 5.1% were HbsAg('/), 4.4% HBV DNA('/), 2.43% anti-HCV('/) and 1.9% HCV RNA.

TextSentencer_T1659

198929-198992

Sentence

denotes

In 194 Asians-Africans, 2.6% were HbsAg('/) and 2% HBV DNA('/).

T33684

198929-198992

Sentence

denotes

In 194 Asians-Africans, 2.6% were HbsAg('/) and 2% HBV DNA('/).

TextSentencer_T1660

198993-199058

Sentence

denotes

In 101 Pakistanis, 26.7% were anti-HCV('/) and 22.0% HCV RNA('/).

T62412

198993-199058

Sentence

denotes

In 101 Pakistanis, 26.7% were anti-HCV('/) and 22.0% HCV RNA('/).

TextSentencer_T1661

199059-199137

Sentence

denotes

Of the rest of Asians-Africans, 11.82% were anti-HCV('/) and 9.3% HCV RNA('/).

T85324

199059-199137

Sentence

denotes

Of the rest of Asians-Africans, 11.82% were anti-HCV('/) and 9.3% HCV RNA('/).

TextSentencer_T1662

199138-199192

Sentence

denotes

Albanians: higher prevalence of HBV infection (14.6%).

T89749

199138-199192

Sentence

denotes

Albanians: higher prevalence of HBV infection (14.6%).

TextSentencer_T1663

199193-199212

Sentence

denotes

Greek blood donors:

T17495

199193-199212

Sentence

denotes

Greek blood donors:

TextSentencer_T1664

199213-199301

Sentence

denotes

1% Pakistanis: HCV infection is 22% (predominance of 3a type), General Greek population:

T48202

199213-199301

Sentence

denotes

1% Pakistanis: HCV infection is 22% (predominance of 3a type), General Greek population:

TextSentencer_T1665

199302-199305

Sentence

denotes

2%.

T53445

199302-199305

Sentence

denotes

2%.

TextSentencer_T1666

199306-199381

Sentence

denotes

Public health services in Greece and Europe must take appropriate measures.

T27692

199306-199381

Sentence

denotes

Public health services in Greece and Europe must take appropriate measures.

TextSentencer_T1667

199382-199574

Sentence

denotes

El Zawawy LA a , Mohamed ON b , Ali SM a , Eissa ME a , Allam SR a . a Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology, Alexandria, Egypt , b High Institute of Public Health, Microbiology, Alexandria, Egypt

T63481

199382-199574

Sentence

denotes

El Zawawy LA a , Mohamed ON b , Ali SM a , Eissa ME a , Allam SR a . a Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology, Alexandria, Egypt , b High Institute of Public Health, Microbiology, Alexandria, Egypt

TextSentencer_T1668

199575-199798

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of schistosomal suppression on the antibody response to hepatitis-B vaccine (HBV) and to study if the vaccine has any protective effect on experimental () infection.

T36581

199575-199798

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of schistosomal suppression on the antibody response to hepatitis-B vaccine (HBV) and to study if the vaccine has any protective effect on experimental () infection.

TextSentencer_T1669

199799-199889

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained revealed that infection reduced the serum antibody level against HBV.

T96298

199799-199889

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained revealed that infection reduced the serum antibody level against HBV.

TextSentencer_T1670

199890-199985

Sentence

denotes

Parasitological and histopathological findings showed significant protection against infection.

T73263

199890-199985

Sentence

denotes

Parasitological and histopathological findings showed significant protection against infection.

TextSentencer_T1671

199986-200269

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached was; in order to reduce the incidence of virus-B infection especially in schistosomiasis endemic areas, public health officials should evaluate a policy for regulation of HBV booster vaccination to enhance the population immunity against hepatitis-B infection.

T29956

199986-200269

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached was; in order to reduce the incidence of virus-B infection especially in schistosomiasis endemic areas, public health officials should evaluate a policy for regulation of HBV booster vaccination to enhance the population immunity against hepatitis-B infection.

TextSentencer_T1672

200270-200302

Sentence

denotes

Cooper E, Fisher T, Shingadia D.

T78685

200270-200302

Sentence

denotes

Cooper E, Fisher T, Shingadia D.

TextSentencer_T1673

200303-200535

Sentence

denotes

Newham General Hospital, Family Clinic, London, UK Sustained anti-retroviral combination chemotherapy requires excellent adherence to the regimen so as to suppress viral replication sufficiently to delay the emergence of resistance.

T29336

200303-200535

Sentence

denotes

Newham General Hospital, Family Clinic, London, UK Sustained anti-retroviral combination chemotherapy requires excellent adherence to the regimen so as to suppress viral replication sufficiently to delay the emergence of resistance.

TextSentencer_T1674

200536-200660

Sentence

denotes

If chemotherapy were taken to scale, e.g. in Africa, erratic adherence might soon lead to multi-resistant circulating virus.

T84033

200536-200660

Sentence

denotes

If chemotherapy were taken to scale, e.g. in Africa, erratic adherence might soon lead to multi-resistant circulating virus.

TextSentencer_T1675

200661-200770

Sentence

denotes

We reviewed our experience in a well established London family clinic with a team including community nurses.

T93788

200661-200770

Sentence

denotes

We reviewed our experience in a well established London family clinic with a team including community nurses.

TextSentencer_T1676

200771-200918

Sentence

denotes

We reviewed the records of the 23 African immigrant children, aged 2 Á/14, treated with anti-retrovirals exclusively at our centre throughout 2001.

T90867

200771-200918

Sentence

denotes

We reviewed the records of the 23 African immigrant children, aged 2 Á/14, treated with anti-retrovirals exclusively at our centre throughout 2001.

TextSentencer_T1677

200919-201023

Sentence

denotes

Whereas 14 had undetectable HIV RNA within the year, only four had undetectable RNA throughout the year.

T99925

200919-201023

Sentence

denotes

Whereas 14 had undetectable HIV RNA within the year, only four had undetectable RNA throughout the year.

TextSentencer_T1678

201024-201201

Sentence

denotes

Four failed therapy through proven resistance mutations, but nine were considered through circumstantial evidence to have rising viral loads primarily because of poor adherence.

T38452

201024-201201

Sentence

denotes

Four failed therapy through proven resistance mutations, but nine were considered through circumstantial evidence to have rising viral loads primarily because of poor adherence.

TextSentencer_T1679

201202-201269

Sentence

denotes

Three were known to have stopped taking drugs for extended periods.

T27199

201202-201269

Sentence

denotes

Three were known to have stopped taking drugs for extended periods.

TextSentencer_T1680

201270-201383

Sentence

denotes

The three boys over 11 years were unreliable in adherence, but the one girl in this age-group was fully adherent.

T38561

201270-201383

Sentence

denotes

The three boys over 11 years were unreliable in adherence, but the one girl in this age-group was fully adherent.

TextSentencer_T1681

201384-201638

Sentence

denotes

Our preliminary assessment is that for the children in our families, despite a team approach and home visits, nonadherence to HAART may be twice as common as selection of a dominant viral mutant as a primary cause of failure to sustain viral suppression.

T72712

201384-201638

Sentence

denotes

Our preliminary assessment is that for the children in our families, despite a team approach and home visits, nonadherence to HAART may be twice as common as selection of a dominant viral mutant as a primary cause of failure to sustain viral suppression.

TextSentencer_T1682

201639-201700

Sentence

denotes

Quiros-Roldan E, Moretti F, Castelli F, El-Hamad I, Carosi G.

T7047

201639-201700

Sentence

denotes

Quiros-Roldan E, Moretti F, Castelli F, El-Hamad I, Carosi G.

TextSentencer_T1683

201701-201833

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of HIV related lipodystrophy-syndrome depending on the definition and severity of lipodystrophy ranges from 5 to 80%.

T44340

201701-201833

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of HIV related lipodystrophy-syndrome depending on the definition and severity of lipodystrophy ranges from 5 to 80%.

TextSentencer_T1684

201834-201919

Sentence

denotes

We have retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 58 African patients followed.

T3186

201834-201919

Sentence

denotes

We have retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 58 African patients followed.

TextSentencer_T1685

201920-202078

Sentence

denotes

The characteristics are shown in The 3.4% of Africans had triglycerides !/200 mg/ml and 1.7% had cholesterol !/250 mg/ml, none had both metabolic alterations.

T62589

201920-202078

Sentence

denotes

The characteristics are shown in The 3.4% of Africans had triglycerides !/200 mg/ml and 1.7% had cholesterol !/250 mg/ml, none had both metabolic alterations.

TextSentencer_T1686

202079-202130

Sentence

denotes

Glycemia !/120 mg/ml was observed in 8.6% patients.

T76481

202079-202130

Sentence

denotes

Glycemia !/120 mg/ml was observed in 8.6% patients.

TextSentencer_T1687

202131-202254

Sentence

denotes

It is interesting highlight that in any the Africans morphological changes were noted and all of them showed weight stable.

T31872

202131-202254

Sentence

denotes

It is interesting highlight that in any the Africans morphological changes were noted and all of them showed weight stable.

TextSentencer_T1688

202255-202502

Sentence

denotes

Although the low prevalence of metabolic alterations may be attributed to the different ethnic alimentary behavior if self-body perception by African is not as accurate as by caucasian on the estimation of the body changes have to be investigated.

T3015

202255-202502

Sentence

denotes

Although the low prevalence of metabolic alterations may be attributed to the different ethnic alimentary behavior if self-body perception by African is not as accurate as by caucasian on the estimation of the body changes have to be investigated.

TextSentencer_T1689

202503-202731

Sentence

denotes

Alabaz D a , Alhan E a , Yaman A b , Evliyaoglu N a , Kocabas E a , Aksaray N a . a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey , b Department of Microbiology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

T51484

202503-202731

Sentence

denotes

Alabaz D a , Alhan E a , Yaman A b , Evliyaoglu N a , Kocabas E a , Aksaray N a . a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey , b Department of Microbiology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

TextSentencer_T1690

202732-202802

Sentence

denotes

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is usually asymptomatic in children.

T92578

202732-202802

Sentence

denotes

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is usually asymptomatic in children.

TextSentencer_T1691

202803-202926

Sentence

denotes

However, it may occasionally cause a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality, and loss of school or business days.

T98696

202803-202926

Sentence

denotes

However, it may occasionally cause a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality, and loss of school or business days.

TextSentencer_T1692

202927-203086

Sentence

denotes

In a previous study, we have shown that every one of two to three school children from upper social classes living in Adana carries high risk of HAV infection.

T85069

202927-203086

Sentence

denotes

In a previous study, we have shown that every one of two to three school children from upper social classes living in Adana carries high risk of HAV infection.

TextSentencer_T1693

203087-203183

Sentence

denotes

It is well known that maternally transmitted anti-HAV antibodies interfere with HAV vaccination.

T47318

203087-203183

Sentence

denotes

It is well known that maternally transmitted anti-HAV antibodies interfere with HAV vaccination.

TextSentencer_T1694

203184-203426

Sentence

denotes

In an effort to determine the optimal age for HAV vaccination, 122 babies (52% girls and 48.5% boys) born in our hospital were prospectively followed up at least 24 months for the presence of maternal antibodies to hepatitis A (anti-HAV IgG).

T79324

203184-203426

Sentence

denotes

In an effort to determine the optimal age for HAV vaccination, 122 babies (52% girls and 48.5% boys) born in our hospital were prospectively followed up at least 24 months for the presence of maternal antibodies to hepatitis A (anti-HAV IgG).

TextSentencer_T1695

203427-203590

Sentence

denotes

Anti-HAV IgG titers were measured from the blood specimens obtained at birth from the mothers and from the offsprings at months, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24.

T66937

203427-203590

Sentence

denotes

Anti-HAV IgG titers were measured from the blood specimens obtained at birth from the mothers and from the offsprings at months, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24.

TextSentencer_T1696

203591-203727

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of positive anti-HAV at birth (95%) was similar to those of HAV seroprevalance studies carried out in adults in our area.

T98438

203591-203727

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of positive anti-HAV at birth (95%) was similar to those of HAV seroprevalance studies carried out in adults in our area.

TextSentencer_T1697

203728-203808

Sentence

denotes

The disappearance of antibodies occurred between the 1st and 21st month of life.

T83760

203728-203808

Sentence

denotes

The disappearance of antibodies occurred between the 1st and 21st month of life.

TextSentencer_T1698

203809-203934

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG among children aged 0, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 months were 95, 60, 32, 9, 4 and 0%, respectively.

T79272

203809-203934

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG among children aged 0, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 months were 95, 60, 32, 9, 4 and 0%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1699

203935-204035

Sentence

denotes

In light of these findings, we suggest that hepatitis A vaccination be given after 21 months of age.

T69558

203935-204035

Sentence

denotes

In light of these findings, we suggest that hepatitis A vaccination be given after 21 months of age.

TextSentencer_T1700

204036-204143

Sentence

denotes

Earlier vaccination may be ineffective due to interference with maternally transmitted anti-HAV antibodies.

T24843

204036-204143

Sentence

denotes

Earlier vaccination may be ineffective due to interference with maternally transmitted anti-HAV antibodies.

TextSentencer_T1701

204144-204187

Sentence

denotes

Ghaderi B, Alaghebandan R, Rastegar lari A.

T64094

204144-204187

Sentence

denotes

Ghaderi B, Alaghebandan R, Rastegar lari A.

TextSentencer_T1702

204188-204333

Sentence

denotes

Department of Microbiology, Iran University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Diarrhoea is a major public health problem in developing countries.

T37340

204188-204333

Sentence

denotes

Department of Microbiology, Iran University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Diarrhoea is a major public health problem in developing countries.

TextSentencer_T1703

204334-204433

Sentence

denotes

Amoebiasis is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea in Iran as an endemic area for amoebiasis.

T25237

204334-204433

Sentence

denotes

Amoebiasis is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea in Iran as an endemic area for amoebiasis.

TextSentencer_T1704

204434-204509

Sentence

denotes

Little, however, is known about the extent of the condition in our society.

T65770

204434-204509

Sentence

denotes

Little, however, is known about the extent of the condition in our society.

TextSentencer_T1705

204510-204634

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study is to determine socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with intestinal amoebiasis.

T83512

204510-204634

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study is to determine socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with intestinal amoebiasis.

TextSentencer_T1706

204635-204809

Sentence

denotes

During July and August 2001, we collected 90 patients with diarrhoea among 5000 patients who visited at a referral hospital in Shahriar area (in countryside of Tehran), Iran.

T49921

204635-204809

Sentence

denotes

During July and August 2001, we collected 90 patients with diarrhoea among 5000 patients who visited at a referral hospital in Shahriar area (in countryside of Tehran), Iran.

TextSentencer_T1707

204810-204939

Sentence

denotes

Thirty out of 90 patients (33%) had intestinal amoebiasis and were followed up prospectively until the resolution of the illness.

T23779

204810-204939

Sentence

denotes

Thirty out of 90 patients (33%) had intestinal amoebiasis and were followed up prospectively until the resolution of the illness.

TextSentencer_T1708

204940-205020

Sentence

denotes

Nineteen of 30 (63.3%) patients were male and the remaining of 36.7% was female.

T84209

204940-205020

Sentence

denotes

Nineteen of 30 (63.3%) patients were male and the remaining of 36.7% was female.

TextSentencer_T1709

205021-205075

Sentence

denotes

The patients were aged 1 Á/76 with mean of 28.4 years.

T98921

205021-205075

Sentence

denotes

The patients were aged 1 Á/76 with mean of 28.4 years.

TextSentencer_T1710

205076-205196

Sentence

denotes

Most of the patients (70%) were below 30 years of age and the peak of occurrence was between the age of 17 and 26 years.

T12544

205076-205196

Sentence

denotes

Most of the patients (70%) were below 30 years of age and the peak of occurrence was between the age of 17 and 26 years.

TextSentencer_T1711

205197-205266

Sentence

denotes

Watery diarrhoea with abdominal cramps was the main clinical feature.

T26375

205197-205266

Sentence

denotes

Watery diarrhoea with abdominal cramps was the main clinical feature.

TextSentencer_T1712

205267-205361

Sentence

denotes

Seventy percent of patients were resident in urban area and the remaining (30%) in rural area.

T56307

205267-205361

Sentence

denotes

Seventy percent of patients were resident in urban area and the remaining (30%) in rural area.

TextSentencer_T1713

205362-205441

Sentence

denotes

Average family income was low and all patients were in low socioeconomic level.

T71970

205362-205441

Sentence

denotes

Average family income was low and all patients were in low socioeconomic level.

TextSentencer_T1714

205442-205501

Sentence

denotes

Water supplying system for all patients was pipeline water.

T65912

205442-205501

Sentence

denotes

Water supplying system for all patients was pipeline water.

TextSentencer_T1715

205502-205647

Sentence

denotes

Low socioeconomic level associated with poor personal hygiene was the most important factor for highly prevalence of this problem in our society.

T61943

205502-205647

Sentence

denotes

Low socioeconomic level associated with poor personal hygiene was the most important factor for highly prevalence of this problem in our society.

TextSentencer_T1716

205648-205732

Sentence

denotes

Also it seems that food plays important role in transmission of protozoa then water.

T84617

205648-205732

Sentence

denotes

Also it seems that food plays important role in transmission of protozoa then water.

TextSentencer_T1717

205733-206026

Sentence

denotes

The new strategy for allele identification of the genes coding for pertactin and pertussis toxin subunit S1 in Bordetella pertussis PS170 Bordetella pertussis strains demonstrate a significant polymorphism in toxin S1 subunit and pertactin, which are major protective antigens of the organism.

T20741

205733-206026

Sentence

denotes

The new strategy for allele identification of the genes coding for pertactin and pertussis toxin subunit S1 in Bordetella pertussis PS170 Bordetella pertussis strains demonstrate a significant polymorphism in toxin S1 subunit and pertactin, which are major protective antigens of the organism.

TextSentencer_T1718

206027-206240

Sentence

denotes

Monitoring the changes in prevalence of particular alleles of genes coding for these proteins in local B. pertussis populations is an essential issue in cases of the observed decrease of vaccination effectiveness.

T40871

206027-206240

Sentence

denotes

Monitoring the changes in prevalence of particular alleles of genes coding for these proteins in local B. pertussis populations is an essential issue in cases of the observed decrease of vaccination effectiveness.

TextSentencer_T1719

206241-206363

Sentence

denotes

We have developed a new method for allele identification of these genes, which eliminates the necessity of DNA sequencing.

T18007

206241-206363

Sentence

denotes

We have developed a new method for allele identification of these genes, which eliminates the necessity of DNA sequencing.

TextSentencer_T1720

206364-206605

Sentence

denotes

The approach is based on the identification of the number of repeats or the presence of specific nucleotides in the polymorphic regions or residues, respectively, of the genes and utilises products of their full or partial PCR amplification.

T31674

206364-206605

Sentence

denotes

The approach is based on the identification of the number of repeats or the presence of specific nucleotides in the polymorphic regions or residues, respectively, of the genes and utilises products of their full or partial PCR amplification.

TextSentencer_T1721

206606-206796

Sentence

denotes

The nucleotide heterogeneity in each polymorphic site is analysed either by the differential digestion of the amplicons or by the ARMS (amplification-refractory mutation system) methodology.

T77805

206606-206796

Sentence

denotes

The nucleotide heterogeneity in each polymorphic site is analysed either by the differential digestion of the amplicons or by the ARMS (amplification-refractory mutation system) methodology.

TextSentencer_T1722

206797-206945

Sentence

denotes

Numbers of repeats in particular regions of the genes are revealed by the size analysis of the adequate PCR products or their restriction fragments.

T2000

206797-206945

Sentence

denotes

Numbers of repeats in particular regions of the genes are revealed by the size analysis of the adequate PCR products or their restriction fragments.

TextSentencer_T1723

206946-207064

Sentence

denotes

In all cases the presence, size or pattern of DNA molecules obtained is visualised by the agarose gel electrophoresis.

T26932

206946-207064

Sentence

denotes

In all cases the presence, size or pattern of DNA molecules obtained is visualised by the agarose gel electrophoresis.

TextSentencer_T1724

207065-207202

Sentence

denotes

The preliminary analysis of the recent and archival B. pertussis strains identified in Poland was performed using the described approach.

T22784

207065-207202

Sentence

denotes

The preliminary analysis of the recent and archival B. pertussis strains identified in Poland was performed using the described approach.

TextSentencer_T1725

207203-207367

Sentence

denotes

The presented strategy provides a much easier, faster and more cost-effective than DNA sequencing mean to study the polymorphism of the major B. pertussis antigens.

T17792

207203-207367

Sentence

denotes

The presented strategy provides a much easier, faster and more cost-effective than DNA sequencing mean to study the polymorphism of the major B. pertussis antigens.

TextSentencer_T1726

207368-207524

Sentence

denotes

Vaccination coverage and history of vaccine preventable infectious diseases among students in second year of medicine and pharmacy of tours university PS171

T52693

207368-207524

Sentence

denotes

Vaccination coverage and history of vaccine preventable infectious diseases among students in second year of medicine and pharmacy of tours university PS171

TextSentencer_T1727

207525-207667

Sentence

denotes

Borderon JC a , Hamed A b , Ragot S b . a Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Tours, France , b Médecine Préventive Universitaire, Tours, France

T26748

207525-207667

Sentence

denotes

Borderon JC a , Hamed A b , Ragot S b . a Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Tours, France , b Médecine Préventive Universitaire, Tours, France

TextSentencer_T1728

207668-207784

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of infectious risk in students who will be exposed to patients.

T27172

207668-207784

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of infectious risk in students who will be exposed to patients.

TextSentencer_T1729

207785-207949

Sentence

denotes

Information was obtained by a questionnaire for each student, and by checking medical records for immunization coverage and vaccine preventable infectious diseases.

T84003

207785-207949

Sentence

denotes

Information was obtained by a questionnaire for each student, and by checking medical records for immunization coverage and vaccine preventable infectious diseases.

TextSentencer_T1730

207950-208035

Sentence

denotes

Answers could be specified for 138 students, of whom 97 females (F) and 41 males (M).

T66488

207950-208035

Sentence

denotes

Answers could be specified for 138 students, of whom 97 females (F) and 41 males (M).

TextSentencer_T1731

208036-208189

Sentence

denotes

The number of non-immunized students was against diphtheria: two, tetanus: three, pertussis: four, poliomyelitis: two, hepatitis B: six, and hepatitis A:

T13888

208036-208189

Sentence

denotes

The number of non-immunized students was against diphtheria: two, tetanus: three, pertussis: four, poliomyelitis: two, hepatitis B: six, and hepatitis A:

TextSentencer_T1732

208190-208208

Sentence

denotes

127, respectively.

T255

208190-208208

Sentence

denotes

127, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1733

208209-208317

Sentence

denotes

Among the 52 students non-vaccinated against measles, 14 (nine F and five M) had no history of that disease.

T64803

208209-208317

Sentence

denotes

Among the 52 students non-vaccinated against measles, 14 (nine F and five M) had no history of that disease.

TextSentencer_T1734

208318-208473

Sentence

denotes

Among 56 (31 F and 25 M) non-vaccinated against rubella, 17 (10 F and seven M) had no history of that disease, uncertain in seven others (six F and one M).

T85701

208318-208473

Sentence

denotes

Among 56 (31 F and 25 M) non-vaccinated against rubella, 17 (10 F and seven M) had no history of that disease, uncertain in seven others (six F and one M).

TextSentencer_T1735

208474-208539

Sentence

denotes

The date of vaccination was often late regarding recommendations.

T35463

208474-208539

Sentence

denotes

The date of vaccination was often late regarding recommendations.

TextSentencer_T1736

208540-208585

Sentence

denotes

Fifteen students had no history of varicella.

T18803

208540-208585

Sentence

denotes

Fifteen students had no history of varicella.

TextSentencer_T1737

208586-208631

Sentence

denotes

One student had not received BCG vaccination.

T22669

208586-208631

Sentence

denotes

One student had not received BCG vaccination.

TextSentencer_T1738

208632-208697

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-eight students had received two, and 14 three BCG vaccines.

T78610

208632-208697

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-eight students had received two, and 14 three BCG vaccines.

TextSentencer_T1739

208698-208789

Sentence

denotes

Post-BCG tuberculin skin testing was missing after 28 first BCG, 14 second and 3 third BCG.

T58055

208698-208789

Sentence

denotes

Post-BCG tuberculin skin testing was missing after 28 first BCG, 14 second and 3 third BCG.

TextSentencer_T1740

208790-208881

Sentence

denotes

The date of the first tuberculin test was often one or several years after BCG vaccination.

T86611

208790-208881

Sentence

denotes

The date of the first tuberculin test was often one or several years after BCG vaccination.

TextSentencer_T1741

208882-209027

Sentence

denotes

Adverse effects of vaccination were rarely reported: two cases of fever (DT polio, measles); three cases of local reaction (DT polio, DTP polio).

T19122

208882-209027

Sentence

denotes

Adverse effects of vaccination were rarely reported: two cases of fever (DT polio, measles); three cases of local reaction (DT polio, DTP polio).

TextSentencer_T1742

209028-209092

Sentence

denotes

One case of contraindication for influenza vaccine: egg allergy.

T18257

209028-209092

Sentence

denotes

One case of contraindication for influenza vaccine: egg allergy.

TextSentencer_T1743

209093-209188

Sentence

denotes

The survey shows failure in immunization coverage actually recommended in health care students.

T72918

209093-209188

Sentence

denotes

The survey shows failure in immunization coverage actually recommended in health care students.

TextSentencer_T1744

209189-209200

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T36990

209189-209200

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T1745

209201-209305

Sentence

denotes

To present the morbidity of rabies and evaluate the efficiency of our prophylaxis scheme in Lasi county.

T77499

209201-209305

Sentence

denotes

To present the morbidity of rabies and evaluate the efficiency of our prophylaxis scheme in Lasi county.

TextSentencer_T1746

209306-209326

Sentence

denotes

Material and method:

T83239

209306-209326

Sentence

denotes

Material and method:

TextSentencer_T1747

209327-209436

Sentence

denotes

We made a retrospective study of the rabies cases in the patients admitted in our unit in a 13th-year period.

T12018

209327-209436

Sentence

denotes

We made a retrospective study of the rabies cases in the patients admitted in our unit in a 13th-year period.

TextSentencer_T1748

209437-209511

Sentence

denotes

We have analysed all the clinical, epidemiological and biological aspects.

T82708

209437-209511

Sentence

denotes

We have analysed all the clinical, epidemiological and biological aspects.

TextSentencer_T1749

209512-209520

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T27460

209512-209520

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1750

209521-209625

Sentence

denotes

In a 30-year period, 22 cases of rabies were admitted in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital Lasi.

T73498

209521-209625

Sentence

denotes

In a 30-year period, 22 cases of rabies were admitted in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital Lasi.

TextSentencer_T1751

209626-209748

Sentence

denotes

The highest incidence was for 1986 Á/1990 */eight cases (36%); the highest yearly cases were three cases in 1974 and 1986.

T52533

209626-209748

Sentence

denotes

The highest incidence was for 1986 Á/1990 */eight cases (36%); the highest yearly cases were three cases in 1974 and 1986.

TextSentencer_T1752

209749-209826

Sentence

denotes

Most of the patients were male (59%), came from suburban areas (21 patients).

T16845

209749-209826

Sentence

denotes

Most of the patients were male (59%), came from suburban areas (21 patients).

TextSentencer_T1753

209827-209920

Sentence

denotes

Eight cases occurred in May Á/June, wild animals were involved in half the cases (fox, wolf).

T830

209827-209920

Sentence

denotes

Eight cases occurred in May Á/June, wild animals were involved in half the cases (fox, wolf).

TextSentencer_T1754

209921-210006

Sentence

denotes

For 18 patients, no prophylaxis was performed and an incomplete course in four cases.

T42572

209921-210006

Sentence

denotes

For 18 patients, no prophylaxis was performed and an incomplete course in four cases.

TextSentencer_T1755

210007-210083

Sentence

denotes

The period of time to the appearance of the first symptom was 18 Á/120 days.

T44331

210007-210083

Sentence

denotes

The period of time to the appearance of the first symptom was 18 Á/120 days.

TextSentencer_T1756

210084-210132

Sentence

denotes

The prophylaxis scheme led to a good protection.

T2229

210084-210132

Sentence

denotes

The prophylaxis scheme led to a good protection.

TextSentencer_T1757

210133-210145

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T36302

210133-210145

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1758

210146-210214

Sentence

denotes

In Lasi county, rabies is a problem with a prevalence of 0.73%/year.

T88805

210146-210214

Sentence

denotes

In Lasi county, rabies is a problem with a prevalence of 0.73%/year.

TextSentencer_T1759

210215-210283

Sentence

denotes

Trends in the use of antimicrobials in Riyadh in 2000 were analyzed.

T90808

210215-210283

Sentence

denotes

Trends in the use of antimicrobials in Riyadh in 2000 were analyzed.

TextSentencer_T1760

210284-210414

Sentence

denotes

Data was obtained from a survey of 652 randomly selected families of school children aged 6 Á/8 years in a 3-month period in 2000.

T38152

210284-210414

Sentence

denotes

Data was obtained from a survey of 652 randomly selected families of school children aged 6 Á/8 years in a 3-month period in 2000.

TextSentencer_T1761

210415-210708

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and ninety-nine (33.8%) students were on antibiotics in the month preceding the study; 108 (56%) received antibiotics for the diagnosis of pharyngitis; 177 (90%) students antibiotics were prescribed by a physician; and in 161 (83%) the duration of antibiotics was less than 1 week.

T84981

210415-210708

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and ninety-nine (33.8%) students were on antibiotics in the month preceding the study; 108 (56%) received antibiotics for the diagnosis of pharyngitis; 177 (90%) students antibiotics were prescribed by a physician; and in 161 (83%) the duration of antibiotics was less than 1 week.

TextSentencer_T1762

210709-210945

Sentence

denotes

This study shows a major problem in antibiotics prescription in our community and also the need to establish effective antibiotics policy in general practice to limit the potential emergence of drug resistance bacteria in the community.

T28027

210709-210945

Sentence

denotes

This study shows a major problem in antibiotics prescription in our community and also the need to establish effective antibiotics policy in general practice to limit the potential emergence of drug resistance bacteria in the community.

TextSentencer_T1763

210946-211290

Sentence

denotes

Mir S a , Cura A a , Erdogan H a , Guler S a , Sengul GN a , Koyu A a , Ozinel MA b . a Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey , b Department of Microbiology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey Antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of childhood urinary tract infection agents are geographical variation.

T23925

210946-211290

Sentence

denotes

Mir S a , Cura A a , Erdogan H a , Guler S a , Sengul GN a , Koyu A a , Ozinel MA b . a Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey , b Department of Microbiology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey Antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of childhood urinary tract infection agents are geographical variation.

TextSentencer_T1764

211291-211408

Sentence

denotes

The current antibiotic regimens and the selection of antibiotics for prophylaxis should be re-evaluated periodically.

T15883

211291-211408

Sentence

denotes

The current antibiotic regimens and the selection of antibiotics for prophylaxis should be re-evaluated periodically.

TextSentencer_T1765

211409-211569

Sentence

denotes

The objective of our study was to determine the local resistance rates to antibiotics and to give a direction for the selection of antibiotics in UTI treatment.

T49314

211409-211569

Sentence

denotes

The objective of our study was to determine the local resistance rates to antibiotics and to give a direction for the selection of antibiotics in UTI treatment.

TextSentencer_T1766

211570-211826

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated 4124 urinary culture assays retrospectively, sent from Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery inpatient and outpatient clinics of our hospital during the last 6 months, and investigated the isolated pathogens and the resistance rates to antibiotics.

T81927

211570-211826

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated 4124 urinary culture assays retrospectively, sent from Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery inpatient and outpatient clinics of our hospital during the last 6 months, and investigated the isolated pathogens and the resistance rates to antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T1767

211827-211892

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the data obtained were compared with of 5 years ago.

T83598

211827-211892

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the data obtained were compared with of 5 years ago.

TextSentencer_T1768

211893-212206

Sentence

denotes

With respect to the resistance rates to antibiotics of UTI pathogens, the resistance rates of E. coli for carbapenems, aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporins were 1, 10 and 10%, respectively as before, but the rates for ampicillin increased from 67 to 75% and for TMP-SMX it increased from 49 to 61%.

T98014

211893-212206

Sentence

denotes

With respect to the resistance rates to antibiotics of UTI pathogens, the resistance rates of E. coli for carbapenems, aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporins were 1, 10 and 10%, respectively as before, but the rates for ampicillin increased from 67 to 75% and for TMP-SMX it increased from 49 to 61%.

TextSentencer_T1769

212207-212410

Sentence

denotes

We concluded that the resistance profiles to antibiotics should be reviewed every 5 years at least and thus the selection of proper antibiotics would lessen the morbidity as well as the medical expenses.

T70352

212207-212410

Sentence

denotes

We concluded that the resistance profiles to antibiotics should be reviewed every 5 years at least and thus the selection of proper antibiotics would lessen the morbidity as well as the medical expenses.

TextSentencer_T1770

212411-212439

Sentence

denotes

Chanturidze TK, Tsiklauri R.

T44195

212411-212439

Sentence

denotes

Chanturidze TK, Tsiklauri R.

TextSentencer_T1771

212440-212526

Sentence

denotes

Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs, Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia Purpose:

T6258

212440-212526

Sentence

denotes

Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs, Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia Purpose:

TextSentencer_T1772

212527-212589

Sentence

denotes

Since 1991 infectious diseases (ID) are increasing in Georgia.

T6507

212527-212589

Sentence

denotes

Since 1991 infectious diseases (ID) are increasing in Georgia.

TextSentencer_T1773

212590-212800

Sentence

denotes

This study is aimed to reveal economic barriers of effective ID control by assessing financial contribution to ID from Public and Private sources, household's total spending on health and their capacity to pay.

T80039

212590-212800

Sentence

denotes

This study is aimed to reveal economic barriers of effective ID control by assessing financial contribution to ID from Public and Private sources, household's total spending on health and their capacity to pay.

TextSentencer_T1774

212801-212809

Sentence

denotes

Sources:

T45018

212801-212809

Sentence

denotes

Sources:

TextSentencer_T1775

212810-212863

Sentence

denotes

1) National Household Expenditure and Revenue survey.

T99530

212810-212863

Sentence

denotes

1) National Household Expenditure and Revenue survey.

TextSentencer_T1776

212864-212911

Sentence

denotes

2) WHO Fair Financial Contribution Methodology.

T92703

212864-212911

Sentence

denotes

2) WHO Fair Financial Contribution Methodology.

TextSentencer_T1777

212912-212929

Sentence

denotes

3) Meta-Analysis.

T92632

212912-212929

Sentence

denotes

3) Meta-Analysis.

TextSentencer_T1778

212930-212938

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T35314

212930-212938

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1779

212939-213445

Sentence

denotes

51.8% of population leaves under the poverty level; 70% out of total household expenditure (average 270 GeL; US$ 130) 30% is spent on food */non-subsistence income covers expenditures on goods and services including health; 15% of population refuses health services because of inability to pay; Public Spending on Health comprises 33% of total health expenditures; Public Spending on ID control is below 1 GeL per capita; Almost all private spending goes to ID treatment and equals to 28.6 GeL per patient.

T28677

212939-213445

Sentence

denotes

51.8% of population leaves under the poverty level; 70% out of total household expenditure (average 270 GeL; US$ 130) 30% is spent on food */non-subsistence income covers expenditures on goods and services including health; 15% of population refuses health services because of inability to pay; Public Spending on Health comprises 33% of total health expenditures; Public Spending on ID control is below 1 GeL per capita; Almost all private spending goes to ID treatment and equals to 28.6 GeL per patient.

TextSentencer_T1780

213446-213458

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T99014

213446-213458

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1781

213459-213594

Sentence

denotes

Insufficient public spending on ID control transfers the burden to the population with extremely low capacity to cover health expenses.

T17373

213459-213594

Sentence

denotes

Insufficient public spending on ID control transfers the burden to the population with extremely low capacity to cover health expenses.

TextSentencer_T1782

213595-213714

Sentence

denotes

Refusal to utilize health services, and incomplete treatment and increases the threat of ID spread and drug resistance.

T61962

213595-213714

Sentence

denotes

Refusal to utilize health services, and incomplete treatment and increases the threat of ID spread and drug resistance.

TextSentencer_T1783

213715-213820

Sentence

denotes

Government should increase the allocations to ID from public sources for effective ID control in Georgia.

T2214

213715-213820

Sentence

denotes

Government should increase the allocations to ID from public sources for effective ID control in Georgia.

TextSentencer_T1784

213821-213893

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial consumption trends in children's university hospital PS177

T58024

213821-213893

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial consumption trends in children's university hospital PS177

TextSentencer_T1785

213894-213941

Sentence

denotes

Ratchina S a , Averchenkova L b , Jarkova L a .

T44078

213894-213941

Sentence

denotes

Ratchina S a , Averchenkova L b , Jarkova L a .

TextSentencer_T1786

213942-214059

Sentence

denotes

Local surveillance of antimicrobial (AM) consumption is essential to promote the rational use of this group of drugs.

T47189

213942-214059

Sentence

denotes

Local surveillance of antimicrobial (AM) consumption is essential to promote the rational use of this group of drugs.

TextSentencer_T1787

214060-214175

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends of AM use in the Children University Hospital in 1998 and 2000.

T77479

214060-214175

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends of AM use in the Children University Hospital in 1998 and 2000.

TextSentencer_T1788

214176-214300

Sentence

denotes

Data on AM usage were obtained from the hospital drugstore requests in the 250-beds multi-ward Children University Hospital.

T41787

214176-214300

Sentence

denotes

Data on AM usage were obtained from the hospital drugstore requests in the 250-beds multi-ward Children University Hospital.

TextSentencer_T1789

214301-214373

Sentence

denotes

Consumption was expressed as the number of DDD per 100 bed-days (b Á/d).

T16589

214301-214373

Sentence

denotes

Consumption was expressed as the number of DDD per 100 bed-days (b Á/d).

TextSentencer_T1790

214374-214532

Sentence

denotes

The total AM consumption figures were similar in 1998 and 2000 (7.7 and 8.2 DDDs/100 b Á/d, respectively) with notable differences in AM prescribing patterns.

T30321

214374-214532

Sentence

denotes

The total AM consumption figures were similar in 1998 and 2000 (7.7 and 8.2 DDDs/100 b Á/d, respectively) with notable differences in AM prescribing patterns.

TextSentencer_T1791

214533-214623

Sentence

denotes

Penicillin consumption increased from 1.8 to 3.8 DDDs/100 b Á/d mostly due to amoxicillin.

T75979

214533-214623

Sentence

denotes

Penicillin consumption increased from 1.8 to 3.8 DDDs/100 b Á/d mostly due to amoxicillin.

TextSentencer_T1792

214624-214761

Sentence

denotes

The overall aminoglycoside usage remained comparable (0.95 vs. 0.82 DDDs/100 b Á/d) though amikacin has considerably replaced gentamicin.

T85945

214624-214761

Sentence

denotes

The overall aminoglycoside usage remained comparable (0.95 vs. 0.82 DDDs/100 b Á/d) though amikacin has considerably replaced gentamicin.

TextSentencer_T1793

214762-215000

Sentence

denotes

There was a sevenfold increase of ciprofloxacin (0.03 vs. 0.2 DDDs/100 b Á/d) along with the evident decrease of tetracycline and co-trimoxazole consumption found (1.5 vs. 0.9 DDDs/ 100 b Á/d and 0.8 vs. 0.1 DDDs/100 b Á/d, respectively).

T93599

214762-215000

Sentence

denotes

There was a sevenfold increase of ciprofloxacin (0.03 vs. 0.2 DDDs/100 b Á/d) along with the evident decrease of tetracycline and co-trimoxazole consumption found (1.5 vs. 0.9 DDDs/ 100 b Á/d and 0.8 vs. 0.1 DDDs/100 b Á/d, respectively).

TextSentencer_T1794

215001-215252

Sentence

denotes

The tendency to prescribe more effective in respect of the local resistance data and/or more safe AM was detected in 2000 comparing with 1998 that can be explained by the introduction of the local guidelines for infectious diseases management in 1999.

T80634

215001-215252

Sentence

denotes

The tendency to prescribe more effective in respect of the local resistance data and/or more safe AM was detected in 2000 comparing with 1998 that can be explained by the introduction of the local guidelines for infectious diseases management in 1999.

TextSentencer_T1795

215253-215532

Sentence

denotes

Clarithromycin in the treatment of chronic prostatitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis */a pilot study PS178 The aim of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of clarithromycin in the treatment of chronic prostatitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT).

T21392

215253-215532

Sentence

denotes

Clarithromycin in the treatment of chronic prostatitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis */a pilot study PS178 The aim of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of clarithromycin in the treatment of chronic prostatitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT).

TextSentencer_T1796

215533-215639

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-two patients older than 18 years of age with diagnosed chronic Chlamydial prostatitis were enrolled.

T16112

215533-215639

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-two patients older than 18 years of age with diagnosed chronic Chlamydial prostatitis were enrolled.

TextSentencer_T1797

215640-215814

Sentence

denotes

The presence of CT in expressed prostatic secretion or urine specimen voided immediately after prostatic massage was confirmed by isolation on McCoy cells and Lugol staining.

T50076

215640-215814

Sentence

denotes

The presence of CT in expressed prostatic secretion or urine specimen voided immediately after prostatic massage was confirmed by isolation on McCoy cells and Lugol staining.

TextSentencer_T1798

215815-215892

Sentence

denotes

The majority of patients suffered from suprapubic pain and pain in the groin.

T40589

215815-215892

Sentence

denotes

The majority of patients suffered from suprapubic pain and pain in the groin.

TextSentencer_T1799

215893-215934

Sentence

denotes

Twelve patients had no clinical symptoms.

T52971

215893-215934

Sentence

denotes

Twelve patients had no clinical symptoms.

TextSentencer_T1800

215935-216056

Sentence

denotes

According to rectal palpation, prostate gland was normal in 35 patients, tender and soft in 12 and firm in five patients.

T36135

215935-216056

Sentence

denotes

According to rectal palpation, prostate gland was normal in 35 patients, tender and soft in 12 and firm in five patients.

TextSentencer_T1801

216057-216127

Sentence

denotes

Clarithromycin was administered orally 500 mg twice daily for 14 days.

T7502

216057-216127

Sentence

denotes

Clarithromycin was administered orally 500 mg twice daily for 14 days.

TextSentencer_T1802

216128-216212

Sentence

denotes

Simultaneously the patients' partners received 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days.

T56626

216128-216212

Sentence

denotes

Simultaneously the patients' partners received 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days.

TextSentencer_T1803

216213-216348

Sentence

denotes

Clinical efficacy and tolerability of administered clarithromycin were evaluated 1 Á/7 days and 4 Á/6 weeks after the end of treatment.

T83772

216213-216348

Sentence

denotes

Clinical efficacy and tolerability of administered clarithromycin were evaluated 1 Á/7 days and 4 Á/6 weeks after the end of treatment.

TextSentencer_T1804

216349-216445

Sentence

denotes

Bactericidal efficacy of administered drug was evaluated 4 Á/6 weeks after the end of treatment.

T21344

216349-216445

Sentence

denotes

Bactericidal efficacy of administered drug was evaluated 4 Á/6 weeks after the end of treatment.

TextSentencer_T1805

216446-216547

Sentence

denotes

The eradication of CT was achieved in 30 out of 40 patients, while 28 patients were clinically cured.

T40373

216446-216547

Sentence

denotes

The eradication of CT was achieved in 30 out of 40 patients, while 28 patients were clinically cured.

TextSentencer_T1806

216548-216605

Sentence

denotes

Two patients had nausea and elevated serum transaminases.

T90369

216548-216605

Sentence

denotes

Two patients had nausea and elevated serum transaminases.

TextSentencer_T1807

216606-216717

Sentence

denotes

In asymptomatic patients, the eradication of CT was achieved in 10 of 12 patients who reported no side effects.

T34177

216606-216717

Sentence

denotes

In asymptomatic patients, the eradication of CT was achieved in 10 of 12 patients who reported no side effects.

TextSentencer_T1808

216718-216867

Sentence

denotes

This pilot study has shown an excellent efficacy and tolerability of clarithromycin in the treatment of patients with chronic Chlamydial prostatitis.

T17356

216718-216867

Sentence

denotes

This pilot study has shown an excellent efficacy and tolerability of clarithromycin in the treatment of patients with chronic Chlamydial prostatitis.

TextSentencer_T1809

216868-217009

Sentence

denotes

Women with diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) often demonstrate vaginal colonisation with alpha-haemolytic Escherichia coli strains.

T77276

216868-217009

Sentence

denotes

Women with diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) often demonstrate vaginal colonisation with alpha-haemolytic Escherichia coli strains.

TextSentencer_T1810

217010-217378

Sentence

denotes

In the present study we decided to evaluate a distribution of virulence genes encoding for cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (cnf1), P-fimbriae, S/F1C-fimbriae aerobactin (aer), and afa genes in alpha-haemolytic E. coli strains isolated from gynaecological material in our region and to compare the detected sequences in clinical isolates of other diagnostic groups.

T65864

217010-217378

Sentence

denotes

In the present study we decided to evaluate a distribution of virulence genes encoding for cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (cnf1), P-fimbriae, S/F1C-fimbriae aerobactin (aer), and afa genes in alpha-haemolytic E. coli strains isolated from gynaecological material in our region and to compare the detected sequences in clinical isolates of other diagnostic groups.

TextSentencer_T1811

217379-217509

Sentence

denotes

Of 127 alpha-haemolytic E. coli strains, 41 were isolated from urine, 44 from gynaecological specimen, and 42 were faecal strains.

T94414

217379-217509

Sentence

denotes

Of 127 alpha-haemolytic E. coli strains, 41 were isolated from urine, 44 from gynaecological specimen, and 42 were faecal strains.

TextSentencer_T1812

217510-217602

Sentence

denotes

E. coli strains were tested for the production of haemolytic phenotype on blood agar plates.

T77471

217510-217602

Sentence

denotes

E. coli strains were tested for the production of haemolytic phenotype on blood agar plates.

TextSentencer_T1813

217603-217784

Sentence

denotes

The amplification of virulence factors was performed by PCR according to previously described protocols (Le Bouguenec et al., 1992; Blanco et al., 1996; and Yamamoto et al., 1995) .

T96983

217603-217784

Sentence

denotes

The amplification of virulence factors was performed by PCR according to previously described protocols (Le Bouguenec et al., 1992; Blanco et al., 1996; and Yamamoto et al., 1995) .

TextSentencer_T1814

217785-217961

Sentence

denotes

We found that all gynaecological alphahaemolytic strains were positive for cnf1, (P B/0.001 compared to 78% of urine strains, and P B/0.0001 compared to 61% of faecal strains).

T95280

217785-217961

Sentence

denotes

We found that all gynaecological alphahaemolytic strains were positive for cnf1, (P B/0.001 compared to 78% of urine strains, and P B/0.0001 compared to 61% of faecal strains).

TextSentencer_T1815

217962-218141

Sentence

denotes

Similarly, sfa/foc specific DNA sequences were found in 100% of gynaecological isolates (P0/0.01 compared to 85% of urine strains and P 0/0.005 compared to 83% of faecal strains).

T16158

217962-218141

Sentence

denotes

Similarly, sfa/foc specific DNA sequences were found in 100% of gynaecological isolates (P0/0.01 compared to 85% of urine strains and P 0/0.005 compared to 83% of faecal strains).

TextSentencer_T1816

218142-218265

Sentence

denotes

From this point of view, the female genital tract seems to be a potential reservoir of these uropathogenic E. coli strains.

T50963

218142-218265

Sentence

denotes

From this point of view, the female genital tract seems to be a potential reservoir of these uropathogenic E. coli strains.

TextSentencer_T1817

218266-218426

Sentence

denotes

Azithromycin in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis PS180 administered in 35 hospitalized patients with chlamydial PID.

T24136

218266-218426

Sentence

denotes

Azithromycin in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis PS180 administered in 35 hospitalized patients with chlamydial PID.

TextSentencer_T1818

218427-218475

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis was made prior to hospitalization.

T36775

218427-218475

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis was made prior to hospitalization.

TextSentencer_T1819

218476-218660

Sentence

denotes

Microbiological analysis of urine, blood and swab specimens collected from endocervix, vagina and urethra confirmed C. trachomatis to be the single suspected causative pathogen of PID.

T69462

218476-218660

Sentence

denotes

Microbiological analysis of urine, blood and swab specimens collected from endocervix, vagina and urethra confirmed C. trachomatis to be the single suspected causative pathogen of PID.

TextSentencer_T1820

218661-218764

Sentence

denotes

The presence of C. trachomatis in swab specimens from endocervix was examined by DNK/RNK hybridization.

T6772

218661-218764

Sentence

denotes

The presence of C. trachomatis in swab specimens from endocervix was examined by DNK/RNK hybridization.

TextSentencer_T1821

218765-218899

Sentence

denotes

Azithromycin was administered 5 Á/7 days after samples for microbiological analysis were collected in dose of 1)/500 mg iv for 5 days.

T82272

218765-218899

Sentence

denotes

Azithromycin was administered 5 Á/7 days after samples for microbiological analysis were collected in dose of 1)/500 mg iv for 5 days.

TextSentencer_T1822

218900-219078

Sentence

denotes

Clinical efficacy and tolerability of therapy were assessed 1 Á/7 days after the end of therapy and clinical and microbiological analysis 3 Á/4 weeks after completion of therapy.

T31303

218900-219078

Sentence

denotes

Clinical efficacy and tolerability of therapy were assessed 1 Á/7 days after the end of therapy and clinical and microbiological analysis 3 Á/4 weeks after completion of therapy.

TextSentencer_T1823

219079-219233

Sentence

denotes

The eradication of C. trachomatis and normalization of gynecological findings were achieved in 33 and disappearance of subjective symptoms in 30 patients.

T2071

219079-219233

Sentence

denotes

The eradication of C. trachomatis and normalization of gynecological findings were achieved in 33 and disappearance of subjective symptoms in 30 patients.

TextSentencer_T1824

219234-219346

Sentence

denotes

No side effects and deviations from normal values in hematologic and biochemical blood parameters were recorded.

T43761

219234-219346

Sentence

denotes

No side effects and deviations from normal values in hematologic and biochemical blood parameters were recorded.

TextSentencer_T1825

219347-219564

Sentence

denotes

This study showed high bactericidal efficacy, rapid clinical effect and good tolerability of once-daily administration of 500 mg azithromycin for 5 days in the treatment of patients with PID caused by C. trachomatis .

T43811

219347-219564

Sentence

denotes

This study showed high bactericidal efficacy, rapid clinical effect and good tolerability of once-daily administration of 500 mg azithromycin for 5 days in the treatment of patients with PID caused by C. trachomatis .

TextSentencer_T1826

219565-219778

Sentence

denotes

Altindis M a , Cevrioglu S b , Aktepe OC a , Cetinkaya a . a Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Microbiology, Afyon, Turkey , b Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Afyon, Turkey

T5438

219565-219778

Sentence

denotes

Altindis M a , Cevrioglu S b , Aktepe OC a , Cetinkaya a . a Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Microbiology, Afyon, Turkey , b Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Afyon, Turkey

TextSentencer_T1827

219779-219870

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis of the causative organism of the vaginitis is usually based on clinical criteria.

T47358

219779-219870

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis of the causative organism of the vaginitis is usually based on clinical criteria.

TextSentencer_T1828

219871-219985

Sentence

denotes

A standardized, laboratory based and rapid diagnostic test for the identification of these organisms is desirable.

T7891

219871-219985

Sentence

denotes

A standardized, laboratory based and rapid diagnostic test for the identification of these organisms is desirable.

TextSentencer_T1829

219986-220332

Sentence

denotes

To determine the laboratory method that best predicted the causative organism, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of positive and negative test for clinical criteria, an oligonucleotide probe test (AFFIRM VPIII-BD USA) and compared them with the combination of positive vaginal culture and Gram-stained vaginal smear.

T72034

219986-220332

Sentence

denotes

To determine the laboratory method that best predicted the causative organism, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of positive and negative test for clinical criteria, an oligonucleotide probe test (AFFIRM VPIII-BD USA) and compared them with the combination of positive vaginal culture and Gram-stained vaginal smear.

TextSentencer_T1830

220333-220419

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated 40 consecutive women aged 21 Á/48 years, attending for vaginal discharge.

T11747

220333-220419

Sentence

denotes

We evaluated 40 consecutive women aged 21 Á/48 years, attending for vaginal discharge.

TextSentencer_T1831

220420-220632

Sentence

denotes

Vaginal swab specimens were used for culture of Gardnerella vaginalis , Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida sp, preparation of a vaginal smear for Gram-stain interpretation and wet mount evaluation and AFFIRM test.

T84699

220420-220632

Sentence

denotes

Vaginal swab specimens were used for culture of Gardnerella vaginalis , Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida sp, preparation of a vaginal smear for Gram-stain interpretation and wet mount evaluation and AFFIRM test.

TextSentencer_T1832

220633-220756

Sentence

denotes

AFFIRM detected G. vaginalis in 10 (25%), Candida sp in three (7.5%) women and no trichomoniasis case found by any methods.

T63813

220633-220756

Sentence

denotes

AFFIRM detected G. vaginalis in 10 (25%), Candida sp in three (7.5%) women and no trichomoniasis case found by any methods.

TextSentencer_T1833

220757-220893

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity and negative predictive values of AFFIRM test and clinical signs were same (100%) in identifying of bacterial vaginosis.

T68790

220757-220893

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity and negative predictive values of AFFIRM test and clinical signs were same (100%) in identifying of bacterial vaginosis.

TextSentencer_T1834

220894-221023

Sentence

denotes

However, AFFIRM test was more specific (94 vs 72%) and also has higher positive predictive value (80 vs 53%) than clinical signs.

T95949

220894-221023

Sentence

denotes

However, AFFIRM test was more specific (94 vs 72%) and also has higher positive predictive value (80 vs 53%) than clinical signs.

TextSentencer_T1835

221024-221109

Sentence

denotes

We did not evaluate the results for patients with candidiasis because of less number.

T9287

221024-221109

Sentence

denotes

We did not evaluate the results for patients with candidiasis because of less number.

TextSentencer_T1836

221110-221253

Sentence

denotes

According to these results AFFIRM-microbial identification tests are objective and specific for the rapid diagnosis of the bacterial vaginosis.

T87158

221110-221253

Sentence

denotes

According to these results AFFIRM-microbial identification tests are objective and specific for the rapid diagnosis of the bacterial vaginosis.

TextSentencer_T1837

221254-221397

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of efficacy of single dose of tinidazole with standard dose of metronidazole in Giardia lamblia infection (Preliminary report) PS182

T54107

221254-221397

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of efficacy of single dose of tinidazole with standard dose of metronidazole in Giardia lamblia infection (Preliminary report) PS182

TextSentencer_T1838

221398-221603

Sentence

denotes

Fallah M a , Moshtaghi AA b . a University of Medical Sciences, Parasitology, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran , b University of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran Objectives:

T96286

221398-221603

Sentence

denotes

Fallah M a , Moshtaghi AA b . a University of Medical Sciences, Parasitology, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran , b University of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran Objectives:

TextSentencer_T1839

221604-221683

Sentence

denotes

Giardia lamblia is the most common intestinal protozoa in developing countries.

T59231

221604-221683

Sentence

denotes

Giardia lamblia is the most common intestinal protozoa in developing countries.

TextSentencer_T1840

221684-221816

Sentence

denotes

Treatment of the infection with metronidazole, the drug of choice, requires a long course of therapy and produced some side effects.

T23395

221684-221816

Sentence

denotes

Treatment of the infection with metronidazole, the drug of choice, requires a long course of therapy and produced some side effects.

TextSentencer_T1841

221817-221922

Sentence

denotes

The object of this study is to determine efficacy and side effects of tinidazole in G. lamblia infection.

T82197

221817-221922

Sentence

denotes

The object of this study is to determine efficacy and side effects of tinidazole in G. lamblia infection.

TextSentencer_T1842

221923-221972

Sentence

denotes

This is a preliminary report of an ongoing trial.

T40327

221923-221972

Sentence

denotes

This is a preliminary report of an ongoing trial.

TextSentencer_T1843

221973-221981

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T50170

221973-221981

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1844

221982-222125

Sentence

denotes

A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out and 47 subjects with G. lamblia infection were treated with tinidazole or metronidazole.

T53733

221982-222125

Sentence

denotes

A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out and 47 subjects with G. lamblia infection were treated with tinidazole or metronidazole.

TextSentencer_T1845

222126-222268

Sentence

denotes

Tinidazole 50 mg/kg single dose and metronidazole 25 mg/kg three times a day for 7 days were given orally to 24 and 23 children, respectively.

T4308

222126-222268

Sentence

denotes

Tinidazole 50 mg/kg single dose and metronidazole 25 mg/kg three times a day for 7 days were given orally to 24 and 23 children, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1846

222269-222390

Sentence

denotes

Parasitological cure was documented when there were consecutive negative stool examinations at 1 Á/2 weeks after therapy.

T12823

222269-222390

Sentence

denotes

Parasitological cure was documented when there were consecutive negative stool examinations at 1 Á/2 weeks after therapy.

TextSentencer_T1847

222391-222399

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T7418

222391-222399

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1848

222400-222527

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-one of 23 individuals treated with tinidazole and 20 of 24 children treated with metronidazole had parasitological cure.

T74220

222400-222527

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-one of 23 individuals treated with tinidazole and 20 of 24 children treated with metronidazole had parasitological cure.

TextSentencer_T1849

222528-222593

Sentence

denotes

Cure rates between two groups were not significant statistically.

T83158

222528-222593

Sentence

denotes

Cure rates between two groups were not significant statistically.

TextSentencer_T1850

222594-222721

Sentence

denotes

No major side effects were observed except one case in metronidazole group who had mild headache and abdominal pain for 2 days.

T88872

222594-222721

Sentence

denotes

No major side effects were observed except one case in metronidazole group who had mild headache and abdominal pain for 2 days.

TextSentencer_T1851

222722-222734

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T20713

222722-222734

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1852

222735-222849

Sentence

denotes

We concluded, tinidazole at the dose has efficacy equal of metronidazole in the treatment of G. lamblia infection.

T70718

222735-222849

Sentence

denotes

We concluded, tinidazole at the dose has efficacy equal of metronidazole in the treatment of G. lamblia infection.

TextSentencer_T1853

222850-223013

Sentence

denotes

Because of single dose prescription, short course of therapy and good compliance of patients, this preparation is preferred to metronidazole in giardial infection.

T21085

222850-223013

Sentence

denotes

Because of single dose prescription, short course of therapy and good compliance of patients, this preparation is preferred to metronidazole in giardial infection.

TextSentencer_T1854

223014-223039

Sentence

denotes

Ebeid FA, Seif El-Din SH.

T33338

223014-223039

Sentence

denotes

Ebeid FA, Seif El-Din SH.

TextSentencer_T1855

223040-223269

Sentence

denotes

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt b-Carotein was given in different doses starting from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for different groups of albino mice 4 days before infection with S. mansoni .

T76520

223040-223269

Sentence

denotes

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Pharmacology, Cairo, Egypt b-Carotein was given in different doses starting from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for different groups of albino mice 4 days before infection with S. mansoni .

TextSentencer_T1856

223270-223373

Sentence

denotes

Infection of animals was done by body immersion using 80 Egyptian strain of S. mansoni cercariae/mouse.

T31619

223270-223373

Sentence

denotes

Infection of animals was done by body immersion using 80 Egyptian strain of S. mansoni cercariae/mouse.

TextSentencer_T1857

223374-223497

Sentence

denotes

Forty-nine days after infection the animals were sacrificed and hepatic and mesenteric worms were extracted and determined.

T7379

223374-223497

Sentence

denotes

Forty-nine days after infection the animals were sacrificed and hepatic and mesenteric worms were extracted and determined.

TextSentencer_T1858

223498-223661

Sentence

denotes

Ova count in liver and intestinal tissue and the total number of worms/animals were also determined in experimental groups comparing with infected control animals.

T56196

223498-223661

Sentence

denotes

Ova count in liver and intestinal tissue and the total number of worms/animals were also determined in experimental groups comparing with infected control animals.

TextSentencer_T1859

223662-223789

Sentence

denotes

The results indicated marked decrease in number of worms and ova count in both liver and intestine comparing with control ones.

T38870

223662-223789

Sentence

denotes

The results indicated marked decrease in number of worms and ova count in both liver and intestine comparing with control ones.

TextSentencer_T1860

223790-223850

Sentence

denotes

This reduction increased significantly with increasing dose.

T14457

223790-223850

Sentence

denotes

This reduction increased significantly with increasing dose.

TextSentencer_T1861

223851-223951

Sentence

denotes

It was concluded that b-carotein could be used as a prophylactic agent against S. mansoni infection.

T38900

223851-223951

Sentence

denotes

It was concluded that b-carotein could be used as a prophylactic agent against S. mansoni infection.

TextSentencer_T1862

223952-224020

Sentence

denotes

Barisic Z, Babic-Erceg A, Borzic E, Zoranic V, Carev M, Kaliterna V.

T50911

223952-224020

Sentence

denotes

Barisic Z, Babic-Erceg A, Borzic E, Zoranic V, Carev M, Kaliterna V.

TextSentencer_T1863

224021-224088

Sentence

denotes

Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute, Split, Croatia

T93903

224021-224088

Sentence

denotes

Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute, Split, Croatia

TextSentencer_T1864

224089-224303

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study is to determine frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection (UTI) in outpatient's population in South Croatia and to suggest optimal antimicrobial treatment for these patients.

T83510

224089-224303

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study is to determine frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection (UTI) in outpatient's population in South Croatia and to suggest optimal antimicrobial treatment for these patients.

TextSentencer_T1865

224304-224451

Sentence

denotes

During 3 months long observation period, from total number of 13 158 examined urine specimens, significant bacteriuria was found in 2341 specimens.

T69290

224304-224451

Sentence

denotes

During 3 months long observation period, from total number of 13 158 examined urine specimens, significant bacteriuria was found in 2341 specimens.

TextSentencer_T1866

224452-224543

Sentence

denotes

P. aeruginosa was the sixth most common isolate, it was isolated from 94 specimens (4.02%).

T82139

224452-224543

Sentence

denotes

P. aeruginosa was the sixth most common isolate, it was isolated from 94 specimens (4.02%).

TextSentencer_T1867

224544-224601

Sentence

denotes

These 94 specimens were taken from 57 different patients.

T81385

224544-224601

Sentence

denotes

These 94 specimens were taken from 57 different patients.

TextSentencer_T1868

224602-224943

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method, and the following results were obtained: resistance to cefibuten occurred in 94.74% patients, to norfoxacin in 49.12%, to ciprofloxacin in 47.37%, to gentamicin in 42.11%, to netilmicin in 35.09%, to amikacin in 24.56%, to ceftazidime in 3.51% and to imipenem in 1.75% patients.

T40293

224602-224943

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method, and the following results were obtained: resistance to cefibuten occurred in 94.74% patients, to norfoxacin in 49.12%, to ciprofloxacin in 47.37%, to gentamicin in 42.11%, to netilmicin in 35.09%, to amikacin in 24.56%, to ceftazidime in 3.51% and to imipenem in 1.75% patients.

TextSentencer_T1869

224944-225104

Sentence

denotes

P. aeruginosa strains showed better susceptibility to tested parenteral antibiotics than to antibiotics for oral use which complicated treatment in outpatients.

T41546

224944-225104

Sentence

denotes

P. aeruginosa strains showed better susceptibility to tested parenteral antibiotics than to antibiotics for oral use which complicated treatment in outpatients.

TextSentencer_T1870

225105-225388

Sentence

denotes

The best susceptibility was shown to imipenem, but this drug is inappropriate for use in outpatients setting, so the best choice for treatment P. aeruginosa UTI in our outpatients is treatment with ceftazidime, and the second choices are aminoglycoside drugs amikacin and netilmicin.

T37422

225105-225388

Sentence

denotes

The best susceptibility was shown to imipenem, but this drug is inappropriate for use in outpatients setting, so the best choice for treatment P. aeruginosa UTI in our outpatients is treatment with ceftazidime, and the second choices are aminoglycoside drugs amikacin and netilmicin.

TextSentencer_T1871

225389-225676

Sentence

denotes

Silan L a , Breza J b , Krcmery V Jr. c . a Department of Internal Medicine, Derer s University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia , b Department of Urology, Comenius University School, Bratislava, Slovakia , c Department of Pharmacology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia

T3088

225389-225676

Sentence

denotes

Silan L a , Breza J b , Krcmery V Jr. c . a Department of Internal Medicine, Derer s University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia , b Department of Urology, Comenius University School, Bratislava, Slovakia , c Department of Pharmacology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia

TextSentencer_T1872

225677-225890

Sentence

denotes

We studied the clinical efficacy of oral treatment with ciprofloxacin/ CPF/ alone and combined with clarithromycin in patients with complicated urinary tract infection/CUTI/ with or without an indwelling catherer.

T52952

225677-225890

Sentence

denotes

We studied the clinical efficacy of oral treatment with ciprofloxacin/ CPF/ alone and combined with clarithromycin in patients with complicated urinary tract infection/CUTI/ with or without an indwelling catherer.

TextSentencer_T1873

225891-226013

Sentence

denotes

Patients were randomly allocated to 600 mg CPF/CPF group/ or to 600 mg CPF plus 600 mg CAM/combination group/ for 14 days.

T74015

225891-226013

Sentence

denotes

Patients were randomly allocated to 600 mg CPF/CPF group/ or to 600 mg CPF plus 600 mg CAM/combination group/ for 14 days.

TextSentencer_T1874

226014-226130

Sentence

denotes

Evaluation was done on day 14 according to the criteria advocated by the Japanese Urinary Tract Infection Committee.

T91024

226014-226130

Sentence

denotes

Evaluation was done on day 14 according to the criteria advocated by the Japanese Urinary Tract Infection Committee.

TextSentencer_T1875

226131-226322

Sentence

denotes

In patients with a urinary catherer, the combination achieved a higher complete bacterial elimination rate /50%/ and clinical efficacy rate / 84%/ than CPF alone /30 and 61.5%, respectively/.

T72879

226131-226322

Sentence

denotes

In patients with a urinary catherer, the combination achieved a higher complete bacterial elimination rate /50%/ and clinical efficacy rate / 84%/ than CPF alone /30 and 61.5%, respectively/.

TextSentencer_T1876

226323-226548

Sentence

denotes

While no significant difference was found in the bacterial elimination rate between the two groups, the clinical effect of the combination /40%/ was superior to that of CPF alone /23%/ in patients with an indwelling catherer.

T96669

226323-226548

Sentence

denotes

While no significant difference was found in the bacterial elimination rate between the two groups, the clinical effect of the combination /40%/ was superior to that of CPF alone /23%/ in patients with an indwelling catherer.

TextSentencer_T1877

226549-226679

Sentence

denotes

The better clinical efficacy of the combination may partly be attributed to the antibiofilm effect of CAM in the clinical setting.

T31335

226549-226679

Sentence

denotes

The better clinical efficacy of the combination may partly be attributed to the antibiofilm effect of CAM in the clinical setting.

TextSentencer_T1878

226680-226803

Sentence

denotes

The results also indicated that difficulties still remain in the treatment of CUTI in patients with an indwelling catherer.

T77436

226680-226803

Sentence

denotes

The results also indicated that difficulties still remain in the treatment of CUTI in patients with an indwelling catherer.

TextSentencer_T1879

226804-226930

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, clinical study suggested that CAM might have an inhibitory action on biofilm formation in the clinical setting.

T13411

226804-226930

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, clinical study suggested that CAM might have an inhibitory action on biofilm formation in the clinical setting.

TextSentencer_T1880

226931-227047

Sentence

denotes

Combination of CAM with other appropriate antimicrobial agents may have a favorable effect on the treatment of CUTI.

T86503

226931-227047

Sentence

denotes

Combination of CAM with other appropriate antimicrobial agents may have a favorable effect on the treatment of CUTI.

TextSentencer_T1881

227048-227302

Sentence

denotes

Vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections */the management of primary vesico-eureteral reflux in children PS186 The children studied presented with primary vesicoureteral reflux at Derer s Universitz Hospital in Bratislava between 1974 and 1994.

T33111

227048-227302

Sentence

denotes

Vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections */the management of primary vesico-eureteral reflux in children PS186 The children studied presented with primary vesicoureteral reflux at Derer s Universitz Hospital in Bratislava between 1974 and 1994.

TextSentencer_T1882

227303-227526

Sentence

denotes

Seven hundred and sixty patients, 179 boys and 581 girls, suffering from primary vesicoureteral reflux in age from 6 months to 18 years were tested and systematically analyzed outcomes data for seven treatment alternatives.

T90140

227303-227526

Sentence

denotes

Seven hundred and sixty patients, 179 boys and 581 girls, suffering from primary vesicoureteral reflux in age from 6 months to 18 years were tested and systematically analyzed outcomes data for seven treatment alternatives.

TextSentencer_T1883

227527-227711

Sentence

denotes

Key outcomes identified were probability of reflux resolution, likelihood of developing pyelonephritis and scarring, and possibility of complications of medical and surgical treatment.

T47690

227527-227711

Sentence

denotes

Key outcomes identified were probability of reflux resolution, likelihood of developing pyelonephritis and scarring, and possibility of complications of medical and surgical treatment.

TextSentencer_T1884

227712-227877

Sentence

denotes

Available outcomes data on the various treatment alternatives were summarized and the relative probabilities of possible outcomes were compared for each alternative.

T18318

227712-227877

Sentence

denotes

Available outcomes data on the various treatment alternatives were summarized and the relative probabilities of possible outcomes were compared for each alternative.

TextSentencer_T1885

227878-227890

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T62567

227878-227890

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T1886

227891-228058

Sentence

denotes

Increased of urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux nephropathy includes early diagnosis, appropriate evaluation, effective ATB therapy, and surgery indicated.

T23516

227891-228058

Sentence

denotes

Increased of urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux nephropathy includes early diagnosis, appropriate evaluation, effective ATB therapy, and surgery indicated.

TextSentencer_T1887

228059-228277

Sentence

denotes

The main determinants of renal damage are bstruction, age, sex, predisposition on renal scarring, reflux grade and laterality, therapeutic delay, individual susceptibility, bacterial virulence and immunogenetic status.

T23980

228059-228277

Sentence

denotes

The main determinants of renal damage are bstruction, age, sex, predisposition on renal scarring, reflux grade and laterality, therapeutic delay, individual susceptibility, bacterial virulence and immunogenetic status.

TextSentencer_T1888

228278-228280

Sentence

denotes

3)

T23189

228278-228280

Sentence

denotes

3)

TextSentencer_T1889

228281-228532

Sentence

denotes

The one and only absolute indication for surgical management is failure of medical therapy to prevent chronic recurrent pyelonephritis, renal injury or other reflux complications and eliminations of the reflux condition will minimize their likelihood.

T76070

228281-228532

Sentence

denotes

The one and only absolute indication for surgical management is failure of medical therapy to prevent chronic recurrent pyelonephritis, renal injury or other reflux complications and eliminations of the reflux condition will minimize their likelihood.

TextSentencer_T1890

228533-228688

Sentence

denotes

Genetically conditioned immunopathogenic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of the chronic recurrent pyelonephritis in patient suffering from VUR.

T86352

228533-228688

Sentence

denotes

Genetically conditioned immunopathogenic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of the chronic recurrent pyelonephritis in patient suffering from VUR.

TextSentencer_T1891

228689-228970

Sentence

denotes

For most children we recommended continuous antibiotic prophylaxis as initial treatment-medical therapy is based on the principle that reflux often resolves with time, and antibiotics maintain urine sterility and prevent infections while the patients awaits spontaneous resolution.

T91123

228689-228970

Sentence

denotes

For most children we recommended continuous antibiotic prophylaxis as initial treatment-medical therapy is based on the principle that reflux often resolves with time, and antibiotics maintain urine sterility and prevent infections while the patients awaits spontaneous resolution.

TextSentencer_T1892

228971-229143

Sentence

denotes

6) VUR predispose an individual to renal infection, the immunological and inflammatory reaction caused by a pyelonephritic infection may result in renal injury or scarring.

T964

228971-229143

Sentence

denotes

6) VUR predispose an individual to renal infection, the immunological and inflammatory reaction caused by a pyelonephritic infection may result in renal injury or scarring.

TextSentencer_T1893

229144-229340

Sentence

denotes

Silan L a , Breza J b . a Department of Internal Medicine, Derer s University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia , b Department of Urology, Comenius University School of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia

T73668

229144-229340

Sentence

denotes

Silan L a , Breza J b . a Department of Internal Medicine, Derer s University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia , b Department of Urology, Comenius University School of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia

TextSentencer_T1894

229341-229451

Sentence

denotes

Elderly patients with UTI are believed less likely to be cured by antimicrobial therapy than younger patients.

T13833

229341-229451

Sentence

denotes

Elderly patients with UTI are believed less likely to be cured by antimicrobial therapy than younger patients.

TextSentencer_T1895

229452-229516

Sentence

denotes

The reasons for this poorer outcome have not yet been clarified.

T86926

229452-229516

Sentence

denotes

The reasons for this poorer outcome have not yet been clarified.

TextSentencer_T1896

229517-229617

Sentence

denotes

We have investigated the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients with complicated UTI.

T21974

229517-229617

Sentence

denotes

We have investigated the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients with complicated UTI.

TextSentencer_T1897

229618-229855

Sentence

denotes

Five hundred patients, 260 men and 240 women, who had complicated UTI/268 symptomatic and 240 symptomatic and were 21 Á/80 years of age, were treated with one of three different drugs, one was a never quinolone and two were oral cephems.

T56572

229618-229855

Sentence

denotes

Five hundred patients, 260 men and 240 women, who had complicated UTI/268 symptomatic and 240 symptomatic and were 21 Á/80 years of age, were treated with one of three different drugs, one was a never quinolone and two were oral cephems.

TextSentencer_T1898

229856-230144

Sentence

denotes

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of treatment outcome revealed that the clinical response was significantly related to general underlying diseases and diseases of the urinary tract, but not to age, symptomatic or asymptomatic UTI, or infection site such as the kidney or bladder.

T3721

229856-230144

Sentence

denotes

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of treatment outcome revealed that the clinical response was significantly related to general underlying diseases and diseases of the urinary tract, but not to age, symptomatic or asymptomatic UTI, or infection site such as the kidney or bladder.

TextSentencer_T1899

230145-230431

Sentence

denotes

We concluded that the clinical effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent was not directly related to age, and that urological examination for underlying disease and control of them is quite important for effective treatment and control of complicated UTIs, especially in elderly patients.

T4718

230145-230431

Sentence

denotes

We concluded that the clinical effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent was not directly related to age, and that urological examination for underlying disease and control of them is quite important for effective treatment and control of complicated UTIs, especially in elderly patients.

TextSentencer_T1900

230432-230603

Sentence

denotes

The study on the frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia (E ) coli in urine isolates of patients admitted to Maribor Teaching Hospital in 1998 and 2000 PS188

T74072

230432-230603

Sentence

denotes

The study on the frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia (E ) coli in urine isolates of patients admitted to Maribor Teaching Hospital in 1998 and 2000 PS188

TextSentencer_T1901

230604-230850

Sentence

denotes

Rebersek Gorisek J a , Baklan Z a , Unuk S a , Novak D b . a Department for Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia , b Department for Microbiology, Regional Institute of Public Health Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia Purpose:

T95285

230604-230850

Sentence

denotes

Rebersek Gorisek J a , Baklan Z a , Unuk S a , Novak D b . a Department for Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia , b Department for Microbiology, Regional Institute of Public Health Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia Purpose:

TextSentencer_T1902

230851-231047

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of patients admitted to Maribor Teaching Hospital in 1998 and 2000.

T75246

230851-231047

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of patients admitted to Maribor Teaching Hospital in 1998 and 2000.

TextSentencer_T1903

231048-231137

Sentence

denotes

The frequency and the antimicrobial resistance were compared between years 1998 and 2000.

T66891

231048-231137

Sentence

denotes

The frequency and the antimicrobial resistance were compared between years 1998 and 2000.

TextSentencer_T1904

231138-231146

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T23

231138-231146

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1905

231147-231294

Sentence

denotes

In the prospective study going on between 1998 and 2000, all urine isolates from patients at Maribor Teaching Hospital were collected and analysed.

T96154

231147-231294

Sentence

denotes

In the prospective study going on between 1998 and 2000, all urine isolates from patients at Maribor Teaching Hospital were collected and analysed.

TextSentencer_T1906

231295-231354

Sentence

denotes

Urine cultures were done using the modified Sanford method.

T95374

231295-231354

Sentence

denotes

Urine cultures were done using the modified Sanford method.

TextSentencer_T1907

231355-231440

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to NCCLS.

T45040

231355-231440

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to NCCLS.

TextSentencer_T1908

231441-231449

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T76829

231441-231449

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1909

231450-231544

Sentence

denotes

In the year 1998, 2563 urine isolates and in the year 2000, 2325 urine isolates were analysed.

T55205

231450-231544

Sentence

denotes

In the year 1998, 2563 urine isolates and in the year 2000, 2325 urine isolates were analysed.

TextSentencer_T1910

231545-231633

Sentence

denotes

E. coli represented 39.1% of urine isolates in 1998 and 39.4% of urine isolates in 2000.

T36882

231545-231633

Sentence

denotes

E. coli represented 39.1% of urine isolates in 1998 and 39.4% of urine isolates in 2000.

TextSentencer_T1911

231634-231947

Sentence

denotes

E. coli resistance rates (%) to amoxycillin was 39.5 in the year 1998 and 38.4 in the year 2000; to amoxycillin/clavulate was 15.4 and 10.5; to cefalotin was 7.8 and 5.7; to cefaclor 2.8 and 2.18; to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was 15.0 and 18.4; to ciprofloxacin was 4.9 and 6.9; to gentamicin was 2.3 and 2.2.

T89871

231634-231947

Sentence

denotes

E. coli resistance rates (%) to amoxycillin was 39.5 in the year 1998 and 38.4 in the year 2000; to amoxycillin/clavulate was 15.4 and 10.5; to cefalotin was 7.8 and 5.7; to cefaclor 2.8 and 2.18; to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was 15.0 and 18.4; to ciprofloxacin was 4.9 and 6.9; to gentamicin was 2.3 and 2.2.

TextSentencer_T1912

231948-231959

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T24221

231948-231959

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1913

231960-232067

Sentence

denotes

Compared to 1998, the frequency of E. coli isolated from urine samples is similar to that in the year 2000.

T73028

231960-232067

Sentence

denotes

Compared to 1998, the frequency of E. coli isolated from urine samples is similar to that in the year 2000.

TextSentencer_T1914

232068-232133

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to amoxycillin, cefaclor and gentamicin is stable.

T11212

232068-232133

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to amoxycillin, cefaclor and gentamicin is stable.

TextSentencer_T1915

232134-232284

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin is increased and the resistance to amoxycillin/clavulate and cefalotin is decreased.

T31563

232134-232284

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin is increased and the resistance to amoxycillin/clavulate and cefalotin is decreased.

TextSentencer_T1916

232285-232598

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of the resistance to metronidazole, furazolidone and nitrofurantoin in Helicobacter pylori clinical strains PS189 de la Obra Sanz P a , Roman JL a , Lomas E a , Villar H b , Lopez-Brea M a . a Hospital de la Princesa, Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b Hospital de San Agustin, Microbiology, Aviles, Spain

T49335

232285-232598

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of the resistance to metronidazole, furazolidone and nitrofurantoin in Helicobacter pylori clinical strains PS189 de la Obra Sanz P a , Roman JL a , Lomas E a , Villar H b , Lopez-Brea M a . a Hospital de la Princesa, Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b Hospital de San Agustin, Microbiology, Aviles, Spain

TextSentencer_T1917

232599-232761

Sentence

denotes

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metronidazole, furazolidone and nitrofurantoin resistance in Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates.

T95426

232599-232761

Sentence

denotes

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metronidazole, furazolidone and nitrofurantoin resistance in Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates.

TextSentencer_T1918

232762-232770

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T50489

232762-232770

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1919

232771-232835

Sentence

denotes

A total of 286 strains of H. pylori were included in this study.

T51378

232771-232835

Sentence

denotes

A total of 286 strains of H. pylori were included in this study.

TextSentencer_T1920

232836-232956

Sentence

denotes

All these were tested against metronidazole, and 164 against furazolidone and nitrofurantoin by an agar dilution method.

T90026

232836-232956

Sentence

denotes

All these were tested against metronidazole, and 164 against furazolidone and nitrofurantoin by an agar dilution method.

TextSentencer_T1921

232957-233066

Sentence

denotes

Resistance was defined as: metronidazole, MIC !/8 mg/l; and MIC !/4 mg/l for furazolidone and nitrofurantoin.

T78999

232957-233066

Sentence

denotes

Resistance was defined as: metronidazole, MIC !/8 mg/l; and MIC !/4 mg/l for furazolidone and nitrofurantoin.

TextSentencer_T1922

233067-233075

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T4497

233067-233075

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1923

233076-233136

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-eight strains were resistant to metronidazole (23.8%).

T6633

233076-233136

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-eight strains were resistant to metronidazole (23.8%).

TextSentencer_T1924

233137-233197

Sentence

denotes

The MIC50 and MIC90 values were 1 and 32 mg/l, respectively.

T3118

233137-233197

Sentence

denotes

The MIC50 and MIC90 values were 1 and 32 mg/l, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1925

233198-233381

Sentence

denotes

Three of 164 strains (1.8%) were furazolidone resistant (MIC 0/4 mg/l), two of these strains were metronidazole resistant (MIC0/16 mg/l) and they had MIC of 2 mg/l for nitrofurantoin.

T15342

233198-233381

Sentence

denotes

Three of 164 strains (1.8%) were furazolidone resistant (MIC 0/4 mg/l), two of these strains were metronidazole resistant (MIC0/16 mg/l) and they had MIC of 2 mg/l for nitrofurantoin.

TextSentencer_T1926

233382-233461

Sentence

denotes

The MIC50 and the MIC90 were 0.125 and 0.5 mg/l, respectively for furazolidone.

T79397

233382-233461

Sentence

denotes

The MIC50 and the MIC90 were 0.125 and 0.5 mg/l, respectively for furazolidone.

TextSentencer_T1927

233462-233634

Sentence

denotes

Only one of the 164 strains (0.6%) was nitrofurantoin resistant (MIC 4 mg/l), this strain was metronidazole resistant (MIC 128 mg/l) and had a MIC0/1 mg/l for furazolidone.

T48455

233462-233634

Sentence

denotes

Only one of the 164 strains (0.6%) was nitrofurantoin resistant (MIC 4 mg/l), this strain was metronidazole resistant (MIC 128 mg/l) and had a MIC0/1 mg/l for furazolidone.

TextSentencer_T1928

233635-233712

Sentence

denotes

The MIC50 and the MIC90 were 0.5 and 1 mg/l, respectively for nitrofurantoin.

T38462

233635-233712

Sentence

denotes

The MIC50 and the MIC90 were 0.5 and 1 mg/l, respectively for nitrofurantoin.

TextSentencer_T1929

233713-233724

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T67057

233713-233724

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1930

233725-233950

Sentence

denotes

The low frequency of furazolidone and nitrofurantoin resistance, compared to metronidazole suggests that the furazolidone and the nitrofurantoin may be good alternatives to metronidazole for treatment of H. pylori infections.

T4769

233725-233950

Sentence

denotes

The low frequency of furazolidone and nitrofurantoin resistance, compared to metronidazole suggests that the furazolidone and the nitrofurantoin may be good alternatives to metronidazole for treatment of H. pylori infections.

TextSentencer_T1931

233951-234026

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from human origins PS190

T93505

233951-234026

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from human origins PS190

TextSentencer_T1932

234027-234056

Sentence

denotes

Zhukhovitsky VG, Drabkina IV.

T13722

234027-234056

Sentence

denotes

Zhukhovitsky VG, Drabkina IV.

TextSentencer_T1933

234057-234128

Sentence

denotes

Department of Bacteriology, Botkin Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation

T25660

234057-234128

Sentence

denotes

Department of Bacteriology, Botkin Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation

TextSentencer_T1934

234129-234321

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of 50 thermophilic enteropathogenic Campylobacter spp. (TEC) isolated from human under acute diarrhoea in 2001 in Moscow.

T6301

234129-234321

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of 50 thermophilic enteropathogenic Campylobacter spp. (TEC) isolated from human under acute diarrhoea in 2001 in Moscow.

TextSentencer_T1935

234322-234389

Sentence

denotes

Among 50 TEC strains 45 C. jejuni and five C. coli were identified.

T88053

234322-234389

Sentence

denotes

Among 50 TEC strains 45 C. jejuni and five C. coli were identified.

TextSentencer_T1936

234390-234741

Sentence

denotes

The antibiotic tested by disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar with sheep blood were ampicillin (A), amoxycillin/clavulanate (AC), imipenem (I), meropenem (M), erythromycin (E), clarithromycin (Cl), tetracycline (T), doxycycline (D), gentamicin (G), azithromycin (Az), chloramphenicol (Ch), lincomycin (L), ciprofloxacin (C), nalidixic acid (NA).

T20207

234390-234741

Sentence

denotes

The antibiotic tested by disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar with sheep blood were ampicillin (A), amoxycillin/clavulanate (AC), imipenem (I), meropenem (M), erythromycin (E), clarithromycin (Cl), tetracycline (T), doxycycline (D), gentamicin (G), azithromycin (Az), chloramphenicol (Ch), lincomycin (L), ciprofloxacin (C), nalidixic acid (NA).

TextSentencer_T1937

234742-234866

Sentence

denotes

The resistant rate of the TEC isolates was highest for NA (42%) followed by A (38%), T (36%), D (20%), N (20%) and Cl (16%).

T55486

234742-234866

Sentence

denotes

The resistant rate of the TEC isolates was highest for NA (42%) followed by A (38%), T (36%), D (20%), N (20%) and Cl (16%).

TextSentencer_T1938

234867-234945

Sentence

denotes

A moderate resistance rate was obtained for A (8%), Ch (6%), Az (6%), AC (2%).

T54970

234867-234945

Sentence

denotes

A moderate resistance rate was obtained for A (8%), Ch (6%), Az (6%), AC (2%).

TextSentencer_T1939

234946-235080

Sentence

denotes

None of the isolates demonstrated resistance to I, M and G and four of 50 isolates (8%) were sensitive for all the antibiotics tested.

T19513

234946-235080

Sentence

denotes

None of the isolates demonstrated resistance to I, M and G and four of 50 isolates (8%) were sensitive for all the antibiotics tested.

TextSentencer_T1940

235081-235118

Sentence

denotes

MIC90 to NA was estimated as 64 mg/l.

T82076

235081-235118

Sentence

denotes

MIC90 to NA was estimated as 64 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T1941

235119-235216

Sentence

denotes

Among 21 NA resistant TEC strains 20 (40%) were identified as C. jejuni and one (2%) as C. coli .

T89037

235119-235216

Sentence

denotes

Among 21 NA resistant TEC strains 20 (40%) were identified as C. jejuni and one (2%) as C. coli .

TextSentencer_T1942

235217-235292

Sentence

denotes

Among C. jejuni and C. coli NA resistant rate was 44 and 20%, respectively.

T27857

235217-235292

Sentence

denotes

Among C. jejuni and C. coli NA resistant rate was 44 and 20%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T1943

235293-235382

Sentence

denotes

One NA resistant C. coli and nine NA resistant C. jejuni were resistant to ciprofloxacin.

T81196

235293-235382

Sentence

denotes

One NA resistant C. coli and nine NA resistant C. jejuni were resistant to ciprofloxacin.

TextSentencer_T1944

235383-235404

Sentence

denotes

Ring C, Atanassova V.

T51013

235383-235404

Sentence

denotes

Ring C, Atanassova V.

TextSentencer_T1945

235405-235516

Sentence

denotes

Department of Food Hygiene and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany Aim of the study:

T88597

235405-235516

Sentence

denotes

Department of Food Hygiene and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany Aim of the study:

TextSentencer_T1946

235517-235682

Sentence

denotes

Poultry meat is known to be often contaminated with Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens and thus has to be considered as a possible source for human infections.

T72487

235517-235682

Sentence

denotes

Poultry meat is known to be often contaminated with Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens and thus has to be considered as a possible source for human infections.

TextSentencer_T1947

235683-235830

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the study was to monitor the resistance of Salmonella isolates from poultry meat of different European countries to various antibiotics.

T9683

235683-235830

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the study was to monitor the resistance of Salmonella isolates from poultry meat of different European countries to various antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T1948

235831-235852

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T5233

235831-235852

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T1949

235853-236103

Sentence

denotes

From September 2001 to December 2001 a total of 422 samples of frozen poultry meat from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and Portugal were examined for the prevalence of Salmonella using classical cultural detection as well as RFLP-PCR.

T9706

235853-236103

Sentence

denotes

From September 2001 to December 2001 a total of 422 samples of frozen poultry meat from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and Portugal were examined for the prevalence of Salmonella using classical cultural detection as well as RFLP-PCR.

TextSentencer_T1950

236104-236305

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were tested for their sensitivity towards ampicilline, kanamycine, ciprofloxacine, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and erythromycine using standard procedures.

T35382

236104-236305

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were tested for their sensitivity towards ampicilline, kanamycine, ciprofloxacine, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and erythromycine using standard procedures.

TextSentencer_T1951

236306-236314

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T64830

236306-236314

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1952

236315-236381

Sentence

denotes

From 18.01% of all examined samples Salmonella spp. were isolated.

T98434

236315-236381

Sentence

denotes

From 18.01% of all examined samples Salmonella spp. were isolated.

TextSentencer_T1953

236382-236488

Sentence

denotes

Of these isolates 32.9% were characterized as Salmonella , 42.1% as S. hadar and 17.1% as S. typhimurium .

T68798

236382-236488

Sentence

denotes

Of these isolates 32.9% were characterized as Salmonella , 42.1% as S. hadar and 17.1% as S. typhimurium .

TextSentencer_T1954

236489-236548

Sentence

denotes

Nearly 100% of all isolates were resistant to erythromycin.

T39764

236489-236548

Sentence

denotes

Nearly 100% of all isolates were resistant to erythromycin.

TextSentencer_T1955

236549-236620

Sentence

denotes

Resistance towards four or more isolates was observed in several cases.

T30286

236549-236620

Sentence

denotes

Resistance towards four or more isolates was observed in several cases.

TextSentencer_T1956

236621-236632

Sentence

denotes

Discussion:

T24438

236621-236632

Sentence

denotes

Discussion:

TextSentencer_T1957

236633-236779

Sentence

denotes

The consumption of poultry meat, if insufficiently prepared, has still to be considered as a major source for human infection with Salmonella spp.

T91587

236633-236779

Sentence

denotes

The consumption of poultry meat, if insufficiently prepared, has still to be considered as a major source for human infection with Salmonella spp.

TextSentencer_T1958

236780-236921

Sentence

denotes

The question arises whether the resistance of the isolates to various antibiotics is of clinical importance in the treatment of the patients.

T75362

236780-236921

Sentence

denotes

The question arises whether the resistance of the isolates to various antibiotics is of clinical importance in the treatment of the patients.

TextSentencer_T1959

236922-236932

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T81480

236922-236932

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T1960

236933-237076

Sentence

denotes

To provide insight into the epidemiologic situation of Salmonellosis for the Nis area (the largest area in Serbia, with inhabitants */648,000).

T20311

236933-237076

Sentence

denotes

To provide insight into the epidemiologic situation of Salmonellosis for the Nis area (the largest area in Serbia, with inhabitants */648,000).

TextSentencer_T1961

237077-237085

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T74486

237077-237085

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1962

237086-237190

Sentence

denotes

The material was processed at the Institute for Public Health (Epidemiology and Microbiology divisions).

T3150

237086-237190

Sentence

denotes

The material was processed at the Institute for Public Health (Epidemiology and Microbiology divisions).

TextSentencer_T1963

237191-237356

Sentence

denotes

Isolation of microorganisms was performed on apparatus for rapid identification (Vitek-Biomerieux) and by applying ELISA tests and classical microbiological methods.

T78906

237191-237356

Sentence

denotes

Isolation of microorganisms was performed on apparatus for rapid identification (Vitek-Biomerieux) and by applying ELISA tests and classical microbiological methods.

TextSentencer_T1964

237357-237365

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T47975

237357-237365

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1965

237366-237450

Sentence

denotes

In the period 1992 Á/2000, 2857 Salmonella laboratory confirmed cases were reported.

T56380

237366-237450

Sentence

denotes

In the period 1992 Á/2000, 2857 Salmonella laboratory confirmed cases were reported.

TextSentencer_T1966

237451-237508

Sentence

denotes

The greatest number of diseased in the 0 Á/4 years group.

T59598

237451-237508

Sentence

denotes

The greatest number of diseased in the 0 Á/4 years group.

TextSentencer_T1967

237509-237806

Sentence

denotes

The most frequent isolated salmonellae were: S. enteritidis (83.7%) and S. typhimurium (11.2%), S. hadar , S. agona , S. virchow , S. infantis , S. derby , S. enteritidis showed the greatest sensitivity to antibiotics with the infrequent resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

T4400

237509-237806

Sentence

denotes

The most frequent isolated salmonellae were: S. enteritidis (83.7%) and S. typhimurium (11.2%), S. hadar , S. agona , S. virchow , S. infantis , S. derby , S. enteritidis showed the greatest sensitivity to antibiotics with the infrequent resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

TextSentencer_T1968

237807-237947

Sentence

denotes

S. typhimurium showed the greater resistance to the wide spectrum of antibiotics and some isolates were resistant to all antibiotics tested.

T7911

237807-237947

Sentence

denotes

S. typhimurium showed the greater resistance to the wide spectrum of antibiotics and some isolates were resistant to all antibiotics tested.

TextSentencer_T1969

237948-238069

Sentence

denotes

The less common types of Salmonella were sensitive to all antibiotics except trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and ampicillin.

T87977

237948-238069

Sentence

denotes

The less common types of Salmonella were sensitive to all antibiotics except trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and ampicillin.

TextSentencer_T1970

238070-238081

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T96182

238070-238081

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1971

238082-238147

Sentence

denotes

Specific resistance to some antibiotics was related to serotypes.

T22191

238082-238147

Sentence

denotes

Specific resistance to some antibiotics was related to serotypes.

TextSentencer_T1972

238148-238241

Sentence

denotes

Typhoid fever */retrospective study of 52 cases in Lebanon PS193 Tohme A, Abboud J, Ghayad E.

T55813

238148-238241

Sentence

denotes

Typhoid fever */retrospective study of 52 cases in Lebanon PS193 Tohme A, Abboud J, Ghayad E.

TextSentencer_T1973

238242-238309

Sentence

denotes

Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Internal Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon Objectives:

T28356

238242-238309

Sentence

denotes

Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Internal Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon Objectives:

TextSentencer_T1974

238310-238387

Sentence

denotes

To present epidemiological and clinical features of typhoid fever in Lebanon.

T61006

238310-238387

Sentence

denotes

To present epidemiological and clinical features of typhoid fever in Lebanon.

TextSentencer_T1975

238388-238396

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T43415

238388-238396

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T1976

238397-238481

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-two patients were seen at Hotel-Dieu Hospital of Beirut between 1995 and 1999.

T70559

238397-238481

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-two patients were seen at Hotel-Dieu Hospital of Beirut between 1995 and 1999.

TextSentencer_T1977

238482-238675

Sentence

denotes

Diagnostic criteria were positive blood culture for S. typhi or paratyphi and/or a somatic O agglutinin titer ]/ 1/160 as determined by the Widal test with symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever.

T3844

238482-238675

Sentence

denotes

Diagnostic criteria were positive blood culture for S. typhi or paratyphi and/or a somatic O agglutinin titer ]/ 1/160 as determined by the Widal test with symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever.

TextSentencer_T1978

238676-238791

Sentence

denotes

We also present an epidemiological study of 3864 cases registered by the Ministry of Health during the same period.

T71555

238676-238791

Sentence

denotes

We also present an epidemiological study of 3864 cases registered by the Ministry of Health during the same period.

TextSentencer_T1979

238792-238800

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T68316

238792-238800

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T1980

238801-238910

Sentence

denotes

Among the 3864 cases, 40% of the patients' ages were between 15 and 40 years and 33% were less than 14 years.

T28924

238801-238910

Sentence

denotes

Among the 3864 cases, 40% of the patients' ages were between 15 and 40 years and 33% were less than 14 years.

TextSentencer_T1981

238911-239019

Sentence

denotes

The overall male to female ratio was 0.98 and 24% of cases were seen on January, February and 11% on August.

T10069

238911-239019

Sentence

denotes

The overall male to female ratio was 0.98 and 24% of cases were seen on January, February and 11% on August.

TextSentencer_T1982

239020-239079

Sentence

denotes

Among the 52 patients, young adults were the most affected.

T38701

239020-239079

Sentence

denotes

Among the 52 patients, young adults were the most affected.

TextSentencer_T1983

239080-239145

Sentence

denotes

Average duration of symptoms before the diagnosis was 109/8 days.

T6864

239080-239145

Sentence

denotes

Average duration of symptoms before the diagnosis was 109/8 days.

TextSentencer_T1984

239146-239251

Sentence

denotes

The main presenting symptoms were: fever (96%), diarrhoea (37%), abdominal pain (31%) and headache (29%).

T62666

239146-239251

Sentence

denotes

The main presenting symptoms were: fever (96%), diarrhoea (37%), abdominal pain (31%) and headache (29%).

TextSentencer_T1985

239252-239345

Sentence

denotes

Complications were noted in 33% of cases and digestive complications were the most prevalent.

T55348

239252-239345

Sentence

denotes

Complications were noted in 33% of cases and digestive complications were the most prevalent.

TextSentencer_T1986

239346-239393

Sentence

denotes

Leucopenia was not a helpful diagnostic marker.

T88792

239346-239393

Sentence

denotes

Leucopenia was not a helpful diagnostic marker.

TextSentencer_T1987

239394-239451

Sentence

denotes

S. typhi was the most frequent (84%) serotype identified.

T71468

239394-239451

Sentence

denotes

S. typhi was the most frequent (84%) serotype identified.

TextSentencer_T1988

239452-239537

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to ampicilline was 13%, to cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol 10% for each.

T95933

239452-239537

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to ampicilline was 13%, to cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol 10% for each.

TextSentencer_T1989

239538-239564

Sentence

denotes

The mortality rate was 2%.

T4866

239538-239564

Sentence

denotes

The mortality rate was 2%.

TextSentencer_T1990

239565-239576

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T42239

239565-239576

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T1991

239577-239746

Sentence

denotes

Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in our country and the occurrence of resistant strains of S. typhi will favor ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolones in the treatment.

T79017

239577-239746

Sentence

denotes

Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in our country and the occurrence of resistant strains of S. typhi will favor ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolones in the treatment.

TextSentencer_T1992

239747-240049

Sentence

denotes

Maaloul I a , Hammami B a , Zambaa F a , Elleuch R a , Hammami A b , -Ben Jemaa M a . a CHU Hedi Chaker, Service des Maladies infectieuses, Sfax, Tunisia , b CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Sfax, Tunisia Although its not very frequent, the psoas abscess is not an exceptional entity.

T46153

239747-240049

Sentence

denotes

Maaloul I a , Hammami B a , Zambaa F a , Elleuch R a , Hammami A b , -Ben Jemaa M a . a CHU Hedi Chaker, Service des Maladies infectieuses, Sfax, Tunisia , b CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Sfax, Tunisia Although its not very frequent, the psoas abscess is not an exceptional entity.

TextSentencer_T1993

240050-240242

Sentence

denotes

In order to specify its clinical, biological, radiological and evolutionary features, a retrospective study has been led in our service, on a period of 14 years (January 1988 Á/December 2001).

T15133

240050-240242

Sentence

denotes

In order to specify its clinical, biological, radiological and evolutionary features, a retrospective study has been led in our service, on a period of 14 years (January 1988 Á/December 2001).

TextSentencer_T1994

240243-240283

Sentence

denotes

On the whole, 25 cases have been listed.

T78757

240243-240283

Sentence

denotes

On the whole, 25 cases have been listed.

TextSentencer_T1995

240284-240313

Sentence

denotes

They were 16 men and 9 women.

T3109

240284-240313

Sentence

denotes

They were 16 men and 9 women.

TextSentencer_T1996

240314-240367

Sentence

denotes

The age average was 40 years (extreme 14 Á/74 years).

T68672

240314-240367

Sentence

denotes

The age average was 40 years (extreme 14 Á/74 years).

TextSentencer_T1997

240368-240460

Sentence

denotes

The study did not find any underlying diseases, except diabetes mellitus for three patients.

T10000

240368-240460

Sentence

denotes

The study did not find any underlying diseases, except diabetes mellitus for three patients.

TextSentencer_T1998

240461-240572

Sentence

denotes

The clinical symptoms were dominated by fever with abdomino-lumbar aches (20 cases), and psoitis (eight cases).

T75874

240461-240572

Sentence

denotes

The clinical symptoms were dominated by fever with abdomino-lumbar aches (20 cases), and psoitis (eight cases).

TextSentencer_T1999

240573-240662

Sentence

denotes

Biology showed an inflammatory syndrome in all cases and a hyperleucocytosis in 17 cases.

T24891

240573-240662

Sentence

denotes

Biology showed an inflammatory syndrome in all cases and a hyperleucocytosis in 17 cases.

TextSentencer_T2000

240663-240759

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of psoas abscess, evoked on clinical data, has been confirmed by the imagery data:

T26529

240663-240759

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of psoas abscess, evoked on clinical data, has been confirmed by the imagery data:

TextSentencer_T2001

240760-240854

Sentence

denotes

Ultra-Songraphy (16 cases), CT scanning (six cases), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (three cases).

T44110

240760-240854

Sentence

denotes

Ultra-Songraphy (16 cases), CT scanning (six cases), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (three cases).

TextSentencer_T2002

240855-241013

Sentence

denotes

The tubercular etiology has been confirmed in six cases, among which two were associated to Escherichia coli (one case) and to Brucella melitensis (one case).

T51418

240855-241013

Sentence

denotes

The tubercular etiology has been confirmed in six cases, among which two were associated to Escherichia coli (one case) and to Brucella melitensis (one case).

TextSentencer_T2003

241014-241281

Sentence

denotes

The other etiologic agents were dominated by Staphylococcus aureus (eight cases), B. melitensis (two cases), E. coli (one case), Bacteroides fragilis (one case), Streptococcus anginosus (one case), Fusobacterium nucleaticum (one case) and Candida glabrata (one case).

T66908

241014-241281

Sentence

denotes

The other etiologic agents were dominated by Staphylococcus aureus (eight cases), B. melitensis (two cases), E. coli (one case), Bacteroides fragilis (one case), Streptococcus anginosus (one case), Fusobacterium nucleaticum (one case) and Candida glabrata (one case).

TextSentencer_T2004

241282-241375

Sentence

denotes

All patients received an anti-infectious treatment adapted to the micro organism in question.

T27486

241282-241375

Sentence

denotes

All patients received an anti-infectious treatment adapted to the micro organism in question.

TextSentencer_T2005

241376-241484

Sentence

denotes

A drainage of the abscess has been realized for 15 patients (percutaneous: nine cases, surgical: six cases).

T94694

241376-241484

Sentence

denotes

A drainage of the abscess has been realized for 15 patients (percutaneous: nine cases, surgical: six cases).

TextSentencer_T2006

241485-241530

Sentence

denotes

The evolution was favourable for 23 patients.

T87728

241485-241530

Sentence

denotes

The evolution was favourable for 23 patients.

TextSentencer_T2007

241531-241596

Sentence

denotes

However, two patients had a relapse after stopping the treatment.

T29207

241531-241596

Sentence

denotes

However, two patients had a relapse after stopping the treatment.

TextSentencer_T2008

241597-241608

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T27727

241597-241608

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2009

241609-241726

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of the psoas abscess, difficult on the clinical data, is based on the imagery techniques (US, CT, RMI).

T6286

241609-241726

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of the psoas abscess, difficult on the clinical data, is based on the imagery techniques (US, CT, RMI).

TextSentencer_T2010

241727-241830

Sentence

denotes

The percutaneous drainage guided by the imagery is recommended (in an etiological and therapeutic aim).

T11222

241727-241830

Sentence

denotes

The percutaneous drainage guided by the imagery is recommended (in an etiological and therapeutic aim).

TextSentencer_T2011

241831-241911

Sentence

denotes

Associated to an adapted antibiotherapy, it allows to defer a surgical drainage.

T39092

241831-241911

Sentence

denotes

Associated to an adapted antibiotherapy, it allows to defer a surgical drainage.

TextSentencer_T2012

241912-241952

Sentence

denotes

Zezoski MBZ, Nikolova O, Gavriloski PMG.

T20693

241912-241952

Sentence

denotes

Zezoski MBZ, Nikolova O, Gavriloski PMG.

TextSentencer_T2013

241953-242046

Sentence

denotes

Medical Center, Infectious Diseases, Prilep, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia Purpose:

T53105

241953-242046

Sentence

denotes

Medical Center, Infectious Diseases, Prilep, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia Purpose:

TextSentencer_T2014

242047-242136

Sentence

denotes

To make a list of the most frequent abdominal changes in patients with human brucellosis.

T87819

242047-242136

Sentence

denotes

To make a list of the most frequent abdominal changes in patients with human brucellosis.

TextSentencer_T2015

242137-242159

Sentence

denotes

Materials and methods:

T16905

242137-242159

Sentence

denotes

Materials and methods:

TextSentencer_T2016

242160-242240

Sentence

denotes

There were 769 new patients with human brucellosis, between 01 1991 and 12 2001.

T17924

242160-242240

Sentence

denotes

There were 769 new patients with human brucellosis, between 01 1991 and 12 2001.

TextSentencer_T2017

242241-242468

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis was made using standard clinical, biochemical and serological investigations (BAB, Wright, COOMB'S, RVK, 2-mercaptoethanol, ELISA IgM and IgG), and specially ultrasound examination of the abdomen and retro peritoneum.

T91823

242241-242468

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis was made using standard clinical, biochemical and serological investigations (BAB, Wright, COOMB'S, RVK, 2-mercaptoethanol, ELISA IgM and IgG), and specially ultrasound examination of the abdomen and retro peritoneum.

TextSentencer_T2018

242469-242477

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T56728

242469-242477

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2019

242478-242553

Sentence

denotes

Weight loss is the most frequent change, presented in 665 (86.5%) patients.

T72105

242478-242553

Sentence

denotes

Weight loss is the most frequent change, presented in 665 (86.5%) patients.

TextSentencer_T2020

242554-242768

Sentence

denotes

Follow atypical abdominal pain in 89 (5.3%), vomiting in 59 (7.7%), diarrhea in 44 (5.3%), enlarged liver in 594 (77.2%), enlarged spleen in 573 (74.5%) and hepatic lesion with increased AST and ALT in 174 (22.6%).

T97014

242554-242768

Sentence

denotes

Follow atypical abdominal pain in 89 (5.3%), vomiting in 59 (7.7%), diarrhea in 44 (5.3%), enlarged liver in 594 (77.2%), enlarged spleen in 573 (74.5%) and hepatic lesion with increased AST and ALT in 174 (22.6%).

TextSentencer_T2021

242769-242780

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T15256

242769-242780

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2022

242781-242876

Sentence

denotes

Although frequent, abdominal changes seldom could be missed in patients with human brucellosis.

T78270

242781-242876

Sentence

denotes

Although frequent, abdominal changes seldom could be missed in patients with human brucellosis.

TextSentencer_T2023

242877-243011

Sentence

denotes

We recommend routine ultrasound examination with standard biochemical test for liver function, due to avoid unnecessary complications.

T56015

242877-243011

Sentence

denotes

We recommend routine ultrasound examination with standard biochemical test for liver function, due to avoid unnecessary complications.

TextSentencer_T2024

243012-243067

Sentence

denotes

Osteoarticular complications are common in Brucellosis.

T3612

243012-243067

Sentence

denotes

Osteoarticular complications are common in Brucellosis.

TextSentencer_T2025

243068-243128

Sentence

denotes

The most common site of involvement is the sacroiliac joint.

T69139

243068-243128

Sentence

denotes

The most common site of involvement is the sacroiliac joint.

TextSentencer_T2026

243129-243234

Sentence

denotes

The osteoarticular complications such as, sacroiliitis and spondylitis are diagnosed with radiologically.

T33352

243129-243234

Sentence

denotes

The osteoarticular complications such as, sacroiliitis and spondylitis are diagnosed with radiologically.

TextSentencer_T2027

243235-243387

Sentence

denotes

In the present study, we aimed to determine the severity (grade) of sacroiliitis by using some laboratory parameters such as ESR, CRP and tube agg test.

T73532

243235-243387

Sentence

denotes

In the present study, we aimed to determine the severity (grade) of sacroiliitis by using some laboratory parameters such as ESR, CRP and tube agg test.

TextSentencer_T2028

243388-243474

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-two (34 male, 38 female) patients with Brucellosis were included in the study.

T18747

243388-243474

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-two (34 male, 38 female) patients with Brucellosis were included in the study.

TextSentencer_T2029

243475-243529

Sentence

denotes

Osteoarticular involvement was present in 44 patients.

T10431

243475-243529

Sentence

denotes

Osteoarticular involvement was present in 44 patients.

TextSentencer_T2030

243530-243608

Sentence

denotes

The most common osteoarticular finding was sacroiliitis in the patients (86%).

T71690

243530-243608

Sentence

denotes

The most common osteoarticular finding was sacroiliitis in the patients (86%).

TextSentencer_T2031

243609-243668

Sentence

denotes

Twenty (20) healthy subjects were formed the control group.

T55621

243609-243668

Sentence

denotes

Twenty (20) healthy subjects were formed the control group.

TextSentencer_T2032

243669-243825

Sentence

denotes

There was statistically significant difference between patients and controls regarding ESR, CRP, and tube agg test (P 0/0.000, 0.0017, 0.000, respectively).

T53387

243669-243825

Sentence

denotes

There was statistically significant difference between patients and controls regarding ESR, CRP, and tube agg test (P 0/0.000, 0.0017, 0.000, respectively).

TextSentencer_T2033

243826-243881

Sentence

denotes

In addition, sacroiliitis has an effect on ESR and CRP.

T46229

243826-243881

Sentence

denotes

In addition, sacroiliitis has an effect on ESR and CRP.

TextSentencer_T2034

243882-243992

Sentence

denotes

There was a positive correlation between the grade of sacroiliitis and the value of CRP (P0/0.006, r 0/0.414).

T2930

243882-243992

Sentence

denotes

There was a positive correlation between the grade of sacroiliitis and the value of CRP (P0/0.006, r 0/0.414).

TextSentencer_T2035

243993-244148

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, it has been suggested that, CRP may be used as an auxiliary or a secondary parameter in grading sacroiliac joint involvement in Brucellosis.

T59997

243993-244148

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, it has been suggested that, CRP may be used as an auxiliary or a secondary parameter in grading sacroiliac joint involvement in Brucellosis.

TextSentencer_T2036

244149-244364

Sentence

denotes

Magira EE a , Papandreoy S a , Gounaris T a , Spirelis MA a , Tasopoulos G a , Anagnostopoulou M b , Paniara O b , Gounari P a , Sioulal E a . a Evagelismos, Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece , b Evagelismos, Micro-

T20543

244149-244364

Sentence

denotes

Magira EE a , Papandreoy S a , Gounaris T a , Spirelis MA a , Tasopoulos G a , Anagnostopoulou M b , Paniara O b , Gounari P a , Sioulal E a . a Evagelismos, Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece , b Evagelismos, Micro-

TextSentencer_T2037

244365-244541

Sentence

denotes

A 65-year-old Greek farmer was admitted to the hospital because of painful scrotal swelling, hepatosplenomegaly, lumbar pain and lowgrade fever accompanied by profuse sweating.

T69211

244365-244541

Sentence

denotes

A 65-year-old Greek farmer was admitted to the hospital because of painful scrotal swelling, hepatosplenomegaly, lumbar pain and lowgrade fever accompanied by profuse sweating.

TextSentencer_T2038

244542-244636

Sentence

denotes

His life style included occupational animal exposure ingestion of raw milk and dairy products.

T39145

244542-244636

Sentence

denotes

His life style included occupational animal exposure ingestion of raw milk and dairy products.

TextSentencer_T2039

244637-244687

Sentence

denotes

The laboratory data were within the normal ranges.

T61041

244637-244687

Sentence

denotes

The laboratory data were within the normal ranges.

TextSentencer_T2040

244688-244864

Sentence

denotes

Focal hypoechoic right testicular lesions, swelling of the concurrent epididimis along with an increase in the vascularity of the right testis were seen on an Echo examination.

T53978

244688-244864

Sentence

denotes

Focal hypoechoic right testicular lesions, swelling of the concurrent epididimis along with an increase in the vascularity of the right testis were seen on an Echo examination.

TextSentencer_T2041

244865-244929

Sentence

denotes

These findings were consisting in unilateral epididimo-orchitis.

T71918

244865-244929

Sentence

denotes

These findings were consisting in unilateral epididimo-orchitis.

TextSentencer_T2042

244930-245253

Sentence

denotes

A CT scan of the lumbar spine area showed a decrease of the signal intensity localized in the anterior aspect of L5 vertebral body at the diskovertebral junction involving the subchondrial parts of the L5 and S1 vertebrae Standard tube agglutination test was positive for antibodies to Brucella melitensis (titer !/1/1280).

T13481

244930-245253

Sentence

denotes

A CT scan of the lumbar spine area showed a decrease of the signal intensity localized in the anterior aspect of L5 vertebral body at the diskovertebral junction involving the subchondrial parts of the L5 and S1 vertebrae Standard tube agglutination test was positive for antibodies to Brucella melitensis (titer !/1/1280).

TextSentencer_T2043

245254-245315

Sentence

denotes

Cultures of blood specimens were positive for B. melitensis .

T34221

245254-245315

Sentence

denotes

Cultures of blood specimens were positive for B. melitensis .

TextSentencer_T2044

245316-245419

Sentence

denotes

The patient had been given to a combination of antibiotics with doxycycline, streptomycin and rifampin.

T86520

245316-245419

Sentence

denotes

The patient had been given to a combination of antibiotics with doxycycline, streptomycin and rifampin.

TextSentencer_T2045

245420-245496

Sentence

denotes

A remarkable improvement of his clinical condition was showed 2 weeks later.

T24077

245420-245496

Sentence

denotes

A remarkable improvement of his clinical condition was showed 2 weeks later.

TextSentencer_T2046

245497-245703

Sentence

denotes

This case illustrates the following point: in areas in which brucellosis is endemic when scrotal abnormalities are seen the possibility of genitourinary tract complications of Brucella should be considered.

T46673

245497-245703

Sentence

denotes

This case illustrates the following point: in areas in which brucellosis is endemic when scrotal abnormalities are seen the possibility of genitourinary tract complications of Brucella should be considered.

TextSentencer_T2047

245704-245829

Sentence

denotes

Pappas GA a , Akritidis NK b , Mastora M b , Tsianos E a . a University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece , b 'G.

T37596

245704-245829

Sentence

denotes

Pappas GA a , Akritidis NK b , Mastora M b , Tsianos E a . a University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece , b 'G.

TextSentencer_T2048

245830-245904

Sentence

denotes

Hatzikosta ' Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Aims and scope:

T92341

245830-245904

Sentence

denotes

Hatzikosta ' Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Aims and scope:

TextSentencer_T2049

245905-245994

Sentence

denotes

To determine the incidence and forms of complications associated with Brucella infection.

T87110

245905-245994

Sentence

denotes

To determine the incidence and forms of complications associated with Brucella infection.

TextSentencer_T2050

245995-246016

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

T22811

245995-246016

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

TextSentencer_T2051

246017-246251

Sentence

denotes

We studied the 100 most recent patients, in all larger series approaching 1000, diagnosed as suffering from Brucellosis, and assessed the presence of signs and symptoms of arthritis and spondylitis, or other forms of bone involvement.

T39866

246017-246251

Sentence

denotes

We studied the 100 most recent patients, in all larger series approaching 1000, diagnosed as suffering from Brucellosis, and assessed the presence of signs and symptoms of arthritis and spondylitis, or other forms of bone involvement.

TextSentencer_T2052

246252-246385

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of Brucellosis was based on serology or isolation of Brucella species from blood cultures or cultures from other media.

T52668

246252-246385

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of Brucellosis was based on serology or isolation of Brucella species from blood cultures or cultures from other media.

TextSentencer_T2053

246386-246394

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T64346

246386-246394

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2054

246395-246516

Sentence

denotes

Osteoarticular complications were noted in 23 patients, 13 presenting with arthritis, and 10 presenting with spondylitis.

T23808

246395-246516

Sentence

denotes

Osteoarticular complications were noted in 23 patients, 13 presenting with arthritis, and 10 presenting with spondylitis.

TextSentencer_T2055

246517-246673

Sentence

denotes

Eight patients presented with genitourinary complications, either orcheoepididymitis (four patients), or hematuria resolving with treatment (four patients).

T96690

246517-246673

Sentence

denotes

Eight patients presented with genitourinary complications, either orcheoepididymitis (four patients), or hematuria resolving with treatment (four patients).

TextSentencer_T2056

246674-246713

Sentence

denotes

Meningitis was present in two patients.

T7248

246674-246713

Sentence

denotes

Meningitis was present in two patients.

TextSentencer_T2057

246714-246839

Sentence

denotes

Gastrointestinal complications (vomit and diarrhea) were present in three patients, while one patient presented with ascites.

T95811

246714-246839

Sentence

denotes

Gastrointestinal complications (vomit and diarrhea) were present in three patients, while one patient presented with ascites.

TextSentencer_T2058

246840-247032

Sentence

denotes

Respiratory tract complications, in the form of pneumonia (four patients) or bronchitis (three patients) were noted in seven patients, while one patient with pneumonia exhibited pleural fluid.

T66102

246840-247032

Sentence

denotes

Respiratory tract complications, in the form of pneumonia (four patients) or bronchitis (three patients) were noted in seven patients, while one patient with pneumonia exhibited pleural fluid.

TextSentencer_T2059

247033-247094

Sentence

denotes

Skin rashes, of macular type, were present in three patients.

T84792

247033-247094

Sentence

denotes

Skin rashes, of macular type, were present in three patients.

TextSentencer_T2060

247095-247150

Sentence

denotes

No patient presented with complications from the heart.

T58104

247095-247150

Sentence

denotes

No patient presented with complications from the heart.

TextSentencer_T2061

247151-247347

Sentence

denotes

Hematologic complications were frequent, in the form of severe (one patient) or moderate (two patients) pancytopenia, isolated thrombocytopenia (three patients), or lymphocytosis (eight patients).

T69727

247151-247347

Sentence

denotes

Hematologic complications were frequent, in the form of severe (one patient) or moderate (two patients) pancytopenia, isolated thrombocytopenia (three patients), or lymphocytosis (eight patients).

TextSentencer_T2062

247348-247398

Sentence

denotes

Akritidis NK a , Pappas GA b , Mastora M a . a 'G.

T51101

247348-247398

Sentence

denotes

Akritidis NK a , Pappas GA b , Mastora M a . a 'G.

TextSentencer_T2063

247399-247534

Sentence

denotes

Hatzikosta ' Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece , b University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Aims and scope:

T88217

247399-247534

Sentence

denotes

Hatzikosta ' Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece , b University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Aims and scope:

TextSentencer_T2064

247535-247631

Sentence

denotes

To determine the incidence and modes of bone and joint involvement in the course of Brucellosis.

T96031

247535-247631

Sentence

denotes

To determine the incidence and modes of bone and joint involvement in the course of Brucellosis.

TextSentencer_T2065

247632-247653

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

T78920

247632-247653

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

TextSentencer_T2066

247654-247817

Sentence

denotes

We studied the 100 most recent patients, in all larger series approaching 1000, diagnosed with Brucellosis, and assessed the presence of arthritis and spondylitis.

T5507

247654-247817

Sentence

denotes

We studied the 100 most recent patients, in all larger series approaching 1000, diagnosed with Brucellosis, and assessed the presence of arthritis and spondylitis.

TextSentencer_T2067

247818-247922

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of brucellosis was based on serology or isolation of Brucella species from blood cultures.

T66076

247818-247922

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of brucellosis was based on serology or isolation of Brucella species from blood cultures.

TextSentencer_T2068

247923-247931

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T91005

247923-247931

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2069

247932-248001

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-three patients exhibited a form of osteoarticular involvement.

T24815

247932-248001

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-three patients exhibited a form of osteoarticular involvement.

TextSentencer_T2070

248002-248156

Sentence

denotes

Arthritis was present in 13 patients, most often involving the knees, but also the hips, elbows, even smaller joints as intephalangeal joints of the hand.

T57534

248002-248156

Sentence

denotes

Arthritis was present in 13 patients, most often involving the knees, but also the hips, elbows, even smaller joints as intephalangeal joints of the hand.

TextSentencer_T2071

248157-248250

Sentence

denotes

Synovial fluid, when aspirated, was often characterised by an intense mononuclear infiltrate.

T49056

248157-248250

Sentence

denotes

Synovial fluid, when aspirated, was often characterised by an intense mononuclear infiltrate.

TextSentencer_T2072

248251-248358

Sentence

denotes

Spondylitis was present in 10 patients, most often involving the lumbar spine, but also the thoracic spine.

T62661

248251-248358

Sentence

denotes

Spondylitis was present in 10 patients, most often involving the lumbar spine, but also the thoracic spine.

TextSentencer_T2073

248359-248535

Sentence

denotes

The characteristic erosion on the upper anterior crest of the vertebral body was visible in plain X-rays in three patients, while MRI and bone scan were helpful in other cases.

T73947

248359-248535

Sentence

denotes

The characteristic erosion on the upper anterior crest of the vertebral body was visible in plain X-rays in three patients, while MRI and bone scan were helpful in other cases.

TextSentencer_T2074

248536-248547

Sentence

denotes

Discussion:

T36297

248536-248547

Sentence

denotes

Discussion:

TextSentencer_T2075

248548-248657

Sentence

denotes

Osteoarticular involvement in the course of brucellosis is the most common focal presentation of the disease.

T75146

248548-248657

Sentence

denotes

Osteoarticular involvement in the course of brucellosis is the most common focal presentation of the disease.

TextSentencer_T2076

248658-248830

Sentence

denotes

Acute brucellosis is often accompanied by bone and joint ache, especially of the lumbar spine, still frank involvement in the form of arthritis and spondylitis is not rare.

T45477

248658-248830

Sentence

denotes

Acute brucellosis is often accompanied by bone and joint ache, especially of the lumbar spine, still frank involvement in the form of arthritis and spondylitis is not rare.

TextSentencer_T2077

248831-249020

Sentence

denotes

Arthritis usually presents in the acute form of the disease, while spondylitis tends to be characteristic of a chronic form of the disease, often necessitating prolonged use of antibiotics.

T47172

248831-249020

Sentence

denotes

Arthritis usually presents in the acute form of the disease, while spondylitis tends to be characteristic of a chronic form of the disease, often necessitating prolonged use of antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T2078

249021-249082

Sentence

denotes

Bosilkovski M, Krteva L, Caparoska S, Grozdanovski K, Sajn B.

T68896

249021-249082

Sentence

denotes

Bosilkovski M, Krteva L, Caparoska S, Grozdanovski K, Sajn B.

TextSentencer_T2079

249083-249202

Sentence

denotes

Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Medical Faculty, Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia

T8047

249083-249202

Sentence

denotes

Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Medical Faculty, Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia

TextSentencer_T2080

249203-249283

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and twenty-six patients with brucellosis were studied prospectively.

T8861

249203-249283

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and twenty-six patients with brucellosis were studied prospectively.

TextSentencer_T2081

249284-249343

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-eight (61%) of them had osteoarticular involvement.

T56564

249284-249343

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-eight (61%) of them had osteoarticular involvement.

TextSentencer_T2082

249344-249518

Sentence

denotes

Peripheral arthritis in 46 (59%) patients was the most frequent, followed by spondilitis in 27 (35%), sacroiliitis in 15 (19%), rarely bursitis, tendinitis and osteomyelitis.

T67450

249344-249518

Sentence

denotes

Peripheral arthritis in 46 (59%) patients was the most frequent, followed by spondilitis in 27 (35%), sacroiliitis in 15 (19%), rarely bursitis, tendinitis and osteomyelitis.

TextSentencer_T2083

249519-249560

Sentence

denotes

The overall male to female ratio was 2:1.

T90038

249519-249560

Sentence

denotes

The overall male to female ratio was 2:1.

TextSentencer_T2084

249561-249600

Sentence

denotes

Their average age was 39 (SD 20) years.

T35464

249561-249600

Sentence

denotes

Their average age was 39 (SD 20) years.

TextSentencer_T2085

249601-249797

Sentence

denotes

Direct contact with animals was the reason for acquisition of the illness in 59% of patients, in 29% alimentary or aerogenous route was incriminated, and in 12% the route of aqisition was unknown.

T67837

249601-249797

Sentence

denotes

Direct contact with animals was the reason for acquisition of the illness in 59% of patients, in 29% alimentary or aerogenous route was incriminated, and in 12% the route of aqisition was unknown.

TextSentencer_T2086

249798-249900

Sentence

denotes

The average duration of the symptoms from the onset to establishing the diagnosis was 68 (SD 78) days.

T92223

249798-249900

Sentence

denotes

The average duration of the symptoms from the onset to establishing the diagnosis was 68 (SD 78) days.

TextSentencer_T2087

249901-250000

Sentence

denotes

The main presenting symptoms were joint pain (100%), sweating (77%), fatigue (58%) and fever (57%).

T17002

249901-250000

Sentence

denotes

The main presenting symptoms were joint pain (100%), sweating (77%), fatigue (58%) and fever (57%).

TextSentencer_T2088

250001-250033

Sentence

denotes

Hepatomegaly was present in 58%.

T79355

250001-250033

Sentence

denotes

Hepatomegaly was present in 58%.

TextSentencer_T2089

250034-250099

Sentence

denotes

In 49% of patients, involvement of some other system was evident.

T86731

250034-250099

Sentence

denotes

In 49% of patients, involvement of some other system was evident.

TextSentencer_T2090

250100-250359

Sentence

denotes

Comparison with patients, who did not have osteoarticular illness, showed that patients with osteoarticular involvement had significantly more often joint pain, fatigue, weight loss and more prolonged duration of symptoms before the diagnosis was established.

T30888

250100-250359

Sentence

denotes

Comparison with patients, who did not have osteoarticular illness, showed that patients with osteoarticular involvement had significantly more often joint pain, fatigue, weight loss and more prolonged duration of symptoms before the diagnosis was established.

TextSentencer_T2091

250360-250449

Sentence

denotes

Doxycycline and chloroquine as combination therapy for chronic Q fever endocarditis PS201

T15351

250360-250449

Sentence

denotes

Doxycycline and chloroquine as combination therapy for chronic Q fever endocarditis PS201

TextSentencer_T2092

250450-250490

Sentence

denotes

Calza L, Attard L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F.

T11947

250450-250490

Sentence

denotes

Calza L, Attard L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F.

TextSentencer_T2093

250491-250549

Sentence

denotes

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, S.

T13922

250491-250549

Sentence

denotes

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, S.

TextSentencer_T2094

250550-250595

Sentence

denotes

Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy Introduction:

T68605

250550-250595

Sentence

denotes

Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy Introduction:

TextSentencer_T2095

250596-250841

Sentence

denotes

Endocarditis is the main clinical manifestation of chronic Q fever, occurring in about 60 Á/70% of all reported cases, and it is diagnosed almost exclusively in patients with either cardiovascular abnormalities or an immunocompromised condition.

T18208

250596-250841

Sentence

denotes

Endocarditis is the main clinical manifestation of chronic Q fever, occurring in about 60 Á/70% of all reported cases, and it is diagnosed almost exclusively in patients with either cardiovascular abnormalities or an immunocompromised condition.

TextSentencer_T2096

250842-250854

Sentence

denotes

Case report:

T45468

250842-250854

Sentence

denotes

Case report:

TextSentencer_T2097

250855-250992

Sentence

denotes

A 62-year-old Caucasian male patient with biological prosthetic aortic valve was first hospitalized because of an interstitial pneumonia.

T71855

250855-250992

Sentence

denotes

A 62-year-old Caucasian male patient with biological prosthetic aortic valve was first hospitalized because of an interstitial pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2098

250993-251091

Sentence

denotes

Six months later, our patient was re-admitted owing to intermittent fever, chills and weight loss.

T81496

250993-251091

Sentence

denotes

Six months later, our patient was re-admitted owing to intermittent fever, chills and weight loss.

TextSentencer_T2099

251092-251192

Sentence

denotes

Echocardiographic study showed a small vegetation of 12 mm in diameter on left cusp of aortic valve.

T93474

251092-251192

Sentence

denotes

Echocardiographic study showed a small vegetation of 12 mm in diameter on left cusp of aortic valve.

TextSentencer_T2100

251193-251357

Sentence

denotes

Serology for Coxiella burnetii revealed a complement-fixing IgG antibody titer to phase I antigen of more than 1:2048, consistent with chronic Q fever endocarditis.

T17517

251193-251357

Sentence

denotes

Serology for Coxiella burnetii revealed a complement-fixing IgG antibody titer to phase I antigen of more than 1:2048, consistent with chronic Q fever endocarditis.

TextSentencer_T2101

251358-251491

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial therapy with i.v. doxycycline and oral chloroquine was started, leading to a clinical and echocardiographical recovery.

T25102

251358-251491

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial therapy with i.v. doxycycline and oral chloroquine was started, leading to a clinical and echocardiographical recovery.

TextSentencer_T2102

251492-251615

Sentence

denotes

Therapy was continued by oral doxycycline and chloroquine, and the patient remained asymptomatic during a 2-year follow up.

T2943

251492-251615

Sentence

denotes

Therapy was continued by oral doxycycline and chloroquine, and the patient remained asymptomatic during a 2-year follow up.

TextSentencer_T2103

251616-251627

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T37092

251616-251627

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2104

251628-251840

Sentence

denotes

The optimal treatment of Q fever endocarditis has not been well established: the most effective antimicrobials are fluoroquinolones and rifampin, but chloramphenicol, doxycycline and trimethoprim are also useful.

T58149

251628-251840

Sentence

denotes

The optimal treatment of Q fever endocarditis has not been well established: the most effective antimicrobials are fluoroquinolones and rifampin, but chloramphenicol, doxycycline and trimethoprim are also useful.

TextSentencer_T2105

251841-252019

Sentence

denotes

The role of chloroquine in combination with doxycycline seems to be promising, because chloroquine may increase the lysosomal pH, enhancing the doxycycline bactericidal activity.

T29650

251841-252019

Sentence

denotes

The role of chloroquine in combination with doxycycline seems to be promising, because chloroquine may increase the lysosomal pH, enhancing the doxycycline bactericidal activity.

TextSentencer_T2106

252020-252098

Sentence

denotes

Akritidis NK a , Pappas GA b , Mastora M a , Liappis E a , Tsianos E b . a 'G.

T41890

252020-252098

Sentence

denotes

Akritidis NK a , Pappas GA b , Mastora M a , Liappis E a , Tsianos E b . a 'G.

TextSentencer_T2107

252099-252235

Sentence

denotes

Hatzikosta ' Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece , b University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Aims and scopes:

T11699

252099-252235

Sentence

denotes

Hatzikosta ' Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece , b University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Ioannina, Greece Aims and scopes:

TextSentencer_T2108

252236-252399

Sentence

denotes

To review the incidence and the forms of lower respiratory tract infection in patients suffering from Q fever, and their clinical and radiological characteristics.

T13215

252236-252399

Sentence

denotes

To review the incidence and the forms of lower respiratory tract infection in patients suffering from Q fever, and their clinical and radiological characteristics.

TextSentencer_T2109

252400-252421

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

T26097

252400-252421

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

TextSentencer_T2110

252422-252549

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-seven patients diagnosed as suffering from Q fever, were assessed for the presence of lower respiratory tract infection.

T15235

252422-252549

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-seven patients diagnosed as suffering from Q fever, were assessed for the presence of lower respiratory tract infection.

TextSentencer_T2111

252550-252592

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis was confirmed serologically.

T65819

252550-252592

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis was confirmed serologically.

TextSentencer_T2112

252593-252601

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T56029

252593-252601

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2113

252602-252718

Sentence

denotes

Thirteen patients expressed lower respiratory tract pathology, as confirmed by clinical examination and chest X-ray.

T83878

252602-252718

Sentence

denotes

Thirteen patients expressed lower respiratory tract pathology, as confirmed by clinical examination and chest X-ray.

TextSentencer_T2114

252719-252840

Sentence

denotes

In 11 of these patients the main cause of admission was respiratory tract symptoms, ranging from dry cough to hemoptysis.

T92552

252719-252840

Sentence

denotes

In 11 of these patients the main cause of admission was respiratory tract symptoms, ranging from dry cough to hemoptysis.

TextSentencer_T2115

252841-252885

Sentence

denotes

Chest X-ray was pathological in 13 patients:

T99518

252841-252885

Sentence

denotes

Chest X-ray was pathological in 13 patients:

TextSentencer_T2116

252886-252992

Sentence

denotes

10 patients had lobar pneumonia, two of them multiple nodular opacities, and one of them bronchopneumonia.

T18245

252886-252992

Sentence

denotes

10 patients had lobar pneumonia, two of them multiple nodular opacities, and one of them bronchopneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2117

252993-253024

Sentence

denotes

Hepatitis was a common finding.

T57082

252993-253024

Sentence

denotes

Hepatitis was a common finding.

TextSentencer_T2118

253025-253069

Sentence

denotes

All patients were treated with tetracycline.

T32746

253025-253069

Sentence

denotes

All patients were treated with tetracycline.

TextSentencer_T2119

253070-253081

Sentence

denotes

Discussion:

T49462

253070-253081

Sentence

denotes

Discussion:

TextSentencer_T2120

253082-253241

Sentence

denotes

Although Coxiella burnetii infection is acquired via the respiratory tract, it is paradoxical that symptoms attributed to the lung are not invariably positive.

T39128

253082-253241

Sentence

denotes

Although Coxiella burnetii infection is acquired via the respiratory tract, it is paradoxical that symptoms attributed to the lung are not invariably positive.

TextSentencer_T2121

253242-253322

Sentence

denotes

Q fever pneumonia is an atypical pneumonia that usually follows a benign course.

T69374

253242-253322

Sentence

denotes

Q fever pneumonia is an atypical pneumonia that usually follows a benign course.

TextSentencer_T2122

253323-253427

Sentence

denotes

Diangostic suspicion is usually raised by the epidemiologic pattern and the accompanying mild hepatitis.

T23556

253323-253427

Sentence

denotes

Diangostic suspicion is usually raised by the epidemiologic pattern and the accompanying mild hepatitis.

TextSentencer_T2123

253428-253469

Sentence

denotes

Pleural effusion is not a common finding.

T66129

253428-253469

Sentence

denotes

Pleural effusion is not a common finding.

TextSentencer_T2124

253470-253565

Sentence

denotes

The usual radiologic appearance of Q fever pneumonia is that of a lobar or segmental pneumonia.

T78590

253470-253565

Sentence

denotes

The usual radiologic appearance of Q fever pneumonia is that of a lobar or segmental pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2125

253566-253771

Sentence

denotes

One important aspect of Q fever pneumonia is its common presentation in the form of multiple nodular opacities often necessitating the exclusion of malignancy. (16), culture (4), and serology'/culture (2).

T48212

253566-253771

Sentence

denotes

One important aspect of Q fever pneumonia is its common presentation in the form of multiple nodular opacities often necessitating the exclusion of malignancy. (16), culture (4), and serology'/culture (2).

TextSentencer_T2126

253772-253829

Sentence

denotes

There were 0 Á/4 cases per year, mainly in October (73%).

T88420

253772-253829

Sentence

denotes

There were 0 Á/4 cases per year, mainly in October (73%).

TextSentencer_T2127

253830-253916

Sentence

denotes

A history of exposition to hare was present in 24/25 (96%) and to marmot in 1/25 (4%).

T9048

253830-253916

Sentence

denotes

A history of exposition to hare was present in 24/25 (96%) and to marmot in 1/25 (4%).

TextSentencer_T2128

253917-254059

Sentence

denotes

Skinning (18/25 72%), animal contact (5/25 20%), bite (1/25) and wound during bait preparation with frozen meat for hunting (1/25) were noted.

T22339

253917-254059

Sentence

denotes

Skinning (18/25 72%), animal contact (5/25 20%), bite (1/25) and wound during bait preparation with frozen meat for hunting (1/25) were noted.

TextSentencer_T2129

254060-254156

Sentence

denotes

The initial clinical presentation was ulceroglandular (77%), glandular (19%) and pneumonic (4%).

T94657

254060-254156

Sentence

denotes

The initial clinical presentation was ulceroglandular (77%), glandular (19%) and pneumonic (4%).

TextSentencer_T2130

254157-254255

Sentence

denotes

The involved nodes distribution was axillary (12/24), cubital/axillary (10/24) and cubital (2/24).

T5783

254157-254255

Sentence

denotes

The involved nodes distribution was axillary (12/24), cubital/axillary (10/24) and cubital (2/24).

TextSentencer_T2131

254256-254405

Sentence

denotes

Median incubation period was 3 days (range 1 Á/6); time to consultation 3 days (range 0 Á/7), and time for effective treatment 7 days (range 0 Á/23).

T54557

254256-254405

Sentence

denotes

Median incubation period was 3 days (range 1 Á/6); time to consultation 3 days (range 0 Á/7), and time for effective treatment 7 days (range 0 Á/23).

TextSentencer_T2132

254406-254470

Sentence

denotes

An initial diagnosis of tularemia was made presumptively in 42%.

T33452

254406-254470

Sentence

denotes

An initial diagnosis of tularemia was made presumptively in 42%.

TextSentencer_T2133

254471-254573

Sentence

denotes

Effective antibiotic regimen used was aminoglycosides in 73% (19/26), and tetracyclines in 27% (7/26).

T81863

254471-254573

Sentence

denotes

Effective antibiotic regimen used was aminoglycosides in 73% (19/26), and tetracyclines in 27% (7/26).

TextSentencer_T2134

254574-254627

Sentence

denotes

Note that intravenous netilmicin was used in 6 cases.

T76974

254574-254627

Sentence

denotes

Note that intravenous netilmicin was used in 6 cases.

TextSentencer_T2135

254628-254769

Sentence

denotes

Complication rate was 35% (9/26) with one death (4%), and was associated with delay in effective treatment ( !/8 days of illness) (P B/0.05).

T16531

254628-254769

Sentence

denotes

Complication rate was 35% (9/26) with one death (4%), and was associated with delay in effective treatment ( !/8 days of illness) (P B/0.05).

TextSentencer_T2136

254770-254781

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T15190

254770-254781

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2137

254782-254913

Sentence

denotes

In our area tularemia occured mainly in male population, during autumn, with a short incubation period and history of hare contact.

T77579

254782-254913

Sentence

denotes

In our area tularemia occured mainly in male population, during autumn, with a short incubation period and history of hare contact.

TextSentencer_T2138

254914-254981

Sentence

denotes

Delay before appropriate treatment increased the complication rate.

T60592

254914-254981

Sentence

denotes

Delay before appropriate treatment increased the complication rate.

TextSentencer_T2139

254982-255094

Sentence

denotes

Bompolaki I, Doukakis S, Triantafillidou D, Polimili G, Kastanakis M, Nikiforakis K, Vittorakis E, Kastanakis S.

T1200

254982-255094

Sentence

denotes

Bompolaki I, Doukakis S, Triantafillidou D, Polimili G, Kastanakis M, Nikiforakis K, Vittorakis E, Kastanakis S.

TextSentencer_T2140

255095-255285

Sentence

denotes

First Medical Department, 'Saint George ' General Hospital, Chania, Greece A severe frontal and/or retroorbital headache represents the most common neurologic manifestation of murine typhus.

T86867

255095-255285

Sentence

denotes

First Medical Department, 'Saint George ' General Hospital, Chania, Greece A severe frontal and/or retroorbital headache represents the most common neurologic manifestation of murine typhus.

TextSentencer_T2141

255286-255433

Sentence

denotes

Other neurologic manifestations as confusion, stupor, nuchal rigidity and in severe cases delirium, extreme agitation or coma appear less commonly.

T36466

255286-255433

Sentence

denotes

Other neurologic manifestations as confusion, stupor, nuchal rigidity and in severe cases delirium, extreme agitation or coma appear less commonly.

TextSentencer_T2142

255434-255598

Sentence

denotes

Eightyfour patients with compatible clinical status of murine typhus and high serological titers of antibodies against Rickettsia typhi, were studied from our team.

T67254

255434-255598

Sentence

denotes

Eightyfour patients with compatible clinical status of murine typhus and high serological titers of antibodies against Rickettsia typhi, were studied from our team.

TextSentencer_T2143

255599-255690

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-four patients (88%) presented headache and nine patients (11%) presented confusion.

T32611

255599-255690

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-four patients (88%) presented headache and nine patients (11%) presented confusion.

TextSentencer_T2144

255691-255824

Sentence

denotes

One patient (1.1%) presented nuchal rigidity in combination with severe headache and confusion giving us the suspicion of meningitis.

T94782

255691-255824

Sentence

denotes

One patient (1.1%) presented nuchal rigidity in combination with severe headache and confusion giving us the suspicion of meningitis.

TextSentencer_T2145

255825-255928

Sentence

denotes

In this case a lumbar puncture was performed emergently and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined.

T49569

255825-255928

Sentence

denotes

In this case a lumbar puncture was performed emergently and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined.

TextSentencer_T2146

255929-255963

Sentence

denotes

The findings of CSF were proteins:

T89345

255929-255963

Sentence

denotes

The findings of CSF were proteins:

TextSentencer_T2147

255964-255977

Sentence

denotes

9 mg/dl, WBC:

T57248

255964-255977

Sentence

denotes

9 mg/dl, WBC:

TextSentencer_T2148

255978-255996

Sentence

denotes

16/ml and glucose:

T75088

255978-255996

Sentence

denotes

16/ml and glucose:

TextSentencer_T2149

255997-256035

Sentence

denotes

73 mg/dl and its culture was negative.

T5909

255997-256035

Sentence

denotes

73 mg/dl and its culture was negative.

TextSentencer_T2150

256036-256105

Sentence

denotes

All patients were treated with a specific anti-rickettsial treatment.

T96226

256036-256105

Sentence

denotes

All patients were treated with a specific anti-rickettsial treatment.

TextSentencer_T2151

256106-256176

Sentence

denotes

The outcome of murine typhus was favorable for all 84 patients (100%).

T38068

256106-256176

Sentence

denotes

The outcome of murine typhus was favorable for all 84 patients (100%).

TextSentencer_T2152

256177-256222

Sentence

denotes

No one patient presented neurologic sequelae.

T68760

256177-256222

Sentence

denotes

No one patient presented neurologic sequelae.

TextSentencer_T2153

256223-256349

Sentence

denotes

Conjunctivitis usually accompany rickettsial diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, epidemic typhus and murine typhus.

T63963

256223-256349

Sentence

denotes

Conjunctivitis usually accompany rickettsial diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, epidemic typhus and murine typhus.

TextSentencer_T2154

256350-256593

Sentence

denotes

Eightythree patients with compatible clinical status of murine typhus and high serological titers of antibodies against Rickettsia typhi , were studied from our team, during a period of time between January 1993 and the first semester of 1998.

T63855

256350-256593

Sentence

denotes

Eightythree patients with compatible clinical status of murine typhus and high serological titers of antibodies against Rickettsia typhi , were studied from our team, during a period of time between January 1993 and the first semester of 1998.

TextSentencer_T2155

256594-256703

Sentence

denotes

The clinical examination of these patients revealed the presence of conjunctivitis in 21/83 patients (25.6%).

T3468

256594-256703

Sentence

denotes

The clinical examination of these patients revealed the presence of conjunctivitis in 21/83 patients (25.6%).

TextSentencer_T2156

256704-256783

Sentence

denotes

In the same time these patients referred retroocular pain and mild photophobia.

T93146

256704-256783

Sentence

denotes

In the same time these patients referred retroocular pain and mild photophobia.

TextSentencer_T2157

256784-256871

Sentence

denotes

This study showed that in murine typhus the injection of conjunctivae is rather common.

T6973

256784-256871

Sentence

denotes

This study showed that in murine typhus the injection of conjunctivae is rather common.

TextSentencer_T2158

256872-257034

Sentence

denotes

Almost a quarter of the patients presented conjunctivitis despite the fact, that this ocular manifestation is less severe than in other typhus and spotted fevers.

T41921

256872-257034

Sentence

denotes

Almost a quarter of the patients presented conjunctivitis despite the fact, that this ocular manifestation is less severe than in other typhus and spotted fevers.

TextSentencer_T2159

257035-257279

Sentence

denotes

Eighty-three patients with compatible clinical status of murine typhus and high serological titers of antibodies against Rickettsia typhi , were studied from our team, during a period of time between January 1993 and the first semester of 1998.

T97163

257035-257279

Sentence

denotes

Eighty-three patients with compatible clinical status of murine typhus and high serological titers of antibodies against Rickettsia typhi , were studied from our team, during a period of time between January 1993 and the first semester of 1998.

TextSentencer_T2160

257280-257383

Sentence

denotes

Three blood samples were obtained from each patient for the study of their hematological abnormalities.

T1597

257280-257383

Sentence

denotes

Three blood samples were obtained from each patient for the study of their hematological abnormalities.

TextSentencer_T2161

257384-257514

Sentence

denotes

The first sample was obtained on admission, the second sample 2 weeks after the first, the third sample, 1 month after the second.

T80707

257384-257514

Sentence

denotes

The first sample was obtained on admission, the second sample 2 weeks after the first, the third sample, 1 month after the second.

TextSentencer_T2162

257515-257659

Sentence

denotes

On admission 26/83 patients (31%) presented anemia, 6/83 patients (7%) presented leukopenia and 42/83 patients (51%) presented thrombocytopenia.

T61602

257515-257659

Sentence

denotes

On admission 26/83 patients (31%) presented anemia, 6/83 patients (7%) presented leukopenia and 42/83 patients (51%) presented thrombocytopenia.

TextSentencer_T2163

257660-257779

Sentence

denotes

The mean value of hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets was 12.4 g/dl, 6.1)/10 3 and 147)/10 3 /ml, respectively.

T29543

257660-257779

Sentence

denotes

The mean value of hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets was 12.4 g/dl, 6.1)/10 3 and 147)/10 3 /ml, respectively.

TextSentencer_T2164

257780-257977

Sentence

denotes

Two weeks later anemia was presented in 45/83 patients (54%), 3/83 patients (4%) presented leukopenia, 3/83 patients (4%) presented leucocytosis and 15/83 patients (18%) presented thrombocytopenia.

T72710

257780-257977

Sentence

denotes

Two weeks later anemia was presented in 45/83 patients (54%), 3/83 patients (4%) presented leukopenia, 3/83 patients (4%) presented leucocytosis and 15/83 patients (18%) presented thrombocytopenia.

TextSentencer_T2165

257978-258097

Sentence

denotes

The mean value of hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets was 11.3 g/dl, 7.0)/10 3 and 248)/10 3 /ml, respectively.

T15277

257978-258097

Sentence

denotes

The mean value of hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets was 11.3 g/dl, 7.0)/10 3 and 248)/10 3 /ml, respectively.

TextSentencer_T2166

258098-258196

Sentence

denotes

One month later 11/42 patients (26%) had anemia and 2/42 patients (5%) presented thrombocytopenia.

T30854

258098-258196

Sentence

denotes

One month later 11/42 patients (26%) had anemia and 2/42 patients (5%) presented thrombocytopenia.

TextSentencer_T2167

258197-258316

Sentence

denotes

The mean value of hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets was 12.4 g/dl, 6.4)/10 3 and 242)/10 3 /ml, respectively.

T93438

258197-258316

Sentence

denotes

The mean value of hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets was 12.4 g/dl, 6.4)/10 3 and 242)/10 3 /ml, respectively.

TextSentencer_T2168

258317-258454

Sentence

denotes

Our study showed that early thrombocytopenia and anemia are frequent in murine typhus and that white blood cells count is usually normal.

T98142

258317-258454

Sentence

denotes

Our study showed that early thrombocytopenia and anemia are frequent in murine typhus and that white blood cells count is usually normal.

TextSentencer_T2169

258455-258607

Sentence

denotes

Renal function in murine typhus: a study of 83 cases PS207 Doukakis S, Polimili G, Triantafillidou D, Kastanakis M, Vittorakis E, Palla K, Kastanakis S.

T90331

258455-258607

Sentence

denotes

Renal function in murine typhus: a study of 83 cases PS207 Doukakis S, Polimili G, Triantafillidou D, Kastanakis M, Vittorakis E, Palla K, Kastanakis S.

TextSentencer_T2170

258608-258682

Sentence

denotes

First Medical Department, 'Saint George ' General Hospital, Chania, Greece

T33979

258608-258682

Sentence

denotes

First Medical Department, 'Saint George ' General Hospital, Chania, Greece

TextSentencer_T2171

258683-258783

Sentence

denotes

The clinical course of murine typhus is usually uncomplicated and the mortality rate is low ( B/1%).

T55149

258683-258783

Sentence

denotes

The clinical course of murine typhus is usually uncomplicated and the mortality rate is low ( B/1%).

TextSentencer_T2172

258784-258927

Sentence

denotes

Advanced age and prolonged interval before administration of a specific anti-rickettsial treatment are correlated with severity of the disease.

T87446

258784-258927

Sentence

denotes

Advanced age and prolonged interval before administration of a specific anti-rickettsial treatment are correlated with severity of the disease.

TextSentencer_T2173

258928-259035

Sentence

denotes

Renal function in murine typhus is usually unaltered except in elderly patients with prolonged hypotension.

T52220

258928-259035

Sentence

denotes

Renal function in murine typhus is usually unaltered except in elderly patients with prolonged hypotension.

TextSentencer_T2174

259036-259279

Sentence

denotes

Eighty-three patients with compatible clinical status of murine typhus and high serological titres of antibodies against Rickettsia typhi, were studied from our team, during a period of time between January 1993 and the first semester of 1998.

T78607

259036-259279

Sentence

denotes

Eighty-three patients with compatible clinical status of murine typhus and high serological titres of antibodies against Rickettsia typhi, were studied from our team, during a period of time between January 1993 and the first semester of 1998.

TextSentencer_T2175

259280-259370

Sentence

denotes

Three blood samples were obtained from each patient for the study of their renal function.

T6660

259280-259370

Sentence

denotes

Three blood samples were obtained from each patient for the study of their renal function.

TextSentencer_T2176

259371-259567

Sentence

denotes

The first sample was obtained on admission, the second sample approximately 2 weeks after the first, the third sample, taken from the half of the patients, was obtained one month after the second.

T51273

259371-259567

Sentence

denotes

The first sample was obtained on admission, the second sample approximately 2 weeks after the first, the third sample, taken from the half of the patients, was obtained one month after the second.

TextSentencer_T2177

259568-259632

Sentence

denotes

On admission 4/83 patients (5.0%) presented acute renal failure.

T187

259568-259632

Sentence

denotes

On admission 4/83 patients (5.0%) presented acute renal failure.

TextSentencer_T2178

259633-259704

Sentence

denotes

The outcome of murine typhus was favourable for all 83 patients (100%).

T24926

259633-259704

Sentence

denotes

The outcome of murine typhus was favourable for all 83 patients (100%).

TextSentencer_T2179

259705-259858

Sentence

denotes

The four patients who presented acute renal failure reversed after the administration of anti-rickettsial treatment and careful administration of fluids.

T41157

259705-259858

Sentence

denotes

The four patients who presented acute renal failure reversed after the administration of anti-rickettsial treatment and careful administration of fluids.

TextSentencer_T2180

259859-259995

Sentence

denotes

In murine typhus the induction of hypovolaemia insufficiently corrected by normal homeostatic mechanisms may lead to prerenal azotaemia.

T17831

259859-259995

Sentence

denotes

In murine typhus the induction of hypovolaemia insufficiently corrected by normal homeostatic mechanisms may lead to prerenal azotaemia.

TextSentencer_T2181

259996-260162

Sentence

denotes

In these cases the immediate onset of an antirickettsial treatment and the correction of hypovolaemia are essential for the rapid clinical improvement of the patient.

T75674

259996-260162

Sentence

denotes

In these cases the immediate onset of an antirickettsial treatment and the correction of hypovolaemia are essential for the rapid clinical improvement of the patient.

TextSentencer_T2182

260163-260270

Sentence

denotes

Experimental ocular toxoplasmosis: clinical, histopathological, immunological and therapeutic studies PS208

T35276

260163-260270

Sentence

denotes

Experimental ocular toxoplasmosis: clinical, histopathological, immunological and therapeutic studies PS208

TextSentencer_T2183

260271-260453

Sentence

denotes

El Zawawy LAE a , Hammoda NA a , Allam SR a , Ali SM a , Galal AS b . a Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology, Alexandria, Egypt , b Faculty of Medicine, Ophthalmology, Alexandria, Egypt

T5067

260271-260453

Sentence

denotes

El Zawawy LAE a , Hammoda NA a , Allam SR a , Ali SM a , Galal AS b . a Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology, Alexandria, Egypt , b Faculty of Medicine, Ophthalmology, Alexandria, Egypt

TextSentencer_T2184

260454-260738

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to investigate clinical, histopathological, immunological and therapeutic features of an experimental model of ocular toxoplasmosis in sensitized and non sensitized rabbits and to assess the influence of treatment by interleukin2 (IL-2) on ocular lesions.

T60134

260454-260738

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to investigate clinical, histopathological, immunological and therapeutic features of an experimental model of ocular toxoplasmosis in sensitized and non sensitized rabbits and to assess the influence of treatment by interleukin2 (IL-2) on ocular lesions.

TextSentencer_T2185

260739-260889

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained was that 'Toxoplasma' retnochoroiditis developed in both groups of rabbits with more pronounced effect in non sensitized animals.

T82384

260739-260889

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained was that 'Toxoplasma' retnochoroiditis developed in both groups of rabbits with more pronounced effect in non sensitized animals.

TextSentencer_T2186

260890-260999

Sentence

denotes

Administration of IL-2 improved ocular lesions in both groups with more evident effect in sensitized rabbits.

T28269

260890-260999

Sentence

denotes

Administration of IL-2 improved ocular lesions in both groups with more evident effect in sensitized rabbits.

TextSentencer_T2187

261000-261088

Sentence

denotes

Immunological findings were consistent with clinical and histopathological observations.

T84159

261000-261088

Sentence

denotes

Immunological findings were consistent with clinical and histopathological observations.

TextSentencer_T2188

261089-261208

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached was that; ocular lesions were manifested in non sensitized rabbits more than in sensitized ones.

T68414

261089-261208

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached was that; ocular lesions were manifested in non sensitized rabbits more than in sensitized ones.

TextSentencer_T2189

261209-261309

Sentence

denotes

IL-2 revealed a significant impact on improving the host defense against toxoplasm infection in eye.

T3225

261209-261309

Sentence

denotes

IL-2 revealed a significant impact on improving the host defense against toxoplasm infection in eye.

TextSentencer_T2190

261310-261408

Sentence

denotes

Immunotherapy with IL-2 would open the way for a new range of treatment based on immunomodulation.

T28337

261310-261408

Sentence

denotes

Immunotherapy with IL-2 would open the way for a new range of treatment based on immunomodulation.

TextSentencer_T2191

261409-261562

Sentence

denotes

Express-diagnostic of Streptococcus antigen for the adequate antibiotic therapy in patients with pharyngitis PS209 Pertseva TO, Konopkina LI, Kireeva TV.

T87007

261409-261562

Sentence

denotes

Express-diagnostic of Streptococcus antigen for the adequate antibiotic therapy in patients with pharyngitis PS209 Pertseva TO, Konopkina LI, Kireeva TV.

TextSentencer_T2192

261563-261613

Sentence

denotes

DSMA, Internal Medicine , Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine

T61906

261563-261613

Sentence

denotes

DSMA, Internal Medicine , Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine

TextSentencer_T2193

261614-261639

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

T93021

261614-261639

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T2194

261640-261768

Sentence

denotes

Evaluation of effectivness of Streptococcus express-diagnostic for the adequate antibiotic therapy in patients with pharyngitis.

T53483

261640-261768

Sentence

denotes

Evaluation of effectivness of Streptococcus express-diagnostic for the adequate antibiotic therapy in patients with pharyngitis.

TextSentencer_T2195

261769-261777

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T30959

261769-261777

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2196

261778-261863

Sentence

denotes

We deal with clinical and microbiological comparison in 53 patients with pharyngitis.

T27206

261778-261863

Sentence

denotes

We deal with clinical and microbiological comparison in 53 patients with pharyngitis.

TextSentencer_T2197

261864-262011

Sentence

denotes

Using of Streptococcus antigen express diagnostic in swabs from the backside of pharynx allowed to get positive results in the seven cases (13.2%).

T5189

261864-262011

Sentence

denotes

Using of Streptococcus antigen express diagnostic in swabs from the backside of pharynx allowed to get positive results in the seven cases (13.2%).

TextSentencer_T2198

262012-262065

Sentence

denotes

Following cultural study has confirmed these results.

T47386

262012-262065

Sentence

denotes

Following cultural study has confirmed these results.

TextSentencer_T2199

262066-262219

Sentence

denotes

Positive test was more probable in patients with pronounced fever (more than 38 8C), headache, weakness and in cases associated with chronic tonsillitis.

T73593

262066-262219

Sentence

denotes

Positive test was more probable in patients with pronounced fever (more than 38 8C), headache, weakness and in cases associated with chronic tonsillitis.

TextSentencer_T2200

262220-262400

Sentence

denotes

Isolated Streptococcus pyogenes was susceptible to ampicillin, claritromicin, erytromicin, azytromicin, , clindamicin, ceftriaxon, levafloxacin, oxacillin, cefuroxim, roxytromicin.

T85768

262220-262400

Sentence

denotes

Isolated Streptococcus pyogenes was susceptible to ampicillin, claritromicin, erytromicin, azytromicin, , clindamicin, ceftriaxon, levafloxacin, oxacillin, cefuroxim, roxytromicin.

TextSentencer_T2201

262401-262412

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T56420

262401-262412

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2202

262413-262604

Sentence

denotes

Using of the express diagnostic of Streptococcus antigen allows to restrict groundless prescription of antibiotic therapy in patients with other types pharyngitis (i.e. viral, candidal etc.).

T77876

262413-262604

Sentence

denotes

Using of the express diagnostic of Streptococcus antigen allows to restrict groundless prescription of antibiotic therapy in patients with other types pharyngitis (i.e. viral, candidal etc.).

TextSentencer_T2203

262605-262828

Sentence

denotes

Alabaz D a , Turgut M a , Kocabas E a , Tumgor G a , Yaman A b , Alhan E a . a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey , b Department of Microbiology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

T49862

262605-262828

Sentence

denotes

Alabaz D a , Turgut M a , Kocabas E a , Tumgor G a , Yaman A b , Alhan E a . a Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey , b Department of Microbiology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

TextSentencer_T2204

262829-262939

Sentence

denotes

Chickenpox is a common viral infection that usually follows a benign, self limited course in healthy children.

T90461

262829-262939

Sentence

denotes

Chickenpox is a common viral infection that usually follows a benign, self limited course in healthy children.

TextSentencer_T2205

262940-263108

Sentence

denotes

The most common complication in children with varicella is superimposed cutaneous infections with pyogenic bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus ).

T23278

262940-263108

Sentence

denotes

The most common complication in children with varicella is superimposed cutaneous infections with pyogenic bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus ).

TextSentencer_T2206

263109-263227

Sentence

denotes

Varicella gangrenosum, a necrotising soft tissue infection complicating the vesicular eruption of chickenpox, is rare.

T65976

263109-263227

Sentence

denotes

Varicella gangrenosum, a necrotising soft tissue infection complicating the vesicular eruption of chickenpox, is rare.

TextSentencer_T2207

263228-263318

Sentence

denotes

Here we present three cases with necrotising soft tissue infections following chicken pox.

T23415

263228-263318

Sentence

denotes

Here we present three cases with necrotising soft tissue infections following chicken pox.

TextSentencer_T2208

263319-263467

Sentence

denotes

These children were admitted because of common crusted lesions and necrotising soft tissue infection over the neck, the back, and the inguinal area.

T70933

263319-263467

Sentence

denotes

These children were admitted because of common crusted lesions and necrotising soft tissue infection over the neck, the back, and the inguinal area.

TextSentencer_T2209

263468-263534

Sentence

denotes

They all had the contact history and ensuing vesiculopapular rush.

T8578

263468-263534

Sentence

denotes

They all had the contact history and ensuing vesiculopapular rush.

TextSentencer_T2210

263535-263628

Sentence

denotes

These infections were caused by group A streptococci in two cases, and S. aureus in one case.

T42216

263535-263628

Sentence

denotes

These infections were caused by group A streptococci in two cases, and S. aureus in one case.

TextSentencer_T2211

263629-263762

Sentence

denotes

After instituting of appropriate antibiotic therapy, each patient underwent a surgical exploration with fasciotomies and debridement.

T14885

263629-263762

Sentence

denotes

After instituting of appropriate antibiotic therapy, each patient underwent a surgical exploration with fasciotomies and debridement.

TextSentencer_T2212

263763-263973

Sentence

denotes

Widespread use of varicella vaccine may decrease invasive infections in children, adolescents, and adults, thus decreasing the burden the disease with its complications impose up on the family and the society .

T79192

263763-263973

Sentence

denotes

Widespread use of varicella vaccine may decrease invasive infections in children, adolescents, and adults, thus decreasing the burden the disease with its complications impose up on the family and the society .

TextSentencer_T2213

263974-264021

Sentence

denotes

Cefprozil is a second generation cephalosporin.

T434

263974-264021

Sentence

denotes

Cefprozil is a second generation cephalosporin.

TextSentencer_T2214

264022-264189

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this open, multicentre, non-comparative study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of cefprozil in the treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.

T60069

264022-264189

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this open, multicentre, non-comparative study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of cefprozil in the treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.

TextSentencer_T2215

264190-264286

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-eight patients were clinically assessed for signs and symptoms of streptococcal infection.

T53533

264190-264286

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-eight patients were clinically assessed for signs and symptoms of streptococcal infection.

TextSentencer_T2216

264287-264411

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory confirma-tion was sought using three tests; culture, rapid Strepto Test and estimation of antistreptolysin (ASO).

T85889

264287-264411

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory confirma-tion was sought using three tests; culture, rapid Strepto Test and estimation of antistreptolysin (ASO).

TextSentencer_T2217

264412-264465

Sentence

denotes

One or more tests were done in 47 of the 58 patients.

T23520

264412-264465

Sentence

denotes

One or more tests were done in 47 of the 58 patients.

TextSentencer_T2218

264466-264552

Sentence

denotes

Treatment was for 5 days, 25 mg/kg per day in children, 500 mg per day in adolescents.

T34210

264466-264552

Sentence

denotes

Treatment was for 5 days, 25 mg/kg per day in children, 500 mg per day in adolescents.

TextSentencer_T2219

264553-264614

Sentence

denotes

Patients were again clinically assessed on the 5th Á/6th day.

T24298

264553-264614

Sentence

denotes

Patients were again clinically assessed on the 5th Á/6th day.

TextSentencer_T2220

264615-264727

Sentence

denotes

The results showed clinical success in 56 patients (96.5%) and in 46 of the 47 who had laboratory tests (97.8%).

T69111

264615-264727

Sentence

denotes

The results showed clinical success in 56 patients (96.5%) and in 46 of the 47 who had laboratory tests (97.8%).

TextSentencer_T2221

264728-264809

Sentence

denotes

Two patients had treatment withdrawn because of nausea and abdominal pain (3.5%).

T70650

264728-264809

Sentence

denotes

Two patients had treatment withdrawn because of nausea and abdominal pain (3.5%).

TextSentencer_T2222

264810-264881

Sentence

denotes

Of the 47 patients with laboratory tests at least one test was ositive.

T7288

264810-264881

Sentence

denotes

Of the 47 patients with laboratory tests at least one test was ositive.

TextSentencer_T2223

264882-264987

Sentence

denotes

The most helpful was the Strepto Test giving the quickest positive result in 92% of those tested (38/41).

T26538

264882-264987

Sentence

denotes

The most helpful was the Strepto Test giving the quickest positive result in 92% of those tested (38/41).

TextSentencer_T2224

264988-265040

Sentence

denotes

Culture was positive in 58% of those tested (24/41).

T15888

264988-265040

Sentence

denotes

Culture was positive in 58% of those tested (24/41).

TextSentencer_T2225

265041-265075

Sentence

denotes

The ASO test was of limited value.

T51409

265041-265075

Sentence

denotes

The ASO test was of limited value.

TextSentencer_T2226

265076-265196

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, cefprozil showed high clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.

T14302

265076-265196

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, cefprozil showed high clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.

TextSentencer_T2227

265197-265241

Sentence

denotes

Tsiara S, Militadou G, Milionis C, Elisaf M.

T13324

265197-265241

Sentence

denotes

Tsiara S, Militadou G, Milionis C, Elisaf M.

TextSentencer_T2228

265242-265395

Sentence

denotes

Internal Medicine Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece Streptococcus group B Agalactiae (GBS) is a rare pathogen for healthy male adults.

T88563

265242-265395

Sentence

denotes

Internal Medicine Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece Streptococcus group B Agalactiae (GBS) is a rare pathogen for healthy male adults.

TextSentencer_T2229

265396-265463

Sentence

denotes

We present an old man in whom (GBS) was isolated in blood cultures.

T50335

265396-265463

Sentence

denotes

We present an old man in whom (GBS) was isolated in blood cultures.

TextSentencer_T2230

265464-265476

Sentence

denotes

Case report:

T24043

265464-265476

Sentence

denotes

Case report:

TextSentencer_T2231

265477-265587

Sentence

denotes

A 79-year-old man was admitted to the hospital in order to investigate osteolytic lesions in the lumbar spine.

T51222

265477-265587

Sentence

denotes

A 79-year-old man was admitted to the hospital in order to investigate osteolytic lesions in the lumbar spine.

TextSentencer_T2232

265588-265722

Sentence

denotes

Two weeks before, he experienced severe low back pain radiating to the right leg and fever arising to 39.50 8C with chills and rigors.

T12501

265588-265722

Sentence

denotes

Two weeks before, he experienced severe low back pain radiating to the right leg and fever arising to 39.50 8C with chills and rigors.

TextSentencer_T2233

265723-265806

Sentence

denotes

A GBS was isolated from blood cultures and treatment with penicillin was initiated.

T61724

265723-265806

Sentence

denotes

A GBS was isolated from blood cultures and treatment with penicillin was initiated.

TextSentencer_T2234

265807-265905

Sentence

denotes

A spine CT scan revealed osteolysis in the T12 and S1 vertebrae and the patient transferred to us.

T2938

265807-265905

Sentence

denotes

A spine CT scan revealed osteolysis in the T12 and S1 vertebrae and the patient transferred to us.

TextSentencer_T2235

265906-265938

Sentence

denotes

He was a previously healthy man.

T15378

265906-265938

Sentence

denotes

He was a previously healthy man.

TextSentencer_T2236

265939-265981

Sentence

denotes

He received only antihypertensive therapy.

T49586

265939-265981

Sentence

denotes

He received only antihypertensive therapy.

TextSentencer_T2237

265982-266041

Sentence

denotes

On admission he was afebrile with arthralgias and myalgias.

T61860

265982-266041

Sentence

denotes

On admission he was afebrile with arthralgias and myalgias.

TextSentencer_T2238

266042-266149

Sentence

denotes

On clinical examination there was tenderness on the right pleurospondylic angle radiating to the right leg.

T42225

266042-266149

Sentence

denotes

On clinical examination there was tenderness on the right pleurospondylic angle radiating to the right leg.

TextSentencer_T2239

266150-266179

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory data on admission:

T18334

266150-266179

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory data on admission:

TextSentencer_T2240

266180-266183

Sentence

denotes

Hb:

T4702

266180-266183

Sentence

denotes

Hb:

TextSentencer_T2241

266184-266199

Sentence

denotes

11.2 g/dl, WBC:

T24720

266184-266199

Sentence

denotes

11.2 g/dl, WBC:

TextSentencer_T2242

266200-266218

Sentence

denotes

7.4)/10 9 /l, ESR:

T19384

266200-266218

Sentence

denotes

7.4)/10 9 /l, ESR:

TextSentencer_T2243

266219-266227

Sentence

denotes

77 mm/h.

T65706

266219-266227

Sentence

denotes

77 mm/h.

TextSentencer_T2244

266228-266349

Sentence

denotes

Biochemical values, serum protein electrophoresis, rectal examination and a prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were normal.

T78171

266228-266349

Sentence

denotes

Biochemical values, serum protein electrophoresis, rectal examination and a prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were normal.

TextSentencer_T2245

266350-266400

Sentence

denotes

A bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were negative.

T21201

266350-266400

Sentence

denotes

A bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were negative.

TextSentencer_T2246

266401-266519

Sentence

denotes

A transoesophageal ultrasound revealed vegetation on the right cusp of the aortic valve, with low grade regurgitation.

T34252

266401-266519

Sentence

denotes

A transoesophageal ultrasound revealed vegetation on the right cusp of the aortic valve, with low grade regurgitation.

TextSentencer_T2247

266520-266681

Sentence

denotes

An MRI of the lumbar spine revealed infectious myositis with concomitant osteomyelitis involving the L4, L5 vertebrae without any evidence of osteolytic lesions.

T29908

266520-266681

Sentence

denotes

An MRI of the lumbar spine revealed infectious myositis with concomitant osteomyelitis involving the L4, L5 vertebrae without any evidence of osteolytic lesions.

TextSentencer_T2248

266682-266765

Sentence

denotes

A thorough investigation did not revealed any underlying immunosuppressive disease.

T95772

266682-266765

Sentence

denotes

A thorough investigation did not revealed any underlying immunosuppressive disease.

TextSentencer_T2249

266766-266903

Sentence

denotes

Treatment with vancomycin and gentamycin IV was initiated and the patient discharged from the hospital in excellent health after 6 weeks.

T25658

266766-266903

Sentence

denotes

Treatment with vancomycin and gentamycin IV was initiated and the patient discharged from the hospital in excellent health after 6 weeks.

TextSentencer_T2250

266904-267050

Sentence

denotes

Discussion: GBS infections usually occur in neonates and pregnant, or in adults with underlying disease as diabetes mellitus or immunosuppression.

T88783

266904-267050

Sentence

denotes

Discussion: GBS infections usually occur in neonates and pregnant, or in adults with underlying disease as diabetes mellitus or immunosuppression.

TextSentencer_T2251

267051-267100

Sentence

denotes

The most common site of infection is soft tissue.

T56928

267051-267100

Sentence

denotes

The most common site of infection is soft tissue.

TextSentencer_T2252

267101-267206

Sentence

denotes

We present this case because GBS infections are rare in the elderly in the absence of underlying disease.

T20549

267101-267206

Sentence

denotes

We present this case because GBS infections are rare in the elderly in the absence of underlying disease.

TextSentencer_T2253

267207-267331

Sentence

denotes

Common sites of involvement are soft tissues, while bone, joints, and heart valves account to 1 Á/2% of the involved organs.

T40112

267207-267331

Sentence

denotes

Common sites of involvement are soft tissues, while bone, joints, and heart valves account to 1 Á/2% of the involved organs.

TextSentencer_T2254

267332-267484

Sentence

denotes

Although our patient had more than one site of involvement he responded well to medical treatment without surgical debriment or heart valve replacement.

T13825

267332-267484

Sentence

denotes

Although our patient had more than one site of involvement he responded well to medical treatment without surgical debriment or heart valve replacement.

TextSentencer_T2255

267485-267495

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T50659

267485-267495

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T2256

267496-267618

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of rHuGM-CSF in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of CCNF.

T67726

267496-267618

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of rHuGM-CSF in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of CCNF.

TextSentencer_T2257

267619-267639

Sentence

denotes

Methods and results:

T20198

267619-267639

Sentence

denotes

Methods and results:

TextSentencer_T2258

267640-267796

Sentence

denotes

A retrospective review of all patients (pts) with CCNF treated with antibiotics'/rHuGM-CSF at our hospital from January 1997 to December 2001 was performed.

T43526

267640-267796

Sentence

denotes

A retrospective review of all patients (pts) with CCNF treated with antibiotics'/rHuGM-CSF at our hospital from January 1997 to December 2001 was performed.

TextSentencer_T2259

267797-267854

Sentence

denotes

Five patients were identified with the diagnosis of CCNF.

T90902

267797-267854

Sentence

denotes

Five patients were identified with the diagnosis of CCNF.

TextSentencer_T2260

267855-267923

Sentence

denotes

Ages ranged from 33 to 71 years; there were three women and two men.

T57381

267855-267923

Sentence

denotes

Ages ranged from 33 to 71 years; there were three women and two men.

TextSentencer_T2261

267924-267983

Sentence

denotes

Dental infection was the most common source of CCNF in 90%.

T34139

267924-267983

Sentence

denotes

Dental infection was the most common source of CCNF in 90%.

TextSentencer_T2262

267984-268034

Sentence

denotes

One patient had acute tonsillitis leading to CCNF.

T18683

267984-268034

Sentence

denotes

One patient had acute tonsillitis leading to CCNF.

TextSentencer_T2263

268035-268189

Sentence

denotes

All cases studied experienced infection of the neck with spread into the submandibular, submental, sublingual, retropharyngeal, and parapharyngeal spaces.

T71424

268035-268189

Sentence

denotes

All cases studied experienced infection of the neck with spread into the submandibular, submental, sublingual, retropharyngeal, and parapharyngeal spaces.

TextSentencer_T2264

268190-268224

Sentence

denotes

All infections were polymicrobial.

T10619

268190-268224

Sentence

denotes

All infections were polymicrobial.

TextSentencer_T2265

268225-268274

Sentence

denotes

Diabetes mellitus was a co-morbidity in one case.

T75650

268225-268274

Sentence

denotes

Diabetes mellitus was a co-morbidity in one case.

TextSentencer_T2266

268275-268453

Sentence

denotes

All pts were treated with dual antibiotic coverage (vancomycin'/meropenem), rHuGM-CSF (10 mcg/kg/daily given s.c.) and aggressive wound care. rHuGM-CSF was given for 7 Á/10 days.

T19881

268275-268453

Sentence

denotes

All pts were treated with dual antibiotic coverage (vancomycin'/meropenem), rHuGM-CSF (10 mcg/kg/daily given s.c.) and aggressive wound care. rHuGM-CSF was given for 7 Á/10 days.

TextSentencer_T2267

268454-268569

Sentence

denotes

In spite of the severity of the infection all pts recovered and do not experienced local or systemic complications.

T23658

268454-268569

Sentence

denotes

In spite of the severity of the infection all pts recovered and do not experienced local or systemic complications.

TextSentencer_T2268

268570-268737

Sentence

denotes

Discussion: CCNF is a severe bacterial infection of the cervical fascia resulting in extensive fascial necrosis with widespread undermining of the surrounding tissues.

T20882

268570-268737

Sentence

denotes

Discussion: CCNF is a severe bacterial infection of the cervical fascia resulting in extensive fascial necrosis with widespread undermining of the surrounding tissues.

TextSentencer_T2269

268738-268842

Sentence

denotes

Prompt antibiotic therapy combined with rHuGM-CSF resulted in a 100% overall survival in our experience.

T80258

268738-268842

Sentence

denotes

Prompt antibiotic therapy combined with rHuGM-CSF resulted in a 100% overall survival in our experience.

TextSentencer_T2270

268843-268993

Sentence

denotes

To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the successful treatment of CCNF with use of broad-spectrum antibiotics combined with rHuGM-CSF.

T14270

268843-268993

Sentence

denotes

To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the successful treatment of CCNF with use of broad-spectrum antibiotics combined with rHuGM-CSF.

TextSentencer_T2271

268994-269085

Sentence

denotes

The following case adds to the clinical manifestations and course of meningococcal disease.

T40475

268994-269085

Sentence

denotes

The following case adds to the clinical manifestations and course of meningococcal disease.

TextSentencer_T2272

269086-269222

Sentence

denotes

A previously healthy 3-year-old girl presented acutely with high fever purpuric rash including conjuctival haemorrhages and hypotension.

T97240

269086-269222

Sentence

denotes

A previously healthy 3-year-old girl presented acutely with high fever purpuric rash including conjuctival haemorrhages and hypotension.

TextSentencer_T2273

269223-269257

Sentence

denotes

The child had also neck stiffness.

T74061

269223-269257

Sentence

denotes

The child had also neck stiffness.

TextSentencer_T2274

269258-269405

Sentence

denotes

A presumptive diagnosis of meningococcal septicaemia was made and treatment with penicilline, chloramphenicole, fluids and inotropes was initiated.

T86350

269258-269405

Sentence

denotes

A presumptive diagnosis of meningococcal septicaemia was made and treatment with penicilline, chloramphenicole, fluids and inotropes was initiated.

TextSentencer_T2275

269406-269443

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory investigations showed WBC:

T59207

269406-269443

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory investigations showed WBC:

TextSentencer_T2276

269444-269456

Sentence

denotes

4300/ml, Hb:

T44920

269444-269456

Sentence

denotes

4300/ml, Hb:

TextSentencer_T2277

269457-269472

Sentence

denotes

12.2 g/dl, Hct:

T73612

269457-269472

Sentence

denotes

12.2 g/dl, Hct:

TextSentencer_T2278

269473-269484

Sentence

denotes

39.5%, ESR:

T81651

269473-269484

Sentence

denotes

39.5%, ESR:

TextSentencer_T2279

269485-269512

Sentence

denotes

1 mm in the first hour, PT:

T35743

269485-269512

Sentence

denotes

1 mm in the first hour, PT:

TextSentencer_T2280

269513-269524

Sentence

denotes

26 s, APTT:

T22715

269513-269524

Sentence

denotes

26 s, APTT:

TextSentencer_T2281

269525-269530

Sentence

denotes

90 s.

T66668

269525-269530

Sentence

denotes

90 s.

TextSentencer_T2282

269531-269599

Sentence

denotes

Neisseria meningitidis Group B was isolated from the blood cultures.

T43343

269531-269599

Sentence

denotes

Neisseria meningitidis Group B was isolated from the blood cultures.

TextSentencer_T2283

269600-269674

Sentence

denotes

CSF obtained after antibiotics were started did not grow N. meningitidis .

T77028

269600-269674

Sentence

denotes

CSF obtained after antibiotics were started did not grow N. meningitidis .

TextSentencer_T2284

269675-269710

Sentence

denotes

The patient had an adverse outcome.

T66685

269675-269710

Sentence

denotes

The patient had an adverse outcome.

TextSentencer_T2285

269711-269750

Sentence

denotes

She died after 12 h of hospitalization.

T27100

269711-269750

Sentence

denotes

She died after 12 h of hospitalization.

TextSentencer_T2286

269751-269814

Sentence

denotes

This patient developed a fulminating meningococcal septicaemia.

T20824

269751-269814

Sentence

denotes

This patient developed a fulminating meningococcal septicaemia.

TextSentencer_T2287

269815-269965

Sentence

denotes

Shock is a clinical diagnosis arising from the failure of compensatory mechanisms that maintain perfusion of vital organs at the expense of non vital.

T71660

269815-269965

Sentence

denotes

Shock is a clinical diagnosis arising from the failure of compensatory mechanisms that maintain perfusion of vital organs at the expense of non vital.

TextSentencer_T2288

269966-270109

Sentence

denotes

Septic shock results from loss of circulating plasma volume due to increased vascular permeability and maldistribution of intravascular volume.

T83950

269966-270109

Sentence

denotes

Septic shock results from loss of circulating plasma volume due to increased vascular permeability and maldistribution of intravascular volume.

TextSentencer_T2289

270110-270357

Sentence

denotes

In young children there is a prevalence of serogroup B meningococcal disease which can be explained by the immaturity of the immune system and by the fact the group B capsule synthesis is known to inhibit alternative complement pathway activation.

T80753

270110-270357

Sentence

denotes

In young children there is a prevalence of serogroup B meningococcal disease which can be explained by the immaturity of the immune system and by the fact the group B capsule synthesis is known to inhibit alternative complement pathway activation.

TextSentencer_T2290

270358-270445

Sentence

denotes

This case emphasizes the need for further protection against N. meningitidis group B. .

T85266

270358-270445

Sentence

denotes

This case emphasizes the need for further protection against N. meningitidis group B. .

TextSentencer_T2291

270446-270454

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T11120

270446-270454

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2292

270455-270504

Sentence

denotes

Forty-eight patients were included in this study.

T86786

270455-270504

Sentence

denotes

Forty-eight patients were included in this study.

TextSentencer_T2293

270505-270750

Sentence

denotes

The etiological agents were: viral (n 0/26, 54.2%, mean ('x ) age0/28 years), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n 0/8, 16.6%,'x age0/53), Neisseria meningitidis (n0/7, 14.6%, 'x age0/28), S. viridans (n0/6, 12%, 'x age0/34), P. multocida (n0/1, age 75).

T24943

270505-270750

Sentence

denotes

The etiological agents were: viral (n 0/26, 54.2%, mean ('x ) age0/28 years), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n 0/8, 16.6%,'x age0/53), Neisseria meningitidis (n0/7, 14.6%, 'x age0/28), S. viridans (n0/6, 12%, 'x age0/34), P. multocida (n0/1, age 75).

TextSentencer_T2294

270751-271203

Sentence

denotes

The peak incidence of bacterial meningitis was in winter (pneumococcal 73%, meningococcal 86%, s. viridans 83%) .The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in viral meningitis were 'x white cells 0/340/mm 3 , 'x PMN0/27%, 'x glucose CSF/ serum 0.55, 'x protein 39 mg/dl and in bacterial meningitis were 'x white cells0/5800/mm 3 , 'x PMN0/80%, 'x glucose CSF/ serum0/ 0.2, 'x protein0/350 mg/dl, Gram stain was positive in 55%, culture was positive in 45%.

T9571

270751-271203

Sentence

denotes

The peak incidence of bacterial meningitis was in winter (pneumococcal 73%, meningococcal 86%, s. viridans 83%) .The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in viral meningitis were 'x white cells 0/340/mm 3 , 'x PMN0/27%, 'x glucose CSF/ serum 0.55, 'x protein 39 mg/dl and in bacterial meningitis were 'x white cells0/5800/mm 3 , 'x PMN0/80%, 'x glucose CSF/ serum0/ 0.2, 'x protein0/350 mg/dl, Gram stain was positive in 55%, culture was positive in 45%.

TextSentencer_T2295

271204-271278

Sentence

denotes

All pneumococcal and meningococcal strains were susceptible to penicillin.

T11768

271204-271278

Sentence

denotes

All pneumococcal and meningococcal strains were susceptible to penicillin.

TextSentencer_T2296

271279-271381

Sentence

denotes

The case fatality rates for pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis were 25 and 14.3%, respectively.

T13604

271279-271381

Sentence

denotes

The case fatality rates for pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis were 25 and 14.3%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T2297

271382-271394

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T6762

271382-271394

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2298

271395-271498

Sentence

denotes

The cases of bacterial meningitis were according to typical epidemiological features of age and season.

T48462

271395-271498

Sentence

denotes

The cases of bacterial meningitis were according to typical epidemiological features of age and season.

TextSentencer_T2299

271499-271610

Sentence

denotes

The case fatality rate of pneumococcal meningitis appear to be high regardless of susceptibility to penicillin.

T57818

271499-271610

Sentence

denotes

The case fatality rate of pneumococcal meningitis appear to be high regardless of susceptibility to penicillin.

TextSentencer_T2300

271611-271672

Sentence

denotes

None had received pneumococcal vaccine prior to becoming ill.

T65833

271611-271672

Sentence

denotes

None had received pneumococcal vaccine prior to becoming ill.

TextSentencer_T2301

271673-271778

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis and therapy of meningococcal meningitis */trend and particularities of a 'Romanian model' PS216

T95936

271673-271778

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis and therapy of meningococcal meningitis */trend and particularities of a 'Romanian model' PS216

TextSentencer_T2302

271779-271822

Sentence

denotes

Lintmaer I, Moroti R, Popescu A, Popescu C.

T76723

271779-271822

Sentence

denotes

Lintmaer I, Moroti R, Popescu A, Popescu C.

TextSentencer_T2303

271823-271908

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Infectious Diseases Matei Bals , Unit 5 , Bucharest, Romania Background:

T83325

271823-271908

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Infectious Diseases Matei Bals , Unit 5 , Bucharest, Romania Background:

TextSentencer_T2304

271909-272051

Sentence

denotes

Newer diagnosis methods and antimicrobials are expected to change the management of menigococcal meningitis (MM) and to improve its prognosis.

T99525

271909-272051

Sentence

denotes

Newer diagnosis methods and antimicrobials are expected to change the management of menigococcal meningitis (MM) and to improve its prognosis.

TextSentencer_T2305

272052-272063

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T65070

272052-272063

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T2306

272064-272175

Sentence

denotes

To determine the changes in the diagnosis methods and therapy of MM patients in a Infectious Diseases Hospital.

T19190

272064-272175

Sentence

denotes

To determine the changes in the diagnosis methods and therapy of MM patients in a Infectious Diseases Hospital.

TextSentencer_T2307

272176-272235

Sentence

denotes

To compare MM management in Bucharest with literature data.

T42944

272176-272235

Sentence

denotes

To compare MM management in Bucharest with literature data.

TextSentencer_T2308

272236-272244

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T89181

272236-272244

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T2309

272245-272324

Sentence

denotes

Retrospective rewiew of MM in adult patients hospitalized over a 6-year period.

T39642

272245-272324

Sentence

denotes

Retrospective rewiew of MM in adult patients hospitalized over a 6-year period.

TextSentencer_T2310

272325-272406

Sentence

denotes

Our results were compared with other studies made in the 90s, taken from MEDLINE.

T8615

272325-272406

Sentence

denotes

Our results were compared with other studies made in the 90s, taken from MEDLINE.

TextSentencer_T2311

272407-272415

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T49847

272407-272415

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2312

272416-272530

Sentence

denotes

There were 97 episodes of MM during the study period (52 episodes in 1995 Á/1997 and 45 episodes in 1998 Á/2000) .

T18229

272416-272530

Sentence

denotes

There were 97 episodes of MM during the study period (52 episodes in 1995 Á/1997 and 45 episodes in 1998 Á/2000) .

TextSentencer_T2313

272531-272611

Sentence

denotes

We noticed a defined diagnosis increase and increased blood culture specificity.

T1568

272531-272611

Sentence

denotes

We noticed a defined diagnosis increase and increased blood culture specificity.

TextSentencer_T2314

272612-272699

Sentence

denotes

The antimicrobial monotherapy was maintained but penicilin was replaced by ceftriaxone.

T36583

272612-272699

Sentence

denotes

The antimicrobial monotherapy was maintained but penicilin was replaced by ceftriaxone.

TextSentencer_T2315

272700-272756

Sentence

denotes

HHC was replaced by dexamethasone in pathogenic therapy.

T28588

272700-272756

Sentence

denotes

HHC was replaced by dexamethasone in pathogenic therapy.

TextSentencer_T2316

272757-272822

Sentence

denotes

We noticed a shorter length of treatment and a reduced lethality.

T41744

272757-272822

Sentence

denotes

We noticed a shorter length of treatment and a reduced lethality.

TextSentencer_T2317

272823-272998

Sentence

denotes

The most important differences between our results and other studies are: monotherapy regimens are less frequent and therapy lengths are longer; however, prognosis is similar.

T3102

272823-272998

Sentence

denotes

The most important differences between our results and other studies are: monotherapy regimens are less frequent and therapy lengths are longer; however, prognosis is similar.

TextSentencer_T2318

272999-273011

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T28925

272999-273011

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2319

273012-273157

Sentence

denotes

The MM management has been modified in the last 3 Á/ 4 years: prognosis is improved, but the changes do not bring clear cost/ effective benefits.

T57823

273012-273157

Sentence

denotes

The MM management has been modified in the last 3 Á/ 4 years: prognosis is improved, but the changes do not bring clear cost/ effective benefits.

TextSentencer_T2320

273158-273239

Sentence

denotes

Tiouiri TH, Kilani B, Amari L, Zouiten F, Kanoun KF, Ghbontini A, Ben Chaabene T.

T8903

273158-273239

Sentence

denotes

Tiouiri TH, Kilani B, Amari L, Zouiten F, Kanoun KF, Ghbontini A, Ben Chaabene T.

TextSentencer_T2321

273240-273291

Sentence

denotes

Rabta Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Tunis, Tunisia

T11136

273240-273291

Sentence

denotes

Rabta Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Tunis, Tunisia

TextSentencer_T2322

273292-273303

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T10863

273292-273303

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T2323

273304-273417

Sentence

denotes

In order to study epidemiological, clinical and therapeutical characteristics of the infective endocarditis (IE).

T31739

273304-273417

Sentence

denotes

In order to study epidemiological, clinical and therapeutical characteristics of the infective endocarditis (IE).

TextSentencer_T2324

273418-273426

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T7067

273418-273426

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T2325

273427-273488

Sentence

denotes

We reviewed all the cases of IE fulfilling the Duke criteria.

T4186

273427-273488

Sentence

denotes

We reviewed all the cases of IE fulfilling the Duke criteria.

TextSentencer_T2326

273489-273582

Sentence

denotes

Data were collected during a 19-year period (1980 Á/1998) in the unit of infectious diseases.

T97260

273489-273582

Sentence

denotes

Data were collected during a 19-year period (1980 Á/1998) in the unit of infectious diseases.

TextSentencer_T2327

273583-273591

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T92526

273583-273591

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2328

273592-273636

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and eight cases were identified.

T45437

273592-273636

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and eight cases were identified.

TextSentencer_T2329

273637-273665

Sentence

denotes

The mean age was 37.5 years.

T39942

273637-273665

Sentence

denotes

The mean age was 37.5 years.

TextSentencer_T2330

273666-273684

Sentence

denotes

Sex ratio was 0.8.

T32989

273666-273684

Sentence

denotes

Sex ratio was 0.8.

TextSentencer_T2331

273685-273787

Sentence

denotes

Eighty-five IE (78.6%) occured in patients with native valve, and 23 IE (21.4%) with prosthetic valve.

T6013

273685-273787

Sentence

denotes

Eighty-five IE (78.6%) occured in patients with native valve, and 23 IE (21.4%) with prosthetic valve.

TextSentencer_T2332

273788-273882

Sentence

denotes

Fever was the most common sign, 12% had a congestive heart failure, 26.9% had cutaneous signs.

T398

273788-273882

Sentence

denotes

Fever was the most common sign, 12% had a congestive heart failure, 26.9% had cutaneous signs.

TextSentencer_T2333

273883-273935

Sentence

denotes

The most common primary focus of IE was orthodontic.

T39433

273883-273935

Sentence

denotes

The most common primary focus of IE was orthodontic.

TextSentencer_T2334

273936-273981

Sentence

denotes

Blood cultures were positive in 63% of cases.

T32327

273936-273981

Sentence

denotes

Blood cultures were positive in 63% of cases.

TextSentencer_T2335

273982-274042

Sentence

denotes

In one case, serological test identified Rickettsia conori .

T75466

273982-274042

Sentence

denotes

In one case, serological test identified Rickettsia conori .

TextSentencer_T2336

274043-274120

Sentence

denotes

Streptococci and staphylococci were isolated in 27.8 and 25.9%, respectively.

T29935

274043-274120

Sentence

denotes

Streptococci and staphylococci were isolated in 27.8 and 25.9%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T2337

274121-274179

Sentence

denotes

Echocardiography detected abnormalities in 63.4% of cases.

T38732

274121-274179

Sentence

denotes

Echocardiography detected abnormalities in 63.4% of cases.

TextSentencer_T2338

274180-274240

Sentence

denotes

Rheumatic heart disease was the most predisposing condition.

T42396

274180-274240

Sentence

denotes

Rheumatic heart disease was the most predisposing condition.

TextSentencer_T2339

274241-274316

Sentence

denotes

Empirical therapy was based on combination of b lactam with aminoglycoside.

T95572

274241-274316

Sentence

denotes

Empirical therapy was based on combination of b lactam with aminoglycoside.

TextSentencer_T2340

274317-274355

Sentence

denotes

Recovery was obtained for 60 patients.

T79926

274317-274355

Sentence

denotes

Recovery was obtained for 60 patients.

TextSentencer_T2341

274356-274398

Sentence

denotes

Cardiac surgery was performed in 26 cases.

T75107

274356-274398

Sentence

denotes

Cardiac surgery was performed in 26 cases.

TextSentencer_T2342

274399-274432

Sentence

denotes

Overall mortality rate was 19.4%.

T63263

274399-274432

Sentence

denotes

Overall mortality rate was 19.4%.

TextSentencer_T2343

274433-274470

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: IE affects young persons.

T8960

274433-274470

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: IE affects young persons.

TextSentencer_T2344

274471-274529

Sentence

denotes

Prevention needs eradication of acute rheumatic arthritis.

T33380

274471-274529

Sentence

denotes

Prevention needs eradication of acute rheumatic arthritis.

TextSentencer_T2345

274530-274607

Sentence

denotes

A major outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Spain: diagnostics aspects PS218

T91899

274530-274607

Sentence

denotes

A major outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Spain: diagnostics aspects PS218

TextSentencer_T2346

274608-274869

Sentence

denotes

Guerrero C a , Toldos CM a , Yagü e G b , Ramírez C a , Rodríguez T a , -Segovia M a . a Hospital Morales Meseguer, Servicio de Microbiología, Murcia, Spain , b Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain Objective:

T76683

274608-274869

Sentence

denotes

Guerrero C a , Toldos CM a , Yagü e G b , Ramírez C a , Rodríguez T a , -Segovia M a . a Hospital Morales Meseguer, Servicio de Microbiología, Murcia, Spain , b Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain Objective:

TextSentencer_T2347

274870-275094

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the value of different methods (serological tests, culture of respiratory secretions, blood cultures and urinary antigen testing) for the diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia during an outbreak in Spain.

T54176

274870-275094

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the value of different methods (serological tests, culture of respiratory secretions, blood cultures and urinary antigen testing) for the diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia during an outbreak in Spain.

TextSentencer_T2348

275095-275103

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T63590

275095-275103

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2349

275104-275191

Sentence

denotes

We have studied 542 patients from a recent outbreak of legionellosis in Murcia (Spain).

T63311

275104-275191

Sentence

denotes

We have studied 542 patients from a recent outbreak of legionellosis in Murcia (Spain).

TextSentencer_T2350

275192-275235

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis was achieved in 305 patients.

T22664

275192-275235

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis was achieved in 305 patients.

TextSentencer_T2351

275236-275283

Sentence

denotes

Urinary antigens were positive in 187 patients.

T16264

275236-275283

Sentence

denotes

Urinary antigens were positive in 187 patients.

TextSentencer_T2352

275284-275429

Sentence

denotes

In the 355 patients with urinary antigen negative the serological response was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) in 118 patients.

T19289

275284-275429

Sentence

denotes

In the 355 patients with urinary antigen negative the serological response was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) in 118 patients.

TextSentencer_T2353

275430-275473

Sentence

denotes

All Blood cultures processed were negative.

T36804

275430-275473

Sentence

denotes

All Blood cultures processed were negative.

TextSentencer_T2354

275474-275580

Sentence

denotes

Sputum samples were obtained from 154 patients, of these L. pneumophila was isolated only in six patients.

T20383

275474-275580

Sentence

denotes

Sputum samples were obtained from 154 patients, of these L. pneumophila was isolated only in six patients.

TextSentencer_T2355

275581-275646

Sentence

denotes

In all of them direct immunofluorescence test (DFA) was positive.

T3664

275581-275646

Sentence

denotes

In all of them direct immunofluorescence test (DFA) was positive.

TextSentencer_T2356

275647-275659

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T74661

275647-275659

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2357

275660-275834

Sentence

denotes

Although the serological diagnosis was the most sensitive method the urinary antigen testing was of great value in the rapid diagnosis of the legionella's outbreak in Murcia.

T11326

275660-275834

Sentence

denotes

Although the serological diagnosis was the most sensitive method the urinary antigen testing was of great value in the rapid diagnosis of the legionella's outbreak in Murcia.

TextSentencer_T2358

275835-275956

Sentence

denotes

The isolation of L. pneumophila by culture showed a poor sensitivity probably because of the low severity of the illness.

T86197

275835-275956

Sentence

denotes

The isolation of L. pneumophila by culture showed a poor sensitivity probably because of the low severity of the illness.

TextSentencer_T2359

275957-275965

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T91522

275957-275965

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T2360

275966-276071

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate chloramphenicol for an initial empiric antibiotic treatment of purulent meningitis in adults.

T64095

275966-276071

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate chloramphenicol for an initial empiric antibiotic treatment of purulent meningitis in adults.

TextSentencer_T2361

276072-276084

Sentence

denotes

Study group:

T32181

276072-276084

Sentence

denotes

Study group:

TextSentencer_T2362

276085-276278

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and twenty patients hospitalized for the diagnosis purulent meningitis in the department in years 1997 Á/2000, 67 males and 53 females, age range 15 Á/81 years, mean age 52.6 years.

T44814

276085-276278

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and twenty patients hospitalized for the diagnosis purulent meningitis in the department in years 1997 Á/2000, 67 males and 53 females, age range 15 Á/81 years, mean age 52.6 years.

TextSentencer_T2363

276279-276321

Sentence

denotes

Children up to 15 years were not included.

T91650

276279-276321

Sentence

denotes

Children up to 15 years were not included.

TextSentencer_T2364

276322-276329

Sentence

denotes

Method:

T9196

276322-276329

Sentence

denotes

Method:

TextSentencer_T2365

276330-276448

Sentence

denotes

A retrospective analysis of the study group focused on antibiotic treatment both initial and changes during treatment.

T61637

276330-276448

Sentence

denotes

A retrospective analysis of the study group focused on antibiotic treatment both initial and changes during treatment.

TextSentencer_T2366

276449-276457

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T87462

276449-276457

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2367

276458-276659

Sentence

denotes

Chloramphenicol was used as an initial antibiotic in 59 (49%), 3rd generation cephalosporin in 30 (25%), penicillin in 21 (17%), ampicillin in five (4%) and other antibiotic in five (4%), respectively.

T26751

276458-276659

Sentence

denotes

Chloramphenicol was used as an initial antibiotic in 59 (49%), 3rd generation cephalosporin in 30 (25%), penicillin in 21 (17%), ampicillin in five (4%) and other antibiotic in five (4%), respectively.

TextSentencer_T2368

276660-276860

Sentence

denotes

During treatment chloramphenicol was switched for 3rd gen cephalosporin in seven of 23 patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis and in five of 28 patients with meningitis of unknown etiology.

T99734

276660-276860

Sentence

denotes

During treatment chloramphenicol was switched for 3rd gen cephalosporin in seven of 23 patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis and in five of 28 patients with meningitis of unknown etiology.

TextSentencer_T2369

276861-277006

Sentence

denotes

The reason for the change was non-improving CSF formula in three, persisting CSF culture positivity in two and persisting coma in seven patients.

T91114

276861-277006

Sentence

denotes

The reason for the change was non-improving CSF formula in three, persisting CSF culture positivity in two and persisting coma in seven patients.

TextSentencer_T2370

277007-277018

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T33001

277007-277018

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2371

277019-277229

Sentence

denotes

Because of repeated necessity to switch chloramphenicol for 3rd gen cephalosporin during treatment of purulent meningitis of pneumococcal and unknown etiology the initial treatment strategy was changed in 2001.

T33377

277019-277229

Sentence

denotes

Because of repeated necessity to switch chloramphenicol for 3rd gen cephalosporin during treatment of purulent meningitis of pneumococcal and unknown etiology the initial treatment strategy was changed in 2001.

TextSentencer_T2372

277230-277362

Sentence

denotes

Third gen cephalosporin is now used as a first choice antibiotic, what is in consent with international recommendation of treatment.

T27480

277230-277362

Sentence

denotes

Third gen cephalosporin is now used as a first choice antibiotic, what is in consent with international recommendation of treatment.

TextSentencer_T2373

277363-277493

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate and compare groups treated initially with chloramphenicol and with 3rd gen cephalosporin will need several more years.

T3152

277363-277493

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate and compare groups treated initially with chloramphenicol and with 3rd gen cephalosporin will need several more years.

TextSentencer_T2374

277494-277603

Sentence

denotes

Low prevalence of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Jerez de la Frontera-Cadiz (SPAIN) PS220

T71990

277494-277603

Sentence

denotes

Low prevalence of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Jerez de la Frontera-Cadiz (SPAIN) PS220

TextSentencer_T2375

277604-277663

Sentence

denotes

Alados JC, Aller AI, De Miguel C, De Francisco JL, Calbo L.

T42686

277604-277663

Sentence

denotes

Alados JC, Aller AI, De Miguel C, De Francisco JL, Calbo L.

TextSentencer_T2376

277664-277760

Sentence

denotes

Hospital del SAS-JEREZ , Microbiologia, Jerez de la Frontera, CADIZ, Spain Introduction and aim:

T44374

277664-277760

Sentence

denotes

Hospital del SAS-JEREZ , Microbiologia, Jerez de la Frontera, CADIZ, Spain Introduction and aim:

TextSentencer_T2377

277761-277871

Sentence

denotes

Previous reports indicate that multi-drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an worldwide problem.

T68566

277761-277871

Sentence

denotes

Previous reports indicate that multi-drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an worldwide problem.

TextSentencer_T2378

277872-277985

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to review the resistance of MTB to the first-line antimycobacterial agents in our area.

T33804

277872-277985

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to review the resistance of MTB to the first-line antimycobacterial agents in our area.

TextSentencer_T2379

277986-278007

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T63259

277986-278007

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T2380

278008-278192

Sentence

denotes

Over a period of 4 years (1998 Á/2001), 151 strains of MTB isolated from non-treated patients with tuberculosis (38 strain in 1998, 48 in 1999, 37 in 2000 and 28 in 2001) were studied.

T56520

278008-278192

Sentence

denotes

Over a period of 4 years (1998 Á/2001), 151 strains of MTB isolated from non-treated patients with tuberculosis (38 strain in 1998, 48 in 1999, 37 in 2000 and 28 in 2001) were studied.

TextSentencer_T2381

278193-278396

Sentence

denotes

These isolates were tested for in vitro drugs susceptibility to Isoniacid-I, Rifampicin-R, Streptomycin-S and Ethambutol-E using the Bact/ Alert method (Organon Teknica) as described by the manufacturer.

T40097

278193-278396

Sentence

denotes

These isolates were tested for in vitro drugs susceptibility to Isoniacid-I, Rifampicin-R, Streptomycin-S and Ethambutol-E using the Bact/ Alert method (Organon Teknica) as described by the manufacturer.

TextSentencer_T2382

278397-278405

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T97325

278397-278405

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2383

278406-278489

Sentence

denotes

Our results showed that 10.6% (16/151) strains were resistant to one or more drugs.

T57098

278406-278489

Sentence

denotes

Our results showed that 10.6% (16/151) strains were resistant to one or more drugs.

TextSentencer_T2384

278490-278609

Sentence

denotes

Single drug resistances were detected on nine strains to I (6.3%), one to R (0.66%), two to S (1.3%), one to E (0.66%).

T33718

278490-278609

Sentence

denotes

Single drug resistances were detected on nine strains to I (6.3%), one to R (0.66%), two to S (1.3%), one to E (0.66%).

TextSentencer_T2385

278610-278801

Sentence

denotes

Three MTB strains were resistant to more than one drug but only one was multi-drug resistant (I'/R).The incidence of I-resistant strains over the period fell from 13% in 1998 to 3.6% in 2001.

T10387

278610-278801

Sentence

denotes

Three MTB strains were resistant to more than one drug but only one was multi-drug resistant (I'/R).The incidence of I-resistant strains over the period fell from 13% in 1998 to 3.6% in 2001.

TextSentencer_T2386

278802-278943

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) Multi-drug resistance is not an important problem in our area. (2) Isoniacid resistance was declined to an admissible level.

T36721

278802-278943

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) Multi-drug resistance is not an important problem in our area. (2) Isoniacid resistance was declined to an admissible level.

TextSentencer_T2387

278944-279248

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis isolates in southern Taiwan, an area with higher tuberculosis incidence and mortality than other regions of the island, we performed a hospital-based surveillance at a southern Taiwan medical center from 1996 to 2000.

T76472

278944-279248

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis isolates in southern Taiwan, an area with higher tuberculosis incidence and mortality than other regions of the island, we performed a hospital-based surveillance at a southern Taiwan medical center from 1996 to 2000.

TextSentencer_T2388

279249-279530

Sentence

denotes

The combined drug resistance rates to at least one of five first-line agents was 84.8%, and to both isoniazid and rifampin (multi-drug resistance, MDR) was 11.4%, indicating high resistance rates compared with those reported in the WHO/IUATLD global project and in northern Taiwan.

T5506

279249-279530

Sentence

denotes

The combined drug resistance rates to at least one of five first-line agents was 84.8%, and to both isoniazid and rifampin (multi-drug resistance, MDR) was 11.4%, indicating high resistance rates compared with those reported in the WHO/IUATLD global project and in northern Taiwan.

TextSentencer_T2389

279531-279640

Sentence

denotes

The resistance rates to two second-line drugs, cycloserine, and kanamycin, were 75.7 and 23.7%, respectively.

T552

279531-279640

Sentence

denotes

The resistance rates to two second-line drugs, cycloserine, and kanamycin, were 75.7 and 23.7%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T2390

279641-279763

Sentence

denotes

A significant decreasing trend in resistance rates to all drugs except streptomycin was observed during the 5-year period.

T16050

279641-279763

Sentence

denotes

A significant decreasing trend in resistance rates to all drugs except streptomycin was observed during the 5-year period.

TextSentencer_T2391

279764-280292

Sentence

denotes

Though combined drug resistance rate may not be the most accurate tool as it includes previously treated cases which inflates the resistance rate, the observation of trends in the susceptibility of pulmonary tuberculosis in accompany with the increasing percentages of tuberculosis patients receiving complete treatment course and the decreasing percentages of cases lost of follow-up in Kaohsiung after the institution of new governmental regulations for case management in 1997 suggest the usefulness of intervention programs.

T95897

279764-280292

Sentence

denotes

Though combined drug resistance rate may not be the most accurate tool as it includes previously treated cases which inflates the resistance rate, the observation of trends in the susceptibility of pulmonary tuberculosis in accompany with the increasing percentages of tuberculosis patients receiving complete treatment course and the decreasing percentages of cases lost of follow-up in Kaohsiung after the institution of new governmental regulations for case management in 1997 suggest the usefulness of intervention programs.

TextSentencer_T2392

280293-280462

Sentence

denotes

Lipid profile in patients with multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis PS223 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis may sometimes present with confusing clinical manifestations.

T79944

280293-280462

Sentence

denotes

Lipid profile in patients with multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis PS223 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis may sometimes present with confusing clinical manifestations.

TextSentencer_T2393

280463-280566

Sentence

denotes

A 77-year-old female patient was admitted with a history of recurrent supra-sternal abscess for 1 year.

T85626

280463-280566

Sentence

denotes

A 77-year-old female patient was admitted with a history of recurrent supra-sternal abscess for 1 year.

TextSentencer_T2394

280567-280652

Sentence

denotes

MRI confirmed the presence of sternal osteomyelitis and an anterior mediastinal mass.

T49070

280567-280652

Sentence

denotes

MRI confirmed the presence of sternal osteomyelitis and an anterior mediastinal mass.

TextSentencer_T2395

280653-280740

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of tuberculosis was proved by histologic examination and acid-fast stain.

T40507

280653-280740

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of tuberculosis was proved by histologic examination and acid-fast stain.

TextSentencer_T2396

280741-280845

Sentence

denotes

The patient was treated with first-line agents, which isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.

T23714

280741-280845

Sentence

denotes

The patient was treated with first-line agents, which isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.

TextSentencer_T2397

280846-281262

Sentence

denotes

Tobacco smoking as a factor of the decrease of chemotherapy effectiveness and of the development of the drug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis PS225 Shprykov AS a , Zhadnov VZ a , Shprykova ON b . a Medical Academy, Department of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases, Nyzhny Novgorod, Russian Federation , b Medical Clinic for Infectious #2, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Nyzhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

T61645

280846-281262

Sentence

denotes

Tobacco smoking as a factor of the decrease of chemotherapy effectiveness and of the development of the drug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis PS225 Shprykov AS a , Zhadnov VZ a , Shprykova ON b . a Medical Academy, Department of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases, Nyzhny Novgorod, Russian Federation , b Medical Clinic for Infectious #2, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Nyzhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

TextSentencer_T2398

281263-281370

Sentence

denotes

Studies of the effect of smoking on the results of chemotherapy of 798 patients with tuberculosis of lungs.

T4751

281263-281370

Sentence

denotes

Studies of the effect of smoking on the results of chemotherapy of 798 patients with tuberculosis of lungs.

TextSentencer_T2399

281371-281541

Sentence

denotes

Intensive tobacco smoking slowed down clearance of positive sputum and of lung tissue destruction (in smokers 92.1% and 70.1 vs. 98.0% and 90.6% in nonsmokers, P B/0.01).

T588

281371-281541

Sentence

denotes

Intensive tobacco smoking slowed down clearance of positive sputum and of lung tissue destruction (in smokers 92.1% and 70.1 vs. 98.0% and 90.6% in nonsmokers, P B/0.01).

TextSentencer_T2400

281542-281665

Sentence

denotes

Drug-resistant MTB strains have been found to be isolated more often in smokers */43.4 vs. 19.4% in non-smokers, P B/ 0.01.

T21523

281542-281665

Sentence

denotes

Drug-resistant MTB strains have been found to be isolated more often in smokers */43.4 vs. 19.4% in non-smokers, P B/ 0.01.

TextSentencer_T2401

281666-281773

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to streptomycin and isoniazid prevailed, reaching in heavy smokers 50.0 and 30.5%, respectively.

T13773

281666-281773

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to streptomycin and isoniazid prevailed, reaching in heavy smokers 50.0 and 30.5%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T2402

281774-281819

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to rifampicin increased 1.5 times.

T15476

281774-281819

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to rifampicin increased 1.5 times.

TextSentencer_T2403

281820-281911

Sentence

denotes

The concentration of rifampicin in the blood serum of heavy smokers decreased in 1.8 times.

T57394

281820-281911

Sentence

denotes

The concentration of rifampicin in the blood serum of heavy smokers decreased in 1.8 times.

TextSentencer_T2404

281912-281991

Sentence

denotes

Clinical data are in complete correlation with the findings of our experiments:

T64026

281912-281991

Sentence

denotes

Clinical data are in complete correlation with the findings of our experiments:

TextSentencer_T2405

281992-282170

Sentence

denotes

67% of experimental cultures developed resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid and less to rifampicin in the study of drug sensitivity under the effect of tobacco smoke condensate.

T45076

281992-282170

Sentence

denotes

67% of experimental cultures developed resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid and less to rifampicin in the study of drug sensitivity under the effect of tobacco smoke condensate.

TextSentencer_T2406

282171-282331

Sentence

denotes

Thus, our findings show the development of drug resistance in MTB under the effect of components of tobacco smoke and also showed less effectiveness in therapy.

T92330

282171-282331

Sentence

denotes

Thus, our findings show the development of drug resistance in MTB under the effect of components of tobacco smoke and also showed less effectiveness in therapy.

TextSentencer_T2407

282332-282384

Sentence

denotes

Kilani KB, Ammari LA, Tiouiri HT , Ben Chaabène TBC.

T37152

282332-282384

Sentence

denotes

Kilani KB, Ammari LA, Tiouiri HT , Ben Chaabène TBC.

TextSentencer_T2408

282385-282557

Sentence

denotes

Rabta hospital, Infectious Diseases, Tunis, Tunisia Guerrero C a Actinomycosis is a chronic disease characterized by abcess formation, tissue fibrosis and draining sinuses.

T32612

282385-282557

Sentence

denotes

Rabta hospital, Infectious Diseases, Tunis, Tunisia Guerrero C a Actinomycosis is a chronic disease characterized by abcess formation, tissue fibrosis and draining sinuses.

TextSentencer_T2409

282558-282628

Sentence

denotes

It is caused by anaerobic bacteria belonging to the genus actinomyces.

T77641

282558-282628

Sentence

denotes

It is caused by anaerobic bacteria belonging to the genus actinomyces.

TextSentencer_T2410

282629-282709

Sentence

denotes

Thoracic actinomycosis may involve the lungs, pleura, mediastinum or chest wall.

T7913

282629-282709

Sentence

denotes

Thoracic actinomycosis may involve the lungs, pleura, mediastinum or chest wall.

TextSentencer_T2411

282710-282798

Sentence

denotes

The authors present a case of pulmonary actinomycosis complicating a cervicofacial site.

T74403

282710-282798

Sentence

denotes

The authors present a case of pulmonary actinomycosis complicating a cervicofacial site.

TextSentencer_T2412

282799-282996

Sentence

denotes

A 32-year-old man with a history of cervicofacial actinomycosis treated by penicillin G 2 years ago was admitted because of right-sided chest pain for 2 months before presentation, cough and fever.

T17142

282799-282996

Sentence

denotes

A 32-year-old man with a history of cervicofacial actinomycosis treated by penicillin G 2 years ago was admitted because of right-sided chest pain for 2 months before presentation, cough and fever.

TextSentencer_T2413

282997-283099

Sentence

denotes

Physical examination shows a painless indurated mass in the neck with multiple fistula of the sternum.

T72021

282997-283099

Sentence

denotes

Physical examination shows a painless indurated mass in the neck with multiple fistula of the sternum.

TextSentencer_T2414

283100-283234

Sentence

denotes

Chest radiograph and CT scan revealed a mass in the upper lobe of the right lung with an infiltrate of the upper lobe of the left one.

T77734

283100-283234

Sentence

denotes

Chest radiograph and CT scan revealed a mass in the upper lobe of the right lung with an infiltrate of the upper lobe of the left one.

TextSentencer_T2415

283235-283353

Sentence

denotes

Magnetic resonance imaging confirms the previous lesions, with extending process to the sternum and right collar bone.

T86893

283235-283353

Sentence

denotes

Magnetic resonance imaging confirms the previous lesions, with extending process to the sternum and right collar bone.

TextSentencer_T2416

283354-283424

Sentence

denotes

Bronchoscopy was performed while patient was on antimicrobial therapy.

T23342

283354-283424

Sentence

denotes

Bronchoscopy was performed while patient was on antimicrobial therapy.

TextSentencer_T2417

283425-283478

Sentence

denotes

Culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was negative.

T25109

283425-283478

Sentence

denotes

Culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was negative.

TextSentencer_T2418

283479-283520

Sentence

denotes

Transbronchial biopsy was not conclusive.

T14129

283479-283520

Sentence

denotes

Transbronchial biopsy was not conclusive.

TextSentencer_T2419

283521-283602

Sentence

denotes

Fungal serologies were negative for aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis.

T50066

283521-283602

Sentence

denotes

Fungal serologies were negative for aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis.

TextSentencer_T2420

283603-283714

Sentence

denotes

Bacterial examination of purulent drainage from sternal wound shows inclusion bodies identified as actinomyces.

T28037

283603-283714

Sentence

denotes

Bacterial examination of purulent drainage from sternal wound shows inclusion bodies identified as actinomyces.

TextSentencer_T2421

283715-283797

Sentence

denotes

He was treated then with penicillin IV for 2 months, than switched to doxycycline.

T87145

283715-283797

Sentence

denotes

He was treated then with penicillin IV for 2 months, than switched to doxycycline.

TextSentencer_T2422

283798-283876

Sentence

denotes

After 8 months of treatment, he is asymptomatic with radiological improvement.

T86470

283798-283876

Sentence

denotes

After 8 months of treatment, he is asymptomatic with radiological improvement.

TextSentencer_T2423

283877-284212

Sentence

denotes

Kanellopoulou M a , Skarmoutsou N a , Iglezos I b , Mylona E a , Martsoukou M a , Apostolopoulou F b , Papafrangas E a . a Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Sismanoglio General District Hospital of Attica, Athens, Greece , b 2nd Department of Pneumology, Sismanoglio General District Hospital of Attica, Athens, Greece Introduction:

T54283

283877-284212

Sentence

denotes

Kanellopoulou M a , Skarmoutsou N a , Iglezos I b , Mylona E a , Martsoukou M a , Apostolopoulou F b , Papafrangas E a . a Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Sismanoglio General District Hospital of Attica, Athens, Greece , b 2nd Department of Pneumology, Sismanoglio General District Hospital of Attica, Athens, Greece Introduction:

TextSentencer_T2424

284213-284265

Sentence

denotes

Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a rare human pathogen.

T36587

284213-284265

Sentence

denotes

Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a rare human pathogen.

TextSentencer_T2425

284266-284375

Sentence

denotes

It is an important cause of bacteremia in patients with cardiac diseases, malignancies and immunosuppression.

T75357

284266-284375

Sentence

denotes

It is an important cause of bacteremia in patients with cardiac diseases, malignancies and immunosuppression.

TextSentencer_T2426

284376-284499

Sentence

denotes

It has been recently recognized as an emerging microorganism in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), whose its pathogenic role is unknown.

T45455

284376-284499

Sentence

denotes

It has been recently recognized as an emerging microorganism in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), whose its pathogenic role is unknown.

TextSentencer_T2427

284500-284504

Sentence

denotes

Aim:

T89716

284500-284504

Sentence

denotes

Aim:

TextSentencer_T2428

284505-284640

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the sensitivity to eleven different antibiotics of 27 A. xylosoxidans strains isolated from adults with CF, during 2001.

T78957

284505-284640

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the sensitivity to eleven different antibiotics of 27 A. xylosoxidans strains isolated from adults with CF, during 2001.

TextSentencer_T2429

284641-284649

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T16821

284641-284649

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T2430

284650-284798

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility was tested by Kirby Bauer and microdilution methods (Wider I, Fransisco Soria Melguizo, S.A.), according to NCCLS recomendations.

T99084

284650-284798

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility was tested by Kirby Bauer and microdilution methods (Wider I, Fransisco Soria Melguizo, S.A.), according to NCCLS recomendations.

TextSentencer_T2431

284799-284807

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T27770

284799-284807

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2432

284808-284854

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to antibiotics was as follows :

T32454

284808-284854

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to antibiotics was as follows :

TextSentencer_T2433

284855-285009

Sentence

denotes

Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Aztreonam 100%, Amikacin 96%, Ceftazidime 85%, Ticarcillin 66%, Carbapenems, Cotrimoxazole 59%, Colistin 51% and Piperacillin 22%.

T90582

284855-285009

Sentence

denotes

Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Aztreonam 100%, Amikacin 96%, Ceftazidime 85%, Ticarcillin 66%, Carbapenems, Cotrimoxazole 59%, Colistin 51% and Piperacillin 22%.

TextSentencer_T2434

285010-285336

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) A. xylosoxidans isolated from CF patients appeared resistant to the most usually tested antibacterial agents. (2) Colistin which is used as aerolized antibiotic for CF patients seems to be effective in the half of the isolated strains. (3) Piperacillin was the most active antibiotic against A. xylosoxidans .

T44672

285010-285336

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) A. xylosoxidans isolated from CF patients appeared resistant to the most usually tested antibacterial agents. (2) Colistin which is used as aerolized antibiotic for CF patients seems to be effective in the half of the isolated strains. (3) Piperacillin was the most active antibiotic against A. xylosoxidans .

TextSentencer_T2435

285337-285375

Sentence

denotes

Morris KA, Perry JD, Jain S, Gould FK.

T42528

285337-285375

Sentence

denotes

Morris KA, Perry JD, Jain S, Gould FK.

TextSentencer_T2436

285376-285574

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Alafosfalin, L-alanyl-L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid, is an antibacterial peptide mimetic which inhibits peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

T56921

285376-285574

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Alafosfalin, L-alanyl-L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid, is an antibacterial peptide mimetic which inhibits peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

TextSentencer_T2437

285575-285744

Sentence

denotes

We report the in-vitro activity of this compound in combination with ceftazidime, cefsulodin, fosfomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin and timentin.

T63347

285575-285744

Sentence

denotes

We report the in-vitro activity of this compound in combination with ceftazidime, cefsulodin, fosfomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin and timentin.

TextSentencer_T2438

285745-285901

Sentence

denotes

Drug combinations were evaluated against 20 Burkholderia cepacia strains, and 20 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.

T34207

285745-285901

Sentence

denotes

Drug combinations were evaluated against 20 Burkholderia cepacia strains, and 20 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.

TextSentencer_T2439

285902-286067

Sentence

denotes

For this purpose a chequerboard technique was adopted using doubling dilutions of each antibiotic incorporated into a highly defined agar medium free of antagonists.

T24258

285902-286067

Sentence

denotes

For this purpose a chequerboard technique was adopted using doubling dilutions of each antibiotic incorporated into a highly defined agar medium free of antagonists.

TextSentencer_T2440

286068-286264

Sentence

denotes

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) of all the antibiotic combinations were determined which revealed the antibiotic interaction occurring.

T58182

286068-286264

Sentence

denotes

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) of all the antibiotic combinations were determined which revealed the antibiotic interaction occurring.

TextSentencer_T2441

286265-286444

Sentence

denotes

Alafosfalin in combination with ceftazidime, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and timentin demonstrated the highest percentages of synergy in both B. cepacia and P. aeruginosa .

T36453

286265-286444

Sentence

denotes

Alafosfalin in combination with ceftazidime, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and timentin demonstrated the highest percentages of synergy in both B. cepacia and P. aeruginosa .

TextSentencer_T2442

286445-286578

Sentence

denotes

Synergy was shown to occur in 15, 15, 10 and 10% of B. cepacia strains respectively, and in 10, 5, 5 and 5% of P. aeruginosa strains.

T67714

286445-286578

Sentence

denotes

Synergy was shown to occur in 15, 15, 10 and 10% of B. cepacia strains respectively, and in 10, 5, 5 and 5% of P. aeruginosa strains.

TextSentencer_T2443

286579-286685

Sentence

denotes

These four combinations were re-tested with all 40 isolates and the results were shown to be reproducible.

T72000

286579-286685

Sentence

denotes

These four combinations were re-tested with all 40 isolates and the results were shown to be reproducible.

TextSentencer_T2444

286686-286853

Sentence

denotes

Alafosfalin shows potential as a treatment for cystic fibrosis patients colonised with P. aeruginosa and/or B. cepacia , when applied in combination with these agents.

T9848

286686-286853

Sentence

denotes

Alafosfalin shows potential as a treatment for cystic fibrosis patients colonised with P. aeruginosa and/or B. cepacia , when applied in combination with these agents.

TextSentencer_T2445

286854-286911

Sentence

denotes

Community-acquired pneumonia */does its aetiology matter?

T49107

286854-286911

Sentence

denotes

Community-acquired pneumonia */does its aetiology matter?

TextSentencer_T2446

286912-286951

Sentence

denotes

PS229 Lintmaer I, Popescu A, Popescu C.

T84620

286912-286951

Sentence

denotes

PS229 Lintmaer I, Popescu A, Popescu C.

TextSentencer_T2447

286952-287023

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Infectious Diseases Matei Bals, Unit 5, Bucharest, Romania

T88829

286952-287023

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Infectious Diseases Matei Bals, Unit 5, Bucharest, Romania

TextSentencer_T2448

287024-287119

Sentence

denotes

The aetiology of a pneumonia is not one of the criteria used to determine pneumonia's severity.

T65504

287024-287119

Sentence

denotes

The aetiology of a pneumonia is not one of the criteria used to determine pneumonia's severity.

TextSentencer_T2449

287120-287230

Sentence

denotes

However, it is accepted that identified based Á/based therapy is less expensive (and possibly more effective).

T85029

287120-287230

Sentence

denotes

However, it is accepted that identified based Á/based therapy is less expensive (and possibly more effective).

TextSentencer_T2450

287231-287242

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T18862

287231-287242

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T2451

287243-287386

Sentence

denotes

Our study aims were to: (1) to evaluate the role of aetiology identification in pneumonia; (2) to evaluate the first-line therapy in pneumonia.

T81858

287243-287386

Sentence

denotes

Our study aims were to: (1) to evaluate the role of aetiology identification in pneumonia; (2) to evaluate the first-line therapy in pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2452

287387-287395

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T51613

287387-287395

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T2453

287396-287498

Sentence

denotes

We conducted a retrospective study in an Infectious Diseases Hospital on 1126 patients with pneumonia.

T74192

287396-287498

Sentence

denotes

We conducted a retrospective study in an Infectious Diseases Hospital on 1126 patients with pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2454

287499-287551

Sentence

denotes

We excluded all the cases with nosocomial pneumonia.

T31734

287499-287551

Sentence

denotes

We excluded all the cases with nosocomial pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2455

287552-287735

Sentence

denotes

Primary end-point was the 28day clinical failure (deaths, ICU admission), secondary end-points were the average time of fever and length of stay and the antimicrobial regimen changes.

T55078

287552-287735

Sentence

denotes

Primary end-point was the 28day clinical failure (deaths, ICU admission), secondary end-points were the average time of fever and length of stay and the antimicrobial regimen changes.

TextSentencer_T2456

287736-287744

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T90949

287736-287744

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2457

287745-287791

Sentence

denotes

Causative agent identification rate was 24.6%.

T78080

287745-287791

Sentence

denotes

Causative agent identification rate was 24.6%.

TextSentencer_T2458

287792-287900

Sentence

denotes

The evolution was different for patients with identified aetiology compared with other patients in terms of:

T43096

287792-287900

Sentence

denotes

The evolution was different for patients with identified aetiology compared with other patients in terms of:

TextSentencer_T2459

287901-287974

Sentence

denotes

28-day failures, length-of-stay and changes of the antimicrobial regimen.

T85632

287901-287974

Sentence

denotes

28-day failures, length-of-stay and changes of the antimicrobial regimen.

TextSentencer_T2460

287975-288141

Sentence

denotes

The 61 patients with inadequate first-line therapy had a more severe course of illness with a greater rate of 28day clinical failure, longer fever and length-of-stay.

T38288

287975-288141

Sentence

denotes

The 61 patients with inadequate first-line therapy had a more severe course of illness with a greater rate of 28day clinical failure, longer fever and length-of-stay.

TextSentencer_T2461

288142-288154

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T44323

288142-288154

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2462

288155-288237

Sentence

denotes

Pneumonia's treatment was better for the patients with identified causative agent.

T96220

288155-288237

Sentence

denotes

Pneumonia's treatment was better for the patients with identified causative agent.

TextSentencer_T2463

288238-288370

Sentence

denotes

That is why we should include aetiology among the pneumonia severity criteria, especially at an 'after 3-day therapy' re-evaluation.

T14314

288238-288370

Sentence

denotes

That is why we should include aetiology among the pneumonia severity criteria, especially at an 'after 3-day therapy' re-evaluation.

TextSentencer_T2464

288371-288379

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T9939

288371-288379

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2465

288380-288476

Sentence

denotes

Pneumomococcal AOM was detected in 94 children (41.0%) and S.pn. was the only pathogen in 80.9%.

T77606

288380-288476

Sentence

denotes

Pneumomococcal AOM was detected in 94 children (41.0%) and S.pn. was the only pathogen in 80.9%.

TextSentencer_T2466

288477-288756

Sentence

denotes

The resistance rates of the organism to antibiotics were as follows: penicillin 48.9% (MICB/1 mg/ml; intermediately resistant 31.9%, MIC 1.5 mg/ml 8.5%, and MIC!/2 mg/ml; highly resistant 8.5%), erythromycin 55.3%, clindamycin 11.7%, cotrimoxazole 41.5% and chloramphenicol 6.4%.

T28156

288477-288756

Sentence

denotes

The resistance rates of the organism to antibiotics were as follows: penicillin 48.9% (MICB/1 mg/ml; intermediately resistant 31.9%, MIC 1.5 mg/ml 8.5%, and MIC!/2 mg/ml; highly resistant 8.5%), erythromycin 55.3%, clindamycin 11.7%, cotrimoxazole 41.5% and chloramphenicol 6.4%.

TextSentencer_T2467

288757-288826

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were uniformly susceptible to rifambicin and vancomycin.

T22215

288757-288826

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were uniformly susceptible to rifambicin and vancomycin.

TextSentencer_T2468

288827-288963

Sentence

denotes

The large majority of pneumococcal isolates (80.8%) had the Mphenotype and the remaining strains (19.2%) the constitutive MLS phenotype.

T20859

288827-288963

Sentence

denotes

The large majority of pneumococcal isolates (80.8%) had the Mphenotype and the remaining strains (19.2%) the constitutive MLS phenotype.

TextSentencer_T2469

288964-289117

Sentence

denotes

A various of serogroups were detected; the serogroup 19 was the most predominant one (50.0%), followed by serogroups 14 (14.9%), 23 (10.6%) and 6 (6.4%).

T93887

288964-289117

Sentence

denotes

A various of serogroups were detected; the serogroup 19 was the most predominant one (50.0%), followed by serogroups 14 (14.9%), 23 (10.6%) and 6 (6.4%).

TextSentencer_T2470

289118-289184

Sentence

denotes

The non-typable S.pn. strains compromised the 8.5% of the strains.

T96670

289118-289184

Sentence

denotes

The non-typable S.pn. strains compromised the 8.5% of the strains.

TextSentencer_T2471

289185-289197

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T11052

289185-289197

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2472

289198-289320

Sentence

denotes

High prevalence of resistance to penicillin, macrolides and cotrimoxazole in pneumococcal AOM of childhood was recognized.

T14321

289198-289320

Sentence

denotes

High prevalence of resistance to penicillin, macrolides and cotrimoxazole in pneumococcal AOM of childhood was recognized.

TextSentencer_T2473

289321-289410

Sentence

denotes

A strategy for preventing AOM caused by drug-resistant pneumococci is mandatory to start.

T1337

289321-289410

Sentence

denotes

A strategy for preventing AOM caused by drug-resistant pneumococci is mandatory to start.

TextSentencer_T2474

289411-289432

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T63270

289411-289432

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T2475

289433-289476

Sentence

denotes

A total number of 82 strains were examined.

T73152

289433-289476

Sentence

denotes

A total number of 82 strains were examined.

TextSentencer_T2476

289477-289609

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity test was performed by Kirby Bauer, microdilution method (Pasco, Difco) according to NCCLS guidelines and by E -test.

T61193

289477-289609

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity test was performed by Kirby Bauer, microdilution method (Pasco, Difco) according to NCCLS guidelines and by E -test.

TextSentencer_T2477

289610-289618

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T45722

289610-289618

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2478

289619-289793

Sentence

denotes

A percentage of 5.5 % of S. pneumoniae strains revealed high level resistance to Penicillin (MIC]/2 mg/ml), while the 28% showed intermediate resistance (MIC 0.12 Á/1 mg/ml).

T89997

289619-289793

Sentence

denotes

A percentage of 5.5 % of S. pneumoniae strains revealed high level resistance to Penicillin (MIC]/2 mg/ml), while the 28% showed intermediate resistance (MIC 0.12 Á/1 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T2479

289794-289911

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to Erythromycin and Cotrimoxazole was 8.3 % (MIC ]/1 mg/ml) and 5.5 % (MIC]/4/76 mg/ml), respectively.

T6689

289794-289911

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to Erythromycin and Cotrimoxazole was 8.3 % (MIC ]/1 mg/ml) and 5.5 % (MIC]/4/76 mg/ml), respectively.

TextSentencer_T2480

289912-290061

Sentence

denotes

All strains were sensitive to Cefotaxime (MIC 0.05 mg/ml), Vancomycin (MIC5/0.5 mg/ml), Meropenem (MIC 5/0.25 mg/ml) and Levofloxacin (MIC5/2 mg/ml).

T38975

289912-290061

Sentence

denotes

All strains were sensitive to Cefotaxime (MIC 0.05 mg/ml), Vancomycin (MIC5/0.5 mg/ml), Meropenem (MIC 5/0.25 mg/ml) and Levofloxacin (MIC5/2 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T2481

290062-290184

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) The prevalence of high resistance S. pneumoniae to Penicillin seems to be low in examined strains (5.5%).

T99354

290062-290184

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) The prevalence of high resistance S. pneumoniae to Penicillin seems to be low in examined strains (5.5%).

TextSentencer_T2482

290185-290473

Sentence

denotes

(2) Intermediate resistance to Penicillin of S. pneumoniae isolates was high as expected (28%). (3) Most of the strains were sensitive to Erythromycin (91.7%) and Cotrimozaxole (94.5%). (4) S. pneumoniae isolates were completely (100%) sensitive to Levofloxacin, Vancomycin and Meropenem.

T67055

290185-290473

Sentence

denotes

(2) Intermediate resistance to Penicillin of S. pneumoniae isolates was high as expected (28%). (3) Most of the strains were sensitive to Erythromycin (91.7%) and Cotrimozaxole (94.5%). (4) S. pneumoniae isolates were completely (100%) sensitive to Levofloxacin, Vancomycin and Meropenem.

TextSentencer_T2483

290474-290524

Sentence

denotes

Beghi G, Aiolfi S, Maghini L, Patruno V, Aiolfi E.

T97243

290474-290524

Sentence

denotes

Beghi G, Aiolfi S, Maghini L, Patruno V, Aiolfi E.

TextSentencer_T2484

290525-290601

Sentence

denotes

S Marta Hospital, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, A.O., Rivolta d'Adda, Italy

T66434

290525-290601

Sentence

denotes

S Marta Hospital, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, A.O., Rivolta d'Adda, Italy

TextSentencer_T2485

290602-290775

Sentence

denotes

Aim: of this study was a retrospective (1997 Á/2001) evaluation of the more effective and practical antibiotic treatment in 1058 AE-COPD patients (pts) admitted to our Unit.

T45027

290602-290775

Sentence

denotes

Aim: of this study was a retrospective (1997 Á/2001) evaluation of the more effective and practical antibiotic treatment in 1058 AE-COPD patients (pts) admitted to our Unit.

TextSentencer_T2486

290776-291006

Sentence

denotes

Methods: before introducing any antimocrobial drug, sputum specimens were collected for microbiological purposes, while blood analysis, to monitor adverse systemic effects, were performed at the beginning and the end of treatment.

T67149

290776-291006

Sentence

denotes

Methods: before introducing any antimocrobial drug, sputum specimens were collected for microbiological purposes, while blood analysis, to monitor adverse systemic effects, were performed at the beginning and the end of treatment.

TextSentencer_T2487

291007-291080

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic treatment ranged from 8 to 15 days according to four regimens:

T56184

291007-291080

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic treatment ranged from 8 to 15 days according to four regimens:

TextSentencer_T2488

291081-291120

Sentence

denotes

Regimen A (832 pts)0/oral therapy only:

T12973

291081-291120

Sentence

denotes

Regimen A (832 pts)0/oral therapy only:

TextSentencer_T2489

291121-291286

Sentence

denotes

30.9% with AMC 1 g b.i.d.; 24.4% with CIP 500 mg b.i.d.; 17.4% with DOX 100 mg u.i.d.; 10.2% with LEV 750 mg u.i.d.; 8.5% with CLA 500 mg b.i.d.; 7.8% miscellaneous.

T93792

291121-291286

Sentence

denotes

30.9% with AMC 1 g b.i.d.; 24.4% with CIP 500 mg b.i.d.; 17.4% with DOX 100 mg u.i.d.; 10.2% with LEV 750 mg u.i.d.; 8.5% with CLA 500 mg b.i.d.; 7.8% miscellaneous.

TextSentencer_T2490

291287-291350

Sentence

denotes

Regimen B (94 pts)0/sequential therapy (e.v. for 3 days0/oral):

T15794

291287-291350

Sentence

denotes

Regimen B (94 pts)0/sequential therapy (e.v. for 3 days0/oral):

TextSentencer_T2491

291351-291406

Sentence

denotes

56.4% with AMC 1 g b.i.d.; 37.2% with CLA 500 mg b.i.d.

T8857

291351-291406

Sentence

denotes

56.4% with AMC 1 g b.i.d.; 37.2% with CLA 500 mg b.i.d.

TextSentencer_T2492

291407-291457

Sentence

denotes

Regimen C (68 pts)0/e.v. therapy only: same drugs.

T73076

291407-291457

Sentence

denotes

Regimen C (68 pts)0/e.v. therapy only: same drugs.

TextSentencer_T2493

291458-291512

Sentence

denotes

Regimen D (64 pts)0/an association of two antibiotics.

T99246

291458-291512

Sentence

denotes

Regimen D (64 pts)0/an association of two antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T2494

291513-291640

Sentence

denotes

Results: of 1058 evaluated pts, only 199 (19.6%) required a second regimen of treatment because of failure of the previous one:

T77167

291513-291640

Sentence

denotes

Results: of 1058 evaluated pts, only 199 (19.6%) required a second regimen of treatment because of failure of the previous one:

TextSentencer_T2495

291641-291722

Sentence

denotes

19.7% of Regimen A; 12.7% of Regimen B; 23.5% of Regimen C, and 14% of Regimen D.

T21976

291641-291722

Sentence

denotes

19.7% of Regimen A; 12.7% of Regimen B; 23.5% of Regimen C, and 14% of Regimen D.

TextSentencer_T2496

291723-291775

Sentence

denotes

Mild adverse effects were detected only in four pts.

T98420

291723-291775

Sentence

denotes

Mild adverse effects were detected only in four pts.

TextSentencer_T2497

291776-291953

Sentence

denotes

Our results confirm that oral antibiotic treatment is practical, safe, and effective, and can be considered as the first line regimen also in hospitalized patients with AE-COPD.

T59918

291776-291953

Sentence

denotes

Our results confirm that oral antibiotic treatment is practical, safe, and effective, and can be considered as the first line regimen also in hospitalized patients with AE-COPD.

TextSentencer_T2498

291954-292121

Sentence

denotes

Becher G a , Gillissen A a , Rothe M b . a St. George Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Hospital, Leipzig, Germany , b FILT, Lung and Chest Diagnostics Ltd., Berlin, Germany

T6146

291954-292121

Sentence

denotes

Becher G a , Gillissen A a , Rothe M b . a St. George Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Hospital, Leipzig, Germany , b FILT, Lung and Chest Diagnostics Ltd., Berlin, Germany

TextSentencer_T2499

292122-292232

Sentence

denotes

Patients with severe form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone by frequent exacerbations.

T27546

292122-292232

Sentence

denotes

Patients with severe form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone by frequent exacerbations.

TextSentencer_T2500

292233-292305

Sentence

denotes

Bacterial infections are judged to cause at least half of exacerbations.

T61548

292233-292305

Sentence

denotes

Bacterial infections are judged to cause at least half of exacerbations.

TextSentencer_T2501

292306-292541

Sentence

denotes

Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most frequent isolates, Gramnegative bacilli account for the severe cases, aggravating the inflammatory process in the airways eventually leading to respiratory insufficiency.

T1881

292306-292541

Sentence

denotes

Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most frequent isolates, Gramnegative bacilli account for the severe cases, aggravating the inflammatory process in the airways eventually leading to respiratory insufficiency.

TextSentencer_T2502

292542-292792

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this ongoing placebo controlled, parallel group, mono center study trial is to evaluate beneficial effect of cefixim to reduce bacterial load and pulmonary inflammation in patients (n0/ 30) with acute bacterial exacerbation of severe COPD.

T95713

292542-292792

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this ongoing placebo controlled, parallel group, mono center study trial is to evaluate beneficial effect of cefixim to reduce bacterial load and pulmonary inflammation in patients (n0/ 30) with acute bacterial exacerbation of severe COPD.

TextSentencer_T2503

292793-292890

Sentence

denotes

Thus, 30 patients received in randomized fashion either Cefixim (400 mg/day) or placebo (5 days).

T86276

292793-292890

Sentence

denotes

Thus, 30 patients received in randomized fashion either Cefixim (400 mg/day) or placebo (5 days).

TextSentencer_T2504

292891-293021

Sentence

denotes

On days 1, 2, 5 and 8 breath condensate is collected using 'EcoScreen' (Jaeger Germany) for LTB4-, IL-8-, Nitrite-and PH-analysis.

T47351

292891-293021

Sentence

denotes

On days 1, 2, 5 and 8 breath condensate is collected using 'EcoScreen' (Jaeger Germany) for LTB4-, IL-8-, Nitrite-and PH-analysis.

TextSentencer_T2505

293022-293134

Sentence

denotes

In parallel sputum gathered for detection of bacterial strains, and for LTB4-, and IL-8 quantification purposes.

T98570

293022-293134

Sentence

denotes

In parallel sputum gathered for detection of bacterial strains, and for LTB4-, and IL-8 quantification purposes.

TextSentencer_T2506

293135-293297

Sentence

denotes

These data are compared to clinical outcome parameters such as lung function tests, radiographic findings, serum inflammatory markers and length of hospital stay.

T22710

293135-293297

Sentence

denotes

These data are compared to clinical outcome parameters such as lung function tests, radiographic findings, serum inflammatory markers and length of hospital stay.

TextSentencer_T2507

293298-293611

Sentence

denotes

The preliminary data obtained confirm successful antibiotic therapy with oral Cefixim in bacterial related acute exacerbations of COPD is a useful approach to reduce bacterial load, and concomitantly lower inflammatory indices of the central and peripheral airways leading to clinical improvement of the patients.

T78008

293298-293611

Sentence

denotes

The preliminary data obtained confirm successful antibiotic therapy with oral Cefixim in bacterial related acute exacerbations of COPD is a useful approach to reduce bacterial load, and concomitantly lower inflammatory indices of the central and peripheral airways leading to clinical improvement of the patients.

TextSentencer_T2508

293612-294001

Sentence

denotes

Soriano Garcia F a , Fenoll A b , Fernandez-Roblas R a , Coronel P c , Gimeno M c , Rodenas E c , Garcia M a , Granizo JJ d . a Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional Microbiologia, Majadahonda, Spain , c Tedec Meiji Farma, Scientific, Alcala de Henares, Spain , d Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain Purpose:

T15710

293612-294001

Sentence

denotes

Soriano Garcia F a , Fenoll A b , Fernandez-Roblas R a , Coronel P c , Gimeno M c , Rodenas E c , Garcia M a , Granizo JJ d . a Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional Microbiologia, Majadahonda, Spain , c Tedec Meiji Farma, Scientific, Alcala de Henares, Spain , d Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain Purpose:

TextSentencer_T2509

294002-294172

Sentence

denotes

To describe the susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae against cefditoren and 10 other antimicrobials by serotype a multicenter study in South Europe was carried out.

T95487

294002-294172

Sentence

denotes

To describe the susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae against cefditoren and 10 other antimicrobials by serotype a multicenter study in South Europe was carried out.

TextSentencer_T2510

294173-294369

Sentence

denotes

A total of 877 strains were collected between September 2000 and March 2001 from adult patients (more than 16 y.o.) with respiratory tract infection (respiratory tract samples and blood cultures).

T74391

294173-294369

Sentence

denotes

A total of 877 strains were collected between September 2000 and March 2001 from adult patients (more than 16 y.o.) with respiratory tract infection (respiratory tract samples and blood cultures).

TextSentencer_T2511

294370-294570

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates were sent to a central Laboratory (Fundació n Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain) where susceptibility test was performed by broth microdilution (Sensititre) following NCCLS recommendations.

T37365

294370-294570

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates were sent to a central Laboratory (Fundació n Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain) where susceptibility test was performed by broth microdilution (Sensititre) following NCCLS recommendations.

TextSentencer_T2512

294571-294669

Sentence

denotes

Serotype was determined by Quellung reaction and Dot Assay in Carlos III Institute in 806 strains.

T83015

294571-294669

Sentence

denotes

Serotype was determined by Quellung reaction and Dot Assay in Carlos III Institute in 806 strains.

TextSentencer_T2513

294670-294678

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T52335

294670-294678

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2514

294679-294725

Sentence

denotes

A total of 25 strains (3.1%) were not typable.

T41990

294679-294725

Sentence

denotes

A total of 25 strains (3.1%) were not typable.

TextSentencer_T2515

294726-294828

Sentence

denotes

The most prevalent serotypes were 23 (15.4%), 6 (11.4%), 19 (10.8%), 3 (9.6%), 14 (8.9%) and 9 (8.1%).

T42888

294726-294828

Sentence

denotes

The most prevalent serotypes were 23 (15.4%), 6 (11.4%), 19 (10.8%), 3 (9.6%), 14 (8.9%) and 9 (8.1%).

TextSentencer_T2516

294829-294903

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and sixty-four strains were grouped in 27 different serotypes.

T24304

294829-294903

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and sixty-four strains were grouped in 27 different serotypes.

TextSentencer_T2517

294904-295153

Sentence

denotes

The proportion of susceptible strains by serotype to penicillin, erythromycin and levofloxacin were: serotype 3 (90.9, 93.5, 100%); 6 (50.0, 34.8, 96.7%); 9 (36.9, 86.2, 93.8%); 14 (38.9, 48.6, 94.4%); 19 (60.9, 44.8, 97.7%); 23 (58.9, 49.2, 99.2%).

T45941

294904-295153

Sentence

denotes

The proportion of susceptible strains by serotype to penicillin, erythromycin and levofloxacin were: serotype 3 (90.9, 93.5, 100%); 6 (50.0, 34.8, 96.7%); 9 (36.9, 86.2, 93.8%); 14 (38.9, 48.6, 94.4%); 19 (60.9, 44.8, 97.7%); 23 (58.9, 49.2, 99.2%).

TextSentencer_T2518

295154-295263

Sentence

denotes

The MIC 90 to cefditoren was 5/0.03 (serotype 3); 0.5 (serotype 6, 9 and 19) and 1 mg/l (serotype 14 and 23).

T92962

295154-295263

Sentence

denotes

The MIC 90 to cefditoren was 5/0.03 (serotype 3); 0.5 (serotype 6, 9 and 19) and 1 mg/l (serotype 14 and 23).

TextSentencer_T2519

295264-295276

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T84838

295264-295276

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2520

295277-295312

Sentence

denotes

The most prevalent serotype was 23.

T20117

295277-295312

Sentence

denotes

The most prevalent serotype was 23.

TextSentencer_T2521

295313-295385

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility was higher in serotype 3 than in serotypes 14 and 23.

T24268

295313-295385

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility was higher in serotype 3 than in serotypes 14 and 23.

TextSentencer_T2522

295386-295537

Sentence

denotes

Community acquired pneumonia */a study among closed military community of young people PS235 Martynova AV, Turkutyukov VB, Vostrikova AA, Andryukov BG.

T81060

295386-295537

Sentence

denotes

Community acquired pneumonia */a study among closed military community of young people PS235 Martynova AV, Turkutyukov VB, Vostrikova AA, Andryukov BG.

TextSentencer_T2523

295538-295621

Sentence

denotes

Vladivostok State Medical University, Epidemiology, Vladivostok, Russian Federation

T55768

295538-295621

Sentence

denotes

Vladivostok State Medical University, Epidemiology, Vladivostok, Russian Federation

TextSentencer_T2524

295622-295630

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T51707

295622-295630

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T2525

295631-295681

Sentence

denotes

The etiology of pneumonia is still partly unknown.

T41811

295631-295681

Sentence

denotes

The etiology of pneumonia is still partly unknown.

TextSentencer_T2526

295682-295798

Sentence

denotes

We should like to clear up an etiological role of respiratory pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia among youth.

T25690

295682-295798

Sentence

denotes

We should like to clear up an etiological role of respiratory pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia among youth.

TextSentencer_T2527

295799-295982

Sentence

denotes

And we had chosen for it a model of a closed community both investigation of etiology of disease and for further investigation of mechanisms of transmission drug-resistant mechanisms.

T77682

295799-295982

Sentence

denotes

And we had chosen for it a model of a closed community both investigation of etiology of disease and for further investigation of mechanisms of transmission drug-resistant mechanisms.

TextSentencer_T2528

295983-295991

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T71840

295983-295991

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T2529

295992-296201

Sentence

denotes

We studied 300 adults in age of 17 Á/25 from closed military collectives who presented to two public hospitals (one urban and one rural) with acute radiologically confirmed pneumonia during winter 2000 Á/2001.

T22355

295992-296201

Sentence

denotes

We studied 300 adults in age of 17 Á/25 from closed military collectives who presented to two public hospitals (one urban and one rural) with acute radiologically confirmed pneumonia during winter 2000 Á/2001.

TextSentencer_T2530

296202-296360

Sentence

denotes

We did blood and lung-aspirate cultures, mycobacterial cultures, serotype-specific pneumococcal antigen detection, and serology for viral and atypical agents.

T4258

296202-296360

Sentence

denotes

We did blood and lung-aspirate cultures, mycobacterial cultures, serotype-specific pneumococcal antigen detection, and serology for viral and atypical agents.

TextSentencer_T2531

296361-296369

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T45077

296361-296369

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2532

296370-296546

Sentence

denotes

Streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia, it probably accounts for 65% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia among youth.

T71055

296370-296546

Sentence

denotes

Streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia, it probably accounts for 65% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia among youth.

TextSentencer_T2533

296547-296637

Sentence

denotes

Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae responsible for approximately 20% of cases.

T20979

296547-296637

Sentence

denotes

Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae responsible for approximately 20% of cases.

TextSentencer_T2534

296638-296748

Sentence

denotes

Haemophilus influenzae caused 7.5% sever cases of disease, 3% of all cases were due to Moraxella catharralis .

T83791

296638-296748

Sentence

denotes

Haemophilus influenzae caused 7.5% sever cases of disease, 3% of all cases were due to Moraxella catharralis .

TextSentencer_T2535

296749-296760

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T73239

296749-296760

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2536

296761-296826

Sentence

denotes

Pneumococcial infection accounted for 65% of the cases diagnosed.

T42854

296761-296826

Sentence

denotes

Pneumococcial infection accounted for 65% of the cases diagnosed.

TextSentencer_T2537

296827-296950

Sentence

denotes

S. pneumoniae was the most common bacterial infective agent, with a low incidence of both M. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae .

T27429

296827-296950

Sentence

denotes

S. pneumoniae was the most common bacterial infective agent, with a low incidence of both M. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae .

TextSentencer_T2538

296951-297060

Sentence

denotes

Other causative pathogens occurred only within groups of individuals with deficiency of immunological status.

T57850

296951-297060

Sentence

denotes

Other causative pathogens occurred only within groups of individuals with deficiency of immunological status.

TextSentencer_T2539

297061-297167

Sentence

denotes

Berezin EN a , Cardenuto MD a , Nobuko E b , Guerra ML c , Brandileone MC d . a Santa Casa, Pediatrics, S.

T45484

297061-297167

Sentence

denotes

Berezin EN a , Cardenuto MD a , Nobuko E b , Guerra ML c , Brandileone MC d . a Santa Casa, Pediatrics, S.

TextSentencer_T2540

297168-297214

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , b Santa Casa, Microbiology, S.

T81215

297168-297214

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , b Santa Casa, Microbiology, S.

TextSentencer_T2541

297215-297262

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , c Adolfo Lutz, Microbiology, S.

T48926

297215-297262

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , c Adolfo Lutz, Microbiology, S.

TextSentencer_T2542

297263-297310

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , d Adolfo Lutz, Bacteriology, S.

T15369

297263-297310

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , d Adolfo Lutz, Bacteriology, S.

TextSentencer_T2543

297311-297324

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil

T64114

297311-297324

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil

TextSentencer_T2544

297325-297498

Sentence

denotes

To determine antimicrobial susceptibility of SP isolated from the upper respiratory tract, we collected NP swab specimens from 80 children, between 3 months and 5 years old.

T69895

297325-297498

Sentence

denotes

To determine antimicrobial susceptibility of SP isolated from the upper respiratory tract, we collected NP swab specimens from 80 children, between 3 months and 5 years old.

TextSentencer_T2545

297499-297550

Sentence

denotes

Those children attended the outpatient clinic in S.

T452

297499-297550

Sentence

denotes

Those children attended the outpatient clinic in S.

TextSentencer_T2546

297551-297669

Sentence

denotes

Paulo City, with diagnosis of bacterial infection requiring antibiotic therapy between March 15, 2000 to May 20, 2001.

T77523

297551-297669

Sentence

denotes

Paulo City, with diagnosis of bacterial infection requiring antibiotic therapy between March 15, 2000 to May 20, 2001.

TextSentencer_T2547

297670-297829

Sentence

denotes

Penicillin susceptibility of isolates was determined by screening with oxacillin 1 mcg disk and performing the minimal inhibitory concentration by the E -test.

T19009

297670-297829

Sentence

denotes

Penicillin susceptibility of isolates was determined by screening with oxacillin 1 mcg disk and performing the minimal inhibitory concentration by the E -test.

TextSentencer_T2548

297830-297897

Sentence

denotes

We performed also susceptibility test for amoxicillin and cefaclor.

T16811

297830-297897

Sentence

denotes

We performed also susceptibility test for amoxicillin and cefaclor.

TextSentencer_T2549

297898-297955

Sentence

denotes

Results: SP was recovered from NP of 42 children (52.5%).

T83104

297898-297955

Sentence

denotes

Results: SP was recovered from NP of 42 children (52.5%).

TextSentencer_T2550

297956-298112

Sentence

denotes

The carriage of SP was more prevalent in children attending day care centers, children with young siblings at home, and children with tobacco users at home.

T7043

297956-298112

Sentence

denotes

The carriage of SP was more prevalent in children attending day care centers, children with young siblings at home, and children with tobacco users at home.

TextSentencer_T2551

298113-298217

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible strains was 40.4% all of them with intermediate resistance.

T1944

298113-298217

Sentence

denotes

The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible strains was 40.4% all of them with intermediate resistance.

TextSentencer_T2552

298218-298303

Sentence

denotes

All the strains were susceptible to amoxicillin and 19.2% were resistant to cefaclor.

T62000

298218-298303

Sentence

denotes

All the strains were susceptible to amoxicillin and 19.2% were resistant to cefaclor.

TextSentencer_T2553

298304-298363

Sentence

denotes

Serotypes 14.6B, 19F, 9N, 4, 6A and 5 were the most common.

T60564

298304-298363

Sentence

denotes

Serotypes 14.6B, 19F, 9N, 4, 6A and 5 were the most common.

TextSentencer_T2554

298364-298586

Sentence

denotes

These findings suggest that nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children with upper respiratory infections can be used to conduct surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in a defined geographic area.

T44096

298364-298586

Sentence

denotes

These findings suggest that nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children with upper respiratory infections can be used to conduct surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in a defined geographic area.

TextSentencer_T2555

298587-298698

Sentence

denotes

We were able to conclude also that penicillin intermediate resistent strains can be susceptible to amoxicillin.

T19845

298587-298698

Sentence

denotes

We were able to conclude also that penicillin intermediate resistent strains can be susceptible to amoxicillin.

TextSentencer_T2556

298699-298899

Sentence

denotes

Hinojosa RM a , Saenz A a , Collazo M a , Echaniz G b . a Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Infectologia, Monterrey, Mexico , b Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Epidemiologia, Cuernavaca, Mexico

T51421

298699-298899

Sentence

denotes

Hinojosa RM a , Saenz A a , Collazo M a , Echaniz G b . a Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Infectologia, Monterrey, Mexico , b Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Epidemiologia, Cuernavaca, Mexico

TextSentencer_T2557

298900-299081

Sentence

denotes

The emergence of penicillin-and multidrug-resistant pneumococcal strains has become a global concern, necessitating the identification of the epidemiological spread of such strains.

T79134

298900-299081

Sentence

denotes

The emergence of penicillin-and multidrug-resistant pneumococcal strains has become a global concern, necessitating the identification of the epidemiological spread of such strains.

TextSentencer_T2558

299082-299091

Sentence

denotes

Material:

T35736

299082-299091

Sentence

denotes

Material:

TextSentencer_T2559

299092-299192

Sentence

denotes

Ninety Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates were collected from March 1997 through March 1999.

T2898

299092-299192

Sentence

denotes

Ninety Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates were collected from March 1997 through March 1999.

TextSentencer_T2560

299193-299271

Sentence

denotes

Typing was done by the capsular reaction with pooled, type, or group antisera.

T36470

299193-299271

Sentence

denotes

Typing was done by the capsular reaction with pooled, type, or group antisera.

TextSentencer_T2561

299272-299370

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing to 11 antimicrobials was done by the E -Test and the disk diffusion method.

T89021

299272-299370

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing to 11 antimicrobials was done by the E -Test and the disk diffusion method.

TextSentencer_T2562

299371-299379

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T32570

299371-299379

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2563

299380-299501

Sentence

denotes

Only 46 (51%) S. pneumoniae strains were classified by serotyping; the most frequent types were 6A/B, 23F, 9V, 19F and 4.

T72489

299380-299501

Sentence

denotes

Only 46 (51%) S. pneumoniae strains were classified by serotyping; the most frequent types were 6A/B, 23F, 9V, 19F and 4.

TextSentencer_T2564

299502-299634

Sentence

denotes

The Oxacillin screening test detected 37.2% penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains isolated from children and 44.6% from adults.

T41768

299502-299634

Sentence

denotes

The Oxacillin screening test detected 37.2% penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains isolated from children and 44.6% from adults.

TextSentencer_T2565

299635-299733

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility percentage of S. pneumoniae to Ceftriaxone was 93% in both children and adults.

T26602

299635-299733

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility percentage of S. pneumoniae to Ceftriaxone was 93% in both children and adults.

TextSentencer_T2566

299734-299873

Sentence

denotes

S. pneumoniae isolates from children exhibit a susceptibility of 88% to Azithromycin, while in adults 91% of the isolates were susceptible.

T61228

299734-299873

Sentence

denotes

S. pneumoniae isolates from children exhibit a susceptibility of 88% to Azithromycin, while in adults 91% of the isolates were susceptible.

TextSentencer_T2567

299874-299957

Sentence

denotes

For the rest of the antimicrobial agents, the susceptibility ranged from 69 to 89%.

T80593

299874-299957

Sentence

denotes

For the rest of the antimicrobial agents, the susceptibility ranged from 69 to 89%.

TextSentencer_T2568

299958-300032

Sentence

denotes

S. pneumoniae had a lower susceptibility to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin.

T15245

299958-300032

Sentence

denotes

S. pneumoniae had a lower susceptibility to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin.

TextSentencer_T2569

300033-300045

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T21644

300033-300045

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2570

300046-300134

Sentence

denotes

Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin had a good in-vitro activity against S. pneumoniae strains.

T59474

300046-300134

Sentence

denotes

Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin had a good in-vitro activity against S. pneumoniae strains.

TextSentencer_T2571

300135-300310

Sentence

denotes

But the percentage of penicillinresistant S. pneumoniae detected in this study is alarming, therefore we conclude that a continuous surveillance system is necessary in Mexico.

T48749

300135-300310

Sentence

denotes

But the percentage of penicillinresistant S. pneumoniae detected in this study is alarming, therefore we conclude that a continuous surveillance system is necessary in Mexico.

TextSentencer_T2572

300311-300355

Sentence

denotes

Vertkine AL, Prokhorovitch EA, Alexanyan LA.

T53470

300311-300355

Sentence

denotes

Vertkine AL, Prokhorovitch EA, Alexanyan LA.

TextSentencer_T2573

300356-300444

Sentence

denotes

A retrospective analyses of 221 cases of ambulant pneumonia with fatal outcome was made.

T36787

300356-300444

Sentence

denotes

A retrospective analyses of 221 cases of ambulant pneumonia with fatal outcome was made.

TextSentencer_T2574

300445-300576

Sentence

denotes

Among the patients who died from ambulant pneumonia the prevailing age was over 60 (63.8%) and the prevailing sex was male (68.8%).

T54601

300445-300576

Sentence

denotes

Among the patients who died from ambulant pneumonia the prevailing age was over 60 (63.8%) and the prevailing sex was male (68.8%).

TextSentencer_T2575

300577-300706

Sentence

denotes

95.9% had pneumonia accompanied with some pathology: chronic lung disease (43.9%), alcoholism (26.2%), diabetes mellitus (10.4%).

T15569

300577-300706

Sentence

denotes

95.9% had pneumonia accompanied with some pathology: chronic lung disease (43.9%), alcoholism (26.2%), diabetes mellitus (10.4%).

TextSentencer_T2576

300707-300856

Sentence

denotes

62.5% of the patients had a big volume of lungs lesion */55.7% of the patients suffered from bilobular pneumonia and 6.8% */from trilobate pneumonia.

T40622

300707-300856

Sentence

denotes

62.5% of the patients had a big volume of lungs lesion */55.7% of the patients suffered from bilobular pneumonia and 6.8% */from trilobate pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2577

300857-300954

Sentence

denotes

In 57.0% of the cases pneumonia was complicated with abscess formation and/or exudative pleurisy.

T83058

300857-300954

Sentence

denotes

In 57.0% of the cases pneumonia was complicated with abscess formation and/or exudative pleurisy.

TextSentencer_T2578

300955-301022

Sentence

denotes

We studied the antibiotics therapy used for the patients treatment.

T89180

300955-301022

Sentence

denotes

We studied the antibiotics therapy used for the patients treatment.

TextSentencer_T2579

301023-301208

Sentence

denotes

The change of antibiotics was made only in 53 cases (24.0%) whereas in the other cases no change of preparations was made though the signs of the therapy non-effectiveness were obvious.

T17439

301023-301208

Sentence

denotes

The change of antibiotics was made only in 53 cases (24.0%) whereas in the other cases no change of preparations was made though the signs of the therapy non-effectiveness were obvious.

TextSentencer_T2580

301209-301334

Sentence

denotes

Thus, the rational antibiotics therapy with the timely change of non-effective antibacterial drug is significantly important.

T41231

301209-301334

Sentence

denotes

Thus, the rational antibiotics therapy with the timely change of non-effective antibacterial drug is significantly important.

TextSentencer_T2581

301335-301532

Sentence

denotes

While choosing the antibiotics, the patient's age, the accompanying diseases, the volume of the lungs lesion and complications which define pneumonia seriousness are to be taken into consideration.

T29333

301335-301532

Sentence

denotes

While choosing the antibiotics, the patient's age, the accompanying diseases, the volume of the lungs lesion and complications which define pneumonia seriousness are to be taken into consideration.

TextSentencer_T2582

301533-301850

Sentence

denotes

Perronne C a , Rouveix B b , Guillemot D c , Zuck P d , Reitz C e , Tsatsaris A e . a Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Garches, France , b Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France , c Institut Pasteur, Paris, France , d Hôpital de Metz, Metz, France , e Laboratoires Abbott, Rungis, France Objectives:

T70388

301533-301850

Sentence

denotes

Perronne C a , Rouveix B b , Guillemot D c , Zuck P d , Reitz C e , Tsatsaris A e . a Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Garches, France , b Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France , c Institut Pasteur, Paris, France , d Hôpital de Metz, Metz, France , e Laboratoires Abbott, Rungis, France Objectives:

TextSentencer_T2583

301851-301972

Sentence

denotes

To describe the management of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in healthy adults, by general practitioners (GP).

T27674

301851-301972

Sentence

denotes

To describe the management of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in healthy adults, by general practitioners (GP).

TextSentencer_T2584

301973-301981

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T40841

301973-301981

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T2585

301982-302055

Sentence

denotes

A questionnaire was sent to a representative national sample of 4092 GPs.

T11524

301982-302055

Sentence

denotes

A questionnaire was sent to a representative national sample of 4092 GPs.

TextSentencer_T2586

302056-302405

Sentence

denotes

This questionnaire assessed their perception and management of LRTI, the indication for antibiotics (AB) in a case of LRTI in a healthy adult with no focal signs and no signs of severity, knowledge of the micro-organisms responsible for acute bronchitis and knowledge of the AFSSAPS (French Agency for the Safety of Health Products) recommendations.

T51061

302056-302405

Sentence

denotes

This questionnaire assessed their perception and management of LRTI, the indication for antibiotics (AB) in a case of LRTI in a healthy adult with no focal signs and no signs of severity, knowledge of the micro-organisms responsible for acute bronchitis and knowledge of the AFSSAPS (French Agency for the Safety of Health Products) recommendations.

TextSentencer_T2587

302406-302414

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T75570

302406-302414

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2588

302415-302591

Sentence

denotes

Three thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight GPs, who reported seeing an average of 131 patients per week, including 10.39/ 9.6 patients with LRTI, returned the questionnaire.

T23408

302415-302591

Sentence

denotes

Three thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight GPs, who reported seeing an average of 131 patients per week, including 10.39/ 9.6 patients with LRTI, returned the questionnaire.

TextSentencer_T2589

302592-302744

Sentence

denotes

The main results are presented in the following For the majority of GPs, the main objective of the visit is to determine the indication for antibiotics.

T95578

302592-302744

Sentence

denotes

The main results are presented in the following For the majority of GPs, the main objective of the visit is to determine the indication for antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T2590

302745-302833

Sentence

denotes

According to GPs, ALP and whooping cough are rare, while atypical pneumonia is frequent.

T40222

302745-302833

Sentence

denotes

According to GPs, ALP and whooping cough are rare, while atypical pneumonia is frequent.

TextSentencer_T2591

302834-302963

Sentence

denotes

GPs also declare that the diagnosis of ALP is often easy right from the first visit, in contrast with that of atypical pneumonia.

T94367

302834-302963

Sentence

denotes

GPs also declare that the diagnosis of ALP is often easy right from the first visit, in contrast with that of atypical pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2592

302964-303017

Sentence

denotes

Complementary investigations are not often requested.

T92519

302964-303017

Sentence

denotes

Complementary investigations are not often requested.

TextSentencer_T2593

303018-303163

Sentence

denotes

GPs consider that they often delay prescription of antibiotics (41%) and declare that they tend to prescribe a macrolide as first-line treatment.

T42886

303018-303163

Sentence

denotes

GPs consider that they often delay prescription of antibiotics (41%) and declare that they tend to prescribe a macrolide as first-line treatment.

TextSentencer_T2594

303164-303339

Sentence

denotes

Finally, GPs have a poor knowledge concerning the micro-organisms responsible for acute bronchitis and the majority of GPs declare to be familiar with AFSSAPS recommendations.

T25169

303164-303339

Sentence

denotes

Finally, GPs have a poor knowledge concerning the micro-organisms responsible for acute bronchitis and the majority of GPs declare to be familiar with AFSSAPS recommendations.

TextSentencer_T2595

303340-303657

Sentence

denotes

Perronne C a , Rouveix B b , Guillemot D c , Zuck P d , Reitz C e , Tsatsaris A e . a Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Garches, France , b Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France , c Institut Pasteur, Paris, France , d Hôpital de Metz, Metz, France , e Laboratoires Abbott, Rungis, France Objectives:

T31090

303340-303657

Sentence

denotes

Perronne C a , Rouveix B b , Guillemot D c , Zuck P d , Reitz C e , Tsatsaris A e . a Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Garches, France , b Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France , c Institut Pasteur, Paris, France , d Hôpital de Metz, Metz, France , e Laboratoires Abbott, Rungis, France Objectives:

TextSentencer_T2596

303658-303779

Sentence

denotes

To study the management of one case of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in adults by general practitioners (GPs).

T61430

303658-303779

Sentence

denotes

To study the management of one case of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in adults by general practitioners (GPs).

TextSentencer_T2597

303780-303788

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T97090

303780-303788

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T2598

303789-303865

Sentence

denotes

Prospective study conducted on a representative national sample of 4092 GPs.

T87029

303789-303865

Sentence

denotes

Prospective study conducted on a representative national sample of 4092 GPs.

TextSentencer_T2599

303866-304051

Sentence

denotes

Each GP had to include the first healthy adult patient seen during the 3-week data collection period, either on a home visit or in the office for recent cough and acute fever !/37.8 8C.

T33480

303866-304051

Sentence

denotes

Each GP had to include the first healthy adult patient seen during the 3-week data collection period, either on a home visit or in the office for recent cough and acute fever !/37.8 8C.

TextSentencer_T2600

304052-304229

Sentence

denotes

Clinical data, the diagnostic perception and the therapeutic approach to the patient were collected by means of a standardised questionnaire, distributed by Abbott laboratories.

T32701

304052-304229

Sentence

denotes

Clinical data, the diagnostic perception and the therapeutic approach to the patient were collected by means of a standardised questionnaire, distributed by Abbott laboratories.

TextSentencer_T2601

304230-304238

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T64816

304230-304238

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2602

304239-304330

Sentence

denotes

Three thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight general practitioners included 3738 patients.

T80228

304239-304330

Sentence

denotes

Three thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight general practitioners included 3738 patients.

TextSentencer_T2603

304331-304343

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T75698

304331-304343

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2604

304344-304467

Sentence

denotes

During LRTI in adults, GPs observe few focal signs, confirming the marked predominance of bronchitis compared to pneumonia.

T99104

304344-304467

Sentence

denotes

During LRTI in adults, GPs observe few focal signs, confirming the marked predominance of bronchitis compared to pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T2605

304468-304562

Sentence

denotes

In view of the frequency of the signs, the diagnosis of pneumonia appears to be overestimated.

T97305

304468-304562

Sentence

denotes

In view of the frequency of the signs, the diagnosis of pneumonia appears to be overestimated.

TextSentencer_T2606

304563-304711

Sentence

denotes

One-third of clinical situations were diagnosed as 'bacterial superinfection of acute bronchitis', despite it is not a recognised diagnostic entity.

T49348

304563-304711

Sentence

denotes

One-third of clinical situations were diagnosed as 'bacterial superinfection of acute bronchitis', despite it is not a recognised diagnostic entity.

TextSentencer_T2607

304712-304794

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic prescription was immediate in 87% of cases and delayed in 10% of cases.

T20197

304712-304794

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic prescription was immediate in 87% of cases and delayed in 10% of cases.

TextSentencer_T2608

304795-305048

Sentence

denotes

This last point shows that clinical practice differs from the GP's perception of their described prescribing practice shown in a simultaneous survey (56% of GPs declared that they prescribed antibiotics immediately, while 41% delayed this prescription).

T36527

304795-305048

Sentence

denotes

This last point shows that clinical practice differs from the GP's perception of their described prescribing practice shown in a simultaneous survey (56% of GPs declared that they prescribed antibiotics immediately, while 41% delayed this prescription).

TextSentencer_T2609

305049-305057

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T6857

305049-305057

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2610

305058-305210

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-three patients (20 men, mean age 49 b 19 years, mean APACHE II score 15.3 &bdqup;b 7.3) during the years 1998 Á/ 2001 were prospectively studied.

T90531

305058-305210

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-three patients (20 men, mean age 49 b 19 years, mean APACHE II score 15.3 &bdqup;b 7.3) during the years 1998 Á/ 2001 were prospectively studied.

TextSentencer_T2611

305211-305282

Sentence

denotes

Thirteen patients (39%) had no identifiable risk factor for severe CAP.

T69429

305211-305282

Sentence

denotes

Thirteen patients (39%) had no identifiable risk factor for severe CAP.

TextSentencer_T2612

305283-305337

Sentence

denotes

An etiologic factor was revealed in 15 patients (45%).

T13527

305283-305337

Sentence

denotes

An etiologic factor was revealed in 15 patients (45%).

TextSentencer_T2613

305338-305395

Sentence

denotes

In 14 of them this was achieved with noninvasive methods.

T13555

305338-305395

Sentence

denotes

In 14 of them this was achieved with noninvasive methods.

TextSentencer_T2614

305396-305468

Sentence

denotes

PSB cultures were taken from eight patients and were positive in only 1.

T67599

305396-305468

Sentence

denotes

PSB cultures were taken from eight patients and were positive in only 1.

TextSentencer_T2615

305469-305502

Sentence

denotes

The offending organisms included:

T99065

305469-305502

Sentence

denotes

The offending organisms included:

TextSentencer_T2616

305503-305724

Sentence

denotes

Streptococcus pneumoniae in six cases, GNB as the sole pathogen in six cases, Haemophilus influenzae (with S. pneumoniae or Klebsialla pneumoniae ) in two cases, S. aureus in two and Legionella pneumophila in one patient.

T15531

305503-305724

Sentence

denotes

Streptococcus pneumoniae in six cases, GNB as the sole pathogen in six cases, Haemophilus influenzae (with S. pneumoniae or Klebsialla pneumoniae ) in two cases, S. aureus in two and Legionella pneumophila in one patient.

TextSentencer_T2617

305725-305974

Sentence

denotes

Initial antibiotic regimen a combination of marcodile '/3rd gen cephalosporin9/aminoglycoside was successful in 12 patients who all survived and had to be changed empirically or according to culture results in 17 patients who had a mortality of 65%.

T61664

305725-305974

Sentence

denotes

Initial antibiotic regimen a combination of marcodile '/3rd gen cephalosporin9/aminoglycoside was successful in 12 patients who all survived and had to be changed empirically or according to culture results in 17 patients who had a mortality of 65%.

TextSentencer_T2618

305975-306010

Sentence

denotes

The overall mortality rate was 42%.

T75447

305975-306010

Sentence

denotes

The overall mortality rate was 42%.

TextSentencer_T2619

306011-306098

Sentence

denotes

The identification of the causative factor did not seem to have any impact on survival.

T47501

306011-306098

Sentence

denotes

The identification of the causative factor did not seem to have any impact on survival.

TextSentencer_T2620

306099-306110

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T20624

306099-306110

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2621

306111-306180

Sentence

denotes

Severe CAP in our ICU was most often caused by S. pneumoniae and GBN.

T71419

306111-306180

Sentence

denotes

Severe CAP in our ICU was most often caused by S. pneumoniae and GBN.

TextSentencer_T2622

306181-306357

Sentence

denotes

The high mortality of this entity seems to be influenced by the immediate use of the appropriate antibiotic combination and not by the identification of the causative organism.

T99208

306181-306357

Sentence

denotes

The high mortality of this entity seems to be influenced by the immediate use of the appropriate antibiotic combination and not by the identification of the causative organism.

TextSentencer_T2623

306358-306497

Sentence

denotes

This underscores the need for knowledge of topical microbiology which helps in designing an effective empirical initial antibiotic regimen.

T13938

306358-306497

Sentence

denotes

This underscores the need for knowledge of topical microbiology which helps in designing an effective empirical initial antibiotic regimen.

TextSentencer_T2624

306498-306731

Sentence

denotes

Mily MN a , Golubev SA b , Lugovoy VY a , Voronov GG b . a Vitebsk Emergency Hospital, Pharmacotherapy unit, Vitebsk, Belarus , b Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus Purpose:

T82203

306498-306731

Sentence

denotes

Mily MN a , Golubev SA b , Lugovoy VY a , Voronov GG b . a Vitebsk Emergency Hospital, Pharmacotherapy unit, Vitebsk, Belarus , b Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus Purpose:

TextSentencer_T2625

306732-306884

Sentence

denotes

The study aims were to assess the spectrum and predictors of the antibiotic use during pneumonia management in a regional emergency hospital in Belarus.

T97005

306732-306884

Sentence

denotes

The study aims were to assess the spectrum and predictors of the antibiotic use during pneumonia management in a regional emergency hospital in Belarus.

TextSentencer_T2626

306885-307114

Sentence

denotes

Patients, treatment and physicians characteristics of 195 cases (2000 Á/2001) were collected and possible associations were examined with using defined daily doses methodology (DDD) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines.

T13553

306885-307114

Sentence

denotes

Patients, treatment and physicians characteristics of 195 cases (2000 Á/2001) were collected and possible associations were examined with using defined daily doses methodology (DDD) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines.

TextSentencer_T2627

307115-307123

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T49371

307115-307123

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2628

307124-307220

Sentence

denotes

The mean treatment duration was 13.99/7.4 days, the total antibiotic DDD/100 bed-days was 130.4.

T94985

307124-307220

Sentence

denotes

The mean treatment duration was 13.99/7.4 days, the total antibiotic DDD/100 bed-days was 130.4.

TextSentencer_T2629

307221-307372

Sentence

denotes

The DDD/100 bed-days of the most used antibiotics were: penicillins 54.0; aminoglycosides 29.5; macrolides 21.9; cephalosporins 9.8; tetracyclines 8.2.

T85900

307221-307372

Sentence

denotes

The DDD/100 bed-days of the most used antibiotics were: penicillins 54.0; aminoglycosides 29.5; macrolides 21.9; cephalosporins 9.8; tetracyclines 8.2.

TextSentencer_T2630

307373-307486

Sentence

denotes

In MANOVA certain ATS categories were associated with DDD/day, but not with frequency of definite antibiotic use.

T51115

307373-307486

Sentence

denotes

In MANOVA certain ATS categories were associated with DDD/day, but not with frequency of definite antibiotic use.

TextSentencer_T2631

307487-307553

Sentence

denotes

DDD/day was higher in case of multilobar infiltrates ( Conclusion:

T6573

307487-307553

Sentence

denotes

DDD/day was higher in case of multilobar infiltrates ( Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2632

307554-307663

Sentence

denotes

Our study indicated the low rate of macrolides and cephalosporins using, and the high one of aminoglycosides.

T50114

307554-307663

Sentence

denotes

Our study indicated the low rate of macrolides and cephalosporins using, and the high one of aminoglycosides.

TextSentencer_T2633

307664-307805

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic prescriptions were associated with disease severity and physician personality rather then with empirical choice rules recommended.

T79620

307664-307805

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic prescriptions were associated with disease severity and physician personality rather then with empirical choice rules recommended.

TextSentencer_T2634

307806-307928

Sentence

denotes

Acute exacerbation of COPD: most frequent infecting agents and their suspectability to the different types of penicillins.

T76024

307806-307928

Sentence

denotes

Acute exacerbation of COPD: most frequent infecting agents and their suspectability to the different types of penicillins.

TextSentencer_T2635

307929-307968

Sentence

denotes

Analysis of medical documentation PS243

T69886

307929-307968

Sentence

denotes

Analysis of medical documentation PS243

TextSentencer_T2636

307969-308008

Sentence

denotes

Pertseva TO, Bogatska KE, Gashynova KY.

T33371

307969-308008

Sentence

denotes

Pertseva TO, Bogatska KE, Gashynova KY.

TextSentencer_T2637

308009-308059

Sentence

denotes

DSMA, Internal Medicine , Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine

T32888

308009-308059

Sentence

denotes

DSMA, Internal Medicine , Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine

TextSentencer_T2638

308060-308111

Sentence

denotes

Number of COPD cases has been increased in Ukraine.

T52494

308060-308111

Sentence

denotes

Number of COPD cases has been increased in Ukraine.

TextSentencer_T2639

308112-308223

Sentence

denotes

Treatment of acute exacerbation (AE) of COPD is not always successful because of inadequate antibiotic therapy.

T76652

308112-308223

Sentence

denotes

Treatment of acute exacerbation (AE) of COPD is not always successful because of inadequate antibiotic therapy.

TextSentencer_T2640

308224-308377

Sentence

denotes

The aim of study was to reveal most frequent infecting agents and their susceptibility to the different types of penicillins in patients with AE of COPD.

T33243

308224-308377

Sentence

denotes

The aim of study was to reveal most frequent infecting agents and their susceptibility to the different types of penicillins in patients with AE of COPD.

TextSentencer_T2641

308378-308452

Sentence

denotes

Medical documentation of 48 patients with AE of COPD (type I) was studied.

T21880

308378-308452

Sentence

denotes

Medical documentation of 48 patients with AE of COPD (type I) was studied.

TextSentencer_T2642

308453-308598

Sentence

denotes

Data of sputum analysis and susceptibility of isolated agents to penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin and amoxicillin/clavulone acid were evaluated.

T82808

308453-308598

Sentence

denotes

Data of sputum analysis and susceptibility of isolated agents to penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin and amoxicillin/clavulone acid were evaluated.

TextSentencer_T2643

308599-308918

Sentence

denotes

There were patients with Haemophilus influencae/parainfluencae (43.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%), Pseudomonas fluorescens , Pseudomonas putida , Serratia marcescens , Serratia liquefaciens (6.8% each), Streptococcus agalactiae , Acinetobacter baumanii (4.1% each) in samples of sputum.

T79109

308599-308918

Sentence

denotes

There were patients with Haemophilus influencae/parainfluencae (43.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%), Pseudomonas fluorescens , Pseudomonas putida , Serratia marcescens , Serratia liquefaciens (6.8% each), Streptococcus agalactiae , Acinetobacter baumanii (4.1% each) in samples of sputum.

TextSentencer_T2644

308919-308959

Sentence

denotes

In 31.3% cases there was mixt infection.

T26222

308919-308959

Sentence

denotes

In 31.3% cases there was mixt infection.

TextSentencer_T2645

308960-308993

Sentence

denotes

6.8% had no any bacterial agents.

T23363

308960-308993

Sentence

denotes

6.8% had no any bacterial agents.

TextSentencer_T2646

308994-309085

Sentence

denotes

Only 10% of agents were susceptible to penicillin, 35% */to ampicillin, 15% */to oxacillin.

T55809

308994-309085

Sentence

denotes

Only 10% of agents were susceptible to penicillin, 35% */to ampicillin, 15% */to oxacillin.

TextSentencer_T2647

309086-309178

Sentence

denotes

However, 70% of microorganisms were susceptible to amoxicillin combined with clavulone acid.

T11358

309086-309178

Sentence

denotes

However, 70% of microorganisms were susceptible to amoxicillin combined with clavulone acid.

TextSentencer_T2648

309179-309303

Sentence

denotes

This study has shown that most frequent infecting agents caused AE of COPD were Gram-negative microorganisms and S. aureus .

T3433

309179-309303

Sentence

denotes

This study has shown that most frequent infecting agents caused AE of COPD were Gram-negative microorganisms and S. aureus .

TextSentencer_T2649

309304-309407

Sentence

denotes

According to antibiogram the prescription of amoxicillin/clavulone acid is most expedient in this case.

T14265

309304-309407

Sentence

denotes

According to antibiogram the prescription of amoxicillin/clavulone acid is most expedient in this case.

TextSentencer_T2650

309408-309473

Sentence

denotes

Pertseva TO, Bogatska KE, Konopkina LI, Kireeva TV, Gashynova KY.

T70211

309408-309473

Sentence

denotes

Pertseva TO, Bogatska KE, Konopkina LI, Kireeva TV, Gashynova KY.

TextSentencer_T2651

309474-309534

Sentence

denotes

DSMA, Internal Medicine Department, Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine

T30868

309474-309534

Sentence

denotes

DSMA, Internal Medicine Department, Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine

TextSentencer_T2652

309535-309634

Sentence

denotes

We examined 32 patients (22 men, mean age 52.39/4.7 years) with acute exacerbation of COB (type I).

T39890

309535-309634

Sentence

denotes

We examined 32 patients (22 men, mean age 52.39/4.7 years) with acute exacerbation of COB (type I).

TextSentencer_T2653

309635-309872

Sentence

denotes

The most frequently isolated agents were Haemophilus influenzae and parainfluenzae */eight patients, Gram-negative rods in 8, Staphylococcus aureus in two and mixed in six and one patient had no bacterial agents isolated in their sputum.

T70696

309635-309872

Sentence

denotes

The most frequently isolated agents were Haemophilus influenzae and parainfluenzae */eight patients, Gram-negative rods in 8, Staphylococcus aureus in two and mixed in six and one patient had no bacterial agents isolated in their sputum.

TextSentencer_T2654

309873-309997

Sentence

denotes

High susceptibility to azithromycin was found in all cases of Gram-positive agents and in H. influenzae and parainfluenzae .

T19299

309873-309997

Sentence

denotes

High susceptibility to azithromycin was found in all cases of Gram-positive agents and in H. influenzae and parainfluenzae .

TextSentencer_T2655

309998-310062

Sentence

denotes

Other Gram-negative agents were resistant to this drug in vitro.

T7356

309998-310062

Sentence

denotes

Other Gram-negative agents were resistant to this drug in vitro.

TextSentencer_T2656

310063-310155

Sentence

denotes

However, treatment with 500 mg/day during 3 days was clinically effective in 93.7% of cases.

T18591

310063-310155

Sentence

denotes

However, treatment with 500 mg/day during 3 days was clinically effective in 93.7% of cases.

TextSentencer_T2657

310156-310219

Sentence

denotes

Only 25.0% of patients had a further acute exacerbation of COB.

T44033

310156-310219

Sentence

denotes

Only 25.0% of patients had a further acute exacerbation of COB.

TextSentencer_T2658

310220-310317

Sentence

denotes

There were peculiarities of the infecting agents causing acute exacerbation of COB in this study:

T85801

310220-310317

Sentence

denotes

There were peculiarities of the infecting agents causing acute exacerbation of COB in this study:

TextSentencer_T2659

310318-310403

Sentence

denotes

Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus were found more frequently than in other studies.

T27938

310318-310403

Sentence

denotes

Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus were found more frequently than in other studies.

TextSentencer_T2660

310404-310501

Sentence

denotes

High efficacy of surnamed in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COB was established in 68.7%.

T5093

310404-310501

Sentence

denotes

High efficacy of surnamed in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COB was established in 68.7%.

TextSentencer_T2661

310502-310564

Sentence

denotes

25.0% had partial positive clinical effect after this therapy.

T63425

310502-310564

Sentence

denotes

25.0% had partial positive clinical effect after this therapy.

TextSentencer_T2662

310565-310608

Sentence

denotes

There were no patients with adverse events.

T96640

310565-310608

Sentence

denotes

There were no patients with adverse events.

TextSentencer_T2663

310609-310764

Sentence

denotes

Efficacy and tolerance of amoxicillin 30 mg/kg bid versus amoxicillin 15 mg/kg tid in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) in children 5/2 years PS245

T15189

310609-310764

Sentence

denotes

Efficacy and tolerance of amoxicillin 30 mg/kg bid versus amoxicillin 15 mg/kg tid in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) in children 5/2 years PS245

TextSentencer_T2664

310765-311180

Sentence

denotes

Borek M a , Guggenbichler JP b . a Biochemie GmbH, International Medical Department, Kundl, Austria , b Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Five hundred and sixteen patients (mean age 49/2.6 years) with clinical and otoscopic diagnosis of AOM were included in a randomized, double blind, multicentre study, and were treated 10 days either with AMOX 30 mg/kg bid or AMOX 15 mg/kg tid.

T68205

310765-311180

Sentence

denotes

Borek M a , Guggenbichler JP b . a Biochemie GmbH, International Medical Department, Kundl, Austria , b Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Five hundred and sixteen patients (mean age 49/2.6 years) with clinical and otoscopic diagnosis of AOM were included in a randomized, double blind, multicentre study, and were treated 10 days either with AMOX 30 mg/kg bid or AMOX 15 mg/kg tid.

TextSentencer_T2665

311181-311303

Sentence

denotes

Assessments were made during therapy (day 3 Á/5), after End of Therapy (EOT, day 12 Á/14) and Follow Up (FU, day 38 Á/46).

T46775

311181-311303

Sentence

denotes

Assessments were made during therapy (day 3 Á/5), after End of Therapy (EOT, day 12 Á/14) and Follow Up (FU, day 38 Á/46).

TextSentencer_T2666

311304-311416

Sentence

denotes

The primary efficacy endpoint was the clinical response at EOT defined as success (cure/improvement) or failure.

T9670

311304-311416

Sentence

denotes

The primary efficacy endpoint was the clinical response at EOT defined as success (cure/improvement) or failure.

TextSentencer_T2667

311417-311582

Sentence

denotes

Both regimens were well tolerated; one or more drug-related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 17.2% (11/64) of bid patients and in 21.7% (13/60) of tid patients.

T57467

311417-311582

Sentence

denotes

Both regimens were well tolerated; one or more drug-related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 17.2% (11/64) of bid patients and in 21.7% (13/60) of tid patients.

TextSentencer_T2668

311583-311747

Sentence

denotes

The most frequently reported drugrelated AEs in each group were gastrointestinal symptoms (bid 11.5% vs. tid 13.5%), which were mainly of mild or moderate severity.

T4047

311583-311747

Sentence

denotes

The most frequently reported drugrelated AEs in each group were gastrointestinal symptoms (bid 11.5% vs. tid 13.5%), which were mainly of mild or moderate severity.

TextSentencer_T2669

311748-311789

Sentence

denotes

Both regimens were clinically equivalent.

T20396

311748-311789

Sentence

denotes

Both regimens were clinically equivalent.

TextSentencer_T2670

311790-311903

Sentence

denotes

The higher cure rates in the bid group suggest a possible higher benefit from bid therapy in children 5/ 2 years.

T8203

311790-311903

Sentence

denotes

The higher cure rates in the bid group suggest a possible higher benefit from bid therapy in children 5/ 2 years.

TextSentencer_T2671

311904-312123

Sentence

denotes

Children attending family day-care (FDC) should be less exposed to upper respiratory tract infections than those in group day-care (GDC) and therefore to antibiotic treatment; fewer should thus carry resistant bacteria.

T43163

311904-312123

Sentence

denotes

Children attending family day-care (FDC) should be less exposed to upper respiratory tract infections than those in group day-care (GDC) and therefore to antibiotic treatment; fewer should thus carry resistant bacteria.

TextSentencer_T2672

312124-312413

Sentence

denotes

To test this hypothesis, NP carriage of SP and HI with reduced susceptibility to penicillin (PDSP and HI BL'/, respectively) was investigated among children in FDC (maximum three children) and in GDC (25 Á/100 children) in the Alpes Maritimes (France) between November 1999 and March 2000.

T33695

312124-312413

Sentence

denotes

To test this hypothesis, NP carriage of SP and HI with reduced susceptibility to penicillin (PDSP and HI BL'/, respectively) was investigated among children in FDC (maximum three children) and in GDC (25 Á/100 children) in the Alpes Maritimes (France) between November 1999 and March 2000.

TextSentencer_T2673

312414-312487

Sentence

denotes

A two stage cluster sample of children attending GDC or FDC was selected.

T55826

312414-312487

Sentence

denotes

A two stage cluster sample of children attending GDC or FDC was selected.

TextSentencer_T2674

312488-312527

Sentence

denotes

NP samples were cultured for SP and HI.

T80854

312488-312527

Sentence

denotes

NP samples were cultured for SP and HI.

TextSentencer_T2675

312528-312660

Sentence

denotes

Penicillin susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion and E -test, and b-lactamase production by API-NH † tests (BioMerieux, Lyon).

T10160

312528-312660

Sentence

denotes

Penicillin susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion and E -test, and b-lactamase production by API-NH † tests (BioMerieux, Lyon).

TextSentencer_T2676

312661-312752

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and thirty-five children in FDC and 298 in GDC aged 6 Á/36 months were sampled.

T46729

312661-312752

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and thirty-five children in FDC and 298 in GDC aged 6 Á/36 months were sampled.

TextSentencer_T2677

312753-312806

Sentence

denotes

Age and sex distribution were similar in both groups.

T43530

312753-312806

Sentence

denotes

Age and sex distribution were similar in both groups.

TextSentencer_T2678

312807-312901

Sentence

denotes

SP was isolated in 80 children in FDC (34%), and in 163 (54.7%) children in GDC (P B/10 Á/6 ).

T80229

312807-312901

Sentence

denotes

SP was isolated in 80 children in FDC (34%), and in 163 (54.7%) children in GDC (P B/10 Á/6 ).

TextSentencer_T2679

312902-312965

Sentence

denotes

Proportions of PDSP were 52.5 and 55.8%, respectively (P0/0.6).

T85470

312902-312965

Sentence

denotes

Proportions of PDSP were 52.5 and 55.8%, respectively (P0/0.6).

TextSentencer_T2680

312966-313039

Sentence

denotes

HI was present in 37.6% of children in GDC vs. 23.8% in FDC (P B/ 0.001).

T39911

312966-313039

Sentence

denotes

HI was present in 37.6% of children in GDC vs. 23.8% in FDC (P B/ 0.001).

TextSentencer_T2681

313040-313107

Sentence

denotes

Proportions of HI BL'/ were 40.2% vs. 46.4%, respectively (P0/0.4).

T3126

313040-313107

Sentence

denotes

Proportions of HI BL'/ were 40.2% vs. 46.4%, respectively (P0/0.4).

TextSentencer_T2682

313108-313219

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic exposure during the previous 3 months concerned 46.2% of children in GDC vs. 48.7% in FDC (P 0/0.6).

T7937

313108-313219

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic exposure during the previous 3 months concerned 46.2% of children in GDC vs. 48.7% in FDC (P 0/0.6).

TextSentencer_T2683

313220-313307

Sentence

denotes

There was no correlation between antibiotic use and carriage of PDSP or HI B'/ strains.

T6618

313220-313307

Sentence

denotes

There was no correlation between antibiotic use and carriage of PDSP or HI B'/ strains.

TextSentencer_T2684

313308-313391

Sentence

denotes

SP and HI carriage rates are significantly lower among children in FDC than in GDC.

T64035

313308-313391

Sentence

denotes

SP and HI carriage rates are significantly lower among children in FDC than in GDC.

TextSentencer_T2685

313392-313528

Sentence

denotes

Advising alternative types of daycare for children attending GDC should reduce exposure and thus limit the spread of resistant bacteria.

T2637

313392-313528

Sentence

denotes

Advising alternative types of daycare for children attending GDC should reduce exposure and thus limit the spread of resistant bacteria.

TextSentencer_T2686

313529-313654

Sentence

denotes

However, the proportion of PDSP and HI BL'/ is similar in both groups and comparable patterns of antibiotic use are observed.

T25129

313529-313654

Sentence

denotes

However, the proportion of PDSP and HI BL'/ is similar in both groups and comparable patterns of antibiotic use are observed.

TextSentencer_T2687

313655-313810

Sentence

denotes

Continued efforts must concentrate on parental education and enforcement of recommendations for management of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections.

T93045

313655-313810

Sentence

denotes

Continued efforts must concentrate on parental education and enforcement of recommendations for management of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections.

TextSentencer_T2688

313811-313969

Sentence

denotes

During a period between January 1999 and August 2001, 43 invasive Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) isolates had been collected at the Children's Hospital of Tunis.

T45156

313811-313969

Sentence

denotes

During a period between January 1999 and August 2001, 43 invasive Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) isolates had been collected at the Children's Hospital of Tunis.

TextSentencer_T2689

313970-314036

Sentence

denotes

We used Haemophilus Test Medium to test antibiotic susceptibility.

T69140

313970-314036

Sentence

denotes

We used Haemophilus Test Medium to test antibiotic susceptibility.

TextSentencer_T2690

314037-314085

Sentence

denotes

The MIC of beta-lactams was measured by E -test.

T36586

314037-314085

Sentence

denotes

The MIC of beta-lactams was measured by E -test.

TextSentencer_T2691

314086-314177

Sentence

denotes

Beta-lactamase production was determined by using the cefinase test and biotyping by ApiNH.

T24812

314086-314177

Sentence

denotes

Beta-lactamase production was determined by using the cefinase test and biotyping by ApiNH.

TextSentencer_T2692

314178-314251

Sentence

denotes

Presence of capsular antigen was determined by using Hi typing anti sera.

T40485

314178-314251

Sentence

denotes

Presence of capsular antigen was determined by using Hi typing anti sera.

TextSentencer_T2693

314252-314334

Sentence

denotes

Hi strains were isolated from meningitidis (35), bacteremia (5) and arthritis (3).

T50853

314252-314334

Sentence

denotes

Hi strains were isolated from meningitidis (35), bacteremia (5) and arthritis (3).

TextSentencer_T2694

314335-314411

Sentence

denotes

All strains were serotype b and 62.2% of them belonged to biotypes I and II.

T37692

314335-314411

Sentence

denotes

All strains were serotype b and 62.2% of them belonged to biotypes I and II.

TextSentencer_T2695

314412-314492

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin resistance with beta-lactamase producing mechanism occured in 34.8%.

T58319

314412-314492

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin resistance with beta-lactamase producing mechanism occured in 34.8%.

TextSentencer_T2696

314493-314575

Sentence

denotes

MIC90 of beta-lactamase producing strains was 32 vs 0.5 mg/l in non-producing one.

T67653

314493-314575

Sentence

denotes

MIC90 of beta-lactamase producing strains was 32 vs 0.5 mg/l in non-producing one.

TextSentencer_T2697

314576-314662

Sentence

denotes

There is no betalactamasenegative amoxicillin resistant among these invasive isolates.

T22123

314576-314662

Sentence

denotes

There is no betalactamasenegative amoxicillin resistant among these invasive isolates.

TextSentencer_T2698

314663-314711

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic resistance concerned chloramphenicol:

T74574

314663-314711

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic resistance concerned chloramphenicol:

TextSentencer_T2699

314712-314748

Sentence

denotes

9.3%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole:

T25845

314712-314748

Sentence

denotes

9.3%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole:

TextSentencer_T2700

314749-314769

Sentence

denotes

11.6%, tetracycline:

T15025

314749-314769

Sentence

denotes

11.6%, tetracycline:

TextSentencer_T2701

314770-314789

Sentence

denotes

4.6% and kanamycin:

T28994

314770-314789

Sentence

denotes

4.6% and kanamycin:

TextSentencer_T2702

314790-314796

Sentence

denotes

11.6%.

T35279

314790-314796

Sentence

denotes

11.6%.

TextSentencer_T2703

314797-314886

Sentence

denotes

Invasive Hi infections in tunisian children's were always associated with type b strains.

T67606

314797-314886

Sentence

denotes

Invasive Hi infections in tunisian children's were always associated with type b strains.

TextSentencer_T2704

314887-314953

Sentence

denotes

Introduction of a Hib vaccine programme in Tunisia is recommended.

T7318

314887-314953

Sentence

denotes

Introduction of a Hib vaccine programme in Tunisia is recommended.

TextSentencer_T2705

314954-315089

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical picture and treatment of neurological manifestations of neuroborreliosis in children.

T47505

314954-315089

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical picture and treatment of neurological manifestations of neuroborreliosis in children.

TextSentencer_T2706

315090-315220

Sentence

denotes

The study included 22 children (2 Á/16 years) with neuroborreliosis diagnosed on the basis of the clinical and serologic criteria.

T10681

315090-315220

Sentence

denotes

The study included 22 children (2 Á/16 years) with neuroborreliosis diagnosed on the basis of the clinical and serologic criteria.

TextSentencer_T2707

315221-315377

Sentence

denotes

Symptoms of facial palsy occurred in six children symptoms of III Á/VI cranial nerves palsy in three children, meningitis in four and paresthesias in three.

T17182

315221-315377

Sentence

denotes

Symptoms of facial palsy occurred in six children symptoms of III Á/VI cranial nerves palsy in three children, meningitis in four and paresthesias in three.

TextSentencer_T2708

315378-315496

Sentence

denotes

Symptoms of V or VIII nerve palsy, mental disturbances, radiculoneuritis or cerebellitis were found in singular cases.

T44875

315378-315496

Sentence

denotes

Symptoms of V or VIII nerve palsy, mental disturbances, radiculoneuritis or cerebellitis were found in singular cases.

TextSentencer_T2709

315497-315557

Sentence

denotes

All children received ceftriaxone intravenously 3 Á/4 weeks.

T65506

315497-315557

Sentence

denotes

All children received ceftriaxone intravenously 3 Á/4 weeks.

TextSentencer_T2710

315558-315639

Sentence

denotes

Total recovery was obtained in 18 children following the first course of therapy.

T59398

315558-315639

Sentence

denotes

Total recovery was obtained in 18 children following the first course of therapy.

TextSentencer_T2711

315640-315774

Sentence

denotes

Recovery following the second course of therapy (amoxicillin) occurred in one child with mental disorders and one with VI nerve palsy.

T22569

315640-315774

Sentence

denotes

Recovery following the second course of therapy (amoxicillin) occurred in one child with mental disorders and one with VI nerve palsy.

TextSentencer_T2712

315775-315893

Sentence

denotes

Improvement was achieved after the second course in the patient with radiculitis, however, muscular atrophy persisted.

T36174

315775-315893

Sentence

denotes

Improvement was achieved after the second course in the patient with radiculitis, however, muscular atrophy persisted.

TextSentencer_T2713

315894-316016

Sentence

denotes

Irreversible, unilateral deafness was found in a child with VIII nerve palsy in spite of three courses of therapy applied.

T37220

315894-316016

Sentence

denotes

Irreversible, unilateral deafness was found in a child with VIII nerve palsy in spite of three courses of therapy applied.

TextSentencer_T2714

316017-316119

Sentence

denotes

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in children causes a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations.

T14465

316017-316119

Sentence

denotes

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in children causes a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations.

TextSentencer_T2715

316120-316171

Sentence

denotes

Facial palsy was the most common sign in our study.

T57635

316120-316171

Sentence

denotes

Facial palsy was the most common sign in our study.

TextSentencer_T2716

316172-316271

Sentence

denotes

Applying ceftriaxone in the treatment of neuroborreliosis is characterised by a good effectiveness.

T75342

316172-316271

Sentence

denotes

Applying ceftriaxone in the treatment of neuroborreliosis is characterised by a good effectiveness.

TextSentencer_T2717

316272-316371

Sentence

denotes

Double infection by C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae as a cause of cystic changes in the lungs PS249

T90240

316272-316371

Sentence

denotes

Double infection by C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae as a cause of cystic changes in the lungs PS249

TextSentencer_T2718

316372-316400

Sentence

denotes

Streharova A, Moravcikova D.

T68381

316372-316400

Sentence

denotes

Streharova A, Moravcikova D.

TextSentencer_T2719

316401-316474

Sentence

denotes

Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Trnava, TRNAVA, Slovakia

T72175

316401-316474

Sentence

denotes

Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Trnava, TRNAVA, Slovakia

TextSentencer_T2720

316475-316584

Sentence

denotes

Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are human respiratory pathogens manifested in early childhood.

T99688

316475-316584

Sentence

denotes

Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are human respiratory pathogens manifested in early childhood.

TextSentencer_T2721

316585-316648

Sentence

denotes

Immunological disbalance could trigger autoaggressive diseases.

T96075

316585-316648

Sentence

denotes

Immunological disbalance could trigger autoaggressive diseases.

TextSentencer_T2722

316649-316809

Sentence

denotes

The authors describe the case of a15-year-old girl with development of multiorgan failure and septic state, which followed multiple cystic changes in the lungs.

T45324

316649-316809

Sentence

denotes

The authors describe the case of a15-year-old girl with development of multiorgan failure and septic state, which followed multiple cystic changes in the lungs.

TextSentencer_T2723

316810-316863

Sentence

denotes

The girl did not have a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

T6632

316810-316863

Sentence

denotes

The girl did not have a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

TextSentencer_T2724

316864-316967

Sentence

denotes

The authors consider that cystic changes are a consequence of double infection by C. and M. pneumoniae.

T43300

316864-316967

Sentence

denotes

The authors consider that cystic changes are a consequence of double infection by C. and M. pneumoniae.

TextSentencer_T2725

316968-317030

Sentence

denotes

Dzarlieva M, Momeva L, Temelkovska G, Balevska P, Pejkovska M.

T35763

316968-317030

Sentence

denotes

Dzarlieva M, Momeva L, Temelkovska G, Balevska P, Pejkovska M.

TextSentencer_T2726

317031-317221

Sentence

denotes

Medical centre, Neonatology, Bitola, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia UNICEF Skopje has supported a nationwide Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment in representative samples of hospitals.

T3644

317031-317221

Sentence

denotes

Medical centre, Neonatology, Bitola, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia UNICEF Skopje has supported a nationwide Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment in representative samples of hospitals.

TextSentencer_T2727

317222-317310

Sentence

denotes

Eighteen of 28 maternity wards and facilities renovated and certified as 'babyfriendly'.

T66253

317222-317310

Sentence

denotes

Eighteen of 28 maternity wards and facilities renovated and certified as 'babyfriendly'.

TextSentencer_T2728

317311-317478

Sentence

denotes

All mature newborns with successful adaptation to extra uterine life and satisfactory vital parameters are 24 h during the day with their mothers at rooming-in system.

T53689

317311-317478

Sentence

denotes

All mature newborns with successful adaptation to extra uterine life and satisfactory vital parameters are 24 h during the day with their mothers at rooming-in system.

TextSentencer_T2729

317479-317483

Sentence

denotes

Aim:

T46296

317479-317483

Sentence

denotes

Aim:

TextSentencer_T2730

317484-317565

Sentence

denotes

With rooming-in system we reached decreasing of incidence of neonatal infections.

T16812

317484-317565

Sentence

denotes

With rooming-in system we reached decreasing of incidence of neonatal infections.

TextSentencer_T2731

317566-317587

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T46764

317566-317587

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T2732

317588-317636

Sentence

denotes

History records of newborns from our department.

T10193

317588-317636

Sentence

denotes

History records of newborns from our department.

TextSentencer_T2733

317637-317694

Sentence

denotes

For the period of 9 months, 907 neonates have been borne.

T96077

317637-317694

Sentence

denotes

For the period of 9 months, 907 neonates have been borne.

TextSentencer_T2734

317695-317749

Sentence

denotes

With suspection of infection there */49 babies (5.4%).

T46913

317695-317749

Sentence

denotes

With suspection of infection there */49 babies (5.4%).

TextSentencer_T2735

317750-317809

Sentence

denotes

Newborns borne through meconium stained liquid */40 (4.4%).

T73547

317750-317809

Sentence

denotes

Newborns borne through meconium stained liquid */40 (4.4%).

TextSentencer_T2736

317810-317818

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T84070

317810-317818

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2737

317819-317983

Sentence

denotes

Microbiological findings: from blood culture */Staphylococcus coagulaza negative from swabs */Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus epidermidis.

T79993

317819-317983

Sentence

denotes

Microbiological findings: from blood culture */Staphylococcus coagulaza negative from swabs */Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus epidermidis.

TextSentencer_T2738

317984-317995

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T47813

317984-317995

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2739

317996-318159

Sentence

denotes

In 1999, from all babies who had risk factors for infection in 56 newborns (5%) we had positive findings and in year 2000 (before rooming-in sistem), in 44 (3.9%).

T62077

317996-318159

Sentence

denotes

In 1999, from all babies who had risk factors for infection in 56 newborns (5%) we had positive findings and in year 2000 (before rooming-in sistem), in 44 (3.9%).

TextSentencer_T2740

318160-318215

Sentence

denotes

After that period (with rooming-in) 15 newborns (1.5%).

T89665

318160-318215

Sentence

denotes

After that period (with rooming-in) 15 newborns (1.5%).

TextSentencer_T2741

318216-318396

Sentence

denotes

With rooming-in system we reached decreasing in incidence of neonatal infections by breaking the chain of infection */only mothers take care of their babies with help of the staff.

T49725

318216-318396

Sentence

denotes

With rooming-in system we reached decreasing in incidence of neonatal infections by breaking the chain of infection */only mothers take care of their babies with help of the staff.

TextSentencer_T2742

318397-318476

Sentence

denotes

Newborns are in their micro environment, the same they will have at their home.

T71762

318397-318476

Sentence

denotes

Newborns are in their micro environment, the same they will have at their home.

TextSentencer_T2743

318477-318544

Sentence

denotes

With this practice we have also reduction of nosocomial infections.

T32642

318477-318544

Sentence

denotes

With this practice we have also reduction of nosocomial infections.

TextSentencer_T2744

318545-318724

Sentence

denotes

A study on antibiotic susceptibility and resistance factor transmissibility among antibiotic resistant salmonellae isolated from children affected to diarrhea PS251 Sharifzadeh A.

T99370

318545-318724

Sentence

denotes

A study on antibiotic susceptibility and resistance factor transmissibility among antibiotic resistant salmonellae isolated from children affected to diarrhea PS251 Sharifzadeh A.

TextSentencer_T2745

318725-318806

Sentence

denotes

Azad University of Shahrekord, Microbiology, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran

T24572

318725-318806

Sentence

denotes

Azad University of Shahrekord, Microbiology, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran

TextSentencer_T2746

318807-318940

Sentence

denotes

In spite of happened drug resistance, antibacterial therapy still is the best route of treatment of Salmonellosis in man and animals.

T28945

318807-318940

Sentence

denotes

In spite of happened drug resistance, antibacterial therapy still is the best route of treatment of Salmonellosis in man and animals.

TextSentencer_T2747

318941-319119

Sentence

denotes

In order to detection of dominants serotypes of salmonellae in children and detection of antibiotic susceptibility and R-factor transmissibility among those isolated salmonellae.

T71290

318941-319119

Sentence

denotes

In order to detection of dominants serotypes of salmonellae in children and detection of antibiotic susceptibility and R-factor transmissibility among those isolated salmonellae.

TextSentencer_T2748

319120-319311

Sentence

denotes

This study was conducted on 400 diarrheic stool samples were collected from children affected by diarrhea in Ayatollah Kashany hospital of Shahrekord, during Spring of 1999 to Autumn of 2000.

T89536

319120-319311

Sentence

denotes

This study was conducted on 400 diarrheic stool samples were collected from children affected by diarrhea in Ayatollah Kashany hospital of Shahrekord, during Spring of 1999 to Autumn of 2000.

TextSentencer_T2749

319312-319393

Sentence

denotes

After isolation and identification of salmonellae, seven serotypes were detected.

T79011

319312-319393

Sentence

denotes

After isolation and identification of salmonellae, seven serotypes were detected.

TextSentencer_T2750

319394-319467

Sentence

denotes

One of those was S. typhi and another six serotypes were S. paratyphi B .

T10316

319394-319467

Sentence

denotes

One of those was S. typhi and another six serotypes were S. paratyphi B .

TextSentencer_T2751

319468-319566

Sentence

denotes

In order to detection of antibiotic different antibiotic disks were used in disk diffusion method.

T73113

319468-319566

Sentence

denotes

In order to detection of antibiotic different antibiotic disks were used in disk diffusion method.

TextSentencer_T2752

319567-319653

Sentence

denotes

Best results were taken from Ceftizoxim, Cephtriaxon, Cephazolin and Chloramphenichol.

T87925

319567-319653

Sentence

denotes

Best results were taken from Ceftizoxim, Cephtriaxon, Cephazolin and Chloramphenichol.

TextSentencer_T2753

319654-319793

Sentence

denotes

The R-factor were transferred from isolated salmonellae to Escherichia coli K12 in all of cases of resistance to Penicillin and Ampicillin.

T63284

319654-319793

Sentence

denotes

The R-factor were transferred from isolated salmonellae to Escherichia coli K12 in all of cases of resistance to Penicillin and Ampicillin.

TextSentencer_T2754

319794-319960

Sentence

denotes

Pharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A BHS were evaluated in 652 randomly selected school children aged 6 Á/ 8 years in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

T66435

319794-319960

Sentence

denotes

Pharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A BHS were evaluated in 652 randomly selected school children aged 6 Á/ 8 years in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

TextSentencer_T2755

319961-320236

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-six children (8.6%) had positive culture for either organisms of the 56 isolates from school children, 17 (30%) were S. pneumoniae , of them 14 (82%) were penicillin-sensitive, three (18%) were penicillin-resistant, and two (11.7%) were resistant to two antimicrobials.

T75898

319961-320236

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-six children (8.6%) had positive culture for either organisms of the 56 isolates from school children, 17 (30%) were S. pneumoniae , of them 14 (82%) were penicillin-sensitive, three (18%) were penicillin-resistant, and two (11.7%) were resistant to two antimicrobials.

TextSentencer_T2756

320237-320282

Sentence

denotes

Forty isolates of BHS (71%) were group A BHS.

T58515

320237-320282

Sentence

denotes

Forty isolates of BHS (71%) were group A BHS.

TextSentencer_T2757

320283-320339

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were penicillin and erythromycin sensitive.

T23781

320283-320339

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were penicillin and erythromycin sensitive.

TextSentencer_T2758

320340-320491

Sentence

denotes

The carrier rate among school children for penicillin-resistance S. pneumoniae and resistance to two antimicrobials were (4.6%) and (3%), respectively.

T93470

320340-320491

Sentence

denotes

The carrier rate among school children for penicillin-resistance S. pneumoniae and resistance to two antimicrobials were (4.6%) and (3%), respectively.

TextSentencer_T2759

320492-320535

Sentence

denotes

The carrier rate of group A BHS was (6.1%).

T59028

320492-320535

Sentence

denotes

The carrier rate of group A BHS was (6.1%).

TextSentencer_T2760

320536-320693

Sentence

denotes

Riyadh has a low rate of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae and a similar rate of group A BHS carriers among school children as that seen in temperate areas.

T97537

320536-320693

Sentence

denotes

Riyadh has a low rate of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae and a similar rate of group A BHS carriers among school children as that seen in temperate areas.

TextSentencer_T2761

320694-320790

Sentence

denotes

Boukadida J a , Boukadida N b , Hannechi N a , Said H b , Erraii S a , Elmhabrech H a . a CHU F.

T52796

320694-320790

Sentence

denotes

Boukadida J a , Boukadida N b , Hannechi N a , Said H b , Erraii S a , Elmhabrech H a . a CHU F.

TextSentencer_T2762

320791-320874

Sentence

denotes

HACHED, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Sousse, Tunisia , b C S Base, Sousse, Tunisia

T70193

320791-320874

Sentence

denotes

HACHED, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Sousse, Tunisia , b C S Base, Sousse, Tunisia

TextSentencer_T2763

320875-320991

Sentence

denotes

The acute pharyngitis is a very frequent pathology in which Group A Streptococcus is the most incriminated bacteria.

T446

320875-320991

Sentence

denotes

The acute pharyngitis is a very frequent pathology in which Group A Streptococcus is the most incriminated bacteria.

TextSentencer_T2764

320992-321068

Sentence

denotes

However, other non A b-haemolytic Streptococcus (SBNA) could be responsible.

T61314

320992-321068

Sentence

denotes

However, other non A b-haemolytic Streptococcus (SBNA) could be responsible.

TextSentencer_T2765

321069-321233

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this work is to determine the part of each non A b hemolytic streptococci (SBNA) in acute pharyngitis and the related antibiotics susceptibility pattern.

T15985

321069-321233

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this work is to determine the part of each non A b hemolytic streptococci (SBNA) in acute pharyngitis and the related antibiotics susceptibility pattern.

TextSentencer_T2766

321234-321320

Sentence

denotes

The study was realized in Sousse-Tunisia (north Africa) during 5 months from May 2001.

T28873

321234-321320

Sentence

denotes

The study was realized in Sousse-Tunisia (north Africa) during 5 months from May 2001.

TextSentencer_T2767

321321-321407

Sentence

denotes

The origin materials of isolates are throat swab (Transystem Venturi, Copan, Bovezzo).

T79560

321321-321407

Sentence

denotes

The origin materials of isolates are throat swab (Transystem Venturi, Copan, Bovezzo).

TextSentencer_T2768

321408-321472

Sentence

denotes

The mean age of patients is 23 years with extremes 3 Á/72 years.

T69491

321408-321472

Sentence

denotes

The mean age of patients is 23 years with extremes 3 Á/72 years.

TextSentencer_T2769

321473-321545

Sentence

denotes

The samples are cultured on blood agar plates in a delay of 3 h maximum.

T44582

321473-321545

Sentence

denotes

The samples are cultured on blood agar plates in a delay of 3 h maximum.

TextSentencer_T2770

321546-321655

Sentence

denotes

Identification was done to samples that have over than 20 b-hemolytic colonies, groupage with pastorex STREP.

T37605

321546-321655

Sentence

denotes

Identification was done to samples that have over than 20 b-hemolytic colonies, groupage with pastorex STREP.

TextSentencer_T2771

321656-321757

Sentence

denotes

Sanofi Pasteur France, Susceptibility pattern according to NCCLS norms, MIC is determined by E -test.

T95117

321656-321757

Sentence

denotes

Sanofi Pasteur France, Susceptibility pattern according to NCCLS norms, MIC is determined by E -test.

TextSentencer_T2772

321758-321805

Sentence

denotes

The control strain is S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619.

T78611

321758-321805

Sentence

denotes

The control strain is S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619.

TextSentencer_T2773

321806-322031

Sentence

denotes

Twentyone clinical isolates of SBNA are distinguished from 80 clinical isolates of b-hemolytic streptococci recovered from 143 patients with acute pharyngitis without symptoms of viruses' infections (tearing, corysa, sneeze).

T26443

321806-322031

Sentence

denotes

Twentyone clinical isolates of SBNA are distinguished from 80 clinical isolates of b-hemolytic streptococci recovered from 143 patients with acute pharyngitis without symptoms of viruses' infections (tearing, corysa, sneeze).

TextSentencer_T2774

322032-322105

Sentence

denotes

All b-hemolytic Streptococcus represents 55.94% of all collected samples.

T98373

322032-322105

Sentence

denotes

All b-hemolytic Streptococcus represents 55.94% of all collected samples.

TextSentencer_T2775

322106-322139

Sentence

denotes

SBNA were 26.25% of the isolates.

T21612

322106-322139

Sentence

denotes

SBNA were 26.25% of the isolates.

TextSentencer_T2776

322140-322257

Sentence

denotes

SBNA were 11 strains Group G streptococci, seven strains Group C streptococci and three strains Group F streptococci.

T64976

322140-322257

Sentence

denotes

SBNA were 11 strains Group G streptococci, seven strains Group C streptococci and three strains Group F streptococci.

TextSentencer_T2777

322258-322331

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility pattern of each SBNA to antimicrobial agents is as follow:

T14750

322258-322331

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility pattern of each SBNA to antimicrobial agents is as follow:

TextSentencer_T2778

322332-322353

Sentence

denotes

Group G streptococci:

T5594

322332-322353

Sentence

denotes

Group G streptococci:

TextSentencer_T2779

322354-322513

Sentence

denotes

Peni G 0/100%, Amoxicillin 0/100%, Pristinamycin 100%, Clindamycin and Erythromycin0/45.46%, Tetracyclin 0/9.1%, Telithromycin 63.63% and Levofloxacin0/45.45%.

T56614

322354-322513

Sentence

denotes

Peni G 0/100%, Amoxicillin 0/100%, Pristinamycin 100%, Clindamycin and Erythromycin0/45.46%, Tetracyclin 0/9.1%, Telithromycin 63.63% and Levofloxacin0/45.45%.

TextSentencer_T2780

322514-322535

Sentence

denotes

Group C streptococci:

T67964

322514-322535

Sentence

denotes

Group C streptococci:

TextSentencer_T2781

322536-322699

Sentence

denotes

Peni G0/ 100%, Amoxicillin 0/100%, Pristinamycin 100%, Clindamycin0/ 57.15%, Erythromycin0/42.86%, Tetracyclin0/71.42%, Tel-ithromycin0/85.72%, Levofloxacin0/100%.

T19354

322536-322699

Sentence

denotes

Peni G0/ 100%, Amoxicillin 0/100%, Pristinamycin 100%, Clindamycin0/ 57.15%, Erythromycin0/42.86%, Tetracyclin0/71.42%, Tel-ithromycin0/85.72%, Levofloxacin0/100%.

TextSentencer_T2782

322700-322857

Sentence

denotes

Group F streptococci-Peni G0/100%, Amoxicillin0/100%, Clindamycin0/66.66%, Erythro0/33.34%, Tetracyclin 0/66.66%, Telithromycin 0/100%, Levofloxacin0/66.66%.

T14333

322700-322857

Sentence

denotes

Group F streptococci-Peni G0/100%, Amoxicillin0/100%, Clindamycin0/66.66%, Erythro0/33.34%, Tetracyclin 0/66.66%, Telithromycin 0/100%, Levofloxacin0/66.66%.

TextSentencer_T2783

322858-322907

Sentence

denotes

All SBNA have MIC to Penicillin G under 0.1 mg/l.

T5481

322858-322907

Sentence

denotes

All SBNA have MIC to Penicillin G under 0.1 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T2784

322908-323072

Sentence

denotes

According to available data, Penicillin G and Amoxicillin still the reference treatment of acute bacterial pharyngitis in spite of the new antibiotics introduction.

T45263

322908-323072

Sentence

denotes

According to available data, Penicillin G and Amoxicillin still the reference treatment of acute bacterial pharyngitis in spite of the new antibiotics introduction.

TextSentencer_T2785

323073-323202

Sentence

denotes

Berezin EN a , Quevedo SG b , Nicolla L b , Viegas D c , Eizenberg B d , Pedrosa F b , Santos AG a . a Santa Casa, Pediatrics, S.

T31003

323073-323202

Sentence

denotes

Berezin EN a , Quevedo SG b , Nicolla L b , Viegas D c , Eizenberg B d , Pedrosa F b , Santos AG a . a Santa Casa, Pediatrics, S.

TextSentencer_T2786

323203-323247

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , b Elly Lilly, Scientific, S.

T32691

323203-323247

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , b Elly Lilly, Scientific, S.

TextSentencer_T2787

323248-323270

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , c FAC.

T90200

323248-323270

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil , c FAC.

TextSentencer_T2788

323271-323347

Sentence

denotes

ABC, Pediatrics, Santo Andre, Brazil , d University Hospital, Pediatrics, S.

T45913

323271-323347

Sentence

denotes

ABC, Pediatrics, Santo Andre, Brazil , d University Hospital, Pediatrics, S.

TextSentencer_T2789

323348-323361

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil

T90568

323348-323361

Sentence

denotes

Paulo, Brazil

TextSentencer_T2790

323362-323620

Sentence

denotes

A multicenter, open label, prospective, randomized trial in which patients 2 Á/16 years of age with proven GABHS pharyngitis were randomized to receive either 10-day course of the broad spectrum oral cephalosporin, cefaclor or a 10-day course of amoxicillin.

T94206

323362-323620

Sentence

denotes

A multicenter, open label, prospective, randomized trial in which patients 2 Á/16 years of age with proven GABHS pharyngitis were randomized to receive either 10-day course of the broad spectrum oral cephalosporin, cefaclor or a 10-day course of amoxicillin.

TextSentencer_T2791

323621-323760

Sentence

denotes

Patients were included if they have signs and symptoms of Streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis and a rapid streptococcal rapid test positive .

T20468

323621-323760

Sentence

denotes

Patients were included if they have signs and symptoms of Streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis and a rapid streptococcal rapid test positive .

TextSentencer_T2792

323761-323832

Sentence

denotes

Patients were evaluated at days 3 Á/5, 13 Á/16 and 24 Á/35 posttherapy.

T89946

323761-323832

Sentence

denotes

Patients were evaluated at days 3 Á/5, 13 Á/16 and 24 Á/35 posttherapy.

TextSentencer_T2793

323833-323918

Sentence

denotes

Pharyngeal cultures were conducted at baseline and at follow-up visit (13 Á/16 days).

T1110

323833-323918

Sentence

denotes

Pharyngeal cultures were conducted at baseline and at follow-up visit (13 Á/16 days).

TextSentencer_T2794

323919-324017

Sentence

denotes

We considered for bacteriologic eradication analysis only patients with positive culture to GABHS.

T72259

323919-324017

Sentence

denotes

We considered for bacteriologic eradication analysis only patients with positive culture to GABHS.

TextSentencer_T2795

324018-324080

Sentence

denotes

There were 148 patients with a rapid streptococcal rapid test.

T3121

324018-324080

Sentence

denotes

There were 148 patients with a rapid streptococcal rapid test.

TextSentencer_T2796

324081-324142

Sentence

denotes

Clinical success were achieved in around 95% of the patients.

T58299

324081-324142

Sentence

denotes

Clinical success were achieved in around 95% of the patients.

TextSentencer_T2797

324143-324272

Sentence

denotes

For evaluate eradication of the initial pathogen we considered 42 patients of the amoxil arm and 40 patients of the cefaclor arm.

T10163

324143-324272

Sentence

denotes

For evaluate eradication of the initial pathogen we considered 42 patients of the amoxil arm and 40 patients of the cefaclor arm.

TextSentencer_T2798

324273-324459

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-four of 42 patients of the amoxil arm (80.9%) and 36 of 40 (90%) patients of the cefaclor arm were considered bacteriological cured at the second culture performed at day 13 Á/16.

T17412

324273-324459

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-four of 42 patients of the amoxil arm (80.9%) and 36 of 40 (90%) patients of the cefaclor arm were considered bacteriological cured at the second culture performed at day 13 Á/16.

TextSentencer_T2799

324460-324574

Sentence

denotes

Ten days of a penicillin or amoxicillin therapy may not be the best therapeutic choice for all pediatric patients.

T36038

324460-324574

Sentence

denotes

Ten days of a penicillin or amoxicillin therapy may not be the best therapeutic choice for all pediatric patients.

TextSentencer_T2800

324575-324746

Sentence

denotes

In developing countries where rheumatic fever is still an important problem to evaluate the bacterial eradication achieved with the different antibiotics may be important.

T72202

324575-324746

Sentence

denotes

In developing countries where rheumatic fever is still an important problem to evaluate the bacterial eradication achieved with the different antibiotics may be important.

TextSentencer_T2801

324747-324860

Sentence

denotes

Prophylactic affect of Saccharomyces boulardii for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in a paediatric age group PS256

T25508

324747-324860

Sentence

denotes

Prophylactic affect of Saccharomyces boulardii for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in a paediatric age group PS256

TextSentencer_T2802

324861-324912

Sentence

denotes

Erdeve O, Tiras U, Camurdan MO, Tanyer G, Dallar Y.

T53779

324861-324912

Sentence

denotes

Erdeve O, Tiras U, Camurdan MO, Tanyer G, Dallar Y.

TextSentencer_T2803

324913-324979

Sentence

denotes

Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey

T61779

324913-324979

Sentence

denotes

Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey

TextSentencer_T2804

324980-325087

Sentence

denotes

The process resulting in antibiotic associated diarrhea is the alteration of enteric flora due to bacteria.

T57215

324980-325087

Sentence

denotes

The process resulting in antibiotic associated diarrhea is the alteration of enteric flora due to bacteria.

TextSentencer_T2805

325088-325207

Sentence

denotes

Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast, isolated from cover of a kind of hazelnut and its usage became widespread recently.

T16379

325088-325207

Sentence

denotes

Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast, isolated from cover of a kind of hazelnut and its usage became widespread recently.

TextSentencer_T2806

325208-325279

Sentence

denotes

There is no enough study about S. boulardii activity at pediatric ages.

T23179

325208-325279

Sentence

denotes

There is no enough study about S. boulardii activity at pediatric ages.

TextSentencer_T2807

325280-325410

Sentence

denotes

We aimed to define S. boulardii activity on azithromycin and sulbactam-ampiciline, and associated diarrhea at pediatric age group.

T47095

325280-325410

Sentence

denotes

We aimed to define S. boulardii activity on azithromycin and sulbactam-ampiciline, and associated diarrhea at pediatric age group.

TextSentencer_T2808

325411-325536

Sentence

denotes

The 18.9% of cases only with antibiotic usage developed diarrhea, whereas rate was 5.7% for probiotic using group (P B/0.05).

T52150

325411-325536

Sentence

denotes

The 18.9% of cases only with antibiotic usage developed diarrhea, whereas rate was 5.7% for probiotic using group (P B/0.05).

TextSentencer_T2809

325537-325635

Sentence

denotes

All of the Clostridium difficile toxin A defined cases were from sulbactam-ampiciline using group.

T15671

325537-325635

Sentence

denotes

All of the Clostridium difficile toxin A defined cases were from sulbactam-ampiciline using group.

TextSentencer_T2810

325636-325804

Sentence

denotes

The rate of diarrhea for sulbactam-ampiciline using group was 25.6%, while it was 5.9% for group used S. boulardii as probiotic beside sulbactam-ampiciline (P B/ 0.05).

T1480

325636-325804

Sentence

denotes

The rate of diarrhea for sulbactam-ampiciline using group was 25.6%, while it was 5.9% for group used S. boulardii as probiotic beside sulbactam-ampiciline (P B/ 0.05).

TextSentencer_T2811

325805-325884

Sentence

denotes

It was observed that probiotic usage decreases diarrhea rate four times (P B/0.

T98106

325805-325884

Sentence

denotes

It was observed that probiotic usage decreases diarrhea rate four times (P B/0.

TextSentencer_T2812

325885-325889

Sentence

denotes

05).

T16344

325885-325889

Sentence

denotes

05).

TextSentencer_T2813

325890-326083

Sentence

denotes

When age groups considered, the rate of sulbactamampiciline associated diarrhea increased at 1 Á/5 ages and S. boulardii effect on preventing diarrhea was significant at 1 Á/12 ages (P B/0.05).

T75742

325890-326083

Sentence

denotes

When age groups considered, the rate of sulbactamampiciline associated diarrhea increased at 1 Á/5 ages and S. boulardii effect on preventing diarrhea was significant at 1 Á/12 ages (P B/0.05).

TextSentencer_T2814

326084-326167

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic associated diarrhea is a common clinical problem at pediatric age group.

T27062

326084-326167

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic associated diarrhea is a common clinical problem at pediatric age group.

TextSentencer_T2815

326168-326264

Sentence

denotes

S. boulardii is a hope giving probiotic especially for sulbactam-ampiciline associated diarrhea.

T5020

326168-326264

Sentence

denotes

S. boulardii is a hope giving probiotic especially for sulbactam-ampiciline associated diarrhea.

TextSentencer_T2816

326265-326495

Sentence

denotes

Grey E a Bilikova E a , Hafed BM a , Kovacicova G a , Chovancova D b , Huttova M b , Krcmery V a . a School of Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia , b Postgraduate Academy of Medicine, Neonatal Clinic, Bratislava, Slovakia

T42002

326265-326495

Sentence

denotes

Grey E a Bilikova E a , Hafed BM a , Kovacicova G a , Chovancova D b , Huttova M b , Krcmery V a . a School of Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia , b Postgraduate Academy of Medicine, Neonatal Clinic, Bratislava, Slovakia

TextSentencer_T2817

326496-326521

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

T96149

326496-326521

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T2818

326522-326652

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the study was to find out, whether artificial abortion of a mother has impact on neonatal infection of her future baby.

T40953

326522-326652

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the study was to find out, whether artificial abortion of a mother has impact on neonatal infection of her future baby.

TextSentencer_T2819

326653-326674

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained:

T72112

326653-326674

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained:

TextSentencer_T2820

326675-326896

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, we compared 39 neonates with infection, who were born to mothers with past history of abortion (1 Á/7 artificial abortions within 10 years), with the babies of mothers, who have not experienced abortion before.

T44034

326675-326896

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, we compared 39 neonates with infection, who were born to mothers with past history of abortion (1 Á/7 artificial abortions within 10 years), with the babies of mothers, who have not experienced abortion before.

TextSentencer_T2821

326897-326994

Sentence

denotes

Control group consisted of 207 neonates hospitalized at the same clinic, at the same time period.

T32697

326897-326994

Sentence

denotes

Control group consisted of 207 neonates hospitalized at the same clinic, at the same time period.

TextSentencer_T2822

326995-327307

Sentence

denotes

According to the analysis of risk factors for neonatal infections, it was found, that prematurity (28 Á/32 weeks of gestation) (30.77 vs. 14.01%, P 0.019) and low birth weight-1500 Á/2500 g (58.97 vs. 39.13%, P 0.03) were significantly more frequently observed in babies of mothers with past history of abortion.

T42701

326995-327307

Sentence

denotes

According to the analysis of risk factors for neonatal infections, it was found, that prematurity (28 Á/32 weeks of gestation) (30.77 vs. 14.01%, P 0.019) and low birth weight-1500 Á/2500 g (58.97 vs. 39.13%, P 0.03) were significantly more frequently observed in babies of mothers with past history of abortion.

TextSentencer_T2823

327308-327507

Sentence

denotes

Drug abuse (heroin) (12.82 vs. 1.45%, P 0.003) and nicotine use (15.38 vs. 2.42%, P 0.0027), were more significantly related to neonatal infections in babies of mothers with past history of abortion.

T24409

327308-327507

Sentence

denotes

Drug abuse (heroin) (12.82 vs. 1.45%, P 0.003) and nicotine use (15.38 vs. 2.42%, P 0.0027), were more significantly related to neonatal infections in babies of mothers with past history of abortion.

TextSentencer_T2824

327508-327676

Sentence

denotes

Etiological analysis showed that only Candida albicans (5.13 vs. 0%, P 0.024) was significantly related to neonatal infections in mothers with past history of abortion.

T42498

327508-327676

Sentence

denotes

Etiological analysis showed that only Candida albicans (5.13 vs. 0%, P 0.024) was significantly related to neonatal infections in mothers with past history of abortion.

TextSentencer_T2825

327677-327700

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached:

T81582

327677-327700

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached:

TextSentencer_T2826

327701-327823

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, artificial abortion has not only direct impact to the health of the mother, but also on her next pregnancy.

T3086

327701-327823

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, artificial abortion has not only direct impact to the health of the mother, but also on her next pregnancy.

TextSentencer_T2827

327824-327899

Sentence

denotes

Bacteraemia and patient mortality in a peadiatric intensive care unit PS258

T47431

327824-327899

Sentence

denotes

Bacteraemia and patient mortality in a peadiatric intensive care unit PS258

TextSentencer_T2828

327900-327933

Sentence

denotes

Armenian SH, Singh J, Arrieta AC.

T3665

327900-327933

Sentence

denotes

Armenian SH, Singh J, Arrieta AC.

TextSentencer_T2829

327934-328012

Sentence

denotes

Children's Hospital of Orange County, Infectious Disease, Orange, USA Purpose:

T65981

327934-328012

Sentence

denotes

Children's Hospital of Orange County, Infectious Disease, Orange, USA Purpose:

TextSentencer_T2830

328013-328181

Sentence

denotes

This study will identify the factors that significantly contribute to mortality in patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) at a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

T82354

328013-328181

Sentence

denotes

This study will identify the factors that significantly contribute to mortality in patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) at a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

TextSentencer_T2831

328182-328190

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T95632

328182-328190

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2832

328191-328291

Sentence

denotes

Medical records of 63 patients who were admitted to the PICU and had a documented BSI were reviewed.

T4361

328191-328291

Sentence

denotes

Medical records of 63 patients who were admitted to the PICU and had a documented BSI were reviewed.

TextSentencer_T2833

328292-328402

Sentence

denotes

There were 74 separate episodes of BSI's, with nine patients having multiple BSI's during their hospital stay.

T46341

328292-328402

Sentence

denotes

There were 74 separate episodes of BSI's, with nine patients having multiple BSI's during their hospital stay.

TextSentencer_T2834

328403-328432

Sentence

denotes

A casecontrol model was used.

T90785

328403-328432

Sentence

denotes

A casecontrol model was used.

TextSentencer_T2835

328433-328545

Sentence

denotes

Cases were BSI's with eventual mortality (N0/27; 36.5%) and controls were those who survived BSI (N0/47; 63.5%).

T92160

328433-328545

Sentence

denotes

Cases were BSI's with eventual mortality (N0/27; 36.5%) and controls were those who survived BSI (N0/47; 63.5%).

TextSentencer_T2836

328546-328794

Sentence

denotes

Patients who died were older (5.7 vs. 2.4 years; PB/ 0.01), more likely to have a nosocomial BSI (42.9 vs. 16.7%; PB/ 0.05), longer hospitalization prior to BSI (30.5 vs. 9.8 days; PB/ 0.05), and have a polymicrobial BSI (66.7 vs. 30.6%; PB/ 0.05).

T61840

328546-328794

Sentence

denotes

Patients who died were older (5.7 vs. 2.4 years; PB/ 0.01), more likely to have a nosocomial BSI (42.9 vs. 16.7%; PB/ 0.05), longer hospitalization prior to BSI (30.5 vs. 9.8 days; PB/ 0.05), and have a polymicrobial BSI (66.7 vs. 30.6%; PB/ 0.05).

TextSentencer_T2837

328795-329096

Sentence

denotes

Infection related mortality (IRM)-defined as death within 7 days of BSI */was significantly higher in those receiving inadequate antibiotic treatment at the time of diagnosis of BSI (54.5 vs. 12.7%; P B/ 0.01), as well as in those with gram negative bacteremia and/or fungemia (35 vs. 13%; P B/ 0.05).

T375

328795-329096

Sentence

denotes

Infection related mortality (IRM)-defined as death within 7 days of BSI */was significantly higher in those receiving inadequate antibiotic treatment at the time of diagnosis of BSI (54.5 vs. 12.7%; P B/ 0.01), as well as in those with gram negative bacteremia and/or fungemia (35 vs. 13%; P B/ 0.05).

TextSentencer_T2838

329097-329172

Sentence

denotes

Logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding variables.

T55690

329097-329172

Sentence

denotes

Logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding variables.

TextSentencer_T2839

329173-329185

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T20389

329173-329185

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2840

329186-329340

Sentence

denotes

We found that being older, multiple organisms, and a longer hospitalization prior to the BSI were significantly associated with overall patient mortality.

T65105

329186-329340

Sentence

denotes

We found that being older, multiple organisms, and a longer hospitalization prior to the BSI were significantly associated with overall patient mortality.

TextSentencer_T2841

329341-329483

Sentence

denotes

IRM was significantly higher for those with inadequate initial antibiotic coverage and in those with gram negative bacteremia and/or fungemia.

T98849

329341-329483

Sentence

denotes

IRM was significantly higher for those with inadequate initial antibiotic coverage and in those with gram negative bacteremia and/or fungemia.

TextSentencer_T2842

329484-329800

Sentence

denotes

Somer A a , Gü r D a , Diri S a , Yalcýn I a , Salman N a , Ongen B b , Gü rler N b . a Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey , b Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

T76113

329484-329800

Sentence

denotes

Somer A a , Gü r D a , Diri S a , Yalcýn I a , Salman N a , Ongen B b , Gü rler N b . a Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey , b Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

TextSentencer_T2843

329801-330170

Sentence

denotes

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic active against a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant staphylococci and offers the advantages of once daily administration, choice of administration route, lack of requirement for routine therapeutic drug monitoring and lower propensity to cause nephrotoxiticy and anaphylactoid-like reactions.

T94510

329801-330170

Sentence

denotes

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic active against a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant staphylococci and offers the advantages of once daily administration, choice of administration route, lack of requirement for routine therapeutic drug monitoring and lower propensity to cause nephrotoxiticy and anaphylactoid-like reactions.

TextSentencer_T2844

330171-330300

Sentence

denotes

In this study the efficacy and safety of teicoplanin were evaluated retrospectively in children with serious bacterial infection.

T4605

330171-330300

Sentence

denotes

In this study the efficacy and safety of teicoplanin were evaluated retrospectively in children with serious bacterial infection.

TextSentencer_T2845

330301-330510

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-three children (18 girls, 45 boys) aged between 1 month and 15 years were treated with teicoplanin (three loading dosages of 10 mg/kg at 12 h intervals, followed by a maintenance dosage of 10 mg/kg/day).

T54920

330301-330510

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-three children (18 girls, 45 boys) aged between 1 month and 15 years were treated with teicoplanin (three loading dosages of 10 mg/kg at 12 h intervals, followed by a maintenance dosage of 10 mg/kg/day).

TextSentencer_T2846

330511-330683

Sentence

denotes

The infections treated were pleural empyema (n0/25), joint and bone infections (n 0/22), septicemia (n0/9), skin and soft tissue infections (n0/4), and lung abscess (n0/3).

T27002

330511-330683

Sentence

denotes

The infections treated were pleural empyema (n0/25), joint and bone infections (n 0/22), septicemia (n0/9), skin and soft tissue infections (n0/4), and lung abscess (n0/3).

TextSentencer_T2847

330684-330890

Sentence

denotes

The pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (n 0/30, 16 of which were methicillin resistant), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n0/4), S. pneumoniae (n0/4), and Group A hemolytic streptococci (n 0/2).

T24694

330684-330890

Sentence

denotes

The pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (n 0/30, 16 of which were methicillin resistant), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n0/4), S. pneumoniae (n0/4), and Group A hemolytic streptococci (n 0/2).

TextSentencer_T2848

330891-330958

Sentence

denotes

The duration of therapy ranged from 14 to 81 days (median 28 days).

T719

330891-330958

Sentence

denotes

The duration of therapy ranged from 14 to 81 days (median 28 days).

TextSentencer_T2849

330959-331031

Sentence

denotes

Clinical success (cure plus improvement) was achieved in 96.8% of cases.

T51824

330959-331031

Sentence

denotes

Clinical success (cure plus improvement) was achieved in 96.8% of cases.

TextSentencer_T2850

331032-331101

Sentence

denotes

No side effects attributable to teicoplanin therapy were encountered.

T2509

331032-331101

Sentence

denotes

No side effects attributable to teicoplanin therapy were encountered.

TextSentencer_T2851

331102-331219

Sentence

denotes

Teicoplanin appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for serious Gram-positive infections in children.

T627

331102-331219

Sentence

denotes

Teicoplanin appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for serious Gram-positive infections in children.

TextSentencer_T2852

331220-331289

Sentence

denotes

The risk of infection is present in all children with acute leukemia.

T1310

331220-331289

Sentence

denotes

The risk of infection is present in all children with acute leukemia.

TextSentencer_T2853

331290-331523

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and sixty episodes of febrile neutropenia were analyzed in 149 children (aged 1.5 Á/16 years) with AML */43 cases and ALL */ 106 cases over 10 years during cytostatic therapy (protocols: mBFM */ 87 AML and mBFM */90 ALL).

T46515

331290-331523

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and sixty episodes of febrile neutropenia were analyzed in 149 children (aged 1.5 Á/16 years) with AML */43 cases and ALL */ 106 cases over 10 years during cytostatic therapy (protocols: mBFM */ 87 AML and mBFM */90 ALL).

TextSentencer_T2854

331524-331588

Sentence

denotes

A degree of FN occurred in 90% of cases in AML, in 53% */in ALL.

T72394

331524-331588

Sentence

denotes

A degree of FN occurred in 90% of cases in AML, in 53% */in ALL.

TextSentencer_T2855

331589-331684

Sentence

denotes

The sites of infection were: blood'/ central venous catheter (32%) and respiratory tract (49%).

T67231

331589-331684

Sentence

denotes

The sites of infection were: blood'/ central venous catheter (32%) and respiratory tract (49%).

TextSentencer_T2856

331685-331720

Sentence

denotes

Pathogens isolated from blood were:

T43652

331685-331720

Sentence

denotes

Pathogens isolated from blood were:

TextSentencer_T2857

331721-331904

Sentence

denotes

Gram-positive */CNS */70%, Streptococcus spp. */18.7%, Gram-negative */Enterobacteria */41%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa */23%, Candida spp. */23.5%, Aspergillus spp. */5.9%, other */5.9%.

T45774

331721-331904

Sentence

denotes

Gram-positive */CNS */70%, Streptococcus spp. */18.7%, Gram-negative */Enterobacteria */41%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa */23%, Candida spp. */23.5%, Aspergillus spp. */5.9%, other */5.9%.

TextSentencer_T2858

331905-331968

Sentence

denotes

For the treatment of FN we used empirical antibiotics regimens.

T54769

331905-331968

Sentence

denotes

For the treatment of FN we used empirical antibiotics regimens.

TextSentencer_T2859

331969-332153

Sentence

denotes

Clinical response was noticed: in 1st line of therapy */ cephalosporins 3 Á/4 generation used */45%, carbapenems used */60% as 2nd Á/3rd lines */vancomycin */70%, amphotericin B */80%.

T55715

331969-332153

Sentence

denotes

Clinical response was noticed: in 1st line of therapy */ cephalosporins 3 Á/4 generation used */45%, carbapenems used */60% as 2nd Á/3rd lines */vancomycin */70%, amphotericin B */80%.

TextSentencer_T2860

332154-332243

Sentence

denotes

Thirtytwo percent of children with AML and 5.2% children with ALL died because of sepsis.

T11331

332154-332243

Sentence

denotes

Thirtytwo percent of children with AML and 5.2% children with ALL died because of sepsis.

TextSentencer_T2861

332244-332255

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T35836

332244-332255

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T2862

332256-332358

Sentence

denotes

Carbapenems are more active in the 1st line of antibiotics therapy both for patients with AML and ALL.

T16060

332256-332358

Sentence

denotes

Carbapenems are more active in the 1st line of antibiotics therapy both for patients with AML and ALL.

TextSentencer_T2863

332359-332418

Sentence

denotes

Vancomycin is useful in the 2nd line for patients with ALL.

T74738

332359-332418

Sentence

denotes

Vancomycin is useful in the 2nd line for patients with ALL.

TextSentencer_T2864

332419-332513

Sentence

denotes

Amphotericin B and vancomycin are useful in combination in the 2nd line for patients with AML.

T42519

332419-332513

Sentence

denotes

Amphotericin B and vancomycin are useful in combination in the 2nd line for patients with AML.

TextSentencer_T2865

332514-332532

Sentence

denotes

Pavlenishvili IVP.

T4466

332514-332532

Sentence

denotes

Pavlenishvili IVP.

TextSentencer_T2866

332533-332578

Sentence

denotes

Medical Academy, Pediatrics, Tbilisi, Georgia

T48134

332533-332578

Sentence

denotes

Medical Academy, Pediatrics, Tbilisi, Georgia

TextSentencer_T2867

332579-332640

Sentence

denotes

Our drug of choice in cases of complicated neonatal sepsis I.

T51996

332579-332640

Sentence

denotes

Our drug of choice in cases of complicated neonatal sepsis I.

TextSentencer_T2868

332641-332941

Sentence

denotes

Pavlenishvili, G, Iobashvili Tbilisi, Medical Academy Georgian Society of pediatrics Chemotherapy (GSPC) with collaborations of Drug and Therapeutic Committee (DTC) of Childers hospital 'Republic' finished the observation study about nosocomial infections of Neonatal ICU in above mentioned hospital.

T5111

332641-332941

Sentence

denotes

Pavlenishvili, G, Iobashvili Tbilisi, Medical Academy Georgian Society of pediatrics Chemotherapy (GSPC) with collaborations of Drug and Therapeutic Committee (DTC) of Childers hospital 'Republic' finished the observation study about nosocomial infections of Neonatal ICU in above mentioned hospital.

TextSentencer_T2869

332942-332974

Sentence

denotes

Study begins from November 2000.

T74974

332942-332974

Sentence

denotes

Study begins from November 2000.

TextSentencer_T2870

332975-333079

Sentence

denotes

During this period we observe 45 cases of neonatal sepsis, most of them were due gram-negative bacteria.

T12666

332975-333079

Sentence

denotes

During this period we observe 45 cases of neonatal sepsis, most of them were due gram-negative bacteria.

TextSentencer_T2871

333080-333199

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-four cases of neonatal sepsis were cause different stains of Escherichia coli , Proteus spp. and Acinetobacter .

T35057

333080-333199

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-four cases of neonatal sepsis were cause different stains of Escherichia coli , Proteus spp. and Acinetobacter .

TextSentencer_T2872

333200-333379

Sentence

denotes

We notice that during last 2 years the role of Acinetobacter in etiology of neonatal sepsis and nosocomial complications of neonatal sepsis in our hospital is gradually increased.

T30611

333200-333379

Sentence

denotes

We notice that during last 2 years the role of Acinetobacter in etiology of neonatal sepsis and nosocomial complications of neonatal sepsis in our hospital is gradually increased.

TextSentencer_T2873

333380-333514

Sentence

denotes

As our observation reveals most optimal in the case of complicated neonatal sepsis was (according criteria of DTS) use of Ceftasidime.

T17108

333380-333514

Sentence

denotes

As our observation reveals most optimal in the case of complicated neonatal sepsis was (according criteria of DTS) use of Ceftasidime.

TextSentencer_T2874

333515-333568

Sentence

denotes

Almost in all cases we used Ceftasidime with success.

T88621

333515-333568

Sentence

denotes

Almost in all cases we used Ceftasidime with success.

TextSentencer_T2875

333569-333604

Sentence

denotes

We have only one case of mortality.

T74370

333569-333604

Sentence

denotes

We have only one case of mortality.

TextSentencer_T2876

333605-333772

Sentence

denotes

Since the macrolide resistance (MR) in Streptococcus pyogenes has been increasing in Europe, we studied the incidence and genetic basis of MR in S. pyogenes in Russia.

T67826

333605-333772

Sentence

denotes

Since the macrolide resistance (MR) in Streptococcus pyogenes has been increasing in Europe, we studied the incidence and genetic basis of MR in S. pyogenes in Russia.

TextSentencer_T2877

333773-333944

Sentence

denotes

S. pyogenes isolated at baseline and during follow-up visits from children with acute pharyngitis receiving penicillin or midecamycin (16-membered macrolide) were studied.

T33663

333773-333944

Sentence

denotes

S. pyogenes isolated at baseline and during follow-up visits from children with acute pharyngitis receiving penicillin or midecamycin (16-membered macrolide) were studied.

TextSentencer_T2878

333945-334019

Sentence

denotes

MR was evaluated by agar dilution (NCCLS), resistance mechanisms */by PCR.

T23995

333945-334019

Sentence

denotes

MR was evaluated by agar dilution (NCCLS), resistance mechanisms */by PCR.

TextSentencer_T2879

334020-334124

Sentence

denotes

A total of 149 S. pyogenes were obtained at the baseline, 21 (14%) of which were erythromycin-resistant:

T15398

334020-334124

Sentence

denotes

A total of 149 S. pyogenes were obtained at the baseline, 21 (14%) of which were erythromycin-resistant:

TextSentencer_T2880

334125-334231

Sentence

denotes

19 strains (90%) were erm (A)-positive, one */mef (A)-positive, and one was negative for all primers used.

T25670

334125-334231

Sentence

denotes

19 strains (90%) were erm (A)-positive, one */mef (A)-positive, and one was negative for all primers used.

TextSentencer_T2881

334232-334369

Sentence

denotes

All erm (A)-strains were inducibly resistant to clindamycin and represented seven PFGE profiles with one profile found in 11/ 19 strains.

T85876

334232-334369

Sentence

denotes

All erm (A)-strains were inducibly resistant to clindamycin and represented seven PFGE profiles with one profile found in 11/ 19 strains.

TextSentencer_T2882

334370-334746

Sentence

denotes

In three midecamycin treated patients MR was selected during the therapy (one strain had erm (A), one */mef (A), one */ unknown resistance determinant). mef (A)-strain obtained during follow-up visit had different PFGE pattern with mef (A) strain isolated at baseline, while both the baseline and follow-up strains with unknown mechanism of resistance had unique PFGE pattern.

T7430

334370-334746

Sentence

denotes

In three midecamycin treated patients MR was selected during the therapy (one strain had erm (A), one */mef (A), one */ unknown resistance determinant). mef (A)-strain obtained during follow-up visit had different PFGE pattern with mef (A) strain isolated at baseline, while both the baseline and follow-up strains with unknown mechanism of resistance had unique PFGE pattern.

TextSentencer_T2883

334747-334834

Sentence

denotes

These data showed moderate incidence of erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes in Smolensk.

T92069

334747-334834

Sentence

denotes

These data showed moderate incidence of erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes in Smolensk.

TextSentencer_T2884

334835-335004

Sentence

denotes

Ribosomal methylation (erm (A)) was the most common mechanism and though the polyclonal nature of MR was established, most erm (A)-strains belonged to only a few clones.

T12829

334835-335004

Sentence

denotes

Ribosomal methylation (erm (A)) was the most common mechanism and though the polyclonal nature of MR was established, most erm (A)-strains belonged to only a few clones.

TextSentencer_T2885

335005-335297

Sentence

denotes

Bacillus cereus infections in traumatology-orthopaedy department: retrospective study and re-evaluation of healthcare practices PS263 Bacillus cereus was cultured for 30 patients from traumatology department who had developed postoperative wound infections between August 1997 and March 2000.

T4818

335005-335297

Sentence

denotes

Bacillus cereus infections in traumatology-orthopaedy department: retrospective study and re-evaluation of healthcare practices PS263 Bacillus cereus was cultured for 30 patients from traumatology department who had developed postoperative wound infections between August 1997 and March 2000.

TextSentencer_T2886

335298-335433

Sentence

denotes

All patients presented inferior members open fractures, frequently contaminated with telluric material and requiring external fixators.

T17385

335298-335433

Sentence

denotes

All patients presented inferior members open fractures, frequently contaminated with telluric material and requiring external fixators.

TextSentencer_T2887

335434-335578

Sentence

denotes

Genomic study of clinical isolates by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and Random analysis polymorphic DNA, allowed us to eliminate an outbreak.

T12284

335434-335578

Sentence

denotes

Genomic study of clinical isolates by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and Random analysis polymorphic DNA, allowed us to eliminate an outbreak.

TextSentencer_T2888

335579-335726

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, the reduced delay in which patients developed the infection (6 days'//-2) led us to re-evaluate the procotols used in our institution.

T18560

335579-335726

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, the reduced delay in which patients developed the infection (6 days'//-2) led us to re-evaluate the procotols used in our institution.

TextSentencer_T2889

335727-335880

Sentence

denotes

Indeed, all patients had received amoxycillin '/ clavulanate IV 2g for antibioprophylaxis during anesthetical induction then relayed per os for 48 hours.

T66394

335727-335880

Sentence

denotes

Indeed, all patients had received amoxycillin '/ clavulanate IV 2g for antibioprophylaxis during anesthetical induction then relayed per os for 48 hours.

TextSentencer_T2890

335881-335991

Sentence

denotes

Because of the production of a potent beta-lactamase by the bacteria, this association could not be efficient.

T46201

335881-335991

Sentence

denotes

Because of the production of a potent beta-lactamase by the bacteria, this association could not be efficient.

TextSentencer_T2891

335992-336259

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, accordingly to the AFNOR EN 1040 norm, we have tested clinical isolates' sensitivity to the principal antiseptics used for antisepsis and disinfection (iodophors, chloride derivated and biguanidines) and observed a major resistance of all strains tested.

T74264

335992-336259

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, accordingly to the AFNOR EN 1040 norm, we have tested clinical isolates' sensitivity to the principal antiseptics used for antisepsis and disinfection (iodophors, chloride derivated and biguanidines) and observed a major resistance of all strains tested.

TextSentencer_T2892

336260-336453

Sentence

denotes

Even if these postoperative wound infections are considered as nosocomial because of the delay in appearance, we actually think that Bacillus cereus were initially present in telluric material.

T16133

336260-336453

Sentence

denotes

Even if these postoperative wound infections are considered as nosocomial because of the delay in appearance, we actually think that Bacillus cereus were initially present in telluric material.

TextSentencer_T2893

336454-336623

Sentence

denotes

This fact led us to propose a systematic screening for Bacillus at admission for this type of wound and to administrate quinolones such as ciprofloxacin for prophylaxis.

T53995

336454-336623

Sentence

denotes

This fact led us to propose a systematic screening for Bacillus at admission for this type of wound and to administrate quinolones such as ciprofloxacin for prophylaxis.

TextSentencer_T2894

336624-336782

Sentence

denotes

Internal thiols and reactive oxygen species in the candidacidal activity exerted by a N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin PS 264 The purpose of the study:

T11666

336624-336782

Sentence

denotes

Internal thiols and reactive oxygen species in the candidacidal activity exerted by a N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin PS 264 The purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T2895

336783-336933

Sentence

denotes

The emergence of Candida albicans strains resistant to current antifungals points to the need for new antifungal agents, e. g. antimicrobial peptides.

T55285

336783-336933

Sentence

denotes

The emergence of Candida albicans strains resistant to current antifungals points to the need for new antifungal agents, e. g. antimicrobial peptides.

TextSentencer_T2896

336934-336956

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained :

T59481

336934-336956

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained :

TextSentencer_T2897

336957-337209

Sentence

denotes

We report that hLF(1-11), a synthetic Nterminal peptide of human lactoferrin, displays excellent killing effect against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and that sub-optimal concentrations of this peptide combined with fluconazole act synergistically.

T71747

336957-337209

Sentence

denotes

We report that hLF(1-11), a synthetic Nterminal peptide of human lactoferrin, displays excellent killing effect against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and that sub-optimal concentrations of this peptide combined with fluconazole act synergistically.

TextSentencer_T2898

337210-337373

Sentence

denotes

Previous investigations revealed that hLF(1-11) required an energized mitochondrion, ATP release by Candida , and ligation of ATP receptors for its killing effect.

T22848

337210-337373

Sentence

denotes

Previous investigations revealed that hLF(1-11) required an energized mitochondrion, ATP release by Candida , and ligation of ATP receptors for its killing effect.

TextSentencer_T2899

337374-337471

Sentence

denotes

We now report that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the killing effect of hLF(1-11).

T54310

337374-337471

Sentence

denotes

We now report that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the killing effect of hLF(1-11).

TextSentencer_T2900

337472-337630

Sentence

denotes

Since internal thiols protect cells from oxidative damage, our observation that hLF(1-11) caused a 20% reduction of internal thiols in Candida is of interest.

T79226

337472-337630

Sentence

denotes

Since internal thiols protect cells from oxidative damage, our observation that hLF(1-11) caused a 20% reduction of internal thiols in Candida is of interest.

TextSentencer_T2901

337631-337770

Sentence

denotes

As expected, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which is a precursor of glutathione and a ROS scavenger, inhibited the killing effect of hLF(1-11).

T10876

337631-337770

Sentence

denotes

As expected, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which is a precursor of glutathione and a ROS scavenger, inhibited the killing effect of hLF(1-11).

TextSentencer_T2902

337771-337919

Sentence

denotes

Diamide, which oxidizes internal thiols, was candidacidal and hLF(1-11) and diamide acted synergistically in killing C. albicans and ROS production.

T16209

337771-337919

Sentence

denotes

Diamide, which oxidizes internal thiols, was candidacidal and hLF(1-11) and diamide acted synergistically in killing C. albicans and ROS production.

TextSentencer_T2903

337920-338067

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, the hLF(1-11)-induced activation of mitochondria was inhibited by NAC, indicating that internal thiols/ROS affect mitochondrial activity.

T83539

337920-338067

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, the hLF(1-11)-induced activation of mitochondria was inhibited by NAC, indicating that internal thiols/ROS affect mitochondrial activity.

TextSentencer_T2904

338068-338092

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached :

T17777

338068-338092

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached :

TextSentencer_T2905

338093-338189

Sentence

denotes

The candidacidal activity of hLF(1-11) involves ROS production and reduction of internal thiols.

T9780

338093-338189

Sentence

denotes

The candidacidal activity of hLF(1-11) involves ROS production and reduction of internal thiols.

TextSentencer_T2906

338190-338201

Sentence

denotes

Objective :

T6803

338190-338201

Sentence

denotes

Objective :

TextSentencer_T2907

338202-338381

Sentence

denotes

An audit was conducted to explore the observation of increasing resistance to Ciprofloxacin in enterobacteriacea isolated from specimens from such patients in the hematology unit.

T31690

338202-338381

Sentence

denotes

An audit was conducted to explore the observation of increasing resistance to Ciprofloxacin in enterobacteriacea isolated from specimens from such patients in the hematology unit.

TextSentencer_T2908

338382-338391

Sentence

denotes

Results :

T98489

338382-338391

Sentence

denotes

Results :

TextSentencer_T2909

338392-338503

Sentence

denotes

Enterobacteriacea isolates in specimens from such patients processed over the years 1997 to 2001 were examined.

T48087

338392-338503

Sentence

denotes

Enterobacteriacea isolates in specimens from such patients processed over the years 1997 to 2001 were examined.

TextSentencer_T2910

338504-338684

Sentence

denotes

Number of specimens per year was */109, 152, 132, 160 and 170 respectively and the annual percent ciprofloxacin resistant enterobacteriacea from these was 2%, 9%, 12%, 14% and 21%.

T98558

338504-338684

Sentence

denotes

Number of specimens per year was */109, 152, 132, 160 and 170 respectively and the annual percent ciprofloxacin resistant enterobacteriacea from these was 2%, 9%, 12%, 14% and 21%.

TextSentencer_T2911

338685-338697

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion :

T97089

338685-338697

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion :

TextSentencer_T2912

338698-338980

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion drawn from the audit was that rapid rise in Ciprofloxacin resistance may possibly be attributed to the use of this fluoroquinolone as a single agent in dose of 250/500 mg [cut off patient weight 40 Kg] twice a day in neutropenic patients till neutrophils exceed 500/c.mm.

T80519

338698-338980

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion drawn from the audit was that rapid rise in Ciprofloxacin resistance may possibly be attributed to the use of this fluoroquinolone as a single agent in dose of 250/500 mg [cut off patient weight 40 Kg] twice a day in neutropenic patients till neutrophils exceed 500/c.mm.

TextSentencer_T2913

338981-339146

Sentence

denotes

Subsequent to the audit, prophylaxis protocol was modified to use of oral Colistin 3-mega units/twice a day in combination with ciprofloxacin 250/500 mg twice a day.

T36225

338981-339146

Sentence

denotes

Subsequent to the audit, prophylaxis protocol was modified to use of oral Colistin 3-mega units/twice a day in combination with ciprofloxacin 250/500 mg twice a day.

TextSentencer_T2914

339147-339220

Sentence

denotes

A prospective audit is proposed to test the benefits of this combination.

T40987

339147-339220

Sentence

denotes

A prospective audit is proposed to test the benefits of this combination.

TextSentencer_T2915

339221-339378

Sentence

denotes

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis: diagnostic dilemma for emergency physician: can the associated morbidity and mortality in this rare but deadly disease be reduced?

T78948

339221-339378

Sentence

denotes

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis: diagnostic dilemma for emergency physician: can the associated morbidity and mortality in this rare but deadly disease be reduced?

TextSentencer_T2916

339379-339409

Sentence

denotes

PS 266 Samavedam S, Guleri AS.

T29379

339379-339409

Sentence

denotes

PS 266 Samavedam S, Guleri AS.

TextSentencer_T2917

339410-339623

Sentence

denotes

Western Infirmary, Clinical Microbiology, Glasgow, United Kingdom Rhinocerebral zygomycosis [RCZ] is a rare, invasive, rapidly progressive opportunistic infection caused by ubiquitous fungi of the order mucorales.

T46529

339410-339623

Sentence

denotes

Western Infirmary, Clinical Microbiology, Glasgow, United Kingdom Rhinocerebral zygomycosis [RCZ] is a rare, invasive, rapidly progressive opportunistic infection caused by ubiquitous fungi of the order mucorales.

TextSentencer_T2918

339624-339685

Sentence

denotes

It usually occurs in diabetics or immunocompromised patients.

T86908

339624-339685

Sentence

denotes

It usually occurs in diabetics or immunocompromised patients.

TextSentencer_T2919

339686-339827

Sentence

denotes

The emergency physician will typically see patients with RCZ in its earliest stages masquerading as a variety of other less serious diseases.

T62735

339686-339827

Sentence

denotes

The emergency physician will typically see patients with RCZ in its earliest stages masquerading as a variety of other less serious diseases.

TextSentencer_T2920

339828-340009

Sentence

denotes

The key markers like necrotic patch on hard palate, nasal septum or turbinate, marked facial pain, and cellulites with marked eye and neurological signs may present late in disease.

T29309

339828-340009

Sentence

denotes

The key markers like necrotic patch on hard palate, nasal septum or turbinate, marked facial pain, and cellulites with marked eye and neurological signs may present late in disease.

TextSentencer_T2921

340010-340127

Sentence

denotes

We report a case of RCZ caused by Rhizopus arrhizus [oryzae] in an 84 year old woman with poorly controlled diabetes.

T36777

340010-340127

Sentence

denotes

We report a case of RCZ caused by Rhizopus arrhizus [oryzae] in an 84 year old woman with poorly controlled diabetes.

TextSentencer_T2922

340128-340217

Sentence

denotes

She presented with a right-sided facial droop of short origin and being generally unwell.

T33839

340128-340217

Sentence

denotes

She presented with a right-sided facial droop of short origin and being generally unwell.

TextSentencer_T2923

340218-340330

Sentence

denotes

CT scan was non-conclusive and delayed presentation of key markers of RCZ permitted disease to rapidly progress.

T31463

340218-340330

Sentence

denotes

CT scan was non-conclusive and delayed presentation of key markers of RCZ permitted disease to rapidly progress.

TextSentencer_T2924

340331-340452

Sentence

denotes

Despite an intensive antifungal therapy with AmBisome and Insulin sliding scale, patient rapidly succumbed within 4 days.

T24083

340331-340452

Sentence

denotes

Despite an intensive antifungal therapy with AmBisome and Insulin sliding scale, patient rapidly succumbed within 4 days.

TextSentencer_T2925

340453-340561

Sentence

denotes

Fine needle aspiration cytology is less invasive, easier and equally effective alternative to pre op biopsy.

T39473

340453-340561

Sentence

denotes

Fine needle aspiration cytology is less invasive, easier and equally effective alternative to pre op biopsy.

TextSentencer_T2926

340562-340885

Sentence

denotes

The key to successful reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with this rapidly fatal disease is -Increasing awareness of the disease, an early diagnosis, correction of underlying metabolic derangement, prompt intensive antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and radical surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue.

T38307

340562-340885

Sentence

denotes

The key to successful reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with this rapidly fatal disease is -Increasing awareness of the disease, an early diagnosis, correction of underlying metabolic derangement, prompt intensive antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and radical surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue.

TextSentencer_T2927

340886-340938

Sentence

denotes

An 'optimal dosage' of AmBisome requires discussion.

T57810

340886-340938

Sentence

denotes

An 'optimal dosage' of AmBisome requires discussion.

TextSentencer_T2928

340939-341172

Sentence

denotes

Clinical audit in the haematology ward of a tertiary care hospital: study of degree of correlation between bacteraemia and oro-pharyngeal screens in immunocompromised patients over five years and role of antibiotic prophylaxis PS 267

T47486

340939-341172

Sentence

denotes

Clinical audit in the haematology ward of a tertiary care hospital: study of degree of correlation between bacteraemia and oro-pharyngeal screens in immunocompromised patients over five years and role of antibiotic prophylaxis PS 267

TextSentencer_T2929

341173-341194

Sentence

denotes

Guleri AS, Butcher I.

T41995

341173-341194

Sentence

denotes

Guleri AS, Butcher I.

TextSentencer_T2930

341195-341275

Sentence

denotes

Western Infirmary, Clinical Microbiology, Glasgow, United Kingdom Introduction :

T16431

341195-341275

Sentence

denotes

Western Infirmary, Clinical Microbiology, Glasgow, United Kingdom Introduction :

TextSentencer_T2931

341276-341554

Sentence

denotes

A clinical audit was carried out over 5-years [1997] [1998] [1999] [2000] [2001] in the immunocompromised patients including neutropenic patients and bone marrow [autograft] transplant recipients in hematology ward of Gartnaval General Hospital, Glasgow, a tertiary care center.

T91065

341276-341554

Sentence

denotes

A clinical audit was carried out over 5-years [1997] [1998] [1999] [2000] [2001] in the immunocompromised patients including neutropenic patients and bone marrow [autograft] transplant recipients in hematology ward of Gartnaval General Hospital, Glasgow, a tertiary care center.

TextSentencer_T2932

341555-341566

Sentence

denotes

Objective :

T21088

341555-341566

Sentence

denotes

Objective :

TextSentencer_T2933

341567-341734

Sentence

denotes

It was aimed to establish the degree of correlation between bacterial isolates in oro-pharyngeal screen during bacteraemia episodes and role of antibiotic prophylaxis.

T39035

341567-341734

Sentence

denotes

It was aimed to establish the degree of correlation between bacterial isolates in oro-pharyngeal screen during bacteraemia episodes and role of antibiotic prophylaxis.

TextSentencer_T2934

341735-341752

Sentence

denotes

Methods Purpose :

T33510

341735-341752

Sentence

denotes

Methods Purpose :

TextSentencer_T2935

341753-341924

Sentence

denotes

To assess whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification, GM-CSF use and Remune initiation before stopping ART lead to viremia containment, and long periods off ART.

T60185

341753-341924

Sentence

denotes

To assess whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification, GM-CSF use and Remune initiation before stopping ART lead to viremia containment, and long periods off ART.

TextSentencer_T2936

341925-341934

Sentence

denotes

Methods :

T8160

341925-341934

Sentence

denotes

Methods :

TextSentencer_T2937

341935-342069

Sentence

denotes

Ten adults with chronic HIV disease, HIV-1 RNA levels (VL) B/1.7 log copies/ml and median CD4'/ -T cell count of 385/ml were enrolled.

T68254

341935-342069

Sentence

denotes

Ten adults with chronic HIV disease, HIV-1 RNA levels (VL) B/1.7 log copies/ml and median CD4'/ -T cell count of 385/ml were enrolled.

TextSentencer_T2938

342070-342217

Sentence

denotes

After ART intensification with ddI (6 months) '/ hydroxyurea [HU](5 mo.) '/ GM-CSF (3 mo.) and a Remune dose, ART was stopped but Remune continued.

T57308

342070-342217

Sentence

denotes

After ART intensification with ddI (6 months) '/ hydroxyurea [HU](5 mo.) '/ GM-CSF (3 mo.) and a Remune dose, ART was stopped but Remune continued.

TextSentencer_T2939

342218-342328

Sentence

denotes

ART was resumed if rebound VL did not decrease to B/4.7 log in 3 months or if CD4'/ counts decreased to B/200.

T7964

342218-342328

Sentence

denotes

ART was resumed if rebound VL did not decrease to B/4.7 log in 3 months or if CD4'/ counts decreased to B/200.

TextSentencer_T2940

342329-342439

Sentence

denotes

Results : VL rebounded in all patients after stopping ART, and 7 developed an acute retroviral syndrome (ARS).

T2772

342329-342439

Sentence

denotes

Results : VL rebounded in all patients after stopping ART, and 7 developed an acute retroviral syndrome (ARS).

TextSentencer_T2941

342440-342498

Sentence

denotes

CD4'/-T cells decreased, and CD8'/38'/ increased (5-fold).

T86083

342440-342498

Sentence

denotes

CD4'/-T cells decreased, and CD8'/38'/ increased (5-fold).

TextSentencer_T2942

342499-342653

Sentence

denotes

After a median stoppage of 16 weeks, ART was resumed in 9 patients and VL decreased to B/ 1.7 log, CD4'/ counts were regained, IL-2 and IL-15 levels rose.

T15417

342499-342653

Sentence

denotes

After a median stoppage of 16 weeks, ART was resumed in 9 patients and VL decreased to B/ 1.7 log, CD4'/ counts were regained, IL-2 and IL-15 levels rose.

TextSentencer_T2943

342654-342783

Sentence

denotes

At the 2nd interruption, 9/9 patients had a rebound, and 3/9 had a 2nd ARS, but peak VL and loss of CD4'/ were lower (P 0/0.003).

T45889

342654-342783

Sentence

denotes

At the 2nd interruption, 9/9 patients had a rebound, and 3/9 had a 2nd ARS, but peak VL and loss of CD4'/ were lower (P 0/0.003).

TextSentencer_T2944

342784-342837

Sentence

denotes

After 21.3 weeks off ART, 8 patients resumed therapy.

T54531

342784-342837

Sentence

denotes

After 21.3 weeks off ART, 8 patients resumed therapy.

TextSentencer_T2945

342838-342920

Sentence

denotes

The breadth and magnitude of HIV-specific activity increased and thymus size grew.

T95650

342838-342920

Sentence

denotes

The breadth and magnitude of HIV-specific activity increased and thymus size grew.

TextSentencer_T2946

342921-342984

Sentence

denotes

The patients were off ART for a median of 49.5 out of 80 weeks.

T84689

342921-342984

Sentence

denotes

The patients were off ART for a median of 49.5 out of 80 weeks.

TextSentencer_T2947

342985-343055

Sentence

denotes

Two of them are off ART for 80 and 44 weeks respectively ( VLB/4 log).

T89525

342985-343055

Sentence

denotes

Two of them are off ART for 80 and 44 weeks respectively ( VLB/4 log).

TextSentencer_T2948

343056-343069

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions :

T28806

343056-343069

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions :

TextSentencer_T2949

343070-343211

Sentence

denotes

This approach led to a high ARS incidence, long periods off ART, increases in HIV-specific responses, IL-2 and IL-15 levels, and thymus size.

T51896

343070-343211

Sentence

denotes

This approach led to a high ARS incidence, long periods off ART, increases in HIV-specific responses, IL-2 and IL-15 levels, and thymus size.

TextSentencer_T2950

343212-343288

Sentence

denotes

Urinary tract infection in hospitalized population is a significant problem.

T19587

343212-343288

Sentence

denotes

Urinary tract infection in hospitalized population is a significant problem.

TextSentencer_T2951

343289-343364

Sentence

denotes

This is a study of catherized patients urinary infection in Corfu Hospital.

T1620

343289-343364

Sentence

denotes

This is a study of catherized patients urinary infection in Corfu Hospital.

TextSentencer_T2952

343365-343442

Sentence

denotes

In 2000 Á/2001, 3500 urine cultures were sent to our bacteriology laboratory.

T22652

343365-343442

Sentence

denotes

In 2000 Á/2001, 3500 urine cultures were sent to our bacteriology laboratory.

TextSentencer_T2953

343443-343489

Sentence

denotes

650 of them were collected from the catheters.

T27398

343443-343489

Sentence

denotes

650 of them were collected from the catheters.

TextSentencer_T2954

343490-343545

Sentence

denotes

Clinical data of age and type of disease were analysed.

T4451

343490-343545

Sentence

denotes

Clinical data of age and type of disease were analysed.

TextSentencer_T2955

343546-343614

Sentence

denotes

The samples were cultured on Mc Conkey agar-Urotube and Vitek cards.

T12177

343546-343614

Sentence

denotes

The samples were cultured on Mc Conkey agar-Urotube and Vitek cards.

TextSentencer_T2956

343615-343668

Sentence

denotes

The organisms identified with Vitek automatic system.

T71783

343615-343668

Sentence

denotes

The organisms identified with Vitek automatic system.

TextSentencer_T2957

343669-343730

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity was tested with Vitek and Kirby-bauer method.

T43246

343669-343730

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity was tested with Vitek and Kirby-bauer method.

TextSentencer_T2958

343731-343739

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T60200

343731-343739

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2959

343740-343772

Sentence

denotes

No growth of organisms in 46.5%.

T77407

343740-343772

Sentence

denotes

No growth of organisms in 46.5%.

TextSentencer_T2960

343773-343795

Sentence

denotes

Positive cultures 35%.

T32738

343773-343795

Sentence

denotes

Positive cultures 35%.

TextSentencer_T2961

343796-343846

Sentence

denotes

62.2% of the bacteria were Gram((/) rods (45.6% E.

T51126

343796-343846

Sentence

denotes

62.2% of the bacteria were Gram((/) rods (45.6% E.

TextSentencer_T2962

343847-343870

Sentence

denotes

Coli , Pseudomonas spp.

T42945

343847-343870

Sentence

denotes

Coli , Pseudomonas spp.

TextSentencer_T2963

343871-343965

Sentence

denotes

0%), 16% were Gram('/) cocci (Enterococcus spp.) and 22% was Candida spp. the resistance of E.

T25379

343871-343965

Sentence

denotes

0%), 16% were Gram('/) cocci (Enterococcus spp.) and 22% was Candida spp. the resistance of E.

TextSentencer_T2964

343966-343975

Sentence

denotes

Coli was:

T77435

343966-343975

Sentence

denotes

Coli was:

TextSentencer_T2965

343976-344037

Sentence

denotes

37% to Ampicillin , 17% to Co-Trimoxazol and 2% to quinolons.

T50893

343976-344037

Sentence

denotes

37% to Ampicillin , 17% to Co-Trimoxazol and 2% to quinolons.

TextSentencer_T2966

344038-344083

Sentence

denotes

E. faecalis was resistant 10% to Vancomycin .

T81670

344038-344083

Sentence

denotes

E. faecalis was resistant 10% to Vancomycin .

TextSentencer_T2967

344084-344374

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions : (1) The possible interference of acetaminophen in the amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (A/C) or erythromycin (ERY) efficacy in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM), and its possible role in the evolution to otitis media with effusion (OME), were determined in a gerbil model.

T52600

344084-344374

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions : (1) The possible interference of acetaminophen in the amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (A/C) or erythromycin (ERY) efficacy in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM), and its possible role in the evolution to otitis media with effusion (OME), were determined in a gerbil model.

TextSentencer_T2968

344375-344492

Sentence

denotes

A 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae strain exhibiting a MIC of A/C and ERY of 1/0.5 and 0.12 mg/l, respectively, was used.

T33572

344375-344492

Sentence

denotes

A 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae strain exhibiting a MIC of A/C and ERY of 1/0.5 and 0.12 mg/l, respectively, was used.

TextSentencer_T2969

344493-344542

Sentence

denotes

Both antibiotics were tested at 2.5 and 10 mg/kg.

T7034

344493-344542

Sentence

denotes

Both antibiotics were tested at 2.5 and 10 mg/kg.

TextSentencer_T2970

344543-344621

Sentence

denotes

Acetaminophen at 50 mg/kg was administered 30 min before each antibiotic dose.

T66036

344543-344621

Sentence

denotes

Acetaminophen at 50 mg/kg was administered 30 min before each antibiotic dose.

TextSentencer_T2971

344622-344696

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic concentrations in serum and middle ear exudate were determined.

T55925

344622-344696

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic concentrations in serum and middle ear exudate were determined.

TextSentencer_T2972

344697-344884

Sentence

denotes

Both antibiotics significantly reduced the number of culture-positive ears and colony counts, with serum concentrations over the MIC of the microorganism for ]/15% of the dosing interval.

T46318

344697-344884

Sentence

denotes

Both antibiotics significantly reduced the number of culture-positive ears and colony counts, with serum concentrations over the MIC of the microorganism for ]/15% of the dosing interval.

TextSentencer_T2973

344885-345008

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic concentrations in middle ear exudate were almost identical in animals receiving and not receiving acetaminophen.

T9516

344885-345008

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic concentrations in middle ear exudate were almost identical in animals receiving and not receiving acetaminophen.

TextSentencer_T2974

345009-345178

Sentence

denotes

Clinical and microbiological efficacy was correlated with antibiotic concentrations in middle ear exudate ]/1.7 times the MIC of the microorganism, for both antibiotics.

T64868

345009-345178

Sentence

denotes

Clinical and microbiological efficacy was correlated with antibiotic concentrations in middle ear exudate ]/1.7 times the MIC of the microorganism, for both antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T2975

345179-345282

Sentence

denotes

Both antibiotics demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of pneumococcal AOM, with the same rate of OME.

T62154

345179-345282

Sentence

denotes

Both antibiotics demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of pneumococcal AOM, with the same rate of OME.

TextSentencer_T2976

345283-345435

Sentence

denotes

Acetaminophen, concomitantly administered, did not interfere the efficacy of the two antibiotics tested and did not prevent the evolution of AOM to OME.

T15813

345283-345435

Sentence

denotes

Acetaminophen, concomitantly administered, did not interfere the efficacy of the two antibiotics tested and did not prevent the evolution of AOM to OME.

TextSentencer_T2977

345436-345979

Sentence

denotes

Parra A a , Ponte C a , Cenjor C b , García-Olmos M a , Giménez MJ c , Aguilar L c , Soriano F a . a Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Medical Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Otorrinolaryngology, Madrid, Spain , c GlaxoSmithKline, Medical Department, Madrid, Spain A gerbil model of otitis media with effusion (OME) induced by Haemophilus influenzae (amoxicillin/clavulanate-A/C-and erythromycin-ERY-MICs of 1/0.5 and 4 mg/l, respectively) was used to evaluate the efficacy of A/C (10/2 and 15/3 mg/kg) and ERY (20 and 50 mg/kg).

T94747

345436-345979

Sentence

denotes

Parra A a , Ponte C a , Cenjor C b , García-Olmos M a , Giménez MJ c , Aguilar L c , Soriano F a . a Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Medical Microbiology, Madrid, Spain , b Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Otorrinolaryngology, Madrid, Spain , c GlaxoSmithKline, Medical Department, Madrid, Spain A gerbil model of otitis media with effusion (OME) induced by Haemophilus influenzae (amoxicillin/clavulanate-A/C-and erythromycin-ERY-MICs of 1/0.5 and 4 mg/l, respectively) was used to evaluate the efficacy of A/C (10/2 and 15/3 mg/kg) and ERY (20 and 50 mg/kg).

TextSentencer_T2978

345980-346185

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotics were administered subcutaneously 2 h post-middle ear inoculation, and continued t.i.d for 24 h, with or without acetaminophen (AP), at 50 mg/kg, administered 30 min before each antibiotic dose.

T56704

345980-346185

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotics were administered subcutaneously 2 h post-middle ear inoculation, and continued t.i.d for 24 h, with or without acetaminophen (AP), at 50 mg/kg, administered 30 min before each antibiotic dose.

TextSentencer_T2979

346186-346267

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic concentrations in serum and middle ear (ME) were measured by bioassay.

T79872

346186-346267

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic concentrations in serum and middle ear (ME) were measured by bioassay.

TextSentencer_T2980

346268-346323

Sentence

denotes

ME samples for colony counting were collected on day 2.

T51774

346268-346323

Sentence

denotes

ME samples for colony counting were collected on day 2.

TextSentencer_T2981

346324-346565

Sentence

denotes

A/C reduced (P 5/0.05) positive ME samples and colony counts versus untreated controls or ERY: ME positive cultures of 90% for controls, 0% for A/C 15, 7% for A/C 10, 17% for A/C 10'/AP, 90% for ERY 20, 57% for ERY 50 and 87% for ERY 50'/AP.

T34885

346324-346565

Sentence

denotes

A/C reduced (P 5/0.05) positive ME samples and colony counts versus untreated controls or ERY: ME positive cultures of 90% for controls, 0% for A/C 15, 7% for A/C 10, 17% for A/C 10'/AP, 90% for ERY 20, 57% for ERY 50 and 87% for ERY 50'/AP.

TextSentencer_T2982

346566-346741

Sentence

denotes

This was due to A/C (but not ERY) concentrations in ME exceeding 1.8 times the MIC despite the higher percentage of antibiotic penetration of ERY versus A/C (43 versus 8/14%).

T78783

346566-346741

Sentence

denotes

This was due to A/C (but not ERY) concentrations in ME exceeding 1.8 times the MIC despite the higher percentage of antibiotic penetration of ERY versus A/C (43 versus 8/14%).

TextSentencer_T2983

346742-346981

Sentence

denotes

Animals receiving AP showed less polymorphonuclear cells and more bacteria in ME than those receiving only antibiotics, suggesting that the anti-inflamatory drug diminish the phagocytes and therefore, the efficiency in bacterial clearance.

T89978

346742-346981

Sentence

denotes

Animals receiving AP showed less polymorphonuclear cells and more bacteria in ME than those receiving only antibiotics, suggesting that the anti-inflamatory drug diminish the phagocytes and therefore, the efficiency in bacterial clearance.

TextSentencer_T2984

346982-347083

Sentence

denotes

Amoxycillin treatment for acute otitis media caused by penicillinresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae .

T28059

346982-347083

Sentence

denotes

Amoxycillin treatment for acute otitis media caused by penicillinresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae .

TextSentencer_T2985

347084-347116

Sentence

denotes

A pharmacodynamic analysis PM103

T75361

347084-347116

Sentence

denotes

A pharmacodynamic analysis PM103

TextSentencer_T2986

347117-347218

Sentence

denotes

Parra A a , Ponte C a , Cenjor C b , García-Calvo G a , Giménez MJ c , Aguilar L c , Soriano Methods:

T21013

347117-347218

Sentence

denotes

Parra A a , Ponte C a , Cenjor C b , García-Calvo G a , Giménez MJ c , Aguilar L c , Soriano Methods:

TextSentencer_T2987

347219-347430

Sentence

denotes

A serotype 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae strain exhibiting a MIC of amoxycillin of 1 mg/l was used in an experimental model performed in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus ) following previously described procedures.

T72225

347219-347430

Sentence

denotes

A serotype 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae strain exhibiting a MIC of amoxycillin of 1 mg/l was used in an experimental model performed in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus ) following previously described procedures.

TextSentencer_T2988

347431-347477

Sentence

denotes

Amoxycillin was tested at the following doses:

T4062

347431-347477

Sentence

denotes

Amoxycillin was tested at the following doses:

TextSentencer_T2989

347478-347515

Sentence

denotes

0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg.

T25933

347478-347515

Sentence

denotes

0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg.

TextSentencer_T2990

347516-347617

Sentence

denotes

Amoxycillin concentrations in serum and middle ear exudate were determined after drug administration.

T59198

347516-347617

Sentence

denotes

Amoxycillin concentrations in serum and middle ear exudate were determined after drug administration.

TextSentencer_T2991

347618-347626

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T50290

347618-347626

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T2992

347627-347834

Sentence

denotes

Doses of ]/2.5 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of culture-positive ears, colony counts and otorrhoea (P 5/0.05) as compared with untreated controls or animals treated with doses lower than 1.25 mg/kg.

T70840

347627-347834

Sentence

denotes

Doses of ]/2.5 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of culture-positive ears, colony counts and otorrhoea (P 5/0.05) as compared with untreated controls or animals treated with doses lower than 1.25 mg/kg.

TextSentencer_T2993

347835-348043

Sentence

denotes

Doses of ]/2.5 mg/kg achieved antibiotic concentrations in the middle ear 1.4 Á/2.4 times higher than the MIC of the infecting strain and serum concentrations over the MIC for 14 Á/19% of the dosing interval.

T94670

347835-348043

Sentence

denotes

Doses of ]/2.5 mg/kg achieved antibiotic concentrations in the middle ear 1.4 Á/2.4 times higher than the MIC of the infecting strain and serum concentrations over the MIC for 14 Á/19% of the dosing interval.

TextSentencer_T2994

348044-348056

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T5982

348044-348056

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T2995

348057-348273

Sentence

denotes

Amoxycillin at doses achieving serum concentrations similar to those obtained in children after standard doses, obtained therapeutic and microbiological efficacy regardless the susceptibility of the infecting strain.

T40335

348057-348273

Sentence

denotes

Amoxycillin at doses achieving serum concentrations similar to those obtained in children after standard doses, obtained therapeutic and microbiological efficacy regardless the susceptibility of the infecting strain.

TextSentencer_T2996

348274-348490

Sentence

denotes

Better correlation was found between antibiotic efficacy and antibiotic concentrations in middle ear exudate than between efficacy and serum concentrations, which were suboptimal from the pharmacodynamic perspective.

T4917

348274-348490

Sentence

denotes

Better correlation was found between antibiotic efficacy and antibiotic concentrations in middle ear exudate than between efficacy and serum concentrations, which were suboptimal from the pharmacodynamic perspective.

TextSentencer_T2997

348491-348658

Sentence

denotes

Increasing prevalence of amoxycillin Á/clavulanate-resistance among E. coli strains in a Hungarian university hospital PM104 Veréb I, Vígh A, Urbán E, Hajdú E, Nagy E.

T19815

348491-348658

Sentence

denotes

Increasing prevalence of amoxycillin Á/clavulanate-resistance among E. coli strains in a Hungarian university hospital PM104 Veréb I, Vígh A, Urbán E, Hajdú E, Nagy E.

TextSentencer_T2998

348659-348745

Sentence

denotes

Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Background:

T8064

348659-348745

Sentence

denotes

Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Background:

TextSentencer_T2999

348746-348875

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin Á/clavulanate resistance (ACR) is an emerging problem in Escherichia coli as reported from different parts of Europe.

T59

348746-348875

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin Á/clavulanate resistance (ACR) is an emerging problem in Escherichia coli as reported from different parts of Europe.

TextSentencer_T3000

348876-349042

Sentence

denotes

The aims of the present study were to evaluate statistically the prevalence of ACR among E. coli isolates and to investigate the genetic background of the resistance.

T10522

348876-349042

Sentence

denotes

The aims of the present study were to evaluate statistically the prevalence of ACR among E. coli isolates and to investigate the genetic background of the resistance.

TextSentencer_T3001

349043-349051

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T42627

349043-349051

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3002

349052-349172

Sentence

denotes

All E. coli strains isolated between 2000 1 1 and 2001 9 1 were screened for ACR by Kirby Á/Bauer disc diffusion method.

T84587

349052-349172

Sentence

denotes

All E. coli strains isolated between 2000 1 1 and 2001 9 1 were screened for ACR by Kirby Á/Bauer disc diffusion method.

TextSentencer_T3003

349173-349307

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to other beta-lactam Á/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and to different beta-lactam antibiotics were also tested.

T39219

349173-349307

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to other beta-lactam Á/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and to different beta-lactam antibiotics were also tested.

TextSentencer_T3004

349308-349376

Sentence

denotes

Selected strains underwent determination of beta-lactamase activity.

T23579

349308-349376

Sentence

denotes

Selected strains underwent determination of beta-lactamase activity.

TextSentencer_T3005

349377-349458

Sentence

denotes

Confirmatory tests for suspected extended spectrum beta-lactamase were performed.

T90711

349377-349458

Sentence

denotes

Confirmatory tests for suspected extended spectrum beta-lactamase were performed.

TextSentencer_T3006

349459-349553

Sentence

denotes

PCR testing for TEM and SHV genes were carried out on plasmids isolated from selected strains.

T22817

349459-349553

Sentence

denotes

PCR testing for TEM and SHV genes were carried out on plasmids isolated from selected strains.

TextSentencer_T3007

349554-349562

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T8577

349554-349562

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3008

349563-349670

Sentence

denotes

In 2000 out of 1109 E. coli strains 102 (9.2%) were found to be resistant to amoxicillin clavulanate (AMC).

T61714

349563-349670

Sentence

denotes

In 2000 out of 1109 E. coli strains 102 (9.2%) were found to be resistant to amoxicillin clavulanate (AMC).

TextSentencer_T3009

349671-349797

Sentence

denotes

Most of the resistant strains (95%) were obtained from the genitourinary tract and no ACR isolate was found in blood cultures.

T37603

349671-349797

Sentence

denotes

Most of the resistant strains (95%) were obtained from the genitourinary tract and no ACR isolate was found in blood cultures.

TextSentencer_T3010

349798-349936

Sentence

denotes

In 2001 out of 2167 isolates 239 (11%) proved to be ACR and 2.5% were isolated from blood cultures and 66.9% from the genitourinary tract.

T81055

349798-349936

Sentence

denotes

In 2001 out of 2167 isolates 239 (11%) proved to be ACR and 2.5% were isolated from blood cultures and 66.9% from the genitourinary tract.

TextSentencer_T3011

349937-349988

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-five selected strains were further analysed.

T80537

349937-349988

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-five selected strains were further analysed.

TextSentencer_T3012

349989-350067

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-two were also resistant to (SAM) and six were further resistant to TZP.

T66481

349989-350067

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-two were also resistant to (SAM) and six were further resistant to TZP.

TextSentencer_T3013

350068-350187

Sentence

denotes

Quantitative beta-lactamase determination showed increased activity in strains which were partially susceptible to AMC.

T39063

350068-350187

Sentence

denotes

Quantitative beta-lactamase determination showed increased activity in strains which were partially susceptible to AMC.

TextSentencer_T3014

350188-350252

Sentence

denotes

The presence of ESBL could be proved only in three ACR isolates.

T87791

350188-350252

Sentence

denotes

The presence of ESBL could be proved only in three ACR isolates.

TextSentencer_T3015

350253-350415

Sentence

denotes

This open parallel-group study compared the efficacy and tolerability of CEF with CFIX 400 mg once daily in the treatment of community acquired uncomplicated UTI.

T80531

350253-350415

Sentence

denotes

This open parallel-group study compared the efficacy and tolerability of CEF with CFIX 400 mg once daily in the treatment of community acquired uncomplicated UTI.

TextSentencer_T3016

350416-350514

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-eight female patients were randomized to receive either oral CEF or CFIX for 5 or 10 days.

T71767

350416-350514

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-eight female patients were randomized to receive either oral CEF or CFIX for 5 or 10 days.

TextSentencer_T3017

350515-350743

Sentence

denotes

The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by clinical response (by symptoms of UTI dysuria frequency urgency suprapubian pain and by clinical signs) by bacteriologic response and health status measures at baseline and posttherapy.

T72925

350515-350743

Sentence

denotes

The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by clinical response (by symptoms of UTI dysuria frequency urgency suprapubian pain and by clinical signs) by bacteriologic response and health status measures at baseline and posttherapy.

TextSentencer_T3018

350744-350752

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T54225

350744-350752

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3019

350753-350932

Sentence

denotes

The clinical cure (complete resolution of symptoms and signs) rate for patients receiving CEF was 95.12% of the 41 evaluable patients and 89.18% of the 37 patients receiving CFIX.

T99842

350753-350932

Sentence

denotes

The clinical cure (complete resolution of symptoms and signs) rate for patients receiving CEF was 95.12% of the 41 evaluable patients and 89.18% of the 37 patients receiving CFIX.

TextSentencer_T3020

350933-351078

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriologic response (based on the results of urine cultures obtained posttherapy) the pathogen was eradicated in 82.3% for CEF 73.3% for CFIX.

T84065

350933-351078

Sentence

denotes

Bacteriologic response (based on the results of urine cultures obtained posttherapy) the pathogen was eradicated in 82.3% for CEF 73.3% for CFIX.

TextSentencer_T3021

351079-351208

Sentence

denotes

No drug related side effects have been reported in CEF and side effects were experienced by 5.40% of the patients receiving CFIX.

T94759

351079-351208

Sentence

denotes

No drug related side effects have been reported in CEF and side effects were experienced by 5.40% of the patients receiving CFIX.

TextSentencer_T3022

351209-351385

Sentence

denotes

Improvement in health status comparing visual scale scores baseline and poststudy to have detected a higher change in average score from 17 to 94 in CEF, from 20 to 82 in CFIX.

T83034

351209-351385

Sentence

denotes

Improvement in health status comparing visual scale scores baseline and poststudy to have detected a higher change in average score from 17 to 94 in CEF, from 20 to 82 in CFIX.

TextSentencer_T3023

351386-351514

Sentence

denotes

Wilcoxon improvement value was significant on the 3rd day of therapy in case of CEF and on the 5th day of therapy in CFIX group.

T99015

351386-351514

Sentence

denotes

Wilcoxon improvement value was significant on the 3rd day of therapy in case of CEF and on the 5th day of therapy in CFIX group.

TextSentencer_T3024

351515-351742

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that CEF course is more effective than CFIX in producing a favourable clinical outcome and achieving higher bacteriologic eradication rate, furthermore CEF was better tolerated.

T80782

351515-351742

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that CEF course is more effective than CFIX in producing a favourable clinical outcome and achieving higher bacteriologic eradication rate, furthermore CEF was better tolerated.

TextSentencer_T3025

351743-351953

Sentence

denotes

Cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporine that has a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity than the third generation cepfalosporines and is more active in vitro against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria.

T17204

351743-351953

Sentence

denotes

Cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporine that has a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity than the third generation cepfalosporines and is more active in vitro against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria.

TextSentencer_T3026

351954-352104

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to measure cefepime concentrations in plasma, bile fluid and gall bladder tissue in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.

T56054

351954-352104

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to measure cefepime concentrations in plasma, bile fluid and gall bladder tissue in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.

TextSentencer_T3027

352105-352150

Sentence

denotes

Thirty patients 12 male, 18 female, mean age:

T63156

352105-352150

Sentence

denotes

Thirty patients 12 male, 18 female, mean age:

TextSentencer_T3028

352151-352225

Sentence

denotes

48 years had data acceptable for analysis and were included in this study.

T21001

352151-352225

Sentence

denotes

48 years had data acceptable for analysis and were included in this study.

TextSentencer_T3029

352226-352267

Sentence

denotes

All patients received iv 2 g of cefepime.

T82061

352226-352267

Sentence

denotes

All patients received iv 2 g of cefepime.

TextSentencer_T3030

352268-352436

Sentence

denotes

Several hours after administration and at different time intervals, during surgery, samples were obtained from plasma, bile fluid and gall bladder tissue concomitantly.

T85492

352268-352436

Sentence

denotes

Several hours after administration and at different time intervals, during surgery, samples were obtained from plasma, bile fluid and gall bladder tissue concomitantly.

TextSentencer_T3031

352437-352497

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic levels were measured by an agar diffusion method.

T90048

352437-352497

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic levels were measured by an agar diffusion method.

TextSentencer_T3032

352498-352535

Sentence

denotes

The mean delta time was 2849/255 min.

T5817

352498-352535

Sentence

denotes

The mean delta time was 2849/255 min.

TextSentencer_T3033

352536-352656

Sentence

denotes

The values for plasma, bile fluid and gall bladder tissue, were 33.69/28.5, 6.69/4.3 and 16.19/12.9 mg/ml, respectively.

T27328

352536-352656

Sentence

denotes

The values for plasma, bile fluid and gall bladder tissue, were 33.69/28.5, 6.69/4.3 and 16.19/12.9 mg/ml, respectively.

TextSentencer_T3034

352657-352699

Sentence

denotes

The plasma/bile fluid ratio was 2.69/ 2.4.

T41510

352657-352699

Sentence

denotes

The plasma/bile fluid ratio was 2.69/ 2.4.

TextSentencer_T3035

352700-352814

Sentence

denotes

There was a significant correlation between plasma and gall bladder tissue concentration (r0/0.771, P0/ B/0.0001).

T39313

352700-352814

Sentence

denotes

There was a significant correlation between plasma and gall bladder tissue concentration (r0/0.771, P0/ B/0.0001).

TextSentencer_T3036

352815-352899

Sentence

denotes

A correlation between bile fluid and plasma cefepime concentration was not observed.

T48015

352815-352899

Sentence

denotes

A correlation between bile fluid and plasma cefepime concentration was not observed.

TextSentencer_T3037

352900-353135

Sentence

denotes

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from previous in vitro studies indicate that the cefepime concentration observed in plasma bile and tissue samples of this study would be adequate against typical biliary tract pathogens.

T24029

352900-353135

Sentence

denotes

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from previous in vitro studies indicate that the cefepime concentration observed in plasma bile and tissue samples of this study would be adequate against typical biliary tract pathogens.

TextSentencer_T3038

353136-353297

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, these cefepime concentrations correlated well with the favorable clinical outcome reported in previous clinical studies in biliary tract infections.

T56901

353136-353297

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, these cefepime concentrations correlated well with the favorable clinical outcome reported in previous clinical studies in biliary tract infections.

TextSentencer_T3039

353298-353524

Sentence

denotes

There was also good correlation between delta time and plasma and tissue concentrations and if the dose were given closer to the time of surgery, cefepime concentration would be higher reducing the possibility of an infection.

T69478

353298-353524

Sentence

denotes

There was also good correlation between delta time and plasma and tissue concentrations and if the dose were given closer to the time of surgery, cefepime concentration would be higher reducing the possibility of an infection.

TextSentencer_T3040

353525-353536

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T50983

353525-353536

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T3041

353537-353652

Sentence

denotes

The use of antibiotics may lead to decreased colonization resistance and increased formation of resistant bacteria.

T8038

353537-353652

Sentence

denotes

The use of antibiotics may lead to decreased colonization resistance and increased formation of resistant bacteria.

TextSentencer_T3042

353653-353718

Sentence

denotes

Present concept was developed to overcome these untoward effects.

T96755

353653-353718

Sentence

denotes

Present concept was developed to overcome these untoward effects.

TextSentencer_T3043

353719-353805

Sentence

denotes

Methods: b-Lactamase of Bacillus licheniformis was overproduced in Bacillus subtilis .

T51195

353719-353805

Sentence

denotes

Methods: b-Lactamase of Bacillus licheniformis was overproduced in Bacillus subtilis .

TextSentencer_T3044

353806-353928

Sentence

denotes

This targeted recombinant b-lactamase enzyme (TRBL) was released in the small bowel from a controlled-release formulation.

T63922

353806-353928

Sentence

denotes

This targeted recombinant b-lactamase enzyme (TRBL) was released in the small bowel from a controlled-release formulation.

TextSentencer_T3045

353929-354086

Sentence

denotes

Beagles (n0/6) were treated BID with either 20 mg/kg ampicillin (i.v.)'/placebo (p.o.), 20 mg/kg ampicillin (i.v.)'/TRBL (p.o.) or only placebo (i.v.'/p.o.).

T51899

353929-354086

Sentence

denotes

Beagles (n0/6) were treated BID with either 20 mg/kg ampicillin (i.v.)'/placebo (p.o.), 20 mg/kg ampicillin (i.v.)'/TRBL (p.o.) or only placebo (i.v.'/p.o.).

TextSentencer_T3046

354087-354124

Sentence

denotes

Stool was collected at days 4 and 10.

T24588

354087-354124

Sentence

denotes

Stool was collected at days 4 and 10.

TextSentencer_T3047

354125-354217

Sentence

denotes

Samples were cultured for total and main groups of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and yeast.

T7024

354125-354217

Sentence

denotes

Samples were cultured for total and main groups of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and yeast.

TextSentencer_T3048

354218-354311

Sentence

denotes

Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) was used to separate the ribosomal RNA genes.

T5204

354218-354311

Sentence

denotes

Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) was used to separate the ribosomal RNA genes.

TextSentencer_T3049

354312-354320

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T13761

354312-354320

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3050

354321-354543

Sentence

denotes

Ampicillin'/placebo group had clearly decreased counts of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria during the treatment, whereas those receiving TRBL had only minor overall changes and some occasional changes by single species.

T5185

354321-354543

Sentence

denotes

Ampicillin'/placebo group had clearly decreased counts of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria during the treatment, whereas those receiving TRBL had only minor overall changes and some occasional changes by single species.

TextSentencer_T3051

354544-354616

Sentence

denotes

Intravenous ampicillin decreased the fecal similarity percentage to 60%.

T41206

354544-354616

Sentence

denotes

Intravenous ampicillin decreased the fecal similarity percentage to 60%.

TextSentencer_T3052

354617-354731

Sentence

denotes

The similarity percentage during treatment with ampicillin'/TRBL did not differ from that of placebo (86 vs. 81%).

T72382

354617-354731

Sentence

denotes

The similarity percentage during treatment with ampicillin'/TRBL did not differ from that of placebo (86 vs. 81%).

TextSentencer_T3053

354732-354744

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T50301

354732-354744

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3054

354745-354841

Sentence

denotes

According to our results the TRBL can maintain the large intestinal microflora almost unchanged.

T67109

354745-354841

Sentence

denotes

According to our results the TRBL can maintain the large intestinal microflora almost unchanged.

TextSentencer_T3055

354842-355001

Sentence

denotes

These results indicate that TRBL is a promising novel approach for overcoming the ecological adverse effects on gut flora caused by b-lactam antibiotic agents.

T8758

354842-355001

Sentence

denotes

These results indicate that TRBL is a promising novel approach for overcoming the ecological adverse effects on gut flora caused by b-lactam antibiotic agents.

TextSentencer_T3056

355002-355164

Sentence

denotes

Adamis Since broad-spectrum â-lactams combined with amikacin are often applied for nosocomial infections, their pharmacokinetic interactions might be interesting.

T57139

355002-355164

Sentence

denotes

Adamis Since broad-spectrum â-lactams combined with amikacin are often applied for nosocomial infections, their pharmacokinetic interactions might be interesting.

TextSentencer_T3057

355165-355293

Sentence

denotes

One gram of aztreonam and 0.5 g of amikacin were administered intravenously single and in combination in six healthy volunteers.

T48199

355165-355293

Sentence

denotes

One gram of aztreonam and 0.5 g of amikacin were administered intravenously single and in combination in six healthy volunteers.

TextSentencer_T3058

355294-355507

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were collected at regular time intervals and concentrations of antimicrobials were determined by a microbiological assay applying a strain developing resistance to single agent after serial passages.

T60751

355294-355507

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were collected at regular time intervals and concentrations of antimicrobials were determined by a microbiological assay applying a strain developing resistance to single agent after serial passages.

TextSentencer_T3059

355508-355778

Sentence

denotes

Mean concentrations of amikacin in serum when administered alone and in combination with aztreonam were 26.2 and 20.3, 11.8 and 12.3, 8.4 and 12.2, 6 .3 and 9.7, 1.8 and 4.3 and 0 and 1.3 mg/ml immediately after and 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after infusion of antimicrobials.

T97684

355508-355778

Sentence

denotes

Mean concentrations of amikacin in serum when administered alone and in combination with aztreonam were 26.2 and 20.3, 11.8 and 12.3, 8.4 and 12.2, 6 .3 and 9.7, 1.8 and 4.3 and 0 and 1.3 mg/ml immediately after and 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after infusion of antimicrobials.

TextSentencer_T3060

355779-355918

Sentence

denotes

Respective concentrations of aztreonam were 63.5 and 25.3, 27.5 and 21.6, 24.2 and 10.5, 19.5 and 13.6, 5.8 and 4.4 and 1.8 and 4 .0 mg/ml.

T23558

355779-355918

Sentence

denotes

Respective concentrations of aztreonam were 63.5 and 25.3, 27.5 and 21.6, 24.2 and 10.5, 19.5 and 13.6, 5.8 and 4.4 and 1.8 and 4 .0 mg/ml.

TextSentencer_T3061

355919-356046

Sentence

denotes

AUCs for amikacin when administered alone and in combination with aztreonam were 35.59/10.9 and 50.59/7.8 mg h/l, respectively.

T79902

355919-356046

Sentence

denotes

AUCs for amikacin when administered alone and in combination with aztreonam were 35.59/10.9 and 50.59/7.8 mg h/l, respectively.

TextSentencer_T3062

356047-356114

Sentence

denotes

Respective AUC for aztreonam were 99.79/35.2 and 76.49/31.5 mg h/l.

T21926

356047-356114

Sentence

denotes

Respective AUC for aztreonam were 99.79/35.2 and 76.49/31.5 mg h/l.

TextSentencer_T3063

356115-356319

Sentence

denotes

It is concluded that the co-administration of aztreonam and amikacin results in earlier clearance of aztreonam and in higher levels of amikacin compared to the administration of each single antimicrobial.

T87034

356115-356319

Sentence

denotes

It is concluded that the co-administration of aztreonam and amikacin results in earlier clearance of aztreonam and in higher levels of amikacin compared to the administration of each single antimicrobial.

TextSentencer_T3064

356320-356496

Sentence

denotes

Molecular modelling of b-lactams reveals the structural basis for their inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins, susceptibility to b-lactamases and oral bioavailability PM110

T60000

356320-356496

Sentence

denotes

Molecular modelling of b-lactams reveals the structural basis for their inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins, susceptibility to b-lactamases and oral bioavailability PM110

TextSentencer_T3065

356497-356525

Sentence

denotes

Grail BM, Gupta S, Payne JW.

T48526

356497-356525

Sentence

denotes

Grail BM, Gupta S, Payne JW.

TextSentencer_T3066

356526-356733

Sentence

denotes

School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK b-Lactam antibiotics are peptide mimetics that act as suicide substrates for transpeptidase enzymes that cross link bacterial cellwall peptides.

T24034

356526-356733

Sentence

denotes

School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK b-Lactam antibiotics are peptide mimetics that act as suicide substrates for transpeptidase enzymes that cross link bacterial cellwall peptides.

TextSentencer_T3067

356734-356994

Sentence

denotes

For the first time, the structural and electronic features needed for their recognition by transpeptidase have been fully described, using innovative molecular modelling techniques to compare the conformational forms adopted by cell-wall peptides and blactams.

T31783

356734-356994

Sentence

denotes

For the first time, the structural and electronic features needed for their recognition by transpeptidase have been fully described, using innovative molecular modelling techniques to compare the conformational forms adopted by cell-wall peptides and blactams.

TextSentencer_T3068

356995-357245

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of features in the backbone and C-terminal regions of conformers of active b-lactam antibiotics and model cellwall peptides, has allowed definition of the molecular recognition template required for substrate recognition by transpeptidase.

T76752

356995-357245

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of features in the backbone and C-terminal regions of conformers of active b-lactam antibiotics and model cellwall peptides, has allowed definition of the molecular recognition template required for substrate recognition by transpeptidase.

TextSentencer_T3069

357246-357349

Sentence

denotes

These shared structural features allow both to act as substrates and to acylate the active-site serine.

T89251

357246-357349

Sentence

denotes

These shared structural features allow both to act as substrates and to acylate the active-site serine.

TextSentencer_T3070

357350-357593

Sentence

denotes

However, a significant difference in a critical backbone torsion between the two substrates, provides an explanation for the inability of the enzyme Á/antibiotic complex to undergo the deacylation step that causes inhibition of transpeptidase.

T2125

357350-357593

Sentence

denotes

However, a significant difference in a critical backbone torsion between the two substrates, provides an explanation for the inability of the enzyme Á/antibiotic complex to undergo the deacylation step that causes inhibition of transpeptidase.

TextSentencer_T3071

357594-357826

Sentence

denotes

On the other hand, b-lactamases appear to have evolved molecular mechanisms that facilitate the deacylation reaction through compensating for the altered structural orientations in b-lactams caused by the different backbone torsion.

T49712

357594-357826

Sentence

denotes

On the other hand, b-lactamases appear to have evolved molecular mechanisms that facilitate the deacylation reaction through compensating for the altered structural orientations in b-lactams caused by the different backbone torsion.

TextSentencer_T3072

357827-358053

Sentence

denotes

Finally, analysis of the conformer repertoires of blactams for structural features required for substrate uptake by peptide transporters, provides insights into how their structures can be tailored for optimal oral absorption.

T46524

357827-358053

Sentence

denotes

Finally, analysis of the conformer repertoires of blactams for structural features required for substrate uptake by peptide transporters, provides insights into how their structures can be tailored for optimal oral absorption.

TextSentencer_T3073

358054-358191

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) PM111 Objectives:

T82108

358054-358191

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) PM111 Objectives:

TextSentencer_T3074

358192-358340

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobials of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infections.

T85010

358192-358340

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobials of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infections.

TextSentencer_T3075

358341-358349

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T61656

358341-358349

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3076

358350-358504

Sentence

denotes

We studied the susceptibility profile of ESBL positive P. mirabilis strains in three adopted children from India with age range from 20 months to 2 years.

T13624

358350-358504

Sentence

denotes

We studied the susceptibility profile of ESBL positive P. mirabilis strains in three adopted children from India with age range from 20 months to 2 years.

TextSentencer_T3077

358505-358999

Sentence

denotes

ESBL was identified using the synergic effect of clavulanate with betalactams (ceftazidime and cefotaxime The in vivo efficacy of amoxicillin (AMX) sub-therapeutic doses (3.12 mg/kg, t.i.d for 48 h, achieving serum levels over the MIC of only 3% of the dosing interval) and concomitant specific serotherapy (single intraperitoneal dose of 1/4 diluted hyperimmune serum (HS) obtained from mice immunized with the heat-inactivated strain) was assessed in a pneumococcal sepsis BALB/c mouse model.

T19912

358505-358999

Sentence

denotes

ESBL was identified using the synergic effect of clavulanate with betalactams (ceftazidime and cefotaxime The in vivo efficacy of amoxicillin (AMX) sub-therapeutic doses (3.12 mg/kg, t.i.d for 48 h, achieving serum levels over the MIC of only 3% of the dosing interval) and concomitant specific serotherapy (single intraperitoneal dose of 1/4 diluted hyperimmune serum (HS) obtained from mice immunized with the heat-inactivated strain) was assessed in a pneumococcal sepsis BALB/c mouse model.

TextSentencer_T3078

359000-359194

Sentence

denotes

Mice (five mice/ treatment group) were intraperitoneally infected with 1.5 )/10 8 cfu/ ml of a serotype 6B penicillin-resistant strain (MIC of 2 and 4 mg/l for penicillin and AMX, respectively).

T48712

359000-359194

Sentence

denotes

Mice (five mice/ treatment group) were intraperitoneally infected with 1.5 )/10 8 cfu/ ml of a serotype 6B penicillin-resistant strain (MIC of 2 and 4 mg/l for penicillin and AMX, respectively).

TextSentencer_T3079

359195-359246

Sentence

denotes

Treatments started 1 h after bacterial inoculation.

T32966

359195-359246

Sentence

denotes

Treatments started 1 h after bacterial inoculation.

TextSentencer_T3080

359247-359338

Sentence

denotes

Study groups were: control (K; receiving nonimmune serum (NHS)), AMX'/NHS, HS, and AMX'/HS.

T82119

359247-359338

Sentence

denotes

Study groups were: control (K; receiving nonimmune serum (NHS)), AMX'/NHS, HS, and AMX'/HS.

TextSentencer_T3081

359339-359373

Sentence

denotes

Survival rates (%) over time were:

T25515

359339-359373

Sentence

denotes

Survival rates (%) over time were:

TextSentencer_T3082

359374-359395

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

T64294

359374-359395

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T3083

359396-359656

Sentence

denotes

The study was performed to determine the consumption of imipenem and resistance of gram-negative pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis , Serratia marcescens , Enterobacter sp. ) to imipenem.

T47367

359396-359656

Sentence

denotes

The study was performed to determine the consumption of imipenem and resistance of gram-negative pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis , Serratia marcescens , Enterobacter sp. ) to imipenem.

TextSentencer_T3084

359657-359780

Sentence

denotes

Gram-negative pathogens were isolated at the Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital from Zagreb, Croatia, in 1999 and 2000.

T96650

359657-359780

Sentence

denotes

Gram-negative pathogens were isolated at the Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital from Zagreb, Croatia, in 1999 and 2000.

TextSentencer_T3085

359781-359866

Sentence

denotes

The imipenem sensitivity testing was performed by disk diffusion and E -test methods.

T68479

359781-359866

Sentence

denotes

The imipenem sensitivity testing was performed by disk diffusion and E -test methods.

TextSentencer_T3086

359867-359954

Sentence

denotes

The consumption of imipenem was expressed in DDD/100 hospital days in the same periods.

T92378

359867-359954

Sentence

denotes

The consumption of imipenem was expressed in DDD/100 hospital days in the same periods.

TextSentencer_T3087

359955-359972

Sentence

denotes

Results obtained:

T31548

359955-359972

Sentence

denotes

Results obtained:

TextSentencer_T3088

359973-360166

Sentence

denotes

Imipenem resistance of Acinetobacter sp. decreased significantly in the year 2000 (P0/0.0052), especially in the first 6 months (P 0/0.021) when the lowest consumption of imipenem was recorded.

T20934

359973-360166

Sentence

denotes

Imipenem resistance of Acinetobacter sp. decreased significantly in the year 2000 (P0/0.0052), especially in the first 6 months (P 0/0.021) when the lowest consumption of imipenem was recorded.

TextSentencer_T3089

360167-360251

Sentence

denotes

Imipenem resistance of other gram-negative pathogens did not decrease significantly.

T64737

360167-360251

Sentence

denotes

Imipenem resistance of other gram-negative pathogens did not decrease significantly.

TextSentencer_T3090

360252-360271

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion reached:

T44486

360252-360271

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion reached:

TextSentencer_T3091

360272-360372

Sentence

denotes

Comsumption of imipenem might lead to changes in resistance to imipenem among Acinetobacter strains.

T86237

360272-360372

Sentence

denotes

Comsumption of imipenem might lead to changes in resistance to imipenem among Acinetobacter strains.

TextSentencer_T3092

360373-360404

Sentence

denotes

Vacheva-Dobrevski RS, Savov EZ.

T70602

360373-360404

Sentence

denotes

Vacheva-Dobrevski RS, Savov EZ.

TextSentencer_T3093

360405-360469

Sentence

denotes

Military Medical Academy, Clinical Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria

T81646

360405-360469

Sentence

denotes

Military Medical Academy, Clinical Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria

TextSentencer_T3094

360470-360478

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T87206

360470-360478

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3095

360479-360658

Sentence

denotes

Acinetobacter baumanii is becoming increasingly frequent nosocomial pathogen at our hospital, and beta-lactam resistant strains are on the increase, especially among icu isolates.

T17084

360479-360658

Sentence

denotes

Acinetobacter baumanii is becoming increasingly frequent nosocomial pathogen at our hospital, and beta-lactam resistant strains are on the increase, especially among icu isolates.

TextSentencer_T3096

360659-360798

Sentence

denotes

To study the susceptibility of A. baumanii clinical isolates to beta-lactams and to determine the ESBL-producing strains during 2001, year.

T81342

360659-360798

Sentence

denotes

To study the susceptibility of A. baumanii clinical isolates to beta-lactams and to determine the ESBL-producing strains during 2001, year.

TextSentencer_T3097

360799-360927

Sentence

denotes

A total 438 Gram-negative nonfermenters (GNNF) isolates was investigated by semiautomated Mini API System (Bio Merieux, France).

T78769

360799-360927

Sentence

denotes

A total 438 Gram-negative nonfermenters (GNNF) isolates was investigated by semiautomated Mini API System (Bio Merieux, France).

TextSentencer_T3098

360928-361079

Sentence

denotes

Eighty-four A. baumanii non-repeated isolates was studied for ESBL-producing by Double-disk synergy test (DDT) and ATB-BLSE test (Bio Merieux, France).

T32264

360928-361079

Sentence

denotes

Eighty-four A. baumanii non-repeated isolates was studied for ESBL-producing by Double-disk synergy test (DDT) and ATB-BLSE test (Bio Merieux, France).

TextSentencer_T3099

361080-361150

Sentence

denotes

MICs for beta-lactams were determined by E -test (AB Biodisk, Sweden).

T9101

361080-361150

Sentence

denotes

MICs for beta-lactams were determined by E -test (AB Biodisk, Sweden).

TextSentencer_T3100

361151-361210

Sentence

denotes

Results: A. baumanii (n0/84) showed a multidrug resistance.

T65249

361151-361210

Sentence

denotes

Results: A. baumanii (n0/84) showed a multidrug resistance.

TextSentencer_T3101

361211-361379

Sentence

denotes

The isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (79%), cefoxitin (96%), ceftazidime (49%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (76%), piperacillin (72%), aztreonam (84%), imipenem (12%).

T66493

361211-361379

Sentence

denotes

The isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (79%), cefoxitin (96%), ceftazidime (49%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (76%), piperacillin (72%), aztreonam (84%), imipenem (12%).

TextSentencer_T3102

361380-361491

Sentence

denotes

The 32 (38%) of investigated A. baumanii expressed ESBL activity and originated more frequently from ICU (78%).

T2493

361380-361491

Sentence

denotes

The 32 (38%) of investigated A. baumanii expressed ESBL activity and originated more frequently from ICU (78%).

TextSentencer_T3103

361492-361607

Sentence

denotes

ESBLs producing strains were isolated from endotracheal aspirate (52%), surgery wounds (29%), blood culture (5.7%).

T8317

361492-361607

Sentence

denotes

ESBLs producing strains were isolated from endotracheal aspirate (52%), surgery wounds (29%), blood culture (5.7%).

TextSentencer_T3104

361608-361620

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T63118

361608-361620

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3105

361621-361711

Sentence

denotes

In general resistance levels were higher in clinical isolates A. baumanii to beta-lactams.

T72899

361621-361711

Sentence

denotes

In general resistance levels were higher in clinical isolates A. baumanii to beta-lactams.

TextSentencer_T3106

361712-361805

Sentence

denotes

The DDT seems to be a practical method for ESBL-screening; ATB-BLSE method is more sensitive.

T608

361712-361805

Sentence

denotes

The DDT seems to be a practical method for ESBL-screening; ATB-BLSE method is more sensitive.

TextSentencer_T3107

361806-361902

Sentence

denotes

Our study display to be the first report of ESBL-producing A. baumanii strains from our country.

T51478

361806-361902

Sentence

denotes

Our study display to be the first report of ESBL-producing A. baumanii strains from our country.

TextSentencer_T3108

361903-361971

Sentence

denotes

Carbapenems seems to be the most active agents against A. baumanii .

T86205

361903-361971

Sentence

denotes

Carbapenems seems to be the most active agents against A. baumanii .

TextSentencer_T3109

361972-362079

Sentence

denotes

Salmonella infantis , strain 111, was isolated from a newborn baby at Wassila Bourguiba Maternity in Tunis.

T82115

361972-362079

Sentence

denotes

Salmonella infantis , strain 111, was isolated from a newborn baby at Wassila Bourguiba Maternity in Tunis.

TextSentencer_T3110

362080-362275

Sentence

denotes

It exhibited high resistance to penicillins, extended-spectrum cephalosporines (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefpirome) and aztreonam but remained susceptible to cefoxitine and imipenem.

T90746

362080-362275

Sentence

denotes

It exhibited high resistance to penicillins, extended-spectrum cephalosporines (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefpirome) and aztreonam but remained susceptible to cefoxitine and imipenem.

TextSentencer_T3111

362276-362387

Sentence

denotes

Involvement and characterization of enzymatic mechanism in b-lactam resistance were investigated in strain 111.

T54204

362276-362387

Sentence

denotes

Involvement and characterization of enzymatic mechanism in b-lactam resistance were investigated in strain 111.

TextSentencer_T3112

362388-362465

Sentence

denotes

Isoelectricfocusing revealed that this strain produced a b-lactamase of pI 6.

T63500

362388-362465

Sentence

denotes

Isoelectricfocusing revealed that this strain produced a b-lactamase of pI 6.

TextSentencer_T3113

362466-362637

Sentence

denotes

This enzyme had a broad-substrate profile, hydrolyzing amoxicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, cephaloridine, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpirome and ceftazidime.

T29135

362466-362637

Sentence

denotes

This enzyme had a broad-substrate profile, hydrolyzing amoxicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, cephaloridine, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpirome and ceftazidime.

TextSentencer_T3114

362638-362697

Sentence

denotes

The highest specific activity was observed with ampicillin.

T45129

362638-362697

Sentence

denotes

The highest specific activity was observed with ampicillin.

TextSentencer_T3115

362698-362785

Sentence

denotes

Cefotaxime was hydrolyzed the most efficiently of the extended-spectum cephalosporines.

T14433

362698-362785

Sentence

denotes

Cefotaxime was hydrolyzed the most efficiently of the extended-spectum cephalosporines.

TextSentencer_T3116

362786-362879

Sentence

denotes

The pI 6 extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) was inhibited by clavulanic acid and sulbactam.

T77206

362786-362879

Sentence

denotes

The pI 6 extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) was inhibited by clavulanic acid and sulbactam.

TextSentencer_T3117

362880-362934

Sentence

denotes

No inhibition of the ESBL was observed with 1 mM EDTA.

T64078

362880-362934

Sentence

denotes

No inhibition of the ESBL was observed with 1 mM EDTA.

TextSentencer_T3118

362935-363001

Sentence

denotes

Thus, no metal ion is involved in hydrolysis for this b-lactamase.

T35201

362935-363001

Sentence

denotes

Thus, no metal ion is involved in hydrolysis for this b-lactamase.

TextSentencer_T3119

363002-363108

Sentence

denotes

Resistance due to the production of the pI 6 ESBL was transferred with DNA plasmid into Escherichia coli .

T95733

363002-363108

Sentence

denotes

Resistance due to the production of the pI 6 ESBL was transferred with DNA plasmid into Escherichia coli .

TextSentencer_T3120

363109-363251

Sentence

denotes

On the basis of substrate and inhibition profiles and isoelectric point, the pI 6 ESBL was not previously described in S. infantis in Tunisia.

T52186

363109-363251

Sentence

denotes

On the basis of substrate and inhibition profiles and isoelectric point, the pI 6 ESBL was not previously described in S. infantis in Tunisia.

TextSentencer_T3121

363252-363390

Sentence

denotes

The presence of such a resistance on a plasmid raises concer for rapid dissemination among bacteria and loss of effectiveness of blactams.

T17071

363252-363390

Sentence

denotes

The presence of such a resistance on a plasmid raises concer for rapid dissemination among bacteria and loss of effectiveness of blactams.

TextSentencer_T3122

363391-363762

Sentence

denotes

Poizot-Martin I a , Enel P b , Benhaïm S c , Vion-Dury F c , Dinh T c , Drogoul MP c , Gastaut JA c . a Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CISIH Sud, Pr JA Gastaut, Marseille, France , b Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Cellule Santé Publique DMI2, Marseille, France , c Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CISIH Sud, Marseille, France Objective:

T46543

363391-363762

Sentence

denotes

Poizot-Martin I a , Enel P b , Benhaïm S c , Vion-Dury F c , Dinh T c , Drogoul MP c , Gastaut JA c . a Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CISIH Sud, Pr JA Gastaut, Marseille, France , b Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Cellule Santé Publique DMI2, Marseille, France , c Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CISIH Sud, Marseille, France Objective:

TextSentencer_T3123

363763-363900

Sentence

denotes

To assess liver biopsy (LB) practices in a cohort of 255 co-infected HCV and HIV patients followed up in an HIV specialized medical unit.

T14389

363763-363900

Sentence

denotes

To assess liver biopsy (LB) practices in a cohort of 255 co-infected HCV and HIV patients followed up in an HIV specialized medical unit.

TextSentencer_T3124

363901-363908

Sentence

denotes

Method:

T32984

363901-363908

Sentence

denotes

Method:

TextSentencer_T3125

363909-364031

Sentence

denotes

Transversal study with questionnaire among patients in pre-therapeutic's evaluation with PCR'/ and without LB at 6 months.

T19712

363909-364031

Sentence

denotes

Transversal study with questionnaire among patients in pre-therapeutic's evaluation with PCR'/ and without LB at 6 months.

TextSentencer_T3126

364032-364040

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T48149

364032-364040

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3127

364041-364144

Sentence

denotes

Among the 255 patients, 28 (11%) are lost of follow up, 159 (62.3%) have had LB, 68 (26.2%) have no LB.

T11665

364041-364144

Sentence

denotes

Among the 255 patients, 28 (11%) are lost of follow up, 159 (62.3%) have had LB, 68 (26.2%) have no LB.

TextSentencer_T3128

364145-364407

Sentence

denotes

The characteristics of these 68 patients are: median age 0/38.59/6 years; sex ratio 0/2.14, CDC-stage A0/33.3% B 0/47.0% C 0/19.7%, undetectable viral load0/33.3%, median CD40/3269/204, anti-retroviral therapy0/ 95.5%, HCV-genotype 10/46.7%; 3a0/31.7%; 40/21.7%.

T64920

364145-364407

Sentence

denotes

The characteristics of these 68 patients are: median age 0/38.59/6 years; sex ratio 0/2.14, CDC-stage A0/33.3% B 0/47.0% C 0/19.7%, undetectable viral load0/33.3%, median CD40/3269/204, anti-retroviral therapy0/ 95.5%, HCV-genotype 10/46.7%; 3a0/31.7%; 40/21.7%.

TextSentencer_T3129

364408-364833

Sentence

denotes

Causes of non-made LB are: (1) refusal from patients because of biopsy's fear0/ 35.3%; (2) contraindications because of HIV infection0/33.8% (clinical events0/16.2% which contraindicate anti-HCV treatment, grade III thrombocytopenia0/8.8% which contraindicate biopsy, non-adherence to previous HIV follow up0/8.8%); (3) other0/30.9% (alcoholism0/13.2%, psychiatric/depressive disorders0/11.8%, decompensated cirrhosis0/5.9%).

T51906

364408-364833

Sentence

denotes

Causes of non-made LB are: (1) refusal from patients because of biopsy's fear0/ 35.3%; (2) contraindications because of HIV infection0/33.8% (clinical events0/16.2% which contraindicate anti-HCV treatment, grade III thrombocytopenia0/8.8% which contraindicate biopsy, non-adherence to previous HIV follow up0/8.8%); (3) other0/30.9% (alcoholism0/13.2%, psychiatric/depressive disorders0/11.8%, decompensated cirrhosis0/5.9%).

TextSentencer_T3130

364834-364919

Sentence

denotes

Drug use or methadone/buprenorphine treatment are not considered as contraindication.

T48950

364834-364919

Sentence

denotes

Drug use or methadone/buprenorphine treatment are not considered as contraindication.

TextSentencer_T3131

364920-364931

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T3645

364920-364931

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3132

364932-364971

Sentence

denotes

One-third of patients are afraid of LB.

T73986

364932-364971

Sentence

denotes

One-third of patients are afraid of LB.

TextSentencer_T3133

364972-365078

Sentence

denotes

Alcoholism and psychiatric/depressive disorders are the principal contraindications to anti-HCV treatment.

T30715

364972-365078

Sentence

denotes

Alcoholism and psychiatric/depressive disorders are the principal contraindications to anti-HCV treatment.

TextSentencer_T3134

365079-365233

Sentence

denotes

It seems important to improve information of patients about LB and to focus on alcohol and psychiatric/depressive disorders management in such population.

T58171

365079-365233

Sentence

denotes

It seems important to improve information of patients about LB and to focus on alcohol and psychiatric/depressive disorders management in such population.

TextSentencer_T3135

365234-365462

Sentence

denotes

Kashiwagi KK a , Furusyo NF a , Nakashima HN a , Kashiwagi SK b , Hayashi JH a . a Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan , b National Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan

T24789

365234-365462

Sentence

denotes

Kashiwagi KK a , Furusyo NF a , Nakashima HN a , Kashiwagi SK b , Hayashi JH a . a Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan , b National Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan

TextSentencer_T3136

365463-365488

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

T52310

365463-365488

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T3137

365489-365638

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this prospective study was to explore the effect of HTLV-I co-infection on the development of HCC among patients with chronic HCV viremia.

T35757

365489-365638

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this prospective study was to explore the effect of HTLV-I co-infection on the development of HCC among patients with chronic HCV viremia.

TextSentencer_T3138

365639-365761

Sentence

denotes

A total of 764 consecutive patients with chronic HCV viremia were studied and followed-up over a mean period of 5.1 years:

T88150

365639-365761

Sentence

denotes

A total of 764 consecutive patients with chronic HCV viremia were studied and followed-up over a mean period of 5.1 years:

TextSentencer_T3139

365762-365835

Sentence

denotes

172 (22.5%) were infected with HTLV-I infection and 592 (77.5%) were not.

T72147

365762-365835

Sentence

denotes

172 (22.5%) were infected with HTLV-I infection and 592 (77.5%) were not.

TextSentencer_T3140

365836-365987

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained the annual HCC development rate was 3.4% in patients co-infected with HCV and HTLV-I and 1.4% in patients infected with HCV alone.

T9867

365836-365987

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained the annual HCC development rate was 3.4% in patients co-infected with HCV and HTLV-I and 1.4% in patients infected with HCV alone.

TextSentencer_T3141

365988-366161

Sentence

denotes

HCC was significantly higher in 33 (19.2%) of the 172 patients co-infected patients than in 39 (6.6%) of the 592 patients infected with HCV alone (P B/ 0.001, Logrank test).

T85249

365988-366161

Sentence

denotes

HCC was significantly higher in 33 (19.2%) of the 172 patients co-infected patients than in 39 (6.6%) of the 592 patients infected with HCV alone (P B/ 0.001, Logrank test).

TextSentencer_T3142

366162-366563

Sentence

denotes

In patients under the age of 55 years, HCC development was significantly higher in seven (17.1%) of 19 patients co-infected with HCV and HTLV-I than in eight (2.9%) of 220 patients with HCV alone (PB/ 0.05, Logrank test), whereas there was no significant difference in HCC development between patients over age 55 with or without HTLV-I infection (26 (2.0%) of 131 and 31 (9.9%) of 312, respectively).

T29273

366162-366563

Sentence

denotes

In patients under the age of 55 years, HCC development was significantly higher in seven (17.1%) of 19 patients co-infected with HCV and HTLV-I than in eight (2.9%) of 220 patients with HCV alone (PB/ 0.05, Logrank test), whereas there was no significant difference in HCC development between patients over age 55 with or without HTLV-I infection (26 (2.0%) of 131 and 31 (9.9%) of 312, respectively).

TextSentencer_T3143

366564-366716

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached HTLV-I infection accelerates the development of HCC in chronic HCV patients, especially among patients under the age of 55 years.

T13434

366564-366716

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached HTLV-I infection accelerates the development of HCC in chronic HCV patients, especially among patients under the age of 55 years.

TextSentencer_T3144

366717-366976

Sentence

denotes

To analyze HBV genotype-related clinical differences among patients with chronic HBV infection, all 158 patients were serially tested for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and followed up for a mean 10.8 (6.4) year period.

T99850

366717-366976

Sentence

denotes

To analyze HBV genotype-related clinical differences among patients with chronic HBV infection, all 158 patients were serially tested for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and followed up for a mean 10.8 (6.4) year period.

TextSentencer_T3145

366977-367066

Sentence

denotes

Genotypes B and C were found in 58 (36.7%) and 100 (63.3%) of the patients, respectively.

T11956

366977-367066

Sentence

denotes

Genotypes B and C were found in 58 (36.7%) and 100 (63.3%) of the patients, respectively.

TextSentencer_T3146

367067-367260

Sentence

denotes

HBeAg positivity and ALT abnormality rates at the start of the observation period were significantly higher in genotype C patients (66.0 and 84.0%) than in genotype B patients (34.5 and 22.4%).

T84048

367067-367260

Sentence

denotes

HBeAg positivity and ALT abnormality rates at the start of the observation period were significantly higher in genotype C patients (66.0 and 84.0%) than in genotype B patients (34.5 and 22.4%).

TextSentencer_T3147

367261-367413

Sentence

denotes

The annual rate of spontaneous HBeAg disappearance in genotype B patients was much higher than in genotype C patients (8.38 versus 2.34%, respectively).

T58195

367261-367413

Sentence

denotes

The annual rate of spontaneous HBeAg disappearance in genotype B patients was much higher than in genotype C patients (8.38 versus 2.34%, respectively).

TextSentencer_T3148

367414-367571

Sentence

denotes

Patients with genotype C who were continuously HBeAg negative from entry had significantly higher ALT abnormality (58.8%) than those with genotype B (19.2%).

T36733

367414-367571

Sentence

denotes

Patients with genotype C who were continuously HBeAg negative from entry had significantly higher ALT abnormality (58.8%) than those with genotype B (19.2%).

TextSentencer_T3149

367572-367695

Sentence

denotes

Interestingly, patients with genotype C who became HBeAg negative by interferon treatment had high ALT abnormality (58.8%).

T8264

367572-367695

Sentence

denotes

Interestingly, patients with genotype C who became HBeAg negative by interferon treatment had high ALT abnormality (58.8%).

TextSentencer_T3150

367696-367758

Sentence

denotes

All patients with ALT abnormality were serum HBV DNA positive.

T76493

367696-367758

Sentence

denotes

All patients with ALT abnormality were serum HBV DNA positive.

TextSentencer_T3151

367759-367948

Sentence

denotes

These findings indicate that HBV genotype C patients are more severe liver deterioration because of the delay of HBeAg disappearance and continued HBV replication after HBeAg disappearance.

T1218

367759-367948

Sentence

denotes

These findings indicate that HBV genotype C patients are more severe liver deterioration because of the delay of HBeAg disappearance and continued HBV replication after HBeAg disappearance.

TextSentencer_T3152

367949-368028

Sentence

denotes

Nossik NN a , Nebolsin VE b , Zheltukhina GA c , Yevstigneeva RP c . a The D.I.

T46838

367949-368028

Sentence

denotes

Nossik NN a , Nebolsin VE b , Zheltukhina GA c , Yevstigneeva RP c . a The D.I.

TextSentencer_T3153

368029-368282

Sentence

denotes

Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Viral Reproduction, Moscow, Russian Federation , b Pparminterprisis Co., Chemistry, Mocow, Russian Federation , c Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Piptide Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation Objective:

T30689

368029-368282

Sentence

denotes

Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Viral Reproduction, Moscow, Russian Federation , b Pparminterprisis Co., Chemistry, Mocow, Russian Federation , c Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Piptide Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation Objective:

TextSentencer_T3154

368283-368515

Sentence

denotes

To study the effects of 'gamma'-L-Glutamylhistamine (Glu-HA) derivates on non-specific immunity ('alfa'-IFN, 'gamma'-IFN and NK cell activity) and antiviral activity on the experimental influenza and herpes virus infections in mice.

T23750

368283-368515

Sentence

denotes

To study the effects of 'gamma'-L-Glutamylhistamine (Glu-HA) derivates on non-specific immunity ('alfa'-IFN, 'gamma'-IFN and NK cell activity) and antiviral activity on the experimental influenza and herpes virus infections in mice.

TextSentencer_T3155

368516-368600

Sentence

denotes

The Glu-YA and its derivate Glu-II were synthesized by peptide chemistry techniques.

T59289

368516-368600

Sentence

denotes

The Glu-YA and its derivate Glu-II were synthesized by peptide chemistry techniques.

TextSentencer_T3156

368601-368644

Sentence

denotes

The Glu-HA and Glu-II was administered i.p.

T70722

368601-368644

Sentence

denotes

The Glu-HA and Glu-II was administered i.p.

TextSentencer_T3157

368645-368854

Sentence

denotes

0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg before and after influenza virus (type A/Aichi) and showed a protective effect even at the high infective dose (100LD50) */the rate of protection0/ 42 Á/51/60% in the positive/control group.

T9452

368645-368854

Sentence

denotes

0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg before and after influenza virus (type A/Aichi) and showed a protective effect even at the high infective dose (100LD50) */the rate of protection0/ 42 Á/51/60% in the positive/control group.

TextSentencer_T3158

368855-368947

Sentence

denotes

They were not very effective in the protection of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in mice.

T44637

368855-368947

Sentence

denotes

They were not very effective in the protection of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in mice.

TextSentencer_T3159

368948-369058

Sentence

denotes

The model of the physico-emotional stress in mice was used to investigate the IFN system and NK cell activity.

T20126

368948-369058

Sentence

denotes

The model of the physico-emotional stress in mice was used to investigate the IFN system and NK cell activity.

TextSentencer_T3160

369059-369192

Sentence

denotes

The production of IFNs and NK cell activity of splenocytes decreased in 2 h after the stress and back to normal level in 7 Á/10 days.

T46602

369059-369192

Sentence

denotes

The production of IFNs and NK cell activity of splenocytes decreased in 2 h after the stress and back to normal level in 7 Á/10 days.

TextSentencer_T3161

369193-369389

Sentence

denotes

It was shown that Glu-HA and Glu-II can protect or substantially prevent the decrease in NK cell activity and IFNs synthesis in post-stress period (so normally did not induce the IFNs' synthesis).

T98642

369193-369389

Sentence

denotes

It was shown that Glu-HA and Glu-II can protect or substantially prevent the decrease in NK cell activity and IFNs synthesis in post-stress period (so normally did not induce the IFNs' synthesis).

TextSentencer_T3162

369390-369402

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T9062

369390-369402

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3163

369403-369491

Sentence

denotes

The Glu-HA and Glu-II showed antiviral effect against influenza virus infection in mice.

T50359

369403-369491

Sentence

denotes

The Glu-HA and Glu-II showed antiviral effect against influenza virus infection in mice.

TextSentencer_T3164

369492-369681

Sentence

denotes

The immunomodulating activity and ability to normalize the IFN synthesis and NK cell activity depressed the post-stress period and probably play an essential role in the antiviral activity.

T54442

369492-369681

Sentence

denotes

The immunomodulating activity and ability to normalize the IFN synthesis and NK cell activity depressed the post-stress period and probably play an essential role in the antiviral activity.

TextSentencer_T3165

369682-369795

Sentence

denotes

No dose adjustment of an anti-influenza prodrug oseltamivir is required in patients with hepatic impairment PM120

T60940

369682-369795

Sentence

denotes

No dose adjustment of an anti-influenza prodrug oseltamivir is required in patients with hepatic impairment PM120

TextSentencer_T3166

369796-370015

Sentence

denotes

Oo C a , Snell PR b , Liu B a , Martin D b , Simkins T b , Small I b , Ward P b . a Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Global Development, Nutley, USA , b Roche Products Ltd., Global Development, Welwyn Garden City, UK Background:

T75580

369796-370015

Sentence

denotes

Oo C a , Snell PR b , Liu B a , Martin D b , Simkins T b , Small I b , Ward P b . a Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Global Development, Nutley, USA , b Roche Products Ltd., Global Development, Welwyn Garden City, UK Background:

TextSentencer_T3167

370016-370142

Sentence

denotes

Oseltamivir (OSE; Ro 64-0796, Tamiflu † ) is an oral ethyl ester prodrug of its active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (OC:

T8310

370016-370142

Sentence

denotes

Oseltamivir (OSE; Ro 64-0796, Tamiflu † ) is an oral ethyl ester prodrug of its active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (OC:

TextSentencer_T3168

370143-370226

Sentence

denotes

Ro 64-0802), a potent and selective neuraminidase inhibitor of the influenza virus.

T42137

370143-370226

Sentence

denotes

Ro 64-0802), a potent and selective neuraminidase inhibitor of the influenza virus.

TextSentencer_T3169

370227-370336

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the need for OSE dosage adjustment in hepatic impaired patients (HI).

T4332

370227-370336

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the need for OSE dosage adjustment in hepatic impaired patients (HI).

TextSentencer_T3170

370337-370344

Sentence

denotes

Method:

T39238

370337-370344

Sentence

denotes

Method:

TextSentencer_T3171

370345-370490

Sentence

denotes

Healthy volunteers (HV) versus HI (Child-Pugh Score 7 Á/ 9) [matched on the basis of age (9/10 years), gender and weight (9/ 20%)] were compared.

T64007

370345-370490

Sentence

denotes

Healthy volunteers (HV) versus HI (Child-Pugh Score 7 Á/ 9) [matched on the basis of age (9/10 years), gender and weight (9/ 20%)] were compared.

TextSentencer_T3172

370491-370523

Sentence

denotes

Each subject received 75 mg OSE.

T4458

370491-370523

Sentence

denotes

Each subject received 75 mg OSE.

TextSentencer_T3173

370524-370532

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T5718

370524-370532

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3174

370533-370665

Sentence

denotes

Based on C max (ng/ml) and AUC inf (ng h/ml) analysed using nominal times, LS mean ratios and 90% CI between HI and HV were similar.

T69953

370533-370665

Sentence

denotes

Based on C max (ng/ml) and AUC inf (ng h/ml) analysed using nominal times, LS mean ratios and 90% CI between HI and HV were similar.

TextSentencer_T3175

370666-370757

Sentence

denotes

OSE* values in HI were marginally elevated but not sufficiently to require dose adjustment.

T979

370666-370757

Sentence

denotes

OSE* values in HI were marginally elevated but not sufficiently to require dose adjustment.

TextSentencer_T3176

370758-370945

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of molecular structure of macrocyclic pyridinophanes and their analogs on antiinfluenza and antiherpetic activity of these compounds.

T40047

370758-370945

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of molecular structure of macrocyclic pyridinophanes and their analogs on antiinfluenza and antiherpetic activity of these compounds.

TextSentencer_T3177

370946-371034

Sentence

denotes

We used 4D-QSAR approaches on the basis of simple representation of molecular structure.

T28220

370946-371034

Sentence

denotes

We used 4D-QSAR approaches on the basis of simple representation of molecular structure.

TextSentencer_T3178

371035-371196

Sentence

denotes

Such representation for biologically active substances allows the description of the spatial structure of compounds with the complete stereochemical information.

T31036

371035-371196

Sentence

denotes

Such representation for biologically active substances allows the description of the spatial structure of compounds with the complete stereochemical information.

TextSentencer_T3179

371197-371298

Sentence

denotes

It determines spatial structures either promoting or interfering of the concrete biological activity.

T15579

371197-371298

Sentence

denotes

It determines spatial structures either promoting or interfering of the concrete biological activity.

TextSentencer_T3180

371299-371435

Sentence

denotes

It is easy to realize the molecular design of compounds with the given level of activity with the help of the combinations of simplexes.

T57153

371299-371435

Sentence

denotes

It is easy to realize the molecular design of compounds with the given level of activity with the help of the combinations of simplexes.

TextSentencer_T3181

371436-371555

Sentence

denotes

Statistic characteristics for QSAR of Partial Least-Squares models are satisfactory (R0/0.92 Á/0.97; CVR0/0.76 Á/0.86).

T19301

371436-371555

Sentence

denotes

Statistic characteristics for QSAR of Partial Least-Squares models are satisfactory (R0/0.92 Á/0.97; CVR0/0.76 Á/0.86).

TextSentencer_T3182

371556-371655

Sentence

denotes

The molecular fragments that increase the antiviral activity were defined and will be demonstrated.

T80230

371556-371655

Sentence

denotes

The molecular fragments that increase the antiviral activity were defined and will be demonstrated.

TextSentencer_T3183

371656-371812

Sentence

denotes

This information was used for design and directed synthesis of several novel antiviral agents with predicted high anti-influenza or antiherpetic activities.

T97873

371656-371812

Sentence

denotes

This information was used for design and directed synthesis of several novel antiviral agents with predicted high anti-influenza or antiherpetic activities.

TextSentencer_T3184

371813-371864

Sentence

denotes

Predicted activities were confirmed experimentally.

T81669

371813-371864

Sentence

denotes

Predicted activities were confirmed experimentally.

TextSentencer_T3185

371865-371934

Sentence

denotes

4D-QSAR approaches are useful for development of antiviral compounds.

T32232

371865-371934

Sentence

denotes

4D-QSAR approaches are useful for development of antiviral compounds.

TextSentencer_T3186

371935-372012

Sentence

denotes

This work was partially supported by INTAS foundation (grant INTAS 97-31528).

T72621

371935-372012

Sentence

denotes

This work was partially supported by INTAS foundation (grant INTAS 97-31528).

TextSentencer_T3187

372013-372025

Sentence

denotes

Lozitsky VP.

T74078

372013-372025

Sentence

denotes

Lozitsky VP.

TextSentencer_T3188

372026-372107

Sentence

denotes

Ukrainian Mechnikov Research Anti-Plague Institute, Chemotherapy, Odessa, Ukraine

T21714

372026-372107

Sentence

denotes

Ukrainian Mechnikov Research Anti-Plague Institute, Chemotherapy, Odessa, Ukraine

TextSentencer_T3189

372108-372209

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to research the anti-influenza activity of proteolytic inhibitor E-ACA.

T83096

372108-372209

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of this study was to research the anti-influenza activity of proteolytic inhibitor E-ACA.

TextSentencer_T3190

372210-372355

Sentence

denotes

It prevents the enhancement of proteolysis during the interaction of virions with cell membranes and decreases penetration of virions into cells.

T69587

372210-372355

Sentence

denotes

It prevents the enhancement of proteolysis during the interaction of virions with cell membranes and decreases penetration of virions into cells.

TextSentencer_T3191

372356-372480

Sentence

denotes

E-ACA brings down proteolytic cleavage of HA-precursor to HA-1 and HA-polypeptides and reduces the infectious virus harvest.

T83021

372356-372480

Sentence

denotes

E-ACA brings down proteolytic cleavage of HA-precursor to HA-1 and HA-polypeptides and reduces the infectious virus harvest.

TextSentencer_T3192

372481-372645

Sentence

denotes

It shows the prophylactic and therapeutic action during the experimental influenza reducing the enhancement of alkaline proteases activity in lungs after infection.

T41012

372481-372645

Sentence

denotes

It shows the prophylactic and therapeutic action during the experimental influenza reducing the enhancement of alkaline proteases activity in lungs after infection.

TextSentencer_T3193

372646-372842

Sentence

denotes

E-ACA promotes the intensification of specific antibodies production and cell immunity, prevents vessels' permeability and hemorrhagic phenomena, decreases the destruction of bronchi's epithelium.

T82468

372646-372842

Sentence

denotes

E-ACA promotes the intensification of specific antibodies production and cell immunity, prevents vessels' permeability and hemorrhagic phenomena, decreases the destruction of bronchi's epithelium.

TextSentencer_T3194

372843-372938

Sentence

denotes

It reduces the duration of intoxication, catarrhal instances and hyperthermia in sick children.

T21046

372843-372938

Sentence

denotes

It reduces the duration of intoxication, catarrhal instances and hyperthermia in sick children.

TextSentencer_T3195

372939-373053

Sentence

denotes

E-ACA improves the indexes of immunity, non-specific resistance and decreases the rate of bacterial complications.

T3702

372939-373053

Sentence

denotes

E-ACA improves the indexes of immunity, non-specific resistance and decreases the rate of bacterial complications.

TextSentencer_T3196

373054-373193

Sentence

denotes

Application of E-ACA for treatment influenza and other ARVI in children is recommended in Ukraine on the base of results of our researches.

T75557

373054-373193

Sentence

denotes

Application of E-ACA for treatment influenza and other ARVI in children is recommended in Ukraine on the base of results of our researches.

TextSentencer_T3197

373194-373323

Sentence

denotes

The higher effects demonstrated as a result of combine usage of E-ACA with specific Ig, or Deitiforin, or Unithyol, or Ribavirin.

T19582

373194-373323

Sentence

denotes

The higher effects demonstrated as a result of combine usage of E-ACA with specific Ig, or Deitiforin, or Unithyol, or Ribavirin.

TextSentencer_T3198

373324-373498

Sentence

denotes

In our opinion, the study of effectiveness of E-ACA combine application with inhibitors of influenza NA is the perspective direction of anti-influenza researches development.

T45809

373324-373498

Sentence

denotes

In our opinion, the study of effectiveness of E-ACA combine application with inhibitors of influenza NA is the perspective direction of anti-influenza researches development.

TextSentencer_T3199

373499-373756

Sentence

denotes

We should we treat immediately all varicella patients with acyclovir if the patient is older than 20 years PM123 During past 2 years in Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade, 89 immunocompetent varicella patients were treated and cured.

T54902

373499-373756

Sentence

denotes

We should we treat immediately all varicella patients with acyclovir if the patient is older than 20 years PM123 During past 2 years in Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade, 89 immunocompetent varicella patients were treated and cured.

TextSentencer_T3200

373757-373805

Sentence

denotes

Among them 32 were older than 20 years (35.95%).

T94394

373757-373805

Sentence

denotes

Among them 32 were older than 20 years (35.95%).

TextSentencer_T3201

373806-373844

Sentence

denotes

X-rays were performed in all patients.

T50326

373806-373844

Sentence

denotes

X-rays were performed in all patients.

TextSentencer_T3202

373845-373950

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 32 patients (35.95%), but in 26 (81.25%) patients older than 20 years.

T66828

373845-373950

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 32 patients (35.95%), but in 26 (81.25%) patients older than 20 years.

TextSentencer_T3203

373951-374063

Sentence

denotes

Varicella is a benign, self-limited disease, if it strikes early, i.e. preschool, school children and teenagers.

T48666

373951-374063

Sentence

denotes

Varicella is a benign, self-limited disease, if it strikes early, i.e. preschool, school children and teenagers.

TextSentencer_T3204

374064-374115

Sentence

denotes

At that time there is no need for specific therapy.

T24068

374064-374115

Sentence

denotes

At that time there is no need for specific therapy.

TextSentencer_T3205

374116-374243

Sentence

denotes

But in neonates, immunocompetent adults and in all immunocompromised patients it can be difficult and life-threatening disease.

T28779

374116-374243

Sentence

denotes

But in neonates, immunocompetent adults and in all immunocompromised patients it can be difficult and life-threatening disease.

TextSentencer_T3206

374244-374338

Sentence

denotes

In immunocompetent adult population pneumonia is a very serious, sometimes fatal complication.

T70613

374244-374338

Sentence

denotes

In immunocompetent adult population pneumonia is a very serious, sometimes fatal complication.

TextSentencer_T3207

374339-374575

Sentence

denotes

Knowing the pathophysiology of primary varicella Á/zoster infection, specific therapy with acyclovir should be started immediately after making the diagnosis in patients older than 20 years, without waiting for X-ray proof of pneumonia.

T84969

374339-374575

Sentence

denotes

Knowing the pathophysiology of primary varicella Á/zoster infection, specific therapy with acyclovir should be started immediately after making the diagnosis in patients older than 20 years, without waiting for X-ray proof of pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T3208

374576-374709

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin compared to acyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster: effects on acute disease and posttherapeutic pain PM124 Objective:

T41788

374576-374709

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin compared to acyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster: effects on acute disease and posttherapeutic pain PM124 Objective:

TextSentencer_T3209

374710-374842

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of efficacy and safety of brivudin 1)/125 mg and acyclovir 5)/800 mg, both for 7 days, in the treatment of herpes zoster.

T52383

374710-374842

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of efficacy and safety of brivudin 1)/125 mg and acyclovir 5)/800 mg, both for 7 days, in the treatment of herpes zoster.

TextSentencer_T3210

374843-374851

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T14445

374843-374851

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3211

374852-374967

Sentence

denotes

Randomised, double-blind study on 1227 immunocompetent patients ]/18 years (brivudin: n 0/613, acyclovir: n 0/614).

T20363

374852-374967

Sentence

denotes

Randomised, double-blind study on 1227 immunocompetent patients ]/18 years (brivudin: n 0/613, acyclovir: n 0/614).

TextSentencer_T3212

374968-375118

Sentence

denotes

A subgroup of patients ]/50 years (brivudin: n0/309, acyclovir: n0/299) was examined for the occurrence of posttherapeutic pain in a poststudy survey.

T17067

374968-375118

Sentence

denotes

A subgroup of patients ]/50 years (brivudin: n0/309, acyclovir: n0/299) was examined for the occurrence of posttherapeutic pain in a poststudy survey.

TextSentencer_T3213

375119-375238

Sentence

denotes

Posttherapeutic pain was defined as any zoster-associated pain, regardless of intensity, after the end of acute zoster.

T71151

375119-375238

Sentence

denotes

Posttherapeutic pain was defined as any zoster-associated pain, regardless of intensity, after the end of acute zoster.

TextSentencer_T3214

375239-375247

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T40910

375239-375247

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3215

375248-375344

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin was superior to acyclovir in reducing time to last occurrence of new vesicles (RR(ITT):

T66819

375248-375344

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin was superior to acyclovir in reducing time to last occurrence of new vesicles (RR(ITT):

TextSentencer_T3216

375345-375375

Sentence

denotes

1.13 [1.01 Á/1.27], P 0/0.01).

T47174

375345-375375

Sentence

denotes

1.13 [1.01 Á/1.27], P 0/0.01).

TextSentencer_T3217

375376-375454

Sentence

denotes

The advantage of brivudin was more pronounced in patients ]/50 years (RR(ITT):

T20806

375376-375454

Sentence

denotes

The advantage of brivudin was more pronounced in patients ]/50 years (RR(ITT):

TextSentencer_T3218

375455-375485

Sentence

denotes

1.16, [1.01 Á/1.34], P0/0.02).

T44803

375455-375485

Sentence

denotes

1.16, [1.01 Á/1.34], P0/0.02).

TextSentencer_T3219

375486-375604

Sentence

denotes

Incidence of posttherapeutic pain was significantly lower with brivudin (32.7%) than with acyclovir (43.5%, P0/0.006).

T2942

375486-375604

Sentence

denotes

Incidence of posttherapeutic pain was significantly lower with brivudin (32.7%) than with acyclovir (43.5%, P0/0.006).

TextSentencer_T3220

375605-375666

Sentence

denotes

Duration of pain was comparable in both treatment groups (RR:

T99286

375605-375666

Sentence

denotes

Duration of pain was comparable in both treatment groups (RR:

TextSentencer_T3221

375667-375698

Sentence

denotes

1.11, [0.93 Á/1.32], P 0/0.27).

T2763

375667-375698

Sentence

denotes

1.11, [0.93 Á/1.32], P 0/0.27).

TextSentencer_T3222

375699-375827

Sentence

denotes

Potentially treatment-related adverse events occurred in 7.7% of the brivudin recipients and in 10% of the acyclovir recipients.

T86333

375699-375827

Sentence

denotes

Potentially treatment-related adverse events occurred in 7.7% of the brivudin recipients and in 10% of the acyclovir recipients.

TextSentencer_T3223

375828-375840

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T24457

375828-375840

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3224

375841-375966

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin 125 mg once daily for 7 days is superior to standard acyclovir in stopping viral replication in acute herpes zoster.

T9840

375841-375966

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin 125 mg once daily for 7 days is superior to standard acyclovir in stopping viral replication in acute herpes zoster.

TextSentencer_T3225

375967-376089

Sentence

denotes

In patients ]/50 years, brivudin is more effective than acyclovir in reducing the risk of developing posttherapeutic pain.

T62957

375967-376089

Sentence

denotes

In patients ]/50 years, brivudin is more effective than acyclovir in reducing the risk of developing posttherapeutic pain.

TextSentencer_T3226

376090-376133

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin is as well tolerated as acyclovir.

T30941

376090-376133

Sentence

denotes

Brivudin is as well tolerated as acyclovir.

TextSentencer_T3227

376134-376347

Sentence

denotes

Varadinova T a , Genova P a , Garcia-Raso A b , Terron A b , Fiol J b , Badenas F b . a Laboratory of Virology, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria , b Chemistry, Universitat de les Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

T68224

376134-376347

Sentence

denotes

Varadinova T a , Genova P a , Garcia-Raso A b , Terron A b , Fiol J b , Badenas F b . a Laboratory of Virology, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria , b Chemistry, Universitat de les Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

TextSentencer_T3228

376348-376453

Sentence

denotes

We have published that Cu(II) complexes of acyclovir (ACV) are active against HSV infection (MBD, 1996) .

T43001

376348-376453

Sentence

denotes

We have published that Cu(II) complexes of acyclovir (ACV) are active against HSV infection (MBD, 1996) .

TextSentencer_T3229

376454-376656

Sentence

denotes

Here we present data on the activity of ACV complexes of Ni(II), Cd(II), Co(II) and Ag(I) against resistant to ACV HSV 1 strain R-100 in comparison with the effect against ACV sensitive strain Victoria.

T2170

376454-376656

Sentence

denotes

Here we present data on the activity of ACV complexes of Ni(II), Cd(II), Co(II) and Ag(I) against resistant to ACV HSV 1 strain R-100 in comparison with the effect against ACV sensitive strain Victoria.

TextSentencer_T3230

376657-376735

Sentence

denotes

Selectivity indexes (SI) compared to that of ACV were indicative for activity.

T40176

376657-376735

Sentence

denotes

Selectivity indexes (SI) compared to that of ACV were indicative for activity.

TextSentencer_T3231

376736-377173

Sentence

denotes

The following data were obtained: (i) 1 was 10 times less selective inhibitor of strain R-100 than of strain Victoria; (ii) under the action of [Cd(ACV)Cl 2 ], [Ni(ACV) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]Cl 2 ×/2ACV and [Ni(ACV)(NO 3 )] 3 ×/5H 2 O was up to 90% higher than that in the control; (ii) 2 was 28 times less selective inhibitor than ACV; (iv) SI of 3 was two times higher for strain R-100 and five times lower for strain Victoria then that of ACV.

T51708

376736-377173

Sentence

denotes

The following data were obtained: (i) 1 was 10 times less selective inhibitor of strain R-100 than of strain Victoria; (ii) under the action of [Cd(ACV)Cl 2 ], [Ni(ACV) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]Cl 2 ×/2ACV and [Ni(ACV)(NO 3 )] 3 ×/5H 2 O was up to 90% higher than that in the control; (ii) 2 was 28 times less selective inhibitor than ACV; (iv) SI of 3 was two times higher for strain R-100 and five times lower for strain Victoria then that of ACV.

TextSentencer_T3232

377174-377302

Sentence

denotes

These data show that the selectivity of ACV against resistant HSV 1 strains can increase when ACV is bond to a proper metal ion.

T61078

377174-377302

Sentence

denotes

These data show that the selectivity of ACV against resistant HSV 1 strains can increase when ACV is bond to a proper metal ion.

TextSentencer_T3233

377303-377311

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T166

377303-377311

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3234

377312-377501

Sentence

denotes

An antiviral activity against Herpes Simplex virus of the type I (HSV-I/Leningrad/248/88) and variant HSV-1 (VVT/4/00R) resistant to acyclovir was determined using commonly accepted method.

T46847

377312-377501

Sentence

denotes

An antiviral activity against Herpes Simplex virus of the type I (HSV-I/Leningrad/248/88) and variant HSV-1 (VVT/4/00R) resistant to acyclovir was determined using commonly accepted method.

TextSentencer_T3235

377502-377545

Sentence

denotes

Viruses were grown on a continuous culture.

T37277

377502-377545

Sentence

denotes

Viruses were grown on a continuous culture.

TextSentencer_T3236

377546-377704

Sentence

denotes

Maximal toxic dose was determined by the administration of compounds orally (300 mg/kg) or intraabdominally (100 mg/kg) to white mice that had mass 18 Á/20 g.

T57329

377546-377704

Sentence

denotes

Maximal toxic dose was determined by the administration of compounds orally (300 mg/kg) or intraabdominally (100 mg/kg) to white mice that had mass 18 Á/20 g.

TextSentencer_T3237

377705-377757

Sentence

denotes

Condition of the animals was controlled during 72 h.

T75748

377705-377757

Sentence

denotes

Condition of the animals was controlled during 72 h.

TextSentencer_T3238

377758-377821

Sentence

denotes

Mice pneumonia model was used for the testing activity in vivo.

T82697

377758-377821

Sentence

denotes

Mice pneumonia model was used for the testing activity in vivo.

TextSentencer_T3239

377822-377830

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T9821

377822-377830

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3240

377831-377911

Sentence

denotes

Derivatives tested have activity against HSV-1 and HSV-1 resistant to acyclovir.

T68987

377831-377911

Sentence

denotes

Derivatives tested have activity against HSV-1 and HSV-1 resistant to acyclovir.

TextSentencer_T3241

377912-378011

Sentence

denotes

Maximum protection of the cells up to 80% was reached at concentration of compounds 100 Á/10 mg/kg.

T48962

377912-378011

Sentence

denotes

Maximum protection of the cells up to 80% was reached at concentration of compounds 100 Á/10 mg/kg.

TextSentencer_T3242

378012-378144

Sentence

denotes

Tested compounds have low toxicity and animals did not die after intraabdominal and after per oral administration of the substances.

T45427

378012-378144

Sentence

denotes

Tested compounds have low toxicity and animals did not die after intraabdominal and after per oral administration of the substances.

TextSentencer_T3243

378145-378214

Sentence

denotes

Using these compounds led to essential relief of diseases in animals.

T56435

378145-378214

Sentence

denotes

Using these compounds led to essential relief of diseases in animals.

TextSentencer_T3244

378215-378339

Sentence

denotes

The number and square of virus specific areas of inflammation in lung was decreased to compare with control untreated group.

T99973

378215-378339

Sentence

denotes

The number and square of virus specific areas of inflammation in lung was decreased to compare with control untreated group.

TextSentencer_T3245

378340-378421

Sentence

denotes

Tested compounds protected animals similar to acyclovir that was used as control.

T61715

378340-378421

Sentence

denotes

Tested compounds protected animals similar to acyclovir that was used as control.

TextSentencer_T3246

378422-378433

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T29617

378422-378433

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3247

378434-378572

Sentence

denotes

Derivatives of carboalkoxysulfanilic acids are active against HSV in vitro and in vivo and act on the acyclovir resistant variant viruses.

T96269

378434-378572

Sentence

denotes

Derivatives of carboalkoxysulfanilic acids are active against HSV in vitro and in vivo and act on the acyclovir resistant variant viruses.

TextSentencer_T3248

378573-378747

Sentence

denotes

Markiewicz R a , Szepietowski JC b . a Jelfa S.A., Medical Department, Jelenia Gora, Poland , b Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland Background:

T70364

378573-378747

Sentence

denotes

Markiewicz R a , Szepietowski JC b . a Jelfa S.A., Medical Department, Jelenia Gora, Poland , b Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland Background:

TextSentencer_T3249

378748-378892

Sentence

denotes

Denotivir is a 5-benzoamino-4?-chloro-3-methyl-4isothiazolecarboxanilide anti-inflammatory agent with antiviral and immunomodulatory activities.

T28651

378748-378892

Sentence

denotes

Denotivir is a 5-benzoamino-4?-chloro-3-methyl-4isothiazolecarboxanilide anti-inflammatory agent with antiviral and immunomodulatory activities.

TextSentencer_T3250

378893-378952

Sentence

denotes

It possesses also mild antibacterial and antifungal action.

T44290

378893-378952

Sentence

denotes

It possesses also mild antibacterial and antifungal action.

TextSentencer_T3251

378953-378978

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

T61051

378953-378978

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T3252

378979-379105

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this presentation is to give an overview of recent studies demonstrating denotivir efficacy in herpetic infections.

T24734

378979-379105

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this presentation is to give an overview of recent studies demonstrating denotivir efficacy in herpetic infections.

TextSentencer_T3253

379106-379127

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained:

T37525

379106-379127

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained:

TextSentencer_T3254

379128-379257

Sentence

denotes

In vitro studies revealed that denotivir in the doses below its cytotoxicity (about 25 uM) significantly inhibited (by 90 Á/99%).

T90806

379128-379257

Sentence

denotes

In vitro studies revealed that denotivir in the doses below its cytotoxicity (about 25 uM) significantly inhibited (by 90 Á/99%).

TextSentencer_T3255

379258-379348

Sentence

denotes

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2 replication in fibroblast and kidney cell cultures.

T69577

379258-379348

Sentence

denotes

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2 replication in fibroblast and kidney cell cultures.

TextSentencer_T3256

379349-379472

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, it was showed that denotivir in the dose of 37 mg/ml markedly inactivated HSV-2 after 30 min incubation in 37 8C.

T87549

379349-379472

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, it was showed that denotivir in the dose of 37 mg/ml markedly inactivated HSV-2 after 30 min incubation in 37 8C.

TextSentencer_T3257

379473-379634

Sentence

denotes

In giunea pigs research, 2% denotivir in 90% DMSO appeared to be superior to 90% DMSO alone and untreated groups in the therapy of animal skin infected by HSV-2.

T13665

379473-379634

Sentence

denotes

In giunea pigs research, 2% denotivir in 90% DMSO appeared to be superior to 90% DMSO alone and untreated groups in the therapy of animal skin infected by HSV-2.

TextSentencer_T3258

379635-379809

Sentence

denotes

There was no huge difference in eythema and oedema scorings between studied groups, however in the group treated with denotivir, in contrast to others, no vesicles developed.

T60068

379635-379809

Sentence

denotes

There was no huge difference in eythema and oedema scorings between studied groups, however in the group treated with denotivir, in contrast to others, no vesicles developed.

TextSentencer_T3259

379810-379950

Sentence

denotes

Several clinical studies showed usefulness of denotivir in controlling herpetic infections in dermatology, ophthalmology and otolaryngology.

T82508

379810-379950

Sentence

denotes

Several clinical studies showed usefulness of denotivir in controlling herpetic infections in dermatology, ophthalmology and otolaryngology.

TextSentencer_T3260

379951-380111

Sentence

denotes

In the majority of studies within few hours after the drug application itch and pain relief was noted and within 1 Á/2 days the vesicular lesions were dried up.

T34998

379951-380111

Sentence

denotes

In the majority of studies within few hours after the drug application itch and pain relief was noted and within 1 Á/2 days the vesicular lesions were dried up.

TextSentencer_T3261

380112-380135

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached:

T40056

380112-380135

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached:

TextSentencer_T3262

380136-380196

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, denotivir is an effective antiherpetic agent.

T82917

380136-380196

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, denotivir is an effective antiherpetic agent.

TextSentencer_T3263

380197-380267

Sentence

denotes

This study was conducted on 12 cows affected with teat papillomatosis.

T29361

380197-380267

Sentence

denotes

This study was conducted on 12 cows affected with teat papillomatosis.

TextSentencer_T3264

380268-380331

Sentence

denotes

In the first step, each cow was located on one of three groups.

T87516

380268-380331

Sentence

denotes

In the first step, each cow was located on one of three groups.

TextSentencer_T3265

380332-380439

Sentence

denotes

The first group contained four cows from 1 to 4 years that were treated with fig tree (Ficus carica) latex.

T50217

380332-380439

Sentence

denotes

The first group contained four cows from 1 to 4 years that were treated with fig tree (Ficus carica) latex.

TextSentencer_T3266

380440-380605

Sentence

denotes

The second group contained four cows from 1.5 to 4 years that were treated with a 10% solution of salicylic acid, and the third group contained four cows as control.

T59120

380440-380605

Sentence

denotes

The second group contained four cows from 1.5 to 4 years that were treated with a 10% solution of salicylic acid, and the third group contained four cows as control.

TextSentencer_T3267

380606-380768

Sentence

denotes

In group one and two following treatment with fig tree latex and salicylic acid, superficial necrosis begun from day 5 and all of the warts disappeared by day 30.

T64305

380606-380768

Sentence

denotes

In group one and two following treatment with fig tree latex and salicylic acid, superficial necrosis begun from day 5 and all of the warts disappeared by day 30.

TextSentencer_T3268

380769-380901

Sentence

denotes

In the control group, after day 20, there were no changes in number of lesions, but some of them were larger than first observation.

T26362

380769-380901

Sentence

denotes

In the control group, after day 20, there were no changes in number of lesions, but some of them were larger than first observation.

TextSentencer_T3269

380902-381026

Sentence

denotes

On day 25, one of the marked warts disappeared and on day 35 another wart was disappeared but six were present until day 45.

T78230

380902-381026

Sentence

denotes

On day 25, one of the marked warts disappeared and on day 35 another wart was disappeared but six were present until day 45.

TextSentencer_T3270

381027-381148

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of effects of salicylic acid and fig latex showed similar effects in treatment of udder papillomatosis in cow.

T87903

381027-381148

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of effects of salicylic acid and fig latex showed similar effects in treatment of udder papillomatosis in cow.

TextSentencer_T3271

381149-381365

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory markers of skeletal muscle toxicity in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional case-control survey of frequency, potential correlation with antiretroviral therapy, clinical significance, and outcome PM130

T33337

381149-381365

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory markers of skeletal muscle toxicity in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional case-control survey of frequency, potential correlation with antiretroviral therapy, clinical significance, and outcome PM130

TextSentencer_T3272

381366-381424

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, Motta R, Patrono D, Calza L, Chiodo F, Boni P.

T93465

381366-381424

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, Motta R, Patrono D, Calza L, Chiodo F, Boni P.

TextSentencer_T3273

381425-381725

Sentence

denotes

To assess skeletal muscle toxicity among Â/1000 HIV-infected outpatients (p), the 129 p who had ]/1 altered CPK assay ( !/195 U/l) between May and November 2001, were compared with 387 p randomly selected among those who had ]/2 laboratory exams in this 6-month interval, in a 1:3 case-control study.

T38711

381425-381725

Sentence

denotes

To assess skeletal muscle toxicity among Â/1000 HIV-infected outpatients (p), the 129 p who had ]/1 altered CPK assay ( !/195 U/l) between May and November 2001, were compared with 387 p randomly selected among those who had ]/2 laboratory exams in this 6-month interval, in a 1:3 case-control study.

TextSentencer_T3274

381726-381822

Sentence

denotes

Among the 129 p with altered CPK levels only six were females, and 110 received antiretrovirals.

T19316

381726-381822

Sentence

denotes

Among the 129 p with altered CPK levels only six were females, and 110 received antiretrovirals.

TextSentencer_T3275

381823-381932

Sentence

denotes

The overall frequency of altered CPK among all p who underwent ]/2 laboratory workouts in 6 months was 14.4%.

T81531

381823-381932

Sentence

denotes

The overall frequency of altered CPK among all p who underwent ]/2 laboratory workouts in 6 months was 14.4%.

TextSentencer_T3276

381933-382161

Sentence

denotes

CPK alteration was transient in 98 p, with values ranging from 196 to 3463 (mean 256.29/62.3) U/l, but was recognized ]/2 times in 2 Á/6 months in 31 p (24%), 24 of them showing concomitant high aldolase levels (3.1 Á/10.8 U/L).

T48002

381933-382161

Sentence

denotes

CPK alteration was transient in 98 p, with values ranging from 196 to 3463 (mean 256.29/62.3) U/l, but was recognized ]/2 times in 2 Á/6 months in 31 p (24%), 24 of them showing concomitant high aldolase levels (3.1 Á/10.8 U/L).

TextSentencer_T3277

382162-382277

Sentence

denotes

A myopathy or a rhabdomyolisis were recognized in four p only; a myositis was confirmed in one p by histopathology.

T70689

382162-382277

Sentence

denotes

A myopathy or a rhabdomyolisis were recognized in four p only; a myositis was confirmed in one p by histopathology.

TextSentencer_T3278

382278-382799

Sentence

denotes

In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, when excluding the unexpected prevalence of the male gender (P B/0.0001), no significant difference emerged between p and controls as to age, risk for HIV infection, iv drug use, duration of HIV infection, prior anti-HIV therapy and its length, selected drug combinations, administered nucleoside analogues,HIV disease stage, mean CD4'/ count and HIV viremia, signs and duration of lipodystrophy, increased glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and other therapies.

T65721

382278-382799

Sentence

denotes

In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, when excluding the unexpected prevalence of the male gender (P B/0.0001), no significant difference emerged between p and controls as to age, risk for HIV infection, iv drug use, duration of HIV infection, prior anti-HIV therapy and its length, selected drug combinations, administered nucleoside analogues,HIV disease stage, mean CD4'/ count and HIV viremia, signs and duration of lipodystrophy, increased glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and other therapies.

TextSentencer_T3279

382800-382983

Sentence

denotes

Muscle abnormalities, though frequently asymptomatic, are underestimated HIV disease complications, and the role of metabolic (i.e. mitochondrial) alterations, deserves investigation.

T7448

382800-382983

Sentence

denotes

Muscle abnormalities, though frequently asymptomatic, are underestimated HIV disease complications, and the role of metabolic (i.e. mitochondrial) alterations, deserves investigation.

TextSentencer_T3280

382984-383176

Sentence

denotes

Poor efficacy of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)based salvage HAART in HIV-infected patients heavily pre-treated with all other classes of antiretroviral compounds PM131

T26135

382984-383176

Sentence

denotes

Poor efficacy of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)based salvage HAART in HIV-infected patients heavily pre-treated with all other classes of antiretroviral compounds PM131

TextSentencer_T3281

383177-383207

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F.

T86994

383177-383207

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F.

TextSentencer_T3282

383208-383266

Sentence

denotes

Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

T39405

383208-383266

Sentence

denotes

Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

TextSentencer_T3283

383267-383356

Sentence

denotes

Poorly comparable literature series show conflicting results of NNRTI-based rescue HAART:

T11874

383267-383356

Sentence

denotes

Poorly comparable literature series show conflicting results of NNRTI-based rescue HAART:

TextSentencer_T3284

383357-383392

Sentence

denotes

20 Á/70% rate of virologic success.

T92680

383357-383392

Sentence

denotes

20 Á/70% rate of virologic success.

TextSentencer_T3285

383393-383735

Sentence

denotes

To assess the response to a 4 Á/5-drug rescue HAART including a NNRTI, 72 patients (p) treated with nucleoside analogues (NA) and protease inhibitors (PI) for !/18 and !/15 months, respectively but naïve to NNRTI, with a viremia !/10 000 copies/ml, were prospectively followed during 1 Á/2 years, provided that they ensured a !/90% adherence.

T15595

383393-383735

Sentence

denotes

To assess the response to a 4 Á/5-drug rescue HAART including a NNRTI, 72 patients (p) treated with nucleoside analogues (NA) and protease inhibitors (PI) for !/18 and !/15 months, respectively but naïve to NNRTI, with a viremia !/10 000 copies/ml, were prospectively followed during 1 Á/2 years, provided that they ensured a !/90% adherence.

TextSentencer_T3286

383736-383805

Sentence

denotes

Efavirenz was used in 41 p, nevirapine in 29, and delavirdine in two.

T33440

383736-383805

Sentence

denotes

Efavirenz was used in 41 p, nevirapine in 29, and delavirdine in two.

TextSentencer_T3287

383806-383977

Sentence

denotes

Most p (88.9%) had an early laboratory improvement, but mean peak viral load decrease was 0.4 Log, and a significant reduction vs baseline (P B/0.02) lasted 3 months only.

T69356

383806-383977

Sentence

denotes

Most p (88.9%) had an early laboratory improvement, but mean peak viral load decrease was 0.4 Log, and a significant reduction vs baseline (P B/0.02) lasted 3 months only.

TextSentencer_T3288

383978-384117

Sentence

denotes

A mean 17% increase of zenith CD4 count was obtained (P B/0.001), but only 18.1% of p remained !/200 cells/ml 1 year after switch to NNRTI.

T93864

383978-384117

Sentence

denotes

A mean 17% increase of zenith CD4 count was obtained (P B/0.001), but only 18.1% of p remained !/200 cells/ml 1 year after switch to NNRTI.

TextSentencer_T3289

384118-384538

Sentence

denotes

In a multivariate analysis, the concurrent introduction of novel PI(s) (32 p) and/or different NA(s) (19 p) acted favorably until the 9th month of follow-up (P B/0.04), while genotypic mutations conferring NNRTI cross-resistance, usually associated with a broad resistance profile, predicted failure in all p (P B/0.001), and the response did not vary according to duration and type of prior therapy, and selected NNRTI.

T40822

384118-384538

Sentence

denotes

In a multivariate analysis, the concurrent introduction of novel PI(s) (32 p) and/or different NA(s) (19 p) acted favorably until the 9th month of follow-up (P B/0.04), while genotypic mutations conferring NNRTI cross-resistance, usually associated with a broad resistance profile, predicted failure in all p (P B/0.001), and the response did not vary according to duration and type of prior therapy, and selected NNRTI.

TextSentencer_T3290

384539-384705

Sentence

denotes

A deep salvage NNRTIbased HAART has a poor and transient virologic outcome also in NNRTI-naïve p, while a more evident and sustained immunologic response is expected.

T31507

384539-384705

Sentence

denotes

A deep salvage NNRTIbased HAART has a poor and transient virologic outcome also in NNRTI-naïve p, while a more evident and sustained immunologic response is expected.

TextSentencer_T3291

384706-384818

Sentence

denotes

P who can introduce novel PI/NA and have no mutations impairing NNRTI activity are entitled to a better outcome.

T70791

384706-384818

Sentence

denotes

P who can introduce novel PI/NA and have no mutations impairing NNRTI activity are entitled to a better outcome.

TextSentencer_T3292

384819-384958

Sentence

denotes

Fatal lactic acidosis without elevation of liver-enzymes during the treatment with stavudine, didanosine and efavirenz: a case report PM132

T89886

384819-384958

Sentence

denotes

Fatal lactic acidosis without elevation of liver-enzymes during the treatment with stavudine, didanosine and efavirenz: a case report PM132

TextSentencer_T3293

384959-385008

Sentence

denotes

Winzer R, Langmann P, Väth T, Zilly M, Klinker H.

T18705

384959-385008

Sentence

denotes

Winzer R, Langmann P, Väth T, Zilly M, Klinker H.

TextSentencer_T3294

385009-385264

Sentence

denotes

Medizinische Poliklinik der Universität Würzburg, Schwerpunkt Hepatologie/Infektiologie, ürzburg, Germany Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) cause various side effects, many of which are thought to be due to their effects on mitochondria.

T11226

385009-385264

Sentence

denotes

Medizinische Poliklinik der Universität Würzburg, Schwerpunkt Hepatologie/Infektiologie, ürzburg, Germany Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) cause various side effects, many of which are thought to be due to their effects on mitochondria.

TextSentencer_T3295

385265-385301

Sentence

denotes

A 36-year-old HIV positive (HIV RNA:

T26312

385265-385301

Sentence

denotes

A 36-year-old HIV positive (HIV RNA:

TextSentencer_T3296

385302-385333

Sentence

denotes

6000 copies/ml, CD4 cell count:

T6127

385302-385333

Sentence

denotes

6000 copies/ml, CD4 cell count:

TextSentencer_T3297

385334-385366

Sentence

denotes

359/ml), obese (body-mass-index:

T7741

385334-385366

Sentence

denotes

359/ml), obese (body-mass-index:

TextSentencer_T3298

385367-385779

Sentence

denotes

40.9), therapy-naïve female patient, who after 7 months of well tolerated and effective antiretroviral therapy (stavudine, didanosine, efavirenz), had slight gastrointestinal discomfort and suddenly developed a lactic acidosis (arterial-pH 7.03 [7.36 Á/7.44 She died 4 days later despite intensive care (continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration, sodium-bicarbonate infusion, high doses of vitamins, respiration).

T44896

385367-385779

Sentence

denotes

40.9), therapy-naïve female patient, who after 7 months of well tolerated and effective antiretroviral therapy (stavudine, didanosine, efavirenz), had slight gastrointestinal discomfort and suddenly developed a lactic acidosis (arterial-pH 7.03 [7.36 Á/7.44 She died 4 days later despite intensive care (continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration, sodium-bicarbonate infusion, high doses of vitamins, respiration).

TextSentencer_T3299

385780-386026

Sentence

denotes

The pathologic examination showed an enlarged liver (2370 g) with yellowish appearance and pasty consistency, which microscopically appeared as a massive macro-and microvesicular fatty degeneration, and only slight signs of terminal pancreatitis.

T66331

385780-386026

Sentence

denotes

The pathologic examination showed an enlarged liver (2370 g) with yellowish appearance and pasty consistency, which microscopically appeared as a massive macro-and microvesicular fatty degeneration, and only slight signs of terminal pancreatitis.

TextSentencer_T3300

386027-386191

Sentence

denotes

This reported case gives evidence that a massive lactate acidosis may develop without previously disarranged laboratory parameters for liver or pancreatic function.

T97703

386027-386191

Sentence

denotes

This reported case gives evidence that a massive lactate acidosis may develop without previously disarranged laboratory parameters for liver or pancreatic function.

TextSentencer_T3301

386192-386258

Sentence

denotes

A fatal outcome may evolve without further accompanying-illnesses.

T7560

386192-386258

Sentence

denotes

A fatal outcome may evolve without further accompanying-illnesses.

TextSentencer_T3302

386259-386419

Sentence

denotes

Efficacy and tolerability of atorvastatin in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART PM133 Calza L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F.

T82395

386259-386419

Sentence

denotes

Efficacy and tolerability of atorvastatin in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART PM133 Calza L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F.

TextSentencer_T3303

386420-386504

Sentence

denotes

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Introduction:

T18166

386420-386504

Sentence

denotes

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Introduction:

TextSentencer_T3304

386505-386745

Sentence

denotes

Significant increases in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels have been reported in patients treated with HAART, and prolonged metabolic imbalances could significantly act on the longterm prognosis and outcome of HIV-infected persons.

T27453

386505-386745

Sentence

denotes

Significant increases in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels have been reported in patients treated with HAART, and prolonged metabolic imbalances could significantly act on the longterm prognosis and outcome of HIV-infected persons.

TextSentencer_T3305

386746-386767

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

T56190

386746-386767

Sentence

denotes

Patients and methods:

TextSentencer_T3306

386768-387067

Sentence

denotes

Fourteen HIV-infected patients on PI-based HAART since at least 12 months and presenting hypercholesterolemia ( !/290 mg/dl) of at least 6-month duration and unresponsive to a hypolipidemic diet and physical exercise, have been treated with a single daily dose of atorvastatin (20 mg) for 18 months.

T11240

386768-387067

Sentence

denotes

Fourteen HIV-infected patients on PI-based HAART since at least 12 months and presenting hypercholesterolemia ( !/290 mg/dl) of at least 6-month duration and unresponsive to a hypolipidemic diet and physical exercise, have been treated with a single daily dose of atorvastatin (20 mg) for 18 months.

TextSentencer_T3307

387068-387076

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T83135

387068-387076

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3308

387077-387138

Sentence

denotes

One patient was ecluded from evaluation due to early dropout.

T76357

387077-387138

Sentence

denotes

One patient was ecluded from evaluation due to early dropout.

TextSentencer_T3309

387139-387277

Sentence

denotes

Ongoing antiretroviral treatment included ritonavir in four cases, indinavir in four, nelfinavir in three, and saquinavir hard-gel in two.

T50327

387139-387277

Sentence

denotes

Ongoing antiretroviral treatment included ritonavir in four cases, indinavir in four, nelfinavir in three, and saquinavir hard-gel in two.

TextSentencer_T3310

387278-387495

Sentence

denotes

At the close of 18-month follow-up of atorvastatin therapy, a decrease of total cholesterol level of 21.9% versus respective baseline value was observed; eight out of 13 patients reached normal values for cholesterol.

T92231

387278-387495

Sentence

denotes

At the close of 18-month follow-up of atorvastatin therapy, a decrease of total cholesterol level of 21.9% versus respective baseline value was observed; eight out of 13 patients reached normal values for cholesterol.

TextSentencer_T3311

387496-387637

Sentence

denotes

Mild gastroenteric symptoms were found in only one of the 13 treated patients, while no skeletal muscle and liver toxicity has been observed.

T44687

387496-387637

Sentence

denotes

Mild gastroenteric symptoms were found in only one of the 13 treated patients, while no skeletal muscle and liver toxicity has been observed.

TextSentencer_T3312

387638-387649

Sentence

denotes

Discussion:

T90865

387638-387649

Sentence

denotes

Discussion:

TextSentencer_T3313

387650-387865

Sentence

denotes

In our study, pharmacological treatment with atorvastatin proved certainly effective in the management of diet-resistant hypercholesterolemia, and was associated with a favourable tolerability and adherence profile.

T38919

387650-387865

Sentence

denotes

In our study, pharmacological treatment with atorvastatin proved certainly effective in the management of diet-resistant hypercholesterolemia, and was associated with a favourable tolerability and adherence profile.

TextSentencer_T3314

387866-388133

Sentence

denotes

The effect of combination antiretroviral therapy regimens on HIV-1 proviral DNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined in 12 HIV-1-positive patients, using endpoint dilution PCR and serially cloning and sequencing of the gag region of HIV-1.

T8168

387866-388133

Sentence

denotes

The effect of combination antiretroviral therapy regimens on HIV-1 proviral DNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined in 12 HIV-1-positive patients, using endpoint dilution PCR and serially cloning and sequencing of the gag region of HIV-1.

TextSentencer_T3315

388134-388283

Sentence

denotes

The major clone was defined as the most numerous of 10 analyzed clones, and observation periods ranged from 8 to 32 months (mean, 19.89/10.2 months).

T46989

388134-388283

Sentence

denotes

The major clone was defined as the most numerous of 10 analyzed clones, and observation periods ranged from 8 to 32 months (mean, 19.89/10.2 months).

TextSentencer_T3316

388284-388444

Sentence

denotes

In five patients (one with primary-stage HIV-1 infection) receiving three antiretroviral drugs, HIV-1 RNA levels reduced to undetectable (i.e. B/100 copies/ml).

T67626

388284-388444

Sentence

denotes

In five patients (one with primary-stage HIV-1 infection) receiving three antiretroviral drugs, HIV-1 RNA levels reduced to undetectable (i.e. B/100 copies/ml).

TextSentencer_T3317

388445-388536

Sentence

denotes

HIV-1 proviral DNA levels and the number of major clones reduced in four of these patients.

T76452

388445-388536

Sentence

denotes

HIV-1 proviral DNA levels and the number of major clones reduced in four of these patients.

TextSentencer_T3318

388537-388611

Sentence

denotes

HIV-1 RNA levels reduced, but remained detectable, in five other patients.

T89270

388537-388611

Sentence

denotes

HIV-1 RNA levels reduced, but remained detectable, in five other patients.

TextSentencer_T3319

388612-388729

Sentence

denotes

In the two remaining patients (both receiving two rather than three antiretroviral drugs) HIV-1 RNA levels increased.

T76027

388612-388729

Sentence

denotes

In the two remaining patients (both receiving two rather than three antiretroviral drugs) HIV-1 RNA levels increased.

TextSentencer_T3320

388730-388896

Sentence

denotes

These results suggested that the population of the major clones may be affected when HIV-1 RNA levels reduce following combination regimens of antiretroviral therapy.

T14287

388730-388896

Sentence

denotes

These results suggested that the population of the major clones may be affected when HIV-1 RNA levels reduce following combination regimens of antiretroviral therapy.

TextSentencer_T3321

388897-389070

Sentence

denotes

Saquinavir hard gel (Shg) as a part of a spontaneous 12 Á/18-month deintensification anti-HIV regimen following successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) PM135

T75493

388897-389070

Sentence

denotes

Saquinavir hard gel (Shg) as a part of a spontaneous 12 Á/18-month deintensification anti-HIV regimen following successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) PM135

TextSentencer_T3322

389071-389101

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F.

T31586

389071-389101

Sentence

denotes

Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F.

TextSentencer_T3323

389102-389160

Sentence

denotes

Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

T65631

389102-389160

Sentence

denotes

Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

TextSentencer_T3324

389161-389336

Sentence

denotes

The induction-maintenance concept was poorly studied in HIV'/ patients (p), and Shg was never assessed after prolonged response to potent protease inhibitors (PI)-based HAART.

T71603

389161-389336

Sentence

denotes

The induction-maintenance concept was poorly studied in HIV'/ patients (p), and Shg was never assessed after prolonged response to potent protease inhibitors (PI)-based HAART.

TextSentencer_T3325

389337-389532

Sentence

denotes

Shg-naïve p who refused indinavir, ritonavir, or nelfinavir-based HAART after achieving long-term viral suppression, and resorted to Shg'/2 nucleoside analogues (NA), were followed prospectively.

T3058

389337-389532

Sentence

denotes

Shg-naïve p who refused indinavir, ritonavir, or nelfinavir-based HAART after achieving long-term viral suppression, and resorted to Shg'/2 nucleoside analogues (NA), were followed prospectively.

TextSentencer_T3326

389533-389602

Sentence

denotes

In 60.7% of the 61 p assessed for 12 Á/18 months, ]/1 NA was changed.

T4383

389533-389602

Sentence

denotes

In 60.7% of the 61 p assessed for 12 Á/18 months, ]/1 NA was changed.

TextSentencer_T3327

389603-389773

Sentence

denotes

Prior HAART was interrupted after 8.49/2.9 months, due to adverse events (46 p), or p's request (15 p), while a viremia B/50 copies/ml was present since 4.79/ 1.5 months.

T66732

389603-389773

Sentence

denotes

Prior HAART was interrupted after 8.49/2.9 months, due to adverse events (46 p), or p's request (15 p), while a viremia B/50 copies/ml was present since 4.79/ 1.5 months.

TextSentencer_T3328

389774-390086

Sentence

denotes

A viremia of 50 Á/1000 HIV-RNA copies/ml was maintained in 49 p (80.3%), while a higher viral load occurred in 12 p after 5.99/0.6 months, and was related to a pre-HAART viremia !/100 000/ ml, a more frequent !/100% recovery of CD4 count, mutations of codons 48 Á/90, and failure to change NA (P B/0.05 Á/0.001).

T33216

389774-390086

Sentence

denotes

A viremia of 50 Á/1000 HIV-RNA copies/ml was maintained in 49 p (80.3%), while a higher viral load occurred in 12 p after 5.99/0.6 months, and was related to a pre-HAART viremia !/100 000/ ml, a more frequent !/100% recovery of CD4 count, mutations of codons 48 Á/90, and failure to change NA (P B/0.05 Á/0.001).

TextSentencer_T3329

390087-390283

Sentence

denotes

A CD4 drop !/20%/150 cells/mL was found after 7.19/0.5 months in only eight p, who also had virologic failure: immunologic deterioration was earlier and deeper when NA were not changed (P B/0.05).

T49655

390087-390283

Sentence

denotes

A CD4 drop !/20%/150 cells/mL was found after 7.19/0.5 months in only eight p, who also had virologic failure: immunologic deterioration was earlier and deeper when NA were not changed (P B/0.05).

TextSentencer_T3330

390284-390429

Sentence

denotes

All the 37 p who introduced Shg'/novel NA after a successful !/6-month induction with a potent PI-based HAART had a stable 12 Á/18-month outcome.

T27236

390284-390429

Sentence

denotes

All the 37 p who introduced Shg'/novel NA after a successful !/6-month induction with a potent PI-based HAART had a stable 12 Á/18-month outcome.

TextSentencer_T3331

390430-390609

Sentence

denotes

A suboptimal HAART including the less effective but better tolerated Shg may be effective for !/1 year, especially when novel NA are introduced, and specific mutations are absent.

T27347

390430-390609

Sentence

denotes

A suboptimal HAART including the less effective but better tolerated Shg may be effective for !/1 year, especially when novel NA are introduced, and specific mutations are absent.

TextSentencer_T3332

390610-390724

Sentence

denotes

Despite a lower potency, drugs with a good safety and compliance profile may be recovered for simplified regimens.

T82542

390610-390724

Sentence

denotes

Despite a lower potency, drugs with a good safety and compliance profile may be recovered for simplified regimens.

TextSentencer_T3333

390725-390735

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T29792

390725-390735

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T3334

390736-390840

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with two or three drugs in the nervous 'reservoir'.

T21661

390736-390840

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with two or three drugs in the nervous 'reservoir'.

TextSentencer_T3335

390841-390850

Sentence

denotes

Patients:

T46108

390841-390850

Sentence

denotes

Patients:

TextSentencer_T3336

390851-391062

Sentence

denotes

Thirteen acute neurological and ART naive AIDS patients underwent a paired and simultaneous sample from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for a quantitative detection of HIV-1 RNA (Amplicor Roche) before ART.

T83904

390851-391062

Sentence

denotes

Thirteen acute neurological and ART naive AIDS patients underwent a paired and simultaneous sample from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for a quantitative detection of HIV-1 RNA (Amplicor Roche) before ART.

TextSentencer_T3337

391063-391137

Sentence

denotes

All patients underwent a CT and/or MR of the brain to perform a diagnosis.

T73139

391063-391137

Sentence

denotes

All patients underwent a CT and/or MR of the brain to perform a diagnosis.

TextSentencer_T3338

391138-391209

Sentence

denotes

All of them had an HIV related neurological acute inflammatory disease.

T51750

391138-391209

Sentence

denotes

All of them had an HIV related neurological acute inflammatory disease.

TextSentencer_T3339

391210-391252

Sentence

denotes

After diagnosis all patients received ART:

T81811

391210-391252

Sentence

denotes

After diagnosis all patients received ART:

TextSentencer_T3340

391253-391346

Sentence

denotes

7/13 received two NRTI and 6/13 received HAART including two NRTI and one protease inhibitor.

T67218

391253-391346

Sentence

denotes

7/13 received two NRTI and 6/13 received HAART including two NRTI and one protease inhibitor.

TextSentencer_T3341

391347-391460

Sentence

denotes

All patients underwent a paired and simultaneous follow-up from plasma and CSF during the 2nd month of treatment.

T80651

391347-391460

Sentence

denotes

All patients underwent a paired and simultaneous follow-up from plasma and CSF during the 2nd month of treatment.

TextSentencer_T3342

391461-391469

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T8366

391461-391469

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3343

391470-391608

Sentence

denotes

In all patients baseline levels of HIV-RNA were higher (P B/ 0.05) in the plasma (log 10 5.37'/0.93) than in the CSF (log 10 4.33'/1.379).

T14906

391470-391608

Sentence

denotes

In all patients baseline levels of HIV-RNA were higher (P B/ 0.05) in the plasma (log 10 5.37'/0.93) than in the CSF (log 10 4.33'/1.379).

TextSentencer_T3344

391609-391822

Sentence

denotes

The 7/13 patients who received dual therapy had undetectable levels (cut-off 200 copies/ml) of viral RNA at the follow-up in CSF, but not in plasma: three of these seven patients had a detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA.

T54547

391609-391822

Sentence

denotes

The 7/13 patients who received dual therapy had undetectable levels (cut-off 200 copies/ml) of viral RNA at the follow-up in CSF, but not in plasma: three of these seven patients had a detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA.

TextSentencer_T3345

391823-391922

Sentence

denotes

All 6/13 patients with HAART had undetectable HIV-1 RNA both in plasma and in CSF at the follow up.

T19133

391823-391922

Sentence

denotes

All 6/13 patients with HAART had undetectable HIV-1 RNA both in plasma and in CSF at the follow up.

TextSentencer_T3346

391923-391935

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T73107

391923-391935

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3347

391936-392123

Sentence

denotes

Dual NRTI therapy is rapidly effective in CSF (because of an high penetration of drugs through a more permeable blood Á/brain barrier and lower HIV RNA baseline levels) but not in plasma.

T66230

391936-392123

Sentence

denotes

Dual NRTI therapy is rapidly effective in CSF (because of an high penetration of drugs through a more permeable blood Á/brain barrier and lower HIV RNA baseline levels) but not in plasma.

TextSentencer_T3348

392124-392186

Sentence

denotes

HAART is rapidly and equally effective both in CSF and plasma.

T42355

392124-392186

Sentence

denotes

HAART is rapidly and equally effective both in CSF and plasma.

TextSentencer_T3349

392187-392361

Sentence

denotes

There are no reports of fulminant and fatal hepatic failure after the start of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in an HIV subject without chronic viral hepatitis.

T16827

392187-392361

Sentence

denotes

There are no reports of fulminant and fatal hepatic failure after the start of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in an HIV subject without chronic viral hepatitis.

TextSentencer_T3350

392362-392374

Sentence

denotes

Case report:

T23528

392362-392374

Sentence

denotes

Case report:

TextSentencer_T3351

392375-392455

Sentence

denotes

A 30-year-old naive AIDS woman with clinical symptoms due by a PCP was observed.

T45763

392375-392455

Sentence

denotes

A 30-year-old naive AIDS woman with clinical symptoms due by a PCP was observed.

TextSentencer_T3352

392456-392558

Sentence

denotes

Baseline ALT was increased (0.5 m.n.v.) because of a mild hepatosteatosis and a silent cholelithiasis.

T97974

392456-392558

Sentence

denotes

Baseline ALT was increased (0.5 m.n.v.) because of a mild hepatosteatosis and a silent cholelithiasis.

TextSentencer_T3353

392559-392662

Sentence

denotes

Serology for HBV, HDV and HCV was negative; IgG anti-HAV, anti-EBV, anti-CMV and anti-HSV were present.

T19541

392559-392662

Sentence

denotes

Serology for HBV, HDV and HCV was negative; IgG anti-HAV, anti-EBV, anti-CMV and anti-HSV were present.

TextSentencer_T3354

392663-392711

Sentence

denotes

HIV-1 RNA was 5.7 log 10, CD4'/ count was 26/ml.

T8828

392663-392711

Sentence

denotes

HIV-1 RNA was 5.7 log 10, CD4'/ count was 26/ml.

TextSentencer_T3355

392712-392834

Sentence

denotes

During the PCP treatment with cotrimoxazole ALT values increased ( !/5 m.n.v.); nevertheless, she completed the treatment.

T21625

392712-392834

Sentence

denotes

During the PCP treatment with cotrimoxazole ALT values increased ( !/5 m.n.v.); nevertheless, she completed the treatment.

TextSentencer_T3356

392835-392904

Sentence

denotes

Liver enzymes returned to the pre-treatment values over several days.

T14822

392835-392904

Sentence

denotes

Liver enzymes returned to the pre-treatment values over several days.

TextSentencer_T3357

392905-392969

Sentence

denotes

Then she started HAART with stavudine, lamivudine and efavirenz.

T21327

392905-392969

Sentence

denotes

Then she started HAART with stavudine, lamivudine and efavirenz.

TextSentencer_T3358

392970-393097

Sentence

denotes

After 10 days the patient showed an efavirenz-related skin rush that resolved within 5 days, without treatment discontinuation.

T22352

392970-393097

Sentence

denotes

After 10 days the patient showed an efavirenz-related skin rush that resolved within 5 days, without treatment discontinuation.

TextSentencer_T3359

393098-393155

Sentence

denotes

Fourteen days after the start of HAART jaundice appeared.

T89213

393098-393155

Sentence

denotes

Fourteen days after the start of HAART jaundice appeared.

TextSentencer_T3360

393156-393316

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory revealed severe ALT increase ( !/8 m.n.v.) and hyperbilirubinemia (17 mg/dl) and she died because of an acute liver failure syndrome within few days.

T41865

393156-393316

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory revealed severe ALT increase ( !/8 m.n.v.) and hyperbilirubinemia (17 mg/dl) and she died because of an acute liver failure syndrome within few days.

TextSentencer_T3361

393317-393545

Sentence

denotes

An HAART efavirenzbased regimen can result highly hepatotoxic when given in presence of a hepatosteatosis, of a recent hepatotoxicity caused by a nonantiretroviral treatment and of a previous idiosyncratic reaction to efavirenz.

T87327

393317-393545

Sentence

denotes

An HAART efavirenzbased regimen can result highly hepatotoxic when given in presence of a hepatosteatosis, of a recent hepatotoxicity caused by a nonantiretroviral treatment and of a previous idiosyncratic reaction to efavirenz.

TextSentencer_T3362

393546-393667

Sentence

denotes

Our experience with Bulgarian herbal extracts for improving the general condition of HIV-positive patients PM138 Methods:

T23909

393546-393667

Sentence

denotes

Our experience with Bulgarian herbal extracts for improving the general condition of HIV-positive patients PM138 Methods:

TextSentencer_T3363

393668-393836

Sentence

denotes

We used a combination of 19 Bulgarian herbal extracts and treated six patients, divided in two groups: three with symptomatic and three with asymptomatic HIV-infection.

T34848

393668-393836

Sentence

denotes

We used a combination of 19 Bulgarian herbal extracts and treated six patients, divided in two groups: three with symptomatic and three with asymptomatic HIV-infection.

TextSentencer_T3364

393837-394063

Sentence

denotes

The all three patients with asymptomatic HIV-infection were treated only with herbal extracts, another three patients with symptomatic HIV-infection were treated with combination of herbal extracts and anti-retroviral therapy.

T51815

393837-394063

Sentence

denotes

The all three patients with asymptomatic HIV-infection were treated only with herbal extracts, another three patients with symptomatic HIV-infection were treated with combination of herbal extracts and anti-retroviral therapy.

TextSentencer_T3365

394064-394160

Sentence

denotes

The general status of patients has been evaluated by both subjective and objective surveillance.

T80124

394064-394160

Sentence

denotes

The general status of patients has been evaluated by both subjective and objective surveillance.

TextSentencer_T3366

394161-394246

Sentence

denotes

The immunologic monitoring has been performed by absolute count of CD4'/ lymphocytes.

T64385

394161-394246

Sentence

denotes

The immunologic monitoring has been performed by absolute count of CD4'/ lymphocytes.

TextSentencer_T3367

394247-394255

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T25056

394247-394255

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3368

394256-394419

Sentence

denotes

All patients have shown an obvious improvement in their general condition: high spirit and working capacity, good appetite and sleep, a restoration of body weight.

T8860

394256-394419

Sentence

denotes

All patients have shown an obvious improvement in their general condition: high spirit and working capacity, good appetite and sleep, a restoration of body weight.

TextSentencer_T3369

394420-394491

Sentence

denotes

The number of CD4'/ lymphocytes has been lightly increased or constant.

T48730

394420-394491

Sentence

denotes

The number of CD4'/ lymphocytes has been lightly increased or constant.

TextSentencer_T3370

394492-394503

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T4443

394492-394503

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3371

394504-394644

Sentence

denotes

The combination of Bulgarian herbal extracts has shown significant positive effect on the general condition and improve the quality of life.

T60545

394504-394644

Sentence

denotes

The combination of Bulgarian herbal extracts has shown significant positive effect on the general condition and improve the quality of life.

TextSentencer_T3372

394645-394801

Sentence

denotes

Antifungal activity of in vitro and in vivo combinations of voriconazole with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B against Candida and Cryptococcus spp PM139

T95160

394645-394801

Sentence

denotes

Antifungal activity of in vitro and in vivo combinations of voriconazole with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B against Candida and Cryptococcus spp PM139

TextSentencer_T3373

394802-394867

Sentence

denotes

Hitchcock CA, Andrews RJ, Lewis BGH, Pye GW, Oliver GP, Troke PF.

T38404

394802-394867

Sentence

denotes

Hitchcock CA, Andrews RJ, Lewis BGH, Pye GW, Oliver GP, Troke PF.

TextSentencer_T3374

394868-394962

Sentence

denotes

Pfizer Global Research and Development, Department of Discovery Biology, Sandwich, UK Purpose:

T25461

394868-394962

Sentence

denotes

Pfizer Global Research and Development, Department of Discovery Biology, Sandwich, UK Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3375

394963-395222

Sentence

denotes

The present study was designed to determine whether the activity of voriconazole (VOR), a novel triazole, was reduced against candidal and cryptococcal infections by the addition of standard antifungal agents, amphotericin B (AMB) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC).

T71869

394963-395222

Sentence

denotes

The present study was designed to determine whether the activity of voriconazole (VOR), a novel triazole, was reduced against candidal and cryptococcal infections by the addition of standard antifungal agents, amphotericin B (AMB) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC).

TextSentencer_T3376

395223-395413

Sentence

denotes

VOR was tested in combination with standard antifungal agents both in vitro, using a checkerboard MIC determination test, and in vivo in immune normal guinea pig models of fungal infections.

T62366

395223-395413

Sentence

denotes

VOR was tested in combination with standard antifungal agents both in vitro, using a checkerboard MIC determination test, and in vivo in immune normal guinea pig models of fungal infections.

TextSentencer_T3377

395414-395547

Sentence

denotes

The results indicate that the efficacy of VOR against Candida albicans and C. neoformans was not antagonised by AMB or 5-FC in vitro.

T1889

395414-395547

Sentence

denotes

The results indicate that the efficacy of VOR against Candida albicans and C. neoformans was not antagonised by AMB or 5-FC in vitro.

TextSentencer_T3378

395548-395770

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, in guinea pig models of systemic candidiasis and intracranial cryptococcosis, no antagonism was observed between the lower doses of VOR and either AMB or 5-FC on the basis of reductions in tissue fungal loads.

T9517

395548-395770

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, in guinea pig models of systemic candidiasis and intracranial cryptococcosis, no antagonism was observed between the lower doses of VOR and either AMB or 5-FC on the basis of reductions in tissue fungal loads.

TextSentencer_T3379

395771-395976

Sentence

denotes

At the highest doses of VOR, both AMB and 5-FC showed some antagonism, but the combinations were still effective in significantly reducing fungal tissue loads compared with vehicle-treated control animals.

T48375

395771-395976

Sentence

denotes

At the highest doses of VOR, both AMB and 5-FC showed some antagonism, but the combinations were still effective in significantly reducing fungal tissue loads compared with vehicle-treated control animals.

TextSentencer_T3380

395977-395988

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T3994

395977-395988

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3381

395989-396235

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest that VOR may be used in combination with standard antifungal agents, and future studies to elucidate the clinical potential of VOR combination therapies in the management of Candida and Cryptococcus infections are warranted.

T63237

395989-396235

Sentence

denotes

These results suggest that VOR may be used in combination with standard antifungal agents, and future studies to elucidate the clinical potential of VOR combination therapies in the management of Candida and Cryptococcus infections are warranted.

TextSentencer_T3382

396236-396344

Sentence

denotes

Itraconazole in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor PM140 Tiodorovic J, Jovanovic D, Binic I, Nikolic LJ.

T55280

396236-396344

Sentence

denotes

Itraconazole in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor PM140 Tiodorovic J, Jovanovic D, Binic I, Nikolic LJ.

TextSentencer_T3383

396345-396541

Sentence

denotes

Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Dermatovenerology, Nis, Serbia, Yugoslavia A comparison of two short-term dose schedules with itraconazole was carried out in 50 patients with pityriasis versicolor.

T25410

396345-396541

Sentence

denotes

Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Dermatovenerology, Nis, Serbia, Yugoslavia A comparison of two short-term dose schedules with itraconazole was carried out in 50 patients with pityriasis versicolor.

TextSentencer_T3384

396542-396582

Sentence

denotes

The patients were divided in two groups.

T57216

396542-396582

Sentence

denotes

The patients were divided in two groups.

TextSentencer_T3385

396583-396658

Sentence

denotes

Each group consisted of 25 patients who completed the therapy and controls.

T26727

396583-396658

Sentence

denotes

Each group consisted of 25 patients who completed the therapy and controls.

TextSentencer_T3386

396659-396745

Sentence

denotes

The clinical diagnosis was confirmed mycologically, by direct microscopic examination.

T89514

396659-396745

Sentence

denotes

The clinical diagnosis was confirmed mycologically, by direct microscopic examination.

TextSentencer_T3387

396746-396811

Sentence

denotes

The first group received 400 mg of itraconazole daily for 3 days.

T12280

396746-396811

Sentence

denotes

The first group received 400 mg of itraconazole daily for 3 days.

TextSentencer_T3388

396812-396862

Sentence

denotes

The second group received 200 mg daily for 5 days.

T57853

396812-396862

Sentence

denotes

The second group received 200 mg daily for 5 days.

TextSentencer_T3389

396863-396970

Sentence

denotes

The patients were controlled clinically and mycologically 15 and 30 days after the initiation of treatment.

T88209

396863-396970

Sentence

denotes

The patients were controlled clinically and mycologically 15 and 30 days after the initiation of treatment.

TextSentencer_T3390

396971-397027

Sentence

denotes

Erythema, scaling and pruritus was evaluated clinically.

T18509

396971-397027

Sentence

denotes

Erythema, scaling and pruritus was evaluated clinically.

TextSentencer_T3391

397028-397090

Sentence

denotes

Clinically and mycologically cured patients accepted as cured.

T28211

397028-397090

Sentence

denotes

Clinically and mycologically cured patients accepted as cured.

TextSentencer_T3392

397091-397171

Sentence

denotes

The cure rate were 76% in the first group and 72% in the second group at day 30.

T22780

397091-397171

Sentence

denotes

The cure rate were 76% in the first group and 72% in the second group at day 30.

TextSentencer_T3393

397172-397216

Sentence

denotes

The effects of these two groups are similar.

T87218

397172-397216

Sentence

denotes

The effects of these two groups are similar.

TextSentencer_T3394

397217-397260

Sentence

denotes

None of the patients reported side-effects.

T46338

397217-397260

Sentence

denotes

None of the patients reported side-effects.

TextSentencer_T3395

397261-397366

Sentence

denotes

Fungal urinary infections: emerging species, antifungal susceptibility trends and antibody response PM141

T67984

397261-397366

Sentence

denotes

Fungal urinary infections: emerging species, antifungal susceptibility trends and antibody response PM141

TextSentencer_T3396

397367-397701

Sentence

denotes

Badawi HE a , Kamel AI b , Fam NS a , El-Sayed ME a , Elian SAE c . a Theodor Bilharz Medical Research Institute (TBMRI ), Microbiology, Giza, Egypt , b Theodor Bilharz Medical Research Institute (TBMRI ), Urosurgery, Giza, Egypt , c Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Objectives:

T6883

397367-397701

Sentence

denotes

Badawi HE a , Kamel AI b , Fam NS a , El-Sayed ME a , Elian SAE c . a Theodor Bilharz Medical Research Institute (TBMRI ), Microbiology, Giza, Egypt , b Theodor Bilharz Medical Research Institute (TBMRI ), Urosurgery, Giza, Egypt , c Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Objectives:

TextSentencer_T3397

397702-398020

Sentence

denotes

To assess the role of Candida species in 120 patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) with or without schistosomiasis and/or cancer bladder, to compare chromogenic; CHROMagar (CMA), BIGGY agar; morphologic (corn meal, rice agar-Tween 80) media and biochemical candifast test for identification of Candida species.

T32195

397702-398020

Sentence

denotes

To assess the role of Candida species in 120 patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) with or without schistosomiasis and/or cancer bladder, to compare chromogenic; CHROMagar (CMA), BIGGY agar; morphologic (corn meal, rice agar-Tween 80) media and biochemical candifast test for identification of Candida species.

TextSentencer_T3398

398021-398197

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antifungal agents using E -test and candifast and the performance of ELISA test for detection of anticandida antibodies (IgM and IgG) in serum were evaluated.

T22129

398021-398197

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antifungal agents using E -test and candifast and the performance of ELISA test for detection of anticandida antibodies (IgM and IgG) in serum were evaluated.

TextSentencer_T3399

398198-398285

Sentence

denotes

Results: C. albicans was the most frequent (43.4%) species responsible for fungal UTIs.

T84357

398198-398285

Sentence

denotes

Results: C. albicans was the most frequent (43.4%) species responsible for fungal UTIs.

TextSentencer_T3400

398286-398399

Sentence

denotes

However, non-albicans species, C. glabrata (23.3%), C. tropicalis (20%) and C. krusei (13.3%) were also isolated.

T93671

398286-398399

Sentence

denotes

However, non-albicans species, C. glabrata (23.3%), C. tropicalis (20%) and C. krusei (13.3%) were also isolated.

TextSentencer_T3401

398400-398505

Sentence

denotes

Rice agar-Tween 80 was found to be cheap, available and sufficient to make a final identification (100%).

T29648

398400-398505

Sentence

denotes

Rice agar-Tween 80 was found to be cheap, available and sufficient to make a final identification (100%).

TextSentencer_T3402

398506-398542

Sentence

denotes

CMA could not identify C. glabrata .

T72022

398506-398542

Sentence

denotes

CMA could not identify C. glabrata .

TextSentencer_T3403

398543-398605

Sentence

denotes

BIGGY agar could not adequately differentiate Candida species.

T35128

398543-398605

Sentence

denotes

BIGGY agar could not adequately differentiate Candida species.

TextSentencer_T3404

398606-398675

Sentence

denotes

Candifast biochemical identification showed low sensitivity of 83.3%.

T4934

398606-398675

Sentence

denotes

Candifast biochemical identification showed low sensitivity of 83.3%.

TextSentencer_T3405

398676-398805

Sentence

denotes

E -test on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) is simple method for MICs determination and could detect S-DD strains in case of azoles.

T28078

398676-398805

Sentence

denotes

E -test on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) is simple method for MICs determination and could detect S-DD strains in case of azoles.

TextSentencer_T3406

398806-398817

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T52939

398806-398817

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3407

398818-398866

Sentence

denotes

The emergence of non-albicans species such as C.

T56082

398818-398866

Sentence

denotes

The emergence of non-albicans species such as C.

TextSentencer_T3408

398867-398943

Sentence

denotes

glabrata , C. tropicalis and C. krusei have contributed to complicated UTIs.

T35149

398867-398943

Sentence

denotes

glabrata , C. tropicalis and C. krusei have contributed to complicated UTIs.

TextSentencer_T3409

398944-399032

Sentence

denotes

This necessitates accurate isolation and identification of Candida to the species level.

T80452

398944-399032

Sentence

denotes

This necessitates accurate isolation and identification of Candida to the species level.

TextSentencer_T3410

399033-399199

Sentence

denotes

Morphology on rice agar-Tween 80 and antifungal susceptibility using E -test on SDA is a simle rapid scheme for routine identification of clinically important yeasts.

T65505

399033-399199

Sentence

denotes

Morphology on rice agar-Tween 80 and antifungal susceptibility using E -test on SDA is a simle rapid scheme for routine identification of clinically important yeasts.

TextSentencer_T3411

399200-399208

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T74000

399200-399208

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3412

399209-399331

Sentence

denotes

Classification of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis (AFR) is based on the immunologic relationship of the host to the fungus.

T97007

399209-399331

Sentence

denotes

Classification of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis (AFR) is based on the immunologic relationship of the host to the fungus.

TextSentencer_T3413

399332-399494

Sentence

denotes

AFR must be differentiated from other fungal rhinosinusitis infections, which include acute invasive, chronic invasive, fungal balls and saprophytic colonization.

T42809

399332-399494

Sentence

denotes

AFR must be differentiated from other fungal rhinosinusitis infections, which include acute invasive, chronic invasive, fungal balls and saprophytic colonization.

TextSentencer_T3414

399495-399663

Sentence

denotes

Although many cases of fungal rhinosinusitis is caused by species of Aspergillis , dermatiaceous moulds have become an emerging pathogen in immunocompetent individuals.

T12576

399495-399663

Sentence

denotes

Although many cases of fungal rhinosinusitis is caused by species of Aspergillis , dermatiaceous moulds have become an emerging pathogen in immunocompetent individuals.

TextSentencer_T3415

399664-399672

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T31983

399664-399672

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3416

399673-399783

Sentence

denotes

Our case study involved a 36 year male suffering from facial pain, headache, postnasal drip and loss of smell.

T36564

399673-399783

Sentence

denotes

Our case study involved a 36 year male suffering from facial pain, headache, postnasal drip and loss of smell.

TextSentencer_T3417

399784-399820

Sentence

denotes

He was HIV negative and a nonsmoker.

T89603

399784-399820

Sentence

denotes

He was HIV negative and a nonsmoker.

TextSentencer_T3418

399821-399867

Sentence

denotes

The following laboratory tests were performed:

T95083

399821-399867

Sentence

denotes

The following laboratory tests were performed:

TextSentencer_T3419

399868-400094

Sentence

denotes

IgE-2331.40 (0.00 Á/25.00) IU/ml IgA-2.16 (0.70 Á/4.00) g/l IgM-0.61 (0.40 Á/ 2.30) g/l Allergen specific IgE for Alternaria */20.00 (0.00 Á/0.5) kU/l FBC-Normal except eosinophils slightly raised 0.60 (0.00 Á/0.50))/10 9 / l.

T68065

399868-400094

Sentence

denotes

IgE-2331.40 (0.00 Á/25.00) IU/ml IgA-2.16 (0.70 Á/4.00) g/l IgM-0.61 (0.40 Á/ 2.30) g/l Allergen specific IgE for Alternaria */20.00 (0.00 Á/0.5) kU/l FBC-Normal except eosinophils slightly raised 0.60 (0.00 Á/0.50))/10 9 / l.

TextSentencer_T3420

400095-400202

Sentence

denotes

CT scans indicated fungus proliferation, bone erosion and extension of disease into adjacent anatomic area.

T83569

400095-400202

Sentence

denotes

CT scans indicated fungus proliferation, bone erosion and extension of disease into adjacent anatomic area.

TextSentencer_T3421

400203-400274

Sentence

denotes

Sinus tissue following debridement was sent for microscopy and culture.

T7363

400203-400274

Sentence

denotes

Sinus tissue following debridement was sent for microscopy and culture.

TextSentencer_T3422

400275-400391

Sentence

denotes

Hyphae was microscopically observed and cultures yielded two dermatiaceous fungi, Bipolaris spp and Alternaria spp .

T90375

400275-400391

Sentence

denotes

Hyphae was microscopically observed and cultures yielded two dermatiaceous fungi, Bipolaris spp and Alternaria spp .

TextSentencer_T3423

400392-400403

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T33357

400392-400403

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3424

400404-400519

Sentence

denotes

It is important to differentiate these two species from Curvularia , Helminthosporum , Drechelria and Exserohilum .

T4328

400404-400519

Sentence

denotes

It is important to differentiate these two species from Curvularia , Helminthosporum , Drechelria and Exserohilum .

TextSentencer_T3425

400520-400723

Sentence

denotes

Knowledge of these dermatiaceous fungi is important in directing appropriate antifungal therapy and selecting the correct antigens for postsurgical immunotherapy after initial debridement and irrigation.

T65285

400520-400723

Sentence

denotes

Knowledge of these dermatiaceous fungi is important in directing appropriate antifungal therapy and selecting the correct antigens for postsurgical immunotherapy after initial debridement and irrigation.

TextSentencer_T3426

400724-400873

Sentence

denotes

Antifungal activity of in vitro and in vivo combinations of voriconazole with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B against Aspergillus fumigatus PM143

T7296

400724-400873

Sentence

denotes

Antifungal activity of in vitro and in vivo combinations of voriconazole with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B against Aspergillus fumigatus PM143

TextSentencer_T3427

400874-400939

Sentence

denotes

Hitchcock CA, Andrews RJ, Lewis BGH, Pye GW, Oliver GP, Troke PF.

T31553

400874-400939

Sentence

denotes

Hitchcock CA, Andrews RJ, Lewis BGH, Pye GW, Oliver GP, Troke PF.

TextSentencer_T3428

400940-401034

Sentence

denotes

Pfizer Global Research and Development, Department of Discovery Biology, Sandwich, UK Purpose:

T39249

400940-401034

Sentence

denotes

Pfizer Global Research and Development, Department of Discovery Biology, Sandwich, UK Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3429

401035-401172

Sentence

denotes

A key requisite for a new antifungal drug is to demonstrate that it is devoid of significant antagonism in combination with other agents.

T26078

401035-401172

Sentence

denotes

A key requisite for a new antifungal drug is to demonstrate that it is devoid of significant antagonism in combination with other agents.

TextSentencer_T3430

401173-401485

Sentence

denotes

Combinations of the new triazole, voriconazole (VOR), and standard antifungal agents (5-fluorocytosine or amphotericin B; 5-FC or AMB) were tested against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro and in guinea pig models of infections to confirm that antifungal activity was not antagonised by using combination therapies.

T96572

401173-401485

Sentence

denotes

Combinations of the new triazole, voriconazole (VOR), and standard antifungal agents (5-fluorocytosine or amphotericin B; 5-FC or AMB) were tested against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro and in guinea pig models of infections to confirm that antifungal activity was not antagonised by using combination therapies.

TextSentencer_T3431

401486-401688

Sentence

denotes

VOR was studied in combination with AMB or 5-FC in vitro, using a checkerboard MIC determination test, and in vivo, using immune normal and immunocompromised guinea pig models of systemic aspergillosis.

T33363

401486-401688

Sentence

denotes

VOR was studied in combination with AMB or 5-FC in vitro, using a checkerboard MIC determination test, and in vivo, using immune normal and immunocompromised guinea pig models of systemic aspergillosis.

TextSentencer_T3432

401689-401697

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T9408

401689-401697

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3433

401698-401938

Sentence

denotes

The results indicate that the potency of VOR was not antagonised by AMB or 5-FC in vivo; indeed, at lower concentrations of VOR, significant improvements in reducing fungal burden in both in vivo models were achieved by the addition of AMB.

T25272

401698-401938

Sentence

denotes

The results indicate that the potency of VOR was not antagonised by AMB or 5-FC in vivo; indeed, at lower concentrations of VOR, significant improvements in reducing fungal burden in both in vivo models were achieved by the addition of AMB.

TextSentencer_T3434

401939-402062

Sentence

denotes

In vitro, no antagonism was found between VOR and AMB, although 5-FC had a significant antagonistic effect on VOR activity.

T66114

401939-402062

Sentence

denotes

In vitro, no antagonism was found between VOR and AMB, although 5-FC had a significant antagonistic effect on VOR activity.

TextSentencer_T3435

402063-402074

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T87729

402063-402074

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3436

402075-402311

Sentence

denotes

These results from in vitro and in vivo models of aspergillosis suggest that VOR may be used in combination with standard antifungal agents and, therefore, justify further examinations of VOR combination therapies in a clinical setting.

T54884

402075-402311

Sentence

denotes

These results from in vitro and in vivo models of aspergillosis suggest that VOR may be used in combination with standard antifungal agents and, therefore, justify further examinations of VOR combination therapies in a clinical setting.

TextSentencer_T3437

402312-402472

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of caspofungin compared to that of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole against Candida species PM144 Arikan S, Sancak B, Hascelik G.

T5410

402312-402472

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of caspofungin compared to that of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole against Candida species PM144 Arikan S, Sancak B, Hascelik G.

TextSentencer_T3438

402473-402587

Sentence

denotes

Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey Purpose:

T45495

402473-402587

Sentence

denotes

Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3439

402588-402778

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the in vitro activity of caspofungin against various Candida spp. and particularly against isolates with decreased amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole susceptibilities.

T18989

402588-402778

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the in vitro activity of caspofungin against various Candida spp. and particularly against isolates with decreased amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole susceptibilities.

TextSentencer_T3440

402779-402787

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T6985

402779-402787

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3441

402788-402891

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility tests were done by NCCLS M27A microdilution guidelines for 239 clinical Candida strains.

T64724

402788-402891

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility tests were done by NCCLS M27A microdilution guidelines for 239 clinical Candida strains.

TextSentencer_T3442

402892-402934

Sentence

denotes

The MICs (mg/ml) were read at 24 and 48 h.

T18363

402892-402934

Sentence

denotes

The MICs (mg/ml) were read at 24 and 48 h.

TextSentencer_T3443

402935-402943

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T81823

402935-402943

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3444

402944-402992

Sentence

denotes

Caspofungin MICs at 24 h are shown in the table.

T16814

402944-402992

Sentence

denotes

Caspofungin MICs at 24 h are shown in the table.

TextSentencer_T3445

402993-403036

Sentence

denotes

MICs at 48 h were similar to 24 h readings.

T48175

402993-403036

Sentence

denotes

MICs at 48 h were similar to 24 h readings.

TextSentencer_T3446

403037-403136

Sentence

denotes

Expectedly, no evidence of crossresistance was detected between caspofungin and other drugs tested.

T40079

403037-403136

Sentence

denotes

Expectedly, no evidence of crossresistance was detected between caspofungin and other drugs tested.

TextSentencer_T3447

403137-403240

Sentence

denotes

Caspofungin was similarly active against fluconazole-or itraconazolesusceptible and resistant isolates.

T95792

403137-403240

Sentence

denotes

Caspofungin was similarly active against fluconazole-or itraconazolesusceptible and resistant isolates.

TextSentencer_T3448

403241-403559

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) Caspofungin is active in vitro against all Candida spp. tested. (2) Caspofungin MICs are slightly higher for C. parapsilosis compared to other species. (3) Its activity against fluconazole-and itraconazole-resistant isolates is noteworthy. (4) Validation of these data require clinical investigations.

T43093

403241-403559

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) Caspofungin is active in vitro against all Candida spp. tested. (2) Caspofungin MICs are slightly higher for C. parapsilosis compared to other species. (3) Its activity against fluconazole-and itraconazole-resistant isolates is noteworthy. (4) Validation of these data require clinical investigations.

TextSentencer_T3449

403561-403633

Sentence

denotes

Oropharyngeal microbiological samples of 80 BMT patients were evaluated.

T18252

403561-403633

Sentence

denotes

Oropharyngeal microbiological samples of 80 BMT patients were evaluated.

TextSentencer_T3450

403634-403834

Sentence

denotes

Weekly cultures (days (/7, 0 and '/7) revealed presence of fungi in 27 patients (33.7%): in four (5%) patients before BMT only, in 12 (15%) after BMT only, and in 11 (13.8%) both before and after BMT.

T97173

403634-403834

Sentence

denotes

Weekly cultures (days (/7, 0 and '/7) revealed presence of fungi in 27 patients (33.7%): in four (5%) patients before BMT only, in 12 (15%) after BMT only, and in 11 (13.8%) both before and after BMT.

TextSentencer_T3451

403835-403928

Sentence

denotes

In one patient Candida norvegensis was isolated from the throat, buccal and palatal surfaces.

T17886

403835-403928

Sentence

denotes

In one patient Candida norvegensis was isolated from the throat, buccal and palatal surfaces.

TextSentencer_T3452

403929-404098

Sentence

denotes

Three C. albicans , two C. krusei , and three C. norvegensis from four patients were chosen to comper their antifungal sensitivities and extracellular virulence factors.

T61564

403929-404098

Sentence

denotes

Three C. albicans , two C. krusei , and three C. norvegensis from four patients were chosen to comper their antifungal sensitivities and extracellular virulence factors.

TextSentencer_T3453

404099-404245

Sentence

denotes

Using Fungitest method we determined the sensitivities of these isolates to flucytosine, amphotericin B, miconazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole.

T95465

404099-404245

Sentence

denotes

Using Fungitest method we determined the sensitivities of these isolates to flucytosine, amphotericin B, miconazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole.

TextSentencer_T3454

404246-404312

Sentence

denotes

The fluconazole sensitivities were also determined by the E -test.

T62673

404246-404312

Sentence

denotes

The fluconazole sensitivities were also determined by the E -test.

TextSentencer_T3455

404313-404454

Sentence

denotes

On the basis of the Fungitest data the three C. norvegensis isolates were sensitive to flucytosine, amphotericin B, and also to ketoconazole.

T4467

404313-404454

Sentence

denotes

On the basis of the Fungitest data the three C. norvegensis isolates were sensitive to flucytosine, amphotericin B, and also to ketoconazole.

TextSentencer_T3456

404455-404543

Sentence

denotes

In case of fluconazole and miconazole they proved to be susceptible dependent upon dose.

T46406

404455-404543

Sentence

denotes

In case of fluconazole and miconazole they proved to be susceptible dependent upon dose.

TextSentencer_T3457

404544-404680

Sentence

denotes

The MIC fluconazole values determined by the E -test for the three C. norvegensis isolates were 96, ]/256 and ]/256 mg/ml, respectively.

T54080

404544-404680

Sentence

denotes

The MIC fluconazole values determined by the E -test for the three C. norvegensis isolates were 96, ]/256 and ]/256 mg/ml, respectively.

TextSentencer_T3458

404681-404834

Sentence

denotes

The oropharyngeal isolates of C. norvegensis produced high amounts of extracellular aspartic protease and phospholipase similarly to C. albicans strains.

T23567

404681-404834

Sentence

denotes

The oropharyngeal isolates of C. norvegensis produced high amounts of extracellular aspartic protease and phospholipase similarly to C. albicans strains.

TextSentencer_T3459

404835-404921

Sentence

denotes

These enzymes may contribute to the pathogenesis of this new emerging Candida species.

T47390

404835-404921

Sentence

denotes

These enzymes may contribute to the pathogenesis of this new emerging Candida species.

TextSentencer_T3460

404922-405051

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activities of antifungal and antiseptic agents against Rhodotorula sp PM148 Preney L, Théraud M, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP.

T89734

404922-405051

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activities of antifungal and antiseptic agents against Rhodotorula sp PM148 Preney L, Théraud M, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP.

TextSentencer_T3461

405052-405109

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Rennes, France

T53565

405052-405109

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Rennes, France

TextSentencer_T3462

405110-405131

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

T43988

405110-405131

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T3463

405132-405202

Sentence

denotes

Rhodotorula species are common saprophyte yeasts widespread in nature.

T4659

405132-405202

Sentence

denotes

Rhodotorula species are common saprophyte yeasts widespread in nature.

TextSentencer_T3464

405203-405369

Sentence

denotes

Since the last 10 years, they have been implicated in several severe infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, and various antifungal therapies were used.

T12661

405203-405369

Sentence

denotes

Since the last 10 years, they have been implicated in several severe infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, and various antifungal therapies were used.

TextSentencer_T3465

405370-405488

Sentence

denotes

However, only limited data are available on the susceptibility of Rhodotorula sp. to antifungal and antiseptic agents.

T14856

405370-405488

Sentence

denotes

However, only limited data are available on the susceptibility of Rhodotorula sp. to antifungal and antiseptic agents.

TextSentencer_T3466

405489-405510

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T616

405489-405510

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T3467

405511-405746

Sentence

denotes

In this work, we evaluated the in vitro activities of eight antifungal agents against 30 strains of Rhodotorula (21 strains of R. rubra and nine strains of R. glutinis using ATB Fungus system (bioMerieux) and Etest strips (AB-Biodisk).

T42517

405511-405746

Sentence

denotes

In this work, we evaluated the in vitro activities of eight antifungal agents against 30 strains of Rhodotorula (21 strains of R. rubra and nine strains of R. glutinis using ATB Fungus system (bioMerieux) and Etest strips (AB-Biodisk).

TextSentencer_T3468

405747-405835

Sentence

denotes

Beside, the effect of eight antiseptic agents was assessed on a suspension of R. rubra .

T99278

405747-405835

Sentence

denotes

Beside, the effect of eight antiseptic agents was assessed on a suspension of R. rubra .

TextSentencer_T3469

405836-405979

Sentence

denotes

The quantification of yeasts after exposure to antiseptic agents was performed by subculturings using a microtitration method in 96well plates.

T60691

405836-405979

Sentence

denotes

The quantification of yeasts after exposure to antiseptic agents was performed by subculturings using a microtitration method in 96well plates.

TextSentencer_T3470

405980-406003

Sentence

denotes

Results and discussion:

T23905

405980-406003

Sentence

denotes

Results and discussion:

TextSentencer_T3471

406004-406077

Sentence

denotes

All strains tested were susceptible to amphotericin B, 5FC, and nystatin.

T38170

406004-406077

Sentence

denotes

All strains tested were susceptible to amphotericin B, 5FC, and nystatin.

TextSentencer_T3472

406078-406186

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-nine out of 30 strains were susceptible to ketoconazole, 21 out of 30 were intermediate to econazole.

T35725

406078-406186

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-nine out of 30 strains were susceptible to ketoconazole, 21 out of 30 were intermediate to econazole.

TextSentencer_T3473

406187-406437

Sentence

denotes

All strains were resistant to fluconazole (CMI!/64 mg/ml) and itraconazole (CMI!/1 mg/ml), and 29 out of 30 were resistant to miconazole, suggesting that antifungal therapy must be adapted when Rhodotorula yeasts are implicated in invasive infection.

T87902

406187-406437

Sentence

denotes

All strains were resistant to fluconazole (CMI!/64 mg/ml) and itraconazole (CMI!/1 mg/ml), and 29 out of 30 were resistant to miconazole, suggesting that antifungal therapy must be adapted when Rhodotorula yeasts are implicated in invasive infection.

TextSentencer_T3474

406438-406579

Sentence

denotes

Beside, 5 min exposure to sodium hypochlorite 128, chlorhexidine 0.5% or Ecodiol (isopropyl alcohol'/alkylamin) showed fungicidal activities.

T6968

406438-406579

Sentence

denotes

Beside, 5 min exposure to sodium hypochlorite 128, chlorhexidine 0.5% or Ecodiol (isopropyl alcohol'/alkylamin) showed fungicidal activities.

TextSentencer_T3475

406580-406712

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing of Aspergillus fumigatus and emerging Aspergillus pathogens by a modification of the NCCLS M38-P method PM149

T97975

406580-406712

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing of Aspergillus fumigatus and emerging Aspergillus pathogens by a modification of the NCCLS M38-P method PM149

TextSentencer_T3476

406713-407091

Sentence

denotes

Logotheti M a , Kapsanaki-Gotsi E b , Velegraki A a , Zagoura D b . a Department of Microbiology, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece , b Biology Department, Section Ecology and Systematics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Aspergillosis in high risk groups of patients is still associated with high mortality rate (30 Á/90%).

T91444

406713-407091

Sentence

denotes

Logotheti M a , Kapsanaki-Gotsi E b , Velegraki A a , Zagoura D b . a Department of Microbiology, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece , b Biology Department, Section Ecology and Systematics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Aspergillosis in high risk groups of patients is still associated with high mortality rate (30 Á/90%).

TextSentencer_T3477

407092-407198

Sentence

denotes

Aspergillus fumigatus is the primary pathogen, while other opportunistic Aspergillus species are emerging.

T36383

407092-407198

Sentence

denotes

Aspergillus fumigatus is the primary pathogen, while other opportunistic Aspergillus species are emerging.

TextSentencer_T3478

407199-407384

Sentence

denotes

Amphotericin B (AB), itraconazole (IT), voriconazole (VO) and terbinafine (TE) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by modifying the NCCLS M38-P microdilution method.

T81756

407199-407384

Sentence

denotes

Amphotericin B (AB), itraconazole (IT), voriconazole (VO) and terbinafine (TE) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by modifying the NCCLS M38-P microdilution method.

TextSentencer_T3479

407385-407495

Sentence

denotes

Stock drug solutions were prepared in RPMI 1640, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and polyethylene glycol (PEG 400).

T16947

407385-407495

Sentence

denotes

Stock drug solutions were prepared in RPMI 1640, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and polyethylene glycol (PEG 400).

TextSentencer_T3480

407496-407665

Sentence

denotes

Inocula, of the A. fumigatus group (7), A. flavus group (6) (2) and the M38-P quality control strains were prepared according to, and by modifying, the NCCLS guidelines.

T8972

407496-407665

Sentence

denotes

Inocula, of the A. fumigatus group (7), A. flavus group (6) (2) and the M38-P quality control strains were prepared according to, and by modifying, the NCCLS guidelines.

TextSentencer_T3481

407666-407728

Sentence

denotes

Plates were incubated at 30 and 35 8C and read at 24 and 48 h.

T98686

407666-407728

Sentence

denotes

Plates were incubated at 30 and 35 8C and read at 24 and 48 h.

TextSentencer_T3482

407729-407808

Sentence

denotes

PEG 400 effectively dissolved IT and VO, while either DMSO or PEG dissolved TE.

T42162

407729-407808

Sentence

denotes

PEG 400 effectively dissolved IT and VO, while either DMSO or PEG dissolved TE.

TextSentencer_T3483

407809-407889

Sentence

denotes

Low 30 and 35 8C Á/48 h AB, IT, VO and TE MICs (0.062 Á/0.5 mg/l) were recorded.

T71124

407809-407889

Sentence

denotes

Low 30 and 35 8C Á/48 h AB, IT, VO and TE MICs (0.062 Á/0.5 mg/l) were recorded.

TextSentencer_T3484

407890-407949

Sentence

denotes

A. terreus (1) and A. parasiticus (2) were resistant to AB.

T50866

407890-407949

Sentence

denotes

A. terreus (1) and A. parasiticus (2) were resistant to AB.

TextSentencer_T3485

407950-408021

Sentence

denotes

Certain clinical isolates demonstrate clinical and in vitro resistance.

T36557

407950-408021

Sentence

denotes

Certain clinical isolates demonstrate clinical and in vitro resistance.

TextSentencer_T3486

408022-408143

Sentence

denotes

Standardization of susceptibility testing would offer reliable assistance in selecting and monitoring antifungal therapy.

T58920

408022-408143

Sentence

denotes

Standardization of susceptibility testing would offer reliable assistance in selecting and monitoring antifungal therapy.

TextSentencer_T3487

408144-408171

Sentence

denotes

Otag F, Aslan, G, Ozturk C.

T30482

408144-408171

Sentence

denotes

Otag F, Aslan, G, Ozturk C.

TextSentencer_T3488

408172-408251

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

T97667

408172-408251

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

TextSentencer_T3489

408252-408313

Sentence

denotes

Rates of opportunistic fungal infections have risen markedly.

T52361

408252-408313

Sentence

denotes

Rates of opportunistic fungal infections have risen markedly.

TextSentencer_T3490

408314-408494

Sentence

denotes

Because some of these species have potential resistance to antifungal agents, rapid presumptive species level identification is crucial in allowing for directed antifungal therapy.

T73305

408314-408494

Sentence

denotes

Because some of these species have potential resistance to antifungal agents, rapid presumptive species level identification is crucial in allowing for directed antifungal therapy.

TextSentencer_T3491

408495-408609

Sentence

denotes

In this study, 55 isolated yeasts from the clinical specimens were identified by ATB ID 32 C (BioMerieux, France).

T57382

408495-408609

Sentence

denotes

In this study, 55 isolated yeasts from the clinical specimens were identified by ATB ID 32 C (BioMerieux, France).

TextSentencer_T3492

408610-408876

Sentence

denotes

The number of identified yeasts were, respectively; 33 (60%) Candida albicans , six (10%) C. glabrata , five (9.1%) C. tropicalis , three (5.4%) C. parapsilosis , two (3.6%) C. krusei , two (3.6%) C. kefyr , one (1.8%) C. guillermondii , one (1.8%) C. dubliniensis .

T41684

408610-408876

Sentence

denotes

The number of identified yeasts were, respectively; 33 (60%) Candida albicans , six (10%) C. glabrata , five (9.1%) C. tropicalis , three (5.4%) C. parapsilosis , two (3.6%) C. krusei , two (3.6%) C. kefyr , one (1.8%) C. guillermondii , one (1.8%) C. dubliniensis .

TextSentencer_T3493

408877-408988

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-one of 55 strains were investigated for antifungal sensitivities by ATB Fungus kit (BioMerieux, France).

T90144

408877-408988

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-one of 55 strains were investigated for antifungal sensitivities by ATB Fungus kit (BioMerieux, France).

TextSentencer_T3494

408989-409016

Sentence

denotes

The results are as follows:

T16737

408989-409016

Sentence

denotes

The results are as follows:

TextSentencer_T3495

409017-409140

Sentence

denotes

100% sensitivity was detected to myconasol, 94% to flusitozin, nystatin and econasol, 95% to amphtericin B and ketokonazol.

T39246

409017-409140

Sentence

denotes

100% sensitivity was detected to myconasol, 94% to flusitozin, nystatin and econasol, 95% to amphtericin B and ketokonazol.

TextSentencer_T3496

409141-409273

Sentence

denotes

It is important to achieve empirik treatment of the opportunistic Candida infections and the following of resistance to antifungals.

T98723

409141-409273

Sentence

denotes

It is important to achieve empirik treatment of the opportunistic Candida infections and the following of resistance to antifungals.

TextSentencer_T3497

409274-409305

Sentence

denotes

Shakhmatov DA, Strelchenco, OV.

T48961

409274-409305

Sentence

denotes

Shakhmatov DA, Strelchenco, OV.

TextSentencer_T3498

409306-409550

Sentence

denotes

Novosibirsk State Medical Academy, Dermatovenerology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation At the present stage in Russia with a background of a high case rate of syphilis, it becomes necessary to exclude biological false positive serological tests.

T86048

409306-409550

Sentence

denotes

Novosibirsk State Medical Academy, Dermatovenerology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation At the present stage in Russia with a background of a high case rate of syphilis, it becomes necessary to exclude biological false positive serological tests.

TextSentencer_T3499

409551-409717

Sentence

denotes

Because the serodiagnosis of syphilis has significant limitations, the direct detection of T. pallidum in suspect blood may serve as an alternate diagnostic strategy.

T47169

409551-409717

Sentence

denotes

Because the serodiagnosis of syphilis has significant limitations, the direct detection of T. pallidum in suspect blood may serve as an alternate diagnostic strategy.

TextSentencer_T3500

409718-409801

Sentence

denotes

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been the most widely used amplification method.

T1442

409718-409801

Sentence

denotes

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been the most widely used amplification method.

TextSentencer_T3501

409802-410002

Sentence

denotes

The study of 56 patients receiving examination related and treatment for syphilis in STD clinic and persons directed from other hospitals where routine serologic examination revealed doubtful results.

T12918

409802-410002

Sentence

denotes

The study of 56 patients receiving examination related and treatment for syphilis in STD clinic and persons directed from other hospitals where routine serologic examination revealed doubtful results.

TextSentencer_T3502

410003-410133

Sentence

denotes

PCR reaction was carried out with nested primer pairs based on the DNA sequence of the 47 Á/1 and 47 Á/2 kDa gene of T. pallidum .

T86059

410003-410133

Sentence

denotes

PCR reaction was carried out with nested primer pairs based on the DNA sequence of the 47 Á/1 and 47 Á/2 kDa gene of T. pallidum .

TextSentencer_T3503

410134-410168

Sentence

denotes

PCR was utilized with whole blood.

T44243

410134-410168

Sentence

denotes

PCR was utilized with whole blood.

TextSentencer_T3504

410169-410257

Sentence

denotes

A complex of serological tests: FTA-abs and TIT was used as the &rdqup; gold standard''.

T54034

410169-410257

Sentence

denotes

A complex of serological tests: FTA-abs and TIT was used as the &rdqup; gold standard''.

TextSentencer_T3505

410258-410329

Sentence

denotes

As a result the sensitivity of PCR was 91.2% and specificity was 90.9%.

T97898

410258-410329

Sentence

denotes

As a result the sensitivity of PCR was 91.2% and specificity was 90.9%.

TextSentencer_T3506

410330-410458

Sentence

denotes

Selective comparison of PCR results with VDRL, the FTA-abs and treponemal immobilisation test (TIT) has shown concurrence 96.8%.

T44069

410330-410458

Sentence

denotes

Selective comparison of PCR results with VDRL, the FTA-abs and treponemal immobilisation test (TIT) has shown concurrence 96.8%.

TextSentencer_T3507

410459-410642

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, the preliminary results of PCR in whole blood in syphilis detection revealed its high sensitivity and specificity; possibility to obtain rapid results in unclear cases.

T57923

410459-410642

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, the preliminary results of PCR in whole blood in syphilis detection revealed its high sensitivity and specificity; possibility to obtain rapid results in unclear cases.

TextSentencer_T3508

410643-410758

Sentence

denotes

Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) is an atypical pathogen whit intracellular location, whose eradication is very difficult.

T2563

410643-410758

Sentence

denotes

Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) is an atypical pathogen whit intracellular location, whose eradication is very difficult.

TextSentencer_T3509

410759-410979

Sentence

denotes

In the past years it has been objects of many studies that lead to the demonstration of a relationship between its presence and the development of widespread multifactorial pathologies such as atherosclerosis and asthma.

T20691

410759-410979

Sentence

denotes

In the past years it has been objects of many studies that lead to the demonstration of a relationship between its presence and the development of widespread multifactorial pathologies such as atherosclerosis and asthma.

TextSentencer_T3510

410980-411060

Sentence

denotes

The lack of its eradication can become an important clinical and social problem.

T7172

410980-411060

Sentence

denotes

The lack of its eradication can become an important clinical and social problem.

TextSentencer_T3511

411061-411242

Sentence

denotes

The study objective is the comprehension of pathogen Á/host interaction mechanism, to characterize therapeutics protocols that cold lead to complete eradication of Cp from organism.

T96844

411061-411242

Sentence

denotes

The study objective is the comprehension of pathogen Á/host interaction mechanism, to characterize therapeutics protocols that cold lead to complete eradication of Cp from organism.

TextSentencer_T3512

411243-411384

Sentence

denotes

The research had been principally made on the studying the molecular mechanisms that are at the root of pathogen permanence inside host cell.

T37633

411243-411384

Sentence

denotes

The research had been principally made on the studying the molecular mechanisms that are at the root of pathogen permanence inside host cell.

TextSentencer_T3513

411385-411501

Sentence

denotes

Using proliferation and apoptosis tests we underlined a different behaviour of infected cells towards control cells.

T81363

411385-411501

Sentence

denotes

Using proliferation and apoptosis tests we underlined a different behaviour of infected cells towards control cells.

TextSentencer_T3514

411502-411765

Sentence

denotes

In presence of P1 (20 mg/ml), i.e. a peptide that can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in vitro inhibiting NF-kB, uninfected cells proliferation decreased of 35% in comparison whit the controls, while the one of infected decreased only of about 15%.

T83937

411502-411765

Sentence

denotes

In presence of P1 (20 mg/ml), i.e. a peptide that can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in vitro inhibiting NF-kB, uninfected cells proliferation decreased of 35% in comparison whit the controls, while the one of infected decreased only of about 15%.

TextSentencer_T3515

411766-411898

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, using various apoptosis-inducers, the infected cells showing apoptosis were about 10% while the uninfected were about 40%.

T68335

411766-411898

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, using various apoptosis-inducers, the infected cells showing apoptosis were about 10% while the uninfected were about 40%.

TextSentencer_T3516

411899-411968

Sentence

denotes

The caspace III activity increased significantly in uninfected cells.

T16509

411899-411968

Sentence

denotes

The caspace III activity increased significantly in uninfected cells.

TextSentencer_T3517

411969-412075

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, Cp could delay its elimination from the host inhibiting the apoptosis via NF-kB activation.

T21047

411969-412075

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, Cp could delay its elimination from the host inhibiting the apoptosis via NF-kB activation.

TextSentencer_T3518

412076-412311

Sentence

denotes

Hryniewiecki T a , Gzyl A b , Rawczynska-Englert I a , a Department of Acquired Valvular Heart Disease, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland , b Department of Sera and Vaccines, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland

T95566

412076-412311

Sentence

denotes

Hryniewiecki T a , Gzyl A b , Rawczynska-Englert I a , a Department of Acquired Valvular Heart Disease, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland , b Department of Sera and Vaccines, National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland

TextSentencer_T3519

412312-412501

Sentence

denotes

Infective endocarditis (IE) frequently causes problems in diagnosis, especially where blood cultures are negative and with fungal etiology (also as a fungal superinfection in bacterial IE).

T87242

412312-412501

Sentence

denotes

Infective endocarditis (IE) frequently causes problems in diagnosis, especially where blood cultures are negative and with fungal etiology (also as a fungal superinfection in bacterial IE).

TextSentencer_T3520

412502-412527

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

T72589

412502-412527

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T3521

412528-412664

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of broad-range fungal PCR in diagnosis of fungal superinfection of bacterial IE.

T30743

412528-412664

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of broad-range fungal PCR in diagnosis of fungal superinfection of bacterial IE.

TextSentencer_T3522

412665-412757

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-five blood samples were taken for analysis from patients with infective endocarditis.

T43921

412665-412757

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-five blood samples were taken for analysis from patients with infective endocarditis.

TextSentencer_T3523

412758-412836

Sentence

denotes

IE was diagnosed according to Duke criteria including positive blood cultures.

T15162

412758-412836

Sentence

denotes

IE was diagnosed according to Duke criteria including positive blood cultures.

TextSentencer_T3524

412837-412978

Sentence

denotes

Suspicion of fungal superinfection was established on serological investigation in five patients, confirmed by blood culture in two patients.

T79061

412837-412978

Sentence

denotes

Suspicion of fungal superinfection was established on serological investigation in five patients, confirmed by blood culture in two patients.

TextSentencer_T3525

412979-413036

Sentence

denotes

Control group consisted of 15 patients without infection.

T46345

412979-413036

Sentence

denotes

Control group consisted of 15 patients without infection.

TextSentencer_T3526

413037-413100

Sentence

denotes

DNA was isolated using the commercially available S.N.A.P. kit.

T41732

413037-413100

Sentence

denotes

DNA was isolated using the commercially available S.N.A.P. kit.

TextSentencer_T3527

413101-413191

Sentence

denotes

Amplification products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide.

T31944

413101-413191

Sentence

denotes

Amplification products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide.

TextSentencer_T3528

413192-413315

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained: fungal DNA was found in two patients with fungal superinfection of bacterial IE confirmed by culture.

T62218

413192-413315

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained: fungal DNA was found in two patients with fungal superinfection of bacterial IE confirmed by culture.

TextSentencer_T3529

413316-413387

Sentence

denotes

In the remaining patients with IE and controls no fungal DNA was found.

T49185

413316-413387

Sentence

denotes

In the remaining patients with IE and controls no fungal DNA was found.

TextSentencer_T3530

413388-413411

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached:

T13109

413388-413411

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached:

TextSentencer_T3531

413412-413563

Sentence

denotes

Broad-range fungal PCR is a fast and inexpensive tool for the detection of fungal DNA, but it is more prone to contamination than species-specific PCR.

T24003

413412-413563

Sentence

denotes

Broad-range fungal PCR is a fast and inexpensive tool for the detection of fungal DNA, but it is more prone to contamination than species-specific PCR.

TextSentencer_T3532

413564-413680

Sentence

denotes

The method may be valuable in the identification of fungal superinfection of bacterial IE or diagnosis of fungal IE.

T38237

413564-413680

Sentence

denotes

The method may be valuable in the identification of fungal superinfection of bacterial IE or diagnosis of fungal IE.

TextSentencer_T3533

413681-413732

Sentence

denotes

Rivanera D, Lilli D, Lozzi MA, Piunno M, Mancini C.

T30516

413681-413732

Sentence

denotes

Rivanera D, Lilli D, Lozzi MA, Piunno M, Mancini C.

TextSentencer_T3534

413733-413790

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology, Science and Public Health, Rome, Italy Aim:

T75095

413733-413790

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology, Science and Public Health, Rome, Italy Aim:

TextSentencer_T3535

413791-414073

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the EIA method for detection of antibody to TTV virus (TTV) and to investigate the anti-TT virus prevalence in patients with hepatitis B (HBV) virus, hepatitis C (HCV) virus, in group of 'high risk'subjects to hepatitis and in healthy subjects.

T77440

413791-414073

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the EIA method for detection of antibody to TTV virus (TTV) and to investigate the anti-TT virus prevalence in patients with hepatitis B (HBV) virus, hepatitis C (HCV) virus, in group of 'high risk'subjects to hepatitis and in healthy subjects.

TextSentencer_T3536

414074-414289

Sentence

denotes

The Elisa methods (Nuclear laser Vienna Lab) using TTV S and NS antigens: ORF1 (770 aa) and ORF2 (202 aa) was applied to detect anti-TTV; the serological screening was performed from 250 samples to Italian subjects.

T13350

414074-414289

Sentence

denotes

The Elisa methods (Nuclear laser Vienna Lab) using TTV S and NS antigens: ORF1 (770 aa) and ORF2 (202 aa) was applied to detect anti-TTV; the serological screening was performed from 250 samples to Italian subjects.

TextSentencer_T3537

414290-414298

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T6560

414290-414298

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3538

414299-414438

Sentence

denotes

The positive rates of anti-TTV antibodies were 11.29% in 62 patients with hepatitis B Á/C and 14.06% in 119 'high risk' hepatitis patients.

T51738

414299-414438

Sentence

denotes

The positive rates of anti-TTV antibodies were 11.29% in 62 patients with hepatitis B Á/C and 14.06% in 119 'high risk' hepatitis patients.

TextSentencer_T3539

414439-414497

Sentence

denotes

The anti-TTV was also found in 7.56% in 69 healthy people.

T82800

414439-414497

Sentence

denotes

The anti-TTV was also found in 7.56% in 69 healthy people.

TextSentencer_T3540

414498-414510

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T90677

414498-414510

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3541

414511-414688

Sentence

denotes

The anti-TTV were detected in all groups studied, however, its positive rate was similar in patients with hepatitis B Á/C and in 'high risk' hepatitis respect to heathly people.

T88212

414511-414688

Sentence

denotes

The anti-TTV were detected in all groups studied, however, its positive rate was similar in patients with hepatitis B Á/C and in 'high risk' hepatitis respect to heathly people.

TextSentencer_T3542

414689-414824

Sentence

denotes

Our results shown that TT virus is frequent in Italy both in patients infected by others transmitted viruses and in general population.

T79616

414689-414824

Sentence

denotes

Our results shown that TT virus is frequent in Italy both in patients infected by others transmitted viruses and in general population.

TextSentencer_T3543

414825-414950

Sentence

denotes

The positivity found in healthy adults included in our studies suggests that the virus might be transmitted non-parenterally.

T63866

414825-414950

Sentence

denotes

The positivity found in healthy adults included in our studies suggests that the virus might be transmitted non-parenterally.

TextSentencer_T3544

414951-415054

Sentence

denotes

The study of pattern of antibody to TTV may be an infectious marker of TTV similar to that of anti-HCV.

T52597

414951-415054

Sentence

denotes

The study of pattern of antibody to TTV may be an infectious marker of TTV similar to that of anti-HCV.

TextSentencer_T3545

415055-415153

Sentence

denotes

A stress test on a miniaturized identification system designed for Neisseria and Haemophilus PM155

T73172

415055-415153

Sentence

denotes

A stress test on a miniaturized identification system designed for Neisseria and Haemophilus PM155

TextSentencer_T3546

415154-415375

Sentence

denotes

Rich M a , Bannatyne RM a , Memish ZA b . a King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Division of Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia , b King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Infection Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

T78971

415154-415375

Sentence

denotes

Rich M a , Bannatyne RM a , Memish ZA b . a King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Division of Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia , b King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Infection Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

TextSentencer_T3547

415376-415552

Sentence

denotes

We report an incident that occurred in our laboratory when the BBL Crystal Identification System for Neisseria and Haemophilus was used to identify a Haemophilus-like-organism.

T24150

415376-415552

Sentence

denotes

We report an incident that occurred in our laboratory when the BBL Crystal Identification System for Neisseria and Haemophilus was used to identify a Haemophilus-like-organism.

TextSentencer_T3548

415553-415616

Sentence

denotes

The numerical profile generated was not in the system database.

T88870

415553-415616

Sentence

denotes

The numerical profile generated was not in the system database.

TextSentencer_T3549

415617-415742

Sentence

denotes

Conventional biochemical tests subsequently revealed an identification of Brucella melitensis , a common isolate in our area.

T6502

415617-415742

Sentence

denotes

Conventional biochemical tests subsequently revealed an identification of Brucella melitensis , a common isolate in our area.

TextSentencer_T3550

415743-415874

Sentence

denotes

As a result of this revelation we subjected this system to a mini 'stress-test' with a collection of 20 isolates of B. melitensis .

T16804

415743-415874

Sentence

denotes

As a result of this revelation we subjected this system to a mini 'stress-test' with a collection of 20 isolates of B. melitensis .

TextSentencer_T3551

415875-415991

Sentence

denotes

Two numerical profiles were obtained, 1740616606 and 1740616607, neither of which are listed in the system database.

T94619

415875-415991

Sentence

denotes

Two numerical profiles were obtained, 1740616606 and 1740616607, neither of which are listed in the system database.

TextSentencer_T3552

415992-416157

Sentence

denotes

Brucella species have been misidentified as Moraxella species, Moraxella phenylpyruvica , and as Haemophilus influenzae biotype IV in various identification systems.

T19119

415992-416157

Sentence

denotes

Brucella species have been misidentified as Moraxella species, Moraxella phenylpyruvica , and as Haemophilus influenzae biotype IV in various identification systems.

TextSentencer_T3553

416158-416245

Sentence

denotes

Two cases of laboratory-acquired brucellosis have been attributed to misidentification.

T37294

416158-416245

Sentence

denotes

Two cases of laboratory-acquired brucellosis have been attributed to misidentification.

TextSentencer_T3554

416246-416424

Sentence

denotes

To its credit the BBL Crystal Identification System for Neisseria and Haemophilus neither generates a profile number with a misidentified organism nor assigns a confidence level.

T8725

416246-416424

Sentence

denotes

To its credit the BBL Crystal Identification System for Neisseria and Haemophilus neither generates a profile number with a misidentified organism nor assigns a confidence level.

TextSentencer_T3555

416425-416524

Sentence

denotes

Instead it properly directs the user to resort to conventional methods to secure an identification.

T24479

416425-416524

Sentence

denotes

Instead it properly directs the user to resort to conventional methods to secure an identification.

TextSentencer_T3556

416525-416829

Sentence

denotes

If further studies on additional Brucella isolates and strains from different geographical sources confirm the unique biochemical profiles identified here, it may be worthwhile to incorporate these into the database where they would be of considerable assistance in areas where brucellosis is widespread.

T40772

416525-416829

Sentence

denotes

If further studies on additional Brucella isolates and strains from different geographical sources confirm the unique biochemical profiles identified here, it may be worthwhile to incorporate these into the database where they would be of considerable assistance in areas where brucellosis is widespread.

TextSentencer_T3557

416830-416896

Sentence

denotes

Cloning and characterization of AFLMP1 in Aspergillus flavus PM156

T42960

416830-416896

Sentence

denotes

Cloning and characterization of AFLMP1 in Aspergillus flavus PM156

TextSentencer_T3558

416897-416935

Sentence

denotes

Chong TK, Woo PCY, Leung ASP, Yuen KY.

T4399

416897-416935

Sentence

denotes

Chong TK, Woo PCY, Leung ASP, Yuen KY.

TextSentencer_T3559

416936-416999

Sentence

denotes

The University of Hong Kong, Microbiology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

T5602

416936-416999

Sentence

denotes

The University of Hong Kong, Microbiology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

TextSentencer_T3560

417000-417021

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

T21483

417000-417021

Sentence

denotes

Purpose of the study:

TextSentencer_T3561

417022-417238

Sentence

denotes

To clone and characterize an antigenic protein for serodiagnosis of infection caused by Aspergillus flavus which is the commonest Aspergillus species causing aspergilloma (AO) and invasive aspergillosis (IA) in Asia.

T28553

417022-417238

Sentence

denotes

To clone and characterize an antigenic protein for serodiagnosis of infection caused by Aspergillus flavus which is the commonest Aspergillus species causing aspergilloma (AO) and invasive aspergillosis (IA) in Asia.

TextSentencer_T3562

417239-417255

Sentence

denotes

Result obtained:

T45498

417239-417255

Sentence

denotes

Result obtained:

TextSentencer_T3563

417256-417349

Sentence

denotes

We cloned the AFLMP1 gene, which encodes the first antigenic cell wall protein in A. flavus .

T22088

417256-417349

Sentence

denotes

We cloned the AFLMP1 gene, which encodes the first antigenic cell wall protein in A. flavus .

TextSentencer_T3564

417350-417592

Sentence

denotes

AFLMP1 codes for a protein, Aflmp1p, of 273 amino acid residues, with sequence features that are present in Mp1p and AFMp1p, the antigenic cell wall mannoprotein in Penicillium marneffei and Aspergillus fumigatus that we described previously.

T50793

417350-417592

Sentence

denotes

AFLMP1 codes for a protein, Aflmp1p, of 273 amino acid residues, with sequence features that are present in Mp1p and AFMp1p, the antigenic cell wall mannoprotein in Penicillium marneffei and Aspergillus fumigatus that we described previously.

TextSentencer_T3565

417593-417750

Sentence

denotes

It contains a serine-and threonine-rich region for O glycosylation, a signal peptide, and a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol attachment signal sequence.

T82279

417593-417750

Sentence

denotes

It contains a serine-and threonine-rich region for O glycosylation, a signal peptide, and a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol attachment signal sequence.

TextSentencer_T3566

417751-417905

Sentence

denotes

Specific anti-Aflmp1p antibody was generated with recombinant Aflmp1p protein purified from Escherichia coli to allow further characterization of Aflmp1p.

T12394

417751-417905

Sentence

denotes

Specific anti-Aflmp1p antibody was generated with recombinant Aflmp1p protein purified from Escherichia coli to allow further characterization of Aflmp1p.

TextSentencer_T3567

417906-418034

Sentence

denotes

Indirect immunofluorescent staining indicated that Aflmp1p is present in the cell walls of the hyphae and conidia of A. flavus .

T74238

417906-418034

Sentence

denotes

Indirect immunofluorescent staining indicated that Aflmp1p is present in the cell walls of the hyphae and conidia of A. flavus .

TextSentencer_T3568

418035-418163

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, it was observed that patients with AO and IA due to A. flavus develop a specific antibody response against Aflmp1p.

T69612

418035-418163

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, it was observed that patients with AO and IA due to A. flavus develop a specific antibody response against Aflmp1p.

TextSentencer_T3569

418164-418183

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion reached:

T20494

418164-418183

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion reached:

TextSentencer_T3570

418184-418388

Sentence

denotes

This suggested that the recombinant protein and its antibody may be useful for serodiagnosis in patients with AO or IA, and the protein may represent a good cell surface target for host humoral immunitiy.

T7479

418184-418388

Sentence

denotes

This suggested that the recombinant protein and its antibody may be useful for serodiagnosis in patients with AO or IA, and the protein may represent a good cell surface target for host humoral immunitiy.

TextSentencer_T3571

418389-418403

Sentence

denotes

Grape Purpose:

T43685

418389-418403

Sentence

denotes

Grape Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3572

418404-418493

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the basis for increasing resistance to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole.

T21897

418404-418493

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the basis for increasing resistance to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole.

TextSentencer_T3573

418494-418584

Sentence

denotes

Methods: PCR screening for integrons of 105 clinical urinary tract isolates was performed.

T19149

418494-418584

Sentence

denotes

Methods: PCR screening for integrons of 105 clinical urinary tract isolates was performed.

TextSentencer_T3574

418585-418639

Sentence

denotes

Isolates were tested for resistance to 12 antibiotics.

T55872

418585-418639

Sentence

denotes

Isolates were tested for resistance to 12 antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T3575

418640-418680

Sentence

denotes

Integrons in 14 isolates were sequenced.

T99974

418640-418680

Sentence

denotes

Integrons in 14 isolates were sequenced.

TextSentencer_T3576

418681-418689

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T86011

418681-418689

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3577

418690-418776

Sentence

denotes

Integrons of class 1 were found in 43 isolates and class 2 integrons were found in 10.

T70950

418690-418776

Sentence

denotes

Integrons of class 1 were found in 43 isolates and class 2 integrons were found in 10.

TextSentencer_T3578

418777-418884

Sentence

denotes

Eight isolates in the study were resistant to five antibiotics or more and not shown to carry any integron.

T59868

418777-418884

Sentence

denotes

Eight isolates in the study were resistant to five antibiotics or more and not shown to carry any integron.

TextSentencer_T3579

418885-418959

Sentence

denotes

Nineteen of 69 isolates resistant to trimethoprim did not carry integrons.

T56603

418885-418959

Sentence

denotes

Nineteen of 69 isolates resistant to trimethoprim did not carry integrons.

TextSentencer_T3580

418960-419058

Sentence

denotes

Only one of these isolates was shown to carry sul1 and is thus probably also carrying an integron.

T20109

418960-419058

Sentence

denotes

Only one of these isolates was shown to carry sul1 and is thus probably also carrying an integron.

TextSentencer_T3581

419059-419185

Sentence

denotes

None of the 19 isolates were shown to carry dfr8 , one of five trimethoprim resistance genes known to exist outside integrons.

T88932

419059-419185

Sentence

denotes

None of the 19 isolates were shown to carry dfr8 , one of five trimethoprim resistance genes known to exist outside integrons.

TextSentencer_T3582

419186-419284

Sentence

denotes

Three isolates were resistant to sulphonamides but were not shown to carry neither sul1 nor sul2 .

T63315

419186-419284

Sentence

denotes

Three isolates were resistant to sulphonamides but were not shown to carry neither sul1 nor sul2 .

TextSentencer_T3583

419285-419355

Sentence

denotes

Only dfr and aad gene cassettes were found in the sequenced integrons.

T99218

419285-419355

Sentence

denotes

Only dfr and aad gene cassettes were found in the sequenced integrons.

TextSentencer_T3584

419356-419368

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T90890

419356-419368

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3585

419369-419535

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to trimethoprim in 19 of 69 trimethoprim resistant isolates is mediated by genes not detectable, as in the case with three sulphonamide resistant isolates.

T50436

419369-419535

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to trimethoprim in 19 of 69 trimethoprim resistant isolates is mediated by genes not detectable, as in the case with three sulphonamide resistant isolates.

TextSentencer_T3586

419536-419654

Sentence

denotes

Sequenced integrons that contain dfr genes do not carry any gene cassettes mediating resistance to modern antibiotics.

T35093

419536-419654

Sentence

denotes

Sequenced integrons that contain dfr genes do not carry any gene cassettes mediating resistance to modern antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T3587

419655-419801

Sentence

denotes

Unusual diagnosis tool for an unusual presentation of alveolar echinococcosis: report of two cases of local progression after an animal bite PM158

T53794

419655-419801

Sentence

denotes

Unusual diagnosis tool for an unusual presentation of alveolar echinococcosis: report of two cases of local progression after an animal bite PM158

TextSentencer_T3588

419802-419915

Sentence

denotes

Bardonnet K, Bart JM, Loiseau J, Gérard A, Estavoyer JM, Heyd B, Badet JM, Dubiez A, Piarroux R, Bresson-Hadni S.

T47539

419802-419915

Sentence

denotes

Bardonnet K, Bart JM, Loiseau J, Gérard A, Estavoyer JM, Heyd B, Badet JM, Dubiez A, Piarroux R, Bresson-Hadni S.

TextSentencer_T3589

419916-420054

Sentence

denotes

WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France Introduction:

T75668

419916-420054

Sentence

denotes

WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France Introduction:

TextSentencer_T3590

420055-420149

Sentence

denotes

The classical human contamination route for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is ingestion of eggs.

T57865

420055-420149

Sentence

denotes

The classical human contamination route for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is ingestion of eggs.

TextSentencer_T3591

420150-420241

Sentence

denotes

Two exceptional human cases are reported with extensive local evolution of AE after a bite.

T58217

420150-420241

Sentence

denotes

Two exceptional human cases are reported with extensive local evolution of AE after a bite.

TextSentencer_T3592

420242-420250

Sentence

denotes

Case no.

T88245

420242-420250

Sentence

denotes

Case no.

TextSentencer_T3593

420251-420253

Sentence

denotes

1:

T54021

420251-420253

Sentence

denotes

1:

TextSentencer_T3594

420254-420374

Sentence

denotes

Between 1954 and 1972, a patient underwent surgery seven times for a muscle growing tumour which developed after a bite.

T89224

420254-420374

Sentence

denotes

Between 1954 and 1972, a patient underwent surgery seven times for a muscle growing tumour which developed after a bite.

TextSentencer_T3595

420375-420448

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of muscle AE was assessed on histopathological examination.

T71177

420375-420448

Sentence

denotes

The diagnosis of muscle AE was assessed on histopathological examination.

TextSentencer_T3596

420449-420526

Sentence

denotes

In 1980, serological tests were in accordance with Echinococcus sp infection.

T97074

420449-420526

Sentence

denotes

In 1980, serological tests were in accordance with Echinococcus sp infection.

TextSentencer_T3597

420527-420535

Sentence

denotes

Case no.

T90397

420527-420535

Sentence

denotes

Case no.

TextSentencer_T3598

420536-420538

Sentence

denotes

2:

T74236

420536-420538

Sentence

denotes

2:

TextSentencer_T3599

420539-420646

Sentence

denotes

In 1985, a man presented 'cat-scratch fever' with a right supraclavicular tumefaction following a cat bite.

T75868

420539-420646

Sentence

denotes

In 1985, a man presented 'cat-scratch fever' with a right supraclavicular tumefaction following a cat bite.

TextSentencer_T3600

420647-420696

Sentence

denotes

Between 1986 and 2000, five recurrences occurred.

T51643

420647-420696

Sentence

denotes

Between 1986 and 2000, five recurrences occurred.

TextSentencer_T3601

420697-420782

Sentence

denotes

Different surgical explorations indicated multiple abscesses of the cervical muscles.

T14921

420697-420782

Sentence

denotes

Different surgical explorations indicated multiple abscesses of the cervical muscles.

TextSentencer_T3602

420783-420997

Sentence

denotes

In 2000, serological tests were in favour of Echinococcus sp infection and the pathologist described a parasitic wall suggesting hydatidosis, but specific PCR from histological samples prompted the diagnosis of AE.

T22888

420783-420997

Sentence

denotes

In 2000, serological tests were in favour of Echinococcus sp infection and the pathologist described a parasitic wall suggesting hydatidosis, but specific PCR from histological samples prompted the diagnosis of AE.

TextSentencer_T3603

420998-421009

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T54100

420998-421009

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3604

421010-421110

Sentence

denotes

In these exceptional observations, the liver which is the most usual location of AE was lesion-free.

T24078

421010-421110

Sentence

denotes

In these exceptional observations, the liver which is the most usual location of AE was lesion-free.

TextSentencer_T3605

421111-421213

Sentence

denotes

The chronic inflammatory AE lesions have developed in the local lymphatic chain area of the bite site.

T21466

421111-421213

Sentence

denotes

The chronic inflammatory AE lesions have developed in the local lymphatic chain area of the bite site.

TextSentencer_T3606

421214-421347

Sentence

denotes

To perform diagnosis in these very unusual forms of AE, it is necessary to add unusual tests such as specific PCR to classical tests.

T69123

421214-421347

Sentence

denotes

To perform diagnosis in these very unusual forms of AE, it is necessary to add unusual tests such as specific PCR to classical tests.

TextSentencer_T3607

421348-421431

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic resistance in foodborne Salmonella is an emerging public health concern.

T94294

421348-421431

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic resistance in foodborne Salmonella is an emerging public health concern.

TextSentencer_T3608

421432-421567

Sentence

denotes

Integrons are now recognized as the main genetic vehicles of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, including in Salmonella .

T48548

421432-421567

Sentence

denotes

Integrons are now recognized as the main genetic vehicles of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, including in Salmonella .

TextSentencer_T3609

421568-421814

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of class I integrons in resistant isolates of several serotypes of Salmonella isolated from poultry products and to determine their association with multidrug-resistance phenotypes.

T32462

421568-421814

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of class I integrons in resistant isolates of several serotypes of Salmonella isolated from poultry products and to determine their association with multidrug-resistance phenotypes.

TextSentencer_T3610

421815-421903

Sentence

denotes

A total of 20 isolates of Salmonella belonging to seven different serotypes were tested.

T36093

421815-421903

Sentence

denotes

A total of 20 isolates of Salmonella belonging to seven different serotypes were tested.

TextSentencer_T3611

421904-422033

Sentence

denotes

The most frequent multiresistant phenotype, found alone or together with other resistances, was to streptomycin and tetracycline.

T91457

421904-422033

Sentence

denotes

The most frequent multiresistant phenotype, found alone or together with other resistances, was to streptomycin and tetracycline.

TextSentencer_T3612

422034-422139

Sentence

denotes

All but seven were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents, including quinolones and amoxicillin.

T6368

422034-422139

Sentence

denotes

All but seven were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents, including quinolones and amoxicillin.

TextSentencer_T3613

422140-422378

Sentence

denotes

PCR analysis with the 5?CS and 3?CS primers detected the presence of class I integrons of 1.5 kb in one isolate, with the multiresistant phenotype: amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulphametoxazol and tetracycline.

T84693

422140-422378

Sentence

denotes

PCR analysis with the 5?CS and 3?CS primers detected the presence of class I integrons of 1.5 kb in one isolate, with the multiresistant phenotype: amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulphametoxazol and tetracycline.

TextSentencer_T3614

422379-422571

Sentence

denotes

Our findings suggest that the uncontrolled use of the antimicrobial agents in food animals may have contributed to the development of the pattern of resistance observed in Salmonella isolates.

T64722

422379-422571

Sentence

denotes

Our findings suggest that the uncontrolled use of the antimicrobial agents in food animals may have contributed to the development of the pattern of resistance observed in Salmonella isolates.

TextSentencer_T3615

422572-422766

Sentence

denotes

Also the presence of integrons in low prevalent human Salmonella serotypes but associated with food animals underscores the public health problem of antibiotic resistance acquisition and spread.

T54622

422572-422766

Sentence

denotes

Also the presence of integrons in low prevalent human Salmonella serotypes but associated with food animals underscores the public health problem of antibiotic resistance acquisition and spread.

TextSentencer_T3616

422767-422890

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolated from broilers and pigs in France PM161

T97976

422767-422890

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolated from broilers and pigs in France PM161

TextSentencer_T3617

422891-423049

Sentence

denotes

Avrain L a , Humbert F b , Sanders P c , Kempf I a . a AFSSA, UMB, Ploufragan, France , b AFSSA, HQPAP, Ploufragan, France , c AFSSA, LERMVD, Fougères, France

T92175

422891-423049

Sentence

denotes

Avrain L a , Humbert F b , Sanders P c , Kempf I a . a AFSSA, UMB, Ploufragan, France , b AFSSA, HQPAP, Ploufragan, France , c AFSSA, LERMVD, Fougères, France

TextSentencer_T3618

423050-423197

Sentence

denotes

In 1999, 620 caeca from standard, export or free-range broilers and in 2000, 600 fecal samples from pigs, were collected in French slaughterhouses.

T70746

423050-423197

Sentence

denotes

In 1999, 620 caeca from standard, export or free-range broilers and in 2000, 600 fecal samples from pigs, were collected in French slaughterhouses.

TextSentencer_T3619

423198-423323

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains was 56.6% in standard, 51.3% in export and 80% in free-range broilers.

T16093

423198-423323

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains was 56.6% in standard, 51.3% in export and 80% in free-range broilers.

TextSentencer_T3620

423324-423465

Sentence

denotes

In standard and export productions, the most often isolated species was C. jejuni , whereas C. coli was predominant in free-range production.

T39144

423324-423465

Sentence

denotes

In standard and export productions, the most often isolated species was C. jejuni , whereas C. coli was predominant in free-range production.

TextSentencer_T3621

423466-423519

Sentence

denotes

53.8% samples collected from pigs contained C. coli .

T83833

423466-423519

Sentence

denotes

53.8% samples collected from pigs contained C. coli .

TextSentencer_T3622

423520-423707

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity of strains to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin (broilers) or ciprofloxacin (pigs), tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin was tested by an agar dilution method.

T20139

423520-423707

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity of strains to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin (broilers) or ciprofloxacin (pigs), tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin was tested by an agar dilution method.

TextSentencer_T3623

423708-423861

Sentence

denotes

In broilers, the percentages of resistant strains were, respectively 22, 25, 17, 57, 0.3 and 0% for C. jejuni and 29, 43, 40, 70, 31 and 0% for C. coli .

T56269

423708-423861

Sentence

denotes

In broilers, the percentages of resistant strains were, respectively 22, 25, 17, 57, 0.3 and 0% for C. jejuni and 29, 43, 40, 70, 31 and 0% for C. coli .

TextSentencer_T3624

423862-423952

Sentence

denotes

In pigs the percentages of resistant C. coli were, respectively 12, 21, 12, 83, 65 and 0%.

T34589

423862-423952

Sentence

denotes

In pigs the percentages of resistant C. coli were, respectively 12, 21, 12, 83, 65 and 0%.

TextSentencer_T3625

423953-424147

Sentence

denotes

In broiler production, significant differences between distributions of species or percentages of resistant strains were observed according to type of production or administrated antimicrobials.

T6478

423953-424147

Sentence

denotes

In broiler production, significant differences between distributions of species or percentages of resistant strains were observed according to type of production or administrated antimicrobials.

TextSentencer_T3626

424148-424292

Sentence

denotes

The enzyme DHPS (dihydropteroate synthase) participates in the folate synthesis pathway, and is well recognized as the target for sulphonamides.

T64245

424148-424292

Sentence

denotes

The enzyme DHPS (dihydropteroate synthase) participates in the folate synthesis pathway, and is well recognized as the target for sulphonamides.

TextSentencer_T3627

424293-424421

Sentence

denotes

The enzyme preceding DHPS in this pathway, PPPK (dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase), is another interesting candidate drug target.

T70484

424293-424421

Sentence

denotes

The enzyme preceding DHPS in this pathway, PPPK (dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase), is another interesting candidate drug target.

TextSentencer_T3628

424422-424494

Sentence

denotes

The metabolic role of PPPK is to provide one of the substrates for DHPS.

T66869

424422-424494

Sentence

denotes

The metabolic role of PPPK is to provide one of the substrates for DHPS.

TextSentencer_T3629

424495-424624

Sentence

denotes

Earlier studies have suggested that PPPK and DHPS enzymes need to have physical contact with each other for full enzyme activity.

T45012

424495-424624

Sentence

denotes

Earlier studies have suggested that PPPK and DHPS enzymes need to have physical contact with each other for full enzyme activity.

TextSentencer_T3630

424625-424699

Sentence

denotes

Studies of potential interactions between the enzymes have been initiated.

T9094

424625-424699

Sentence

denotes

Studies of potential interactions between the enzymes have been initiated.

TextSentencer_T3631

424700-424814

Sentence

denotes

So far, indication of a weak interaction has been detected in gelfiltration experiments and the two-hybrid system.

T86148

424700-424814

Sentence

denotes

So far, indication of a weak interaction has been detected in gelfiltration experiments and the two-hybrid system.

TextSentencer_T3632

424815-425014

Sentence

denotes

To confirm these results, we are currently developing a method to study substrate channeling, as interfering with such interactions could lead to impaired growth and thus be used as inhibitory drugs.

T41237

424815-425014

Sentence

denotes

To confirm these results, we are currently developing a method to study substrate channeling, as interfering with such interactions could lead to impaired growth and thus be used as inhibitory drugs.

TextSentencer_T3633

425015-425171

Sentence

denotes

We have also cloned and sequenced the operons coding for the enzymes in the folate biosynthesis from different clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes .

T5071

425015-425171

Sentence

denotes

We have also cloned and sequenced the operons coding for the enzymes in the folate biosynthesis from different clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes .

TextSentencer_T3634

425172-425315

Sentence

denotes

Comparisons revealed some isolates with a mosaic structure in the operon, suggesting that horizontal transfer of genetic material has occurred.

T52779

425172-425315

Sentence

denotes

Comparisons revealed some isolates with a mosaic structure in the operon, suggesting that horizontal transfer of genetic material has occurred.

TextSentencer_T3635

425316-425400

Sentence

denotes

Multi-resistance gene cluster on a plasmid in a clinical isolate of E. faecium PM163

T94163

425316-425400

Sentence

denotes

Multi-resistance gene cluster on a plasmid in a clinical isolate of E. faecium PM163

TextSentencer_T3636

425401-425443

Sentence

denotes

Werner G, Hildebrandt B, Klare I, Witte W.

T7787

425401-425443

Sentence

denotes

Werner G, Hildebrandt B, Klare I, Witte W.

TextSentencer_T3637

425444-425531

Sentence

denotes

Department of Nosocomial Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Germany

T48573

425444-425531

Sentence

denotes

Department of Nosocomial Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Germany

TextSentencer_T3638

425532-425540

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T8034

425532-425540

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3639

425541-425627

Sentence

denotes

Strain UW786 was isolated from an urine sample of a patient with a permanent catheter.

T33840

425541-425627

Sentence

denotes

Strain UW786 was isolated from an urine sample of a patient with a permanent catheter.

TextSentencer_T3640

425628-425726

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of our study was to identify and localize the resistance determinants in this isolate.

T26131

425628-425726

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of our study was to identify and localize the resistance determinants in this isolate.

TextSentencer_T3641

425727-425735

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T65097

425727-425735

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3642

425736-426170

Sentence

denotes

Isolate UW786 was resistant to the following antibiotics: penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin (high-level), streptomycin (highlevel), erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nourseothricin, rifampicin, and fusidic acid (lowlevel, MIC0/4 mg/l); but showed susceptibilities to oxytetracycline, phosphomycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol, linezolid, and quinupristin/dalfopristin.

T54331

425736-426170

Sentence

denotes

Isolate UW786 was resistant to the following antibiotics: penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin (high-level), streptomycin (highlevel), erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nourseothricin, rifampicin, and fusidic acid (lowlevel, MIC0/4 mg/l); but showed susceptibilities to oxytetracycline, phosphomycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol, linezolid, and quinupristin/dalfopristin.

TextSentencer_T3643

426171-426312

Sentence

denotes

Hybridization, PCR and sequencing experiments localized a cluster consisting of several resistance genes in a composite element on a plasmid.

T7234

426171-426312

Sentence

denotes

Hybridization, PCR and sequencing experiments localized a cluster consisting of several resistance genes in a composite element on a plasmid.

TextSentencer_T3644

426313-426418

Sentence

denotes

The cluster included genes and transposons Tn1546 (vanA) Á/Tn917 (ermB) Á/Tn1505 (aadE Á/ sat4 Á/aphA-3).

T25398

426313-426418

Sentence

denotes

The cluster included genes and transposons Tn1546 (vanA) Á/Tn917 (ermB) Á/Tn1505 (aadE Á/ sat4 Á/aphA-3).

TextSentencer_T3645

426419-426615

Sentence

denotes

The plasmid itself was not transferable in filter-matings into a fusidic acid high-level resistant Enterococcus faecium recipient while selecting either for erythromycin or vancomycin resistances.

T9349

426419-426615

Sentence

denotes

The plasmid itself was not transferable in filter-matings into a fusidic acid high-level resistant Enterococcus faecium recipient while selecting either for erythromycin or vancomycin resistances.

TextSentencer_T3646

426616-426759

Sentence

denotes

However, after transposing a Tn916-related determinant into UW786, determinants became mobilizable with the help of the conjugative transposon.

T42735

426616-426759

Sentence

denotes

However, after transposing a Tn916-related determinant into UW786, determinants became mobilizable with the help of the conjugative transposon.

TextSentencer_T3647

426760-426881

Sentence

denotes

Transconjugants were, besides others, high-level resistant to fusidic acid, but susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin.

T88966

426760-426881

Sentence

denotes

Transconjugants were, besides others, high-level resistant to fusidic acid, but susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin.

TextSentencer_T3648

426882-427000

Sentence

denotes

PFGE of transconjugants demonstrated a pattern almost identical to the recipient but clearly different from the donor.

T21687

426882-427000

Sentence

denotes

PFGE of transconjugants demonstrated a pattern almost identical to the recipient but clearly different from the donor.

TextSentencer_T3649

427001-427012

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T78411

427001-427012

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3650

427013-427128

Sentence

denotes

Resistance genes in E. faecium could be arranged in a cluster and are mobile via mobilizable/transferable plasmids.

T27627

427013-427128

Sentence

denotes

Resistance genes in E. faecium could be arranged in a cluster and are mobile via mobilizable/transferable plasmids.

TextSentencer_T3651

427129-427184

Sentence

denotes

Lilli D, Rivanera D, Barbacini IG, Lozzi MA, Mancini C.

T62963

427129-427184

Sentence

denotes

Lilli D, Rivanera D, Barbacini IG, Lozzi MA, Mancini C.

TextSentencer_T3652

427185-427280

Sentence

denotes

Department of Science and Public Health, University La Sapienza, Microbiology, Rome, Italy Aim:

T77777

427185-427280

Sentence

denotes

Department of Science and Public Health, University La Sapienza, Microbiology, Rome, Italy Aim:

TextSentencer_T3653

427281-427477

Sentence

denotes

Hepatitis G virus (HGV), a new RNA virus that is parenterally trasmitted has frequentley been found in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection but its role in chronic liver desease is unknown.

T29905

427281-427477

Sentence

denotes

Hepatitis G virus (HGV), a new RNA virus that is parenterally trasmitted has frequentley been found in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection but its role in chronic liver desease is unknown.

TextSentencer_T3654

427478-427579

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HGV infection in patients infected with HCV.

T78559

427478-427579

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HGV infection in patients infected with HCV.

TextSentencer_T3655

427580-427663

Sentence

denotes

Ninety-eight patients infected with HCV were evaluated for the presence of HGV RNA.

T6588

427580-427663

Sentence

denotes

Ninety-eight patients infected with HCV were evaluated for the presence of HGV RNA.

TextSentencer_T3656

427664-427770

Sentence

denotes

The HCV genotypes distribution was 30 genotype 1b, 10 genotype 1a, 54 genotype 3a and four genotype 4c/4d.

T1661

427664-427770

Sentence

denotes

The HCV genotypes distribution was 30 genotype 1b, 10 genotype 1a, 54 genotype 3a and four genotype 4c/4d.

TextSentencer_T3657

427771-427822

Sentence

denotes

HCV RNA and HGV RNA were detected by RT-nested PCR.

T15852

427771-427822

Sentence

denotes

HCV RNA and HGV RNA were detected by RT-nested PCR.

TextSentencer_T3658

427823-427831

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T774

427823-427831

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3659

427832-427938

Sentence

denotes

Infection with hepatitis G virus was detected in 21 (21.4%) patients and 77 (78.6%) were HGV RNA negative.

T76546

427832-427938

Sentence

denotes

Infection with hepatitis G virus was detected in 21 (21.4%) patients and 77 (78.6%) were HGV RNA negative.

TextSentencer_T3660

427939-428013

Sentence

denotes

None of our patients with genotypes 1a and 4c/4d results HGV RNA positive.

T33393

427939-428013

Sentence

denotes

None of our patients with genotypes 1a and 4c/4d results HGV RNA positive.

TextSentencer_T3661

428014-428119

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of HGV infection was 10% in patients infected with HCV genotype 1b and 33.3% with genotype 3a.

T60211

428014-428119

Sentence

denotes

Prevalence of HGV infection was 10% in patients infected with HCV genotype 1b and 33.3% with genotype 3a.

TextSentencer_T3662

428120-428132

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T23452

428120-428132

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3663

428133-428232

Sentence

denotes

Infection with HGV occurred frequently (21.4%) in this sample of patients with chronic hepatitis C.

T69892

428133-428232

Sentence

denotes

Infection with HGV occurred frequently (21.4%) in this sample of patients with chronic hepatitis C.

TextSentencer_T3664

428233-428330

Sentence

denotes

We observed a height prevalence of HCV/HGV coinfection in patients infected with HCV genotype 3a.

T33245

428233-428330

Sentence

denotes

We observed a height prevalence of HCV/HGV coinfection in patients infected with HCV genotype 3a.

TextSentencer_T3665

428331-428482

Sentence

denotes

This association with HCV genotype 3a was indipendent of the source of infection, infact some of our patients have not history of intravenous drug use.

T1853

428331-428482

Sentence

denotes

This association with HCV genotype 3a was indipendent of the source of infection, infact some of our patients have not history of intravenous drug use.

TextSentencer_T3666

428483-428612

Sentence

denotes

Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)mediated resistance in Salmonella spp. from Durban, South Africa PM165

T7535

428483-428612

Sentence

denotes

Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)mediated resistance in Salmonella spp. from Durban, South Africa PM165

TextSentencer_T3667

428613-428711

Sentence

denotes

Moodley P a , Essack S b , Gajee K a , Sturm W a . a Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R.

T85183

428613-428711

Sentence

denotes

Moodley P a , Essack S b , Gajee K a , Sturm W a . a Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R.

TextSentencer_T3668

428712-428908

Sentence

denotes

Mandela School of Medicine, School of Infection, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa , b School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Durban Westville, Durban, South Africa Background:

T18301

428712-428908

Sentence

denotes

Mandela School of Medicine, School of Infection, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa , b School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Durban Westville, Durban, South Africa Background:

TextSentencer_T3669

428909-429043

Sentence

denotes

Gastroenteritis is a common condition among the paediatric population presenting to King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa.

T58534

428909-429043

Sentence

denotes

Gastroenteritis is a common condition among the paediatric population presenting to King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa.

TextSentencer_T3670

429044-429206

Sentence

denotes

From July 2001, we noticed that the susceptibility of the Salmonella spp. isolated from stool samples among these children were resistant to multiple antibiotics.

T75709

429044-429206

Sentence

denotes

From July 2001, we noticed that the susceptibility of the Salmonella spp. isolated from stool samples among these children were resistant to multiple antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T3671

429207-429211

Sentence

denotes

Aim:

T59244

429207-429211

Sentence

denotes

Aim:

TextSentencer_T3672

429212-429280

Sentence

denotes

To characterize the phenotype of the resistance mechanisms involved.

T30273

429212-429280

Sentence

denotes

To characterize the phenotype of the resistance mechanisms involved.

TextSentencer_T3673

429281-429289

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T69777

429281-429289

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3674

429290-429545

Sentence

denotes

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and gentamicin were determined by means of the agar dilution method.

T69096

429290-429545

Sentence

denotes

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and gentamicin were determined by means of the agar dilution method.

TextSentencer_T3675

429546-429639

Sentence

denotes

Isolates were subjected to the E -test for extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) production.

T97635

429546-429639

Sentence

denotes

Isolates were subjected to the E -test for extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) production.

TextSentencer_T3676

429640-429724

Sentence

denotes

Isoelectric focusing was performed as a preliminary step in enzyme characterization.

T68931

429640-429724

Sentence

denotes

Isoelectric focusing was performed as a preliminary step in enzyme characterization.

TextSentencer_T3677

429725-429748

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusion:

T65424

429725-429748

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3678

429749-429813

Sentence

denotes

Thirty isolates of multiresistant Salmonella spp. were obtained.

T65246

429749-429813

Sentence

denotes

Thirty isolates of multiresistant Salmonella spp. were obtained.

TextSentencer_T3679

429814-429878

Sentence

denotes

Antibiogram typing revealed six different resistance phenotypes.

T6718

429814-429878

Sentence

denotes

Antibiogram typing revealed six different resistance phenotypes.

TextSentencer_T3680

429879-429996

Sentence

denotes

All isolates depicted ceftazidime/ceftazidime Á/clavulanate ratio of !/8 and were considered putative ESBL-producers.

T68664

429879-429996

Sentence

denotes

All isolates depicted ceftazidime/ceftazidime Á/clavulanate ratio of !/8 and were considered putative ESBL-producers.

TextSentencer_T3681

429997-430135

Sentence

denotes

Isolates expressed 1 Á/3 beta-lactamases each with pI values ranging between 5 and 8.2 indicative of TEM-, SHV-and/or CTX-M-related ESBLs.

T70238

429997-430135

Sentence

denotes

Isolates expressed 1 Á/3 beta-lactamases each with pI values ranging between 5 and 8.2 indicative of TEM-, SHV-and/or CTX-M-related ESBLs.

TextSentencer_T3682

430136-430239

Sentence

denotes

Nine isolates expressed two beta-lactamases each and two isolates expressed three beta-lactamases each.

T29162

430136-430239

Sentence

denotes

Nine isolates expressed two beta-lactamases each and two isolates expressed three beta-lactamases each.

TextSentencer_T3683

430240-430511

Sentence

denotes

There was evidence of the simultaneous expression of both TEM-and SHV-derived ESBLs as well as the simultaneous expression of multiple TEM-or SHV-derived ESBLs in single isolates, a phenomenon reported in ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated at the same hospital.

T80141

430240-430511

Sentence

denotes

There was evidence of the simultaneous expression of both TEM-and SHV-derived ESBLs as well as the simultaneous expression of multiple TEM-or SHV-derived ESBLs in single isolates, a phenomenon reported in ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated at the same hospital.

TextSentencer_T3684

430512-430672

Sentence

denotes

Neutrophils exhibit reduced chemiluminescence response to serum opsonized Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) PM166 Objective:

T27294

430512-430672

Sentence

denotes

Neutrophils exhibit reduced chemiluminescence response to serum opsonized Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) PM166 Objective:

TextSentencer_T3685

430673-430840

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the ability of ESBL and non-ESBLproducing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates treated with human serum to induce a chemiluminescence response in neutrophils.

T32280

430673-430840

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the ability of ESBL and non-ESBLproducing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates treated with human serum to induce a chemiluminescence response in neutrophils.

TextSentencer_T3686

430841-430849

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T70901

430841-430849

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3687

430850-431078

Sentence

denotes

Oxidative burst induced by the interaction of ESBL (n0/ 81) and non-ESBL-producing (n0/152) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with neutrophils from healthy individuals was monitored by measuring the chemiluminescence response (CL).

T59805

430850-431078

Sentence

denotes

Oxidative burst induced by the interaction of ESBL (n0/ 81) and non-ESBL-producing (n0/152) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with neutrophils from healthy individuals was monitored by measuring the chemiluminescence response (CL).

TextSentencer_T3688

431079-431180

Sentence

denotes

Pooled sera from healthy individuals served as source of complement for pretreatment of the bacteria.

T55153

431079-431180

Sentence

denotes

Pooled sera from healthy individuals served as source of complement for pretreatment of the bacteria.

TextSentencer_T3689

431181-431256

Sentence

denotes

CL responses triggered by serum treated zymosan served as positive control.

T46956

431181-431256

Sentence

denotes

CL responses triggered by serum treated zymosan served as positive control.

TextSentencer_T3690

431257-431478

Sentence

denotes

The serum opsonized Klebsiella strains were arbitrarily graded as high (H) and low (L) inducers of CL when the CL response induced by the bacteria was CL B/60 and !/60%, respectively, of that induced by opsonized zymosan.

T82401

431257-431478

Sentence

denotes

The serum opsonized Klebsiella strains were arbitrarily graded as high (H) and low (L) inducers of CL when the CL response induced by the bacteria was CL B/60 and !/60%, respectively, of that induced by opsonized zymosan.

TextSentencer_T3691

431479-431487

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T21923

431479-431487

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3692

431488-431661

Sentence

denotes

Out of 152 non-ESBL-producing Klebsiella isolates, 61.8% induced high CL response in neutrophils whereas only 42% of 81 ESBL-producing Klebsiella isolates did so (PB/ 0.02).

T22345

431488-431661

Sentence

denotes

Out of 152 non-ESBL-producing Klebsiella isolates, 61.8% induced high CL response in neutrophils whereas only 42% of 81 ESBL-producing Klebsiella isolates did so (PB/ 0.02).

TextSentencer_T3693

431662-431674

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T78239

431662-431674

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3694

431675-431849

Sentence

denotes

Strains harboring the ESBL plasmid were more virulent than non-ESBL-producing strains by virtue of their higher tendency to escape serum-dependent recognition by neutrophils.

T99309

431675-431849

Sentence

denotes

Strains harboring the ESBL plasmid were more virulent than non-ESBL-producing strains by virtue of their higher tendency to escape serum-dependent recognition by neutrophils.

TextSentencer_T3695

431850-431939

Sentence

denotes

Osiris */an automated system for susceptibility testing in agar diffusion technique PM167

T32272

431850-431939

Sentence

denotes

Osiris */an automated system for susceptibility testing in agar diffusion technique PM167

TextSentencer_T3696

431940-431971

Sentence

denotes

Chegrani F, Kolbert M, Shah PM.

T31913

431940-431971

Sentence

denotes

Chegrani F, Kolbert M, Shah PM.

TextSentencer_T3697

431972-432252

Sentence

denotes

Universitätsklinik Frankfurt, Zentrum der Inneren Medizin Med III Schwerpunkt Infektiologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Objective: OSIRIS measured zone sizes were compared to manually measured inhibition zones using round 90 (RP) and 120 mm Mueller Hinton square Agarplates (SQP).

T35338

431972-432252

Sentence

denotes

Universitätsklinik Frankfurt, Zentrum der Inneren Medizin Med III Schwerpunkt Infektiologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Objective: OSIRIS measured zone sizes were compared to manually measured inhibition zones using round 90 (RP) and 120 mm Mueller Hinton square Agarplates (SQP).

TextSentencer_T3698

432253-432431

Sentence

denotes

Variations of 9/3 mm in zone size measurements were defined as tolerable. 'Very major errors' (VME) were defined as classification of a resistant organism as sensitive by OSIRIS.

T96219

432253-432431

Sentence

denotes

Variations of 9/3 mm in zone size measurements were defined as tolerable. 'Very major errors' (VME) were defined as classification of a resistant organism as sensitive by OSIRIS.

TextSentencer_T3699

432432-432621

Sentence

denotes

Thirty thousand two hundred and ninety-eight single measurements testing 42 antibiotics on 352 staphylococci and 113 Enterobacteriaceae were done according to the DIN 58940 recommendations.

T68235

432432-432621

Sentence

denotes

Thirty thousand two hundred and ninety-eight single measurements testing 42 antibiotics on 352 staphylococci and 113 Enterobacteriaceae were done according to the DIN 58940 recommendations.

TextSentencer_T3700

432622-432630

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T87634

432622-432630

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3701

432631-432731

Sentence

denotes

Vancomycin, Rifampicin, Gentamicin gave the best results on RP with a concordance of 96, 88 and 86%.

T30104

432631-432731

Sentence

denotes

Vancomycin, Rifampicin, Gentamicin gave the best results on RP with a concordance of 96, 88 and 86%.

TextSentencer_T3702

432732-432830

Sentence

denotes

Vancomycin, Rifampicin, Teicoplanin performed best with 97, 94, 93% on SQP testing Staphylococci .

T44235

432732-432830

Sentence

denotes

Vancomycin, Rifampicin, Teicoplanin performed best with 97, 94, 93% on SQP testing Staphylococci .

TextSentencer_T3703

432831-432943

Sentence

denotes

Worst results on RP gave Cefuroxim (43.8%) and Fosfomycin (55.1%), on SQP Fosfomycin (36.4%), Ofloxacin (88.1%).

T6516

432831-432943

Sentence

denotes

Worst results on RP gave Cefuroxim (43.8%) and Fosfomycin (55.1%), on SQP Fosfomycin (36.4%), Ofloxacin (88.1%).

TextSentencer_T3704

432944-433096

Sentence

denotes

For Enterobacteriaceae Amikacin (100%), Gentamicin (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%) performed best on RP; worst Nalidixinacid (32.5%), Piperacillin (82.5%).

T26485

432944-433096

Sentence

denotes

For Enterobacteriaceae Amikacin (100%), Gentamicin (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%) performed best on RP; worst Nalidixinacid (32.5%), Piperacillin (82.5%).

TextSentencer_T3705

433097-433213

Sentence

denotes

Concordance on SQP Amikacin (100%), Cefotaxim (100%), Gentamicin (100%), Nitrofurantoin (72.5%), Cotrimoxazol (90%).

T51396

433097-433213

Sentence

denotes

Concordance on SQP Amikacin (100%), Cefotaxim (100%), Gentamicin (100%), Nitrofurantoin (72.5%), Cotrimoxazol (90%).

TextSentencer_T3706

433214-433272

Sentence

denotes

Very major errors were seen in B/1% of all test performed.

T30934

433214-433272

Sentence

denotes

Very major errors were seen in B/1% of all test performed.

TextSentencer_T3707

433273-433288

Sentence

denotes

Interpretation:

T30272

433273-433288

Sentence

denotes

Interpretation:

TextSentencer_T3708

433289-433422

Sentence

denotes

Osiris is a rapid and reliable system for susceptibility testing with round and square agarplates and has an excellent expert system.

T94219

433289-433422

Sentence

denotes

Osiris is a rapid and reliable system for susceptibility testing with round and square agarplates and has an excellent expert system.

TextSentencer_T3709

433423-433551

Sentence

denotes

Altindis M a , Aktepe OC a , Kocagoz T b . a Kocatepe University School Of Medicine, Microbiology, Afyon, Turkey , b Diomed Inc.

T66299

433423-433551

Sentence

denotes

Altindis M a , Aktepe OC a , Kocagoz T b . a Kocatepe University School Of Medicine, Microbiology, Afyon, Turkey , b Diomed Inc.

TextSentencer_T3710

433552-433924

Sentence

denotes

TR, Istanbul, Turkey Dio-Bacit, in a two section plate, that contains 5% sheep blood agar on one side and sheep blood agar with bacitracin (2 mg/ml) was compared for its efficiency in identification of Group A Beta hemolytic Streptococcus (GABS) with other two different growth plates, one containing 5% sheep blood agar with bacitracin (B) and the other containing B-SXT.

T82583

433552-433924

Sentence

denotes

TR, Istanbul, Turkey Dio-Bacit, in a two section plate, that contains 5% sheep blood agar on one side and sheep blood agar with bacitracin (2 mg/ml) was compared for its efficiency in identification of Group A Beta hemolytic Streptococcus (GABS) with other two different growth plates, one containing 5% sheep blood agar with bacitracin (B) and the other containing B-SXT.

TextSentencer_T3711

433925-433974

Sentence

denotes

We used latex-agglutination for this comparision.

T8502

433925-433974

Sentence

denotes

We used latex-agglutination for this comparision.

TextSentencer_T3712

433975-434125

Sentence

denotes

Throat specimens obtained from 490 cases were inoculated to Dio-Bacit plates, first to one side with 5% sheep blood agar and to the other side with B.

T38955

433975-434125

Sentence

denotes

Throat specimens obtained from 490 cases were inoculated to Dio-Bacit plates, first to one side with 5% sheep blood agar and to the other side with B.

TextSentencer_T3713

434126-434441

Sentence

denotes

After an overnight inoculation at 37 8C, colonies with beta hemolysis an 5% sheep blood agar but no growth with B, were inoculated to 5% sheep blood agar again and antibiogram identification discs containing 0.04 U B and 1.25 and 23.75 mg SXT (Oxoid, UK) were placed onto the plate and incubated overnight at 37 8C.

T75113

434126-434441

Sentence

denotes

After an overnight inoculation at 37 8C, colonies with beta hemolysis an 5% sheep blood agar but no growth with B, were inoculated to 5% sheep blood agar again and antibiogram identification discs containing 0.04 U B and 1.25 and 23.75 mg SXT (Oxoid, UK) were placed onto the plate and incubated overnight at 37 8C.

TextSentencer_T3714

434442-434567

Sentence

denotes

After that, colonies with beta hemolysis were defined as B-sensitive while colonies resistant to SXT were defined to be GABS.

T55602

434442-434567

Sentence

denotes

After that, colonies with beta hemolysis were defined as B-sensitive while colonies resistant to SXT were defined to be GABS.

TextSentencer_T3715

434568-434645

Sentence

denotes

All colonies are serologically classified by latex-agglutination (Oxoid, UK).

T74231

434568-434645

Sentence

denotes

All colonies are serologically classified by latex-agglutination (Oxoid, UK).

TextSentencer_T3716

434646-434723

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-one (14.5%) inoculations revealed growth of GABS at Dio-Bacit plates.

T18405

434646-434723

Sentence

denotes

Seventy-one (14.5%) inoculations revealed growth of GABS at Dio-Bacit plates.

TextSentencer_T3717

434724-434937

Sentence

denotes

After inoculating these colonies to 5% sheep blood agar, 72 of them were found to be sensitive to B, while 67 were found to be sensitive to B but resistant to SXT and 58 of them were defined as GABS by Latex test.

T41110

434724-434937

Sentence

denotes

After inoculating these colonies to 5% sheep blood agar, 72 of them were found to be sensitive to B, while 67 were found to be sensitive to B but resistant to SXT and 58 of them were defined as GABS by Latex test.

TextSentencer_T3718

434938-435072

Sentence

denotes

When compared with latex-agglutination test, we found Dio-Bacit method's sensitivity and spesificity to be 92 and 96.9%, respectively.

T86932

434938-435072

Sentence

denotes

When compared with latex-agglutination test, we found Dio-Bacit method's sensitivity and spesificity to be 92 and 96.9%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T3719

435073-435080

Sentence

denotes

Method:

T42939

435073-435080

Sentence

denotes

Method:

TextSentencer_T3720

435081-435240

Sentence

denotes

Agar diffusion technique as recommended by DIN 58940 was used to determine IZS (read using AURA and manually) for 178 Staphylococci and 22 Enterobacteriaceae .

T99862

435081-435240

Sentence

denotes

Agar diffusion technique as recommended by DIN 58940 was used to determine IZS (read using AURA and manually) for 178 Staphylococci and 22 Enterobacteriaceae .

TextSentencer_T3721

435241-435364

Sentence

denotes

Variations in automated measured zone sizes of 9/3 mm to the manual readings were considered to be within acceptable range.

T70052

435241-435364

Sentence

denotes

Variations in automated measured zone sizes of 9/3 mm to the manual readings were considered to be within acceptable range.

TextSentencer_T3722

435365-435373

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T13767

435365-435373

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3723

435374-435478

Sentence

denotes

Six thousand and fifty-two zone sizes were determined for Staphylococci and 748 for Enterobacteriaceae .

T68526

435374-435478

Sentence

denotes

Six thousand and fifty-two zone sizes were determined for Staphylococci and 748 for Enterobacteriaceae .

TextSentencer_T3724

435479-435605

Sentence

denotes

MHA displayed tendency to smaller zone sizes in automated readings than ISA, as well in Staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae .

T67323

435479-435605

Sentence

denotes

MHA displayed tendency to smaller zone sizes in automated readings than ISA, as well in Staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae .

TextSentencer_T3725

435606-435690

Sentence

denotes

On the other side automated readings presented on ISA more precise results than MHA.

T63068

435606-435690

Sentence

denotes

On the other side automated readings presented on ISA more precise results than MHA.

TextSentencer_T3726

435691-435752

Sentence

denotes

Overall less major discrepancies ( B/3 mm) were found on ISA.

T64723

435691-435752

Sentence

denotes

Overall less major discrepancies ( B/3 mm) were found on ISA.

TextSentencer_T3727

435753-435787

Sentence

denotes

IZS were generally smaller on MHA.

T69818

435753-435787

Sentence

denotes

IZS were generally smaller on MHA.

TextSentencer_T3728

435788-435899

Sentence

denotes

The tables below show differences in manually and automated measured zone sizes on different media and species.

T71119

435788-435899

Sentence

denotes

The tables below show differences in manually and automated measured zone sizes on different media and species.

TextSentencer_T3729

435900-435974

Sentence

denotes

We discovered seven more cases of resistance in the case of metronidazole.

T55915

435900-435974

Sentence

denotes

We discovered seven more cases of resistance in the case of metronidazole.

TextSentencer_T3730

435975-436027

Sentence

denotes

We did not have such experience with clarithromycin.

T97807

435975-436027

Sentence

denotes

We did not have such experience with clarithromycin.

TextSentencer_T3731

436028-436039

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T53933

436028-436039

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3732

436040-436175

Sentence

denotes

Our results show that E -test is comparable to AD for clarithromycin, but for metronidazole our findings confirm NCCLS recommendantion.

T50081

436040-436175

Sentence

denotes

Our results show that E -test is comparable to AD for clarithromycin, but for metronidazole our findings confirm NCCLS recommendantion.

TextSentencer_T3733

436176-436243

Sentence

denotes

Classical AD is time consuming for every day use in the laboratory.

T12886

436176-436243

Sentence

denotes

Classical AD is time consuming for every day use in the laboratory.

TextSentencer_T3734

436244-436358

Sentence

denotes

The use of screening agar plate with 8 mg/ml of metronidazole to detect possible resistance could be the solution.

T72542

436244-436358

Sentence

denotes

The use of screening agar plate with 8 mg/ml of metronidazole to detect possible resistance could be the solution.

TextSentencer_T3735

436359-436589

Sentence

denotes

Rokosz A a , Sawicka-Grzelak A a , Meszaros J b , Luczak M a . a Department of Medical Microbiology, The University Medical School, Warsaw, Poland , b Department of Bacteriology, State Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland Purpose:

T10592

436359-436589

Sentence

denotes

Rokosz A a , Sawicka-Grzelak A a , Meszaros J b , Luczak M a . a Department of Medical Microbiology, The University Medical School, Warsaw, Poland , b Department of Bacteriology, State Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3736

436590-436722

Sentence

denotes

To identify ESBL-positive strains and to compare two methods applied for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).

T51233

436590-436722

Sentence

denotes

To identify ESBL-positive strains and to compare two methods applied for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).

TextSentencer_T3737

436723-436731

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T99636

436723-436731

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3738

436732-436849

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and sixty strains of Gram-negative rods were cultured from clinical specimens from hospitalized patients.

T65902

436732-436849

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and sixty strains of Gram-negative rods were cultured from clinical specimens from hospitalized patients.

TextSentencer_T3739

436850-436939

Sentence

denotes

Identification of strains was performed in the automatic ATB system (bioMerieux, France).

T37543

436850-436939

Sentence

denotes

Identification of strains was performed in the automatic ATB system (bioMerieux, France).

TextSentencer_T3740

436940-437081

Sentence

denotes

These strains were identified as ESBL-positive on the basis of the double-disc synergy test (DDST according to Jarlier et al., 1988) results.

T74582

436940-437081

Sentence

denotes

These strains were identified as ESBL-positive on the basis of the double-disc synergy test (DDST according to Jarlier et al., 1988) results.

TextSentencer_T3741

437082-437206

Sentence

denotes

All strains were also determined using a novel method of ESBL detection (DD, diagnostic disc) according to Appleton (1999) .

T77980

437082-437206

Sentence

denotes

All strains were also determined using a novel method of ESBL detection (DD, diagnostic disc) according to Appleton (1999) .

TextSentencer_T3742

437207-437319

Sentence

denotes

Two discs were applied in this test: CPD (cefpodoxime) and CD 01 (cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid) (Oxoid, England).

T3737

437207-437319

Sentence

denotes

Two discs were applied in this test: CPD (cefpodoxime) and CD 01 (cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid) (Oxoid, England).

TextSentencer_T3743

437320-437328

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T67575

437320-437328

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3744

437329-437453

Sentence

denotes

Consistent results of two methods (DDST and DD) were obtained in the case of 166 from among 260 of examined strains (60.4%).

T65757

437329-437453

Sentence

denotes

Consistent results of two methods (DDST and DD) were obtained in the case of 166 from among 260 of examined strains (60.4%).

TextSentencer_T3745

437454-437600

Sentence

denotes

Consistent results concerned 161 out of 222 strains of enteric rods (72.5%) and only five from among 38 other strains (mostly nonfermenting rods).

T27533

437454-437600

Sentence

denotes

Consistent results concerned 161 out of 222 strains of enteric rods (72.5%) and only five from among 38 other strains (mostly nonfermenting rods).

TextSentencer_T3746

437601-437613

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T32601

437601-437613

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3747

437614-437753

Sentence

denotes

The novel method of ESBL-producers detection (DD) is more objective and easier for interpretation than the double-disc synergy test (DDST).

T972

437614-437753

Sentence

denotes

The novel method of ESBL-producers detection (DD) is more objective and easier for interpretation than the double-disc synergy test (DDST).

TextSentencer_T3748

437754-437860

Sentence

denotes

Diagnostic disc test should be used as the basic one or to confirm the results of DDST in difficult cases.

T37654

437754-437860

Sentence

denotes

Diagnostic disc test should be used as the basic one or to confirm the results of DDST in difficult cases.

TextSentencer_T3749

437861-437941

Sentence

denotes

Assessment of E -test for determining penicillin resistance in pneumococci PM172

T25751

437861-437941

Sentence

denotes

Assessment of E -test for determining penicillin resistance in pneumococci PM172

TextSentencer_T3750

437942-437986

Sentence

denotes

Sener B, Yeniþehirli G, Ercis S, Hasçelik G.

T76248

437942-437986

Sentence

denotes

Sener B, Yeniþehirli G, Ercis S, Hasçelik G.

TextSentencer_T3751

437987-438076

Sentence

denotes

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

T40445

437987-438076

Sentence

denotes

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

TextSentencer_T3752

438077-438199

Sentence

denotes

There is a greater need for susceptibility testing methods that distinguish between susceptible and resistant pneumococci.

T15365

438077-438199

Sentence

denotes

There is a greater need for susceptibility testing methods that distinguish between susceptible and resistant pneumococci.

TextSentencer_T3753

438200-438316

Sentence

denotes

An alternative method could be the E -test, which is compared with the reference agar dilution method in this study.

T70117

438200-438316

Sentence

denotes

An alternative method could be the E -test, which is compared with the reference agar dilution method in this study.

TextSentencer_T3754

438317-438425

Sentence

denotes

Penicillin susceptibility of a total of 149 pneumococci was determined by E -test and agar dilution methods.

T70857

438317-438425

Sentence

denotes

Penicillin susceptibility of a total of 149 pneumococci was determined by E -test and agar dilution methods.

TextSentencer_T3755

438426-438521

Sentence

denotes

Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were used as controls.

T77395

438426-438521

Sentence

denotes

Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were used as controls.

TextSentencer_T3756

438522-438665

Sentence

denotes

The results were given in the Effect of anoxic conditions on the minimum inhibitory concentration of metronidazole in Helicobacter pylori PM173

T77063

438522-438665

Sentence

denotes

The results were given in the Effect of anoxic conditions on the minimum inhibitory concentration of metronidazole in Helicobacter pylori PM173

TextSentencer_T3757

438666-438728

Sentence

denotes

de la Obra Sanz P, Lomas E, Roman JL, Alarcon T, Lopez-Brea M.

T29228

438666-438728

Sentence

denotes

de la Obra Sanz P, Lomas E, Roman JL, Alarcon T, Lopez-Brea M.

TextSentencer_T3758

438729-438879

Sentence

denotes

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of incubation under anoxic conditions on the metronidazole resistance of Helicobacter pylori .

T32249

438729-438879

Sentence

denotes

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of incubation under anoxic conditions on the metronidazole resistance of Helicobacter pylori .

TextSentencer_T3759

438880-438888

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T29797

438880-438888

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3760

438889-438945

Sentence

denotes

A total of 35 clinical isolates were used in this study.

T90182

438889-438945

Sentence

denotes

A total of 35 clinical isolates were used in this study.

TextSentencer_T3761

438946-439046

Sentence

denotes

MICs were determined by an agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar plus 7% lysed horse blood.

T94896

438946-439046

Sentence

denotes

MICs were determined by an agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar plus 7% lysed horse blood.

TextSentencer_T3762

439047-439149

Sentence

denotes

Three plates series contained twofold dilutions of metronidazole from 256 to 0.008 mg/l were prepared.

T71005

439047-439149

Sentence

denotes

Three plates series contained twofold dilutions of metronidazole from 256 to 0.008 mg/l were prepared.

TextSentencer_T3763

439150-439436

Sentence

denotes

The first one was incubated under microaerophilic conditions (Oxoid) for 3 days; second and third series were incubated anaerobically (anaerobic system, Oxoid) for 8 and 18 h, respectively, and were then transferred to the microaerophilic enviroment up to complete 3 days of incubation.

T22298

439150-439436

Sentence

denotes

The first one was incubated under microaerophilic conditions (Oxoid) for 3 days; second and third series were incubated anaerobically (anaerobic system, Oxoid) for 8 and 18 h, respectively, and were then transferred to the microaerophilic enviroment up to complete 3 days of incubation.

TextSentencer_T3764

439437-439445

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T42078

439437-439445

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3765

439446-439557

Sentence

denotes

With microaerophilic incubation, 12 of 35 strains were resistant (MIC50 and MIC90 were 1 and 32, respectively).

T41336

439446-439557

Sentence

denotes

With microaerophilic incubation, 12 of 35 strains were resistant (MIC50 and MIC90 were 1 and 32, respectively).

TextSentencer_T3766

439558-439673

Sentence

denotes

With 8 h anaerobic preincubation, four of 35 strains were resistant (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5 and 4, respectively).

T90399

439558-439673

Sentence

denotes

With 8 h anaerobic preincubation, four of 35 strains were resistant (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5 and 4, respectively).

TextSentencer_T3767

439674-439787

Sentence

denotes

With 18 h anaerobic preincubation, 1 of 35 strains was resistant (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.25 and 1, respectively).

T14262

439674-439787

Sentence

denotes

With 18 h anaerobic preincubation, 1 of 35 strains was resistant (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.25 and 1, respectively).

TextSentencer_T3768

439788-439800

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T3727

439788-439800

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3769

439801-439950

Sentence

denotes

Anaerobic preincubations causes an increase in sensitivity to metronidazole, the extent of which was dependent on the length of the anaerobic period.

T4168

439801-439950

Sentence

denotes

Anaerobic preincubations causes an increase in sensitivity to metronidazole, the extent of which was dependent on the length of the anaerobic period.

TextSentencer_T3770

439951-439959

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T48172

439951-439959

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3771

439960-440062

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility to antibiotics was performed by microdilution method according to NCCLS guidelines.

T84364

439960-440062

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility to antibiotics was performed by microdilution method according to NCCLS guidelines.

TextSentencer_T3772

440063-440133

Sentence

denotes

The production of b-lactamase was tested by nitrocefin sticks (Oxoid).

T14901

440063-440133

Sentence

denotes

The production of b-lactamase was tested by nitrocefin sticks (Oxoid).

TextSentencer_T3773

440134-440142

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T79832

440134-440142

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3774

440143-440521

Sentence

denotes

The MICs50/MICs90 (mg/ml) appeared, respectively: ampicillin 1/4, amoxicillin/clavulanic 0.06/0.12, cefaclor 1/1, ceftriazone 0.06/0.5, erythromycin 0.12/0.25, azithromycin 5/0.03/0.06, clarithromycin 0.12/0.12, ciprofloxacin 0.03/0.06, imipenem 5/0.015/0.06, tetracycline 5/0.25/5/0.25, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 0.25/0.25. b-Lactamase was detected in 98.5% of the strains.

T39049

440143-440521

Sentence

denotes

The MICs50/MICs90 (mg/ml) appeared, respectively: ampicillin 1/4, amoxicillin/clavulanic 0.06/0.12, cefaclor 1/1, ceftriazone 0.06/0.5, erythromycin 0.12/0.25, azithromycin 5/0.03/0.06, clarithromycin 0.12/0.12, ciprofloxacin 0.03/0.06, imipenem 5/0.015/0.06, tetracycline 5/0.25/5/0.25, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 0.25/0.25. b-Lactamase was detected in 98.5% of the strains.

TextSentencer_T3775

440522-440728

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) M. catarrhalis isolates were uniformly susceptible to all tested antimicrobials except ampicillin. (2) The production of blactamase was responsible for ampicillin resistance (98.5%). (3) M.

T34338

440522-440728

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) M. catarrhalis isolates were uniformly susceptible to all tested antimicrobials except ampicillin. (2) The production of blactamase was responsible for ampicillin resistance (98.5%). (3) M.

TextSentencer_T3776

440729-440859

Sentence

denotes

catarrhalis strains had almost the same behavior 'in vitro' to the tested microlides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarythromycin).

T21756

440729-440859

Sentence

denotes

catarrhalis strains had almost the same behavior 'in vitro' to the tested microlides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarythromycin).

TextSentencer_T3777

440860-440898

Sentence

denotes

Rokosz A, Sawicka-Grzelak A, Luczak M.

T69638

440860-440898

Sentence

denotes

Rokosz A, Sawicka-Grzelak A, Luczak M.

TextSentencer_T3778

440899-440989

Sentence

denotes

Department of Medical Microbiology, The University Medical School, Warsaw, Poland Purpose:

T18826

440899-440989

Sentence

denotes

Department of Medical Microbiology, The University Medical School, Warsaw, Poland Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3779

440990-441217

Sentence

denotes

To isolate, identify and determine the drug-susceptibility of fungal strains cultured from fecal samples routinely submitted for detection of Clostridium difficile and its toxins in cases of antibioticassociated diarrhea (AAD).

T11614

440990-441217

Sentence

denotes

To isolate, identify and determine the drug-susceptibility of fungal strains cultured from fecal samples routinely submitted for detection of Clostridium difficile and its toxins in cases of antibioticassociated diarrhea (AAD).

TextSentencer_T3780

441218-441226

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T5329

441218-441226

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3781

441227-441315

Sentence

denotes

One hundred fecal samples from hospitalized patients were examined (May Á/October 2001).

T29490

441227-441315

Sentence

denotes

One hundred fecal samples from hospitalized patients were examined (May Á/October 2001).

TextSentencer_T3782

441316-441380

Sentence

denotes

C. difficile toxins A/B were detected directly in stools with C.

T71163

441316-441380

Sentence

denotes

C. difficile toxins A/B were detected directly in stools with C.

TextSentencer_T3783

441381-441425

Sentence

denotes

DIFFICILE TOX A/B II test (TechLab † , USA).

T53751

441381-441425

Sentence

denotes

DIFFICILE TOX A/B II test (TechLab † , USA).

TextSentencer_T3784

441426-441508

Sentence

denotes

Fecal specimens were inoculated on CCCA and Candida ID (bioMerieux, France) media.

T48473

441426-441508

Sentence

denotes

Fecal specimens were inoculated on CCCA and Candida ID (bioMerieux, France) media.

TextSentencer_T3785

441509-441589

Sentence

denotes

C. difficile and fungi were identified with standard microbiological procedures.

T79746

441509-441589

Sentence

denotes

C. difficile and fungi were identified with standard microbiological procedures.

TextSentencer_T3786

441590-441693

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility of fungal strains to anti-fungal agents was determined (ATB FUNGUS, bioMerieux, France).

T52912

441590-441693

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility of fungal strains to anti-fungal agents was determined (ATB FUNGUS, bioMerieux, France).

TextSentencer_T3787

441694-441812

Sentence

denotes

Results: C. difficile toxins were detected in 38 and C. difficile strains were isolated from 23 of examined specimens.

T21445

441694-441812

Sentence

denotes

Results: C. difficile toxins were detected in 38 and C. difficile strains were isolated from 23 of examined specimens.

TextSentencer_T3788

441813-441912

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-two fungal strains of 8 genera were cultured from 50 stool samples (24 C. albicans isolates).

T53999

441813-441912

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-two fungal strains of 8 genera were cultured from 50 stool samples (24 C. albicans isolates).

TextSentencer_T3789

441913-441981

Sentence

denotes

Massive fungal growths were observed on primary plates in all cases.

T28563

441913-441981

Sentence

denotes

Massive fungal growths were observed on primary plates in all cases.

TextSentencer_T3790

441982-442140

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-five fungal strains were susceptible to nystatin, 53-to 5fluorocytosine, 52-to amphotericin B, 45-to ketoconazole, 43-to miconazole and 39-to econazole.

T28990

441982-442140

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-five fungal strains were susceptible to nystatin, 53-to 5fluorocytosine, 52-to amphotericin B, 45-to ketoconazole, 43-to miconazole and 39-to econazole.

TextSentencer_T3791

442141-442153

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T5117

442141-442153

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3792

442154-442262

Sentence

denotes

In some cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea fungal strains are responsible for symptoms of this disease.

T16959

442154-442262

Sentence

denotes

In some cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea fungal strains are responsible for symptoms of this disease.

TextSentencer_T3793

442263-442332

Sentence

denotes

Certain persons having AAD should be treated with anti-fungal agents.

T7925

442263-442332

Sentence

denotes

Certain persons having AAD should be treated with anti-fungal agents.

TextSentencer_T3794

442333-442341

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T97938

442333-442341

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3795

442342-442484

Sentence

denotes

A total of 291 isolates (33.2%) were penicillin nonsusceptible (intermediate and resistant) and 308 (35.1%) were erythromycin non-susceptible.

T86963

442342-442484

Sentence

denotes

A total of 291 isolates (33.2%) were penicillin nonsusceptible (intermediate and resistant) and 308 (35.1%) were erythromycin non-susceptible.

TextSentencer_T3796

442485-442549

Sentence

denotes

Non-susceptibility to both antibiotics was found in 183 (20.9%).

T99087

442485-442549

Sentence

denotes

Non-susceptibility to both antibiotics was found in 183 (20.9%).

TextSentencer_T3797

442550-442562

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T94386

442550-442562

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3798

442563-442755

Sentence

denotes

If penicillin administration eliminates all penicillin susceptible strains, the prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible strains will increase as well as the erythromycin non-susceptible ones.

T1659

442563-442755

Sentence

denotes

If penicillin administration eliminates all penicillin susceptible strains, the prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible strains will increase as well as the erythromycin non-susceptible ones.

TextSentencer_T3799

442756-442862

Sentence

denotes

This means that the proportion of erythromycin non-susceptible strains should increase from 35.1 to 62.9%.

T82288

442756-442862

Sentence

denotes

This means that the proportion of erythromycin non-susceptible strains should increase from 35.1 to 62.9%.

TextSentencer_T3800

442863-443050

Sentence

denotes

At the same time, if erythromycin eliminate all susceptible strains to this antibiotic, the prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible strains would increase from the initial 33.2 to 59.4%.

T91234

442863-443050

Sentence

denotes

At the same time, if erythromycin eliminate all susceptible strains to this antibiotic, the prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible strains would increase from the initial 33.2 to 59.4%.

TextSentencer_T3801

443051-443142

Sentence

denotes

These data can explain the co-selection results observed in different surveillance studies.

T24858

443051-443142

Sentence

denotes

These data can explain the co-selection results observed in different surveillance studies.

TextSentencer_T3802

443143-443282

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial susceptibility and capsular types/groups of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing pneumococcal diseases in Bulgaria PM178

T31020

443143-443282

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial susceptibility and capsular types/groups of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing pneumococcal diseases in Bulgaria PM178

TextSentencer_T3803

443283-443683

Sentence

denotes

Setchanova L a , Gergova R a , Ioneva M b , Sredkova V c . a Department of Microbiology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria , b Department of Microbiology, II City Hospital-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria , c Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pleven, Bulgaria A prospective study of pneumococcal infections was performed in cooperation with five clinical microbiology laboratories in Bulgaria.

T80750

443283-443683

Sentence

denotes

Setchanova L a , Gergova R a , Ioneva M b , Sredkova V c . a Department of Microbiology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria , b Department of Microbiology, II City Hospital-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria , c Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pleven, Bulgaria A prospective study of pneumococcal infections was performed in cooperation with five clinical microbiology laboratories in Bulgaria.

TextSentencer_T3804

443684-443814

Sentence

denotes

MICs values to 12 antimicrobials and serotype/serogroup distribution were determined for 242 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae .

T83484

443684-443814

Sentence

denotes

MICs values to 12 antimicrobials and serotype/serogroup distribution were determined for 242 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae .

TextSentencer_T3805

443815-443895

Sentence

denotes

Pneumococci were isolated from patients with systemic or respiratory infections.

T77286

443815-443895

Sentence

denotes

Pneumococci were isolated from patients with systemic or respiratory infections.

TextSentencer_T3806

443896-444006

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of penicillin G-intermediate and penicillin Gresistant isolate was 27.3 and 10.3%, respectively.

T43990

443896-444006

Sentence

denotes

The incidence of penicillin G-intermediate and penicillin Gresistant isolate was 27.3 and 10.3%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T3807

444007-444258

Sentence

denotes

The rates of resistance to other antimicrobials were: cefotaxime/ceftriaxone */ 6.2%; erythromycin */21.5%; clindamycin */7.8%; tetracycline */ 24%; chloramphenicol */26.4%; trimethoprim/sulfamothoxazole */ 38%; ciprofloxacin */10.7%; rifampin */3.7%.

T63814

444007-444258

Sentence

denotes

The rates of resistance to other antimicrobials were: cefotaxime/ceftriaxone */ 6.2%; erythromycin */21.5%; clindamycin */7.8%; tetracycline */ 24%; chloramphenicol */26.4%; trimethoprim/sulfamothoxazole */ 38%; ciprofloxacin */10.7%; rifampin */3.7%.

TextSentencer_T3808

444259-444323

Sentence

denotes

The S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 19 capsular types/groups.

T37871

444259-444323

Sentence

denotes

The S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 19 capsular types/groups.

TextSentencer_T3809

444324-444528

Sentence

denotes

The most common serotypes/serogroups in Bulgaria are 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 14, 19 We aimed to determine the pneumococcal antibiotic resistance rates and the serotypes of those resistant isolates in our hospital.

T41902

444324-444528

Sentence

denotes

The most common serotypes/serogroups in Bulgaria are 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 14, 19 We aimed to determine the pneumococcal antibiotic resistance rates and the serotypes of those resistant isolates in our hospital.

TextSentencer_T3810

444529-444619

Sentence

denotes

The MIC values of 212 isolates (year 1996 Á/2001) were determined by agar dilution method.

T6097

444529-444619

Sentence

denotes

The MIC values of 212 isolates (year 1996 Á/2001) were determined by agar dilution method.

TextSentencer_T3811

444620-444692

Sentence

denotes

Serotyping was performed by using 12 pooled antisera of the Pneumo-test.

T42136

444620-444692

Sentence

denotes

Serotyping was performed by using 12 pooled antisera of the Pneumo-test.

TextSentencer_T3812

444693-444731

Sentence

denotes

The results were as follows (n 0/212).

T44405

444693-444731

Sentence

denotes

The results were as follows (n 0/212).

TextSentencer_T3813

444732-444743

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T25710

444732-444743

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T3814

444744-444910

Sentence

denotes

To asses the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from 1997 to 2000 and to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance.

T90600

444744-444910

Sentence

denotes

To asses the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from 1997 to 2000 and to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance.

TextSentencer_T3815

444911-444985

Sentence

denotes

Methods: MICs were determined by microdilution testing according to NCCLS.

T92695

444911-444985

Sentence

denotes

Methods: MICs were determined by microdilution testing according to NCCLS.

TextSentencer_T3816

444986-445139

Sentence

denotes

The antibiotics tested were: ceftazidime (CAZ), aztreonam (ATM), imipenem (IMP), gentamicin (CN), tobramycin (TB), amikacin (AK) and ciprofloxacin (CIP).

T94543

444986-445139

Sentence

denotes

The antibiotics tested were: ceftazidime (CAZ), aztreonam (ATM), imipenem (IMP), gentamicin (CN), tobramycin (TB), amikacin (AK) and ciprofloxacin (CIP).

TextSentencer_T3817

445140-445148

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T65923

445140-445148

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3818

445149-445188

Sentence

denotes

A total of 1293 isolates were included.

T35204

445149-445188

Sentence

denotes

A total of 1293 isolates were included.

TextSentencer_T3819

445189-445349

Sentence

denotes

Urine was the most common site of isolation for outpatients isolates (61.2%) while for hospitalized patients respiratory samples were the most frequent (40.2%).

T10404

445189-445349

Sentence

denotes

Urine was the most common site of isolation for outpatients isolates (61.2%) while for hospitalized patients respiratory samples were the most frequent (40.2%).

TextSentencer_T3820

445350-445384

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antibiotics was:

T33230

445350-445384

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antibiotics was:

TextSentencer_T3821

445385-445457

Sentence

denotes

90% CAZ, 87.5% ATM, 93% IMP, 76.8% CN, 95.5% TB, 96.7% AK and 81.9% CIP.

T88859

445385-445457

Sentence

denotes

90% CAZ, 87.5% ATM, 93% IMP, 76.8% CN, 95.5% TB, 96.7% AK and 81.9% CIP.

TextSentencer_T3822

445458-445695

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of susceptibility data through 1997 Á/2000 showed that the increase in the resistance rate was significative for CAZ (4.6 vs 12.9%), ATM (9.9 vs 18%), CN (18 vs 26%), TB (1.85 vs 6.9%), AK (1.6 vs 5.7%) and CIP (15.17 vs 21%).

T34907

445458-445695

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of susceptibility data through 1997 Á/2000 showed that the increase in the resistance rate was significative for CAZ (4.6 vs 12.9%), ATM (9.9 vs 18%), CN (18 vs 26%), TB (1.85 vs 6.9%), AK (1.6 vs 5.7%) and CIP (15.17 vs 21%).

TextSentencer_T3823

445696-445877

Sentence

denotes

Significant differences were found under the following circumstances: isolates from intensive care units and from inpatients were significatively more resistant to CAZ, ATM and IMP.

T74532

445696-445877

Sentence

denotes

Significant differences were found under the following circumstances: isolates from intensive care units and from inpatients were significatively more resistant to CAZ, ATM and IMP.

TextSentencer_T3824

445878-446006

Sentence

denotes

Isolates from respiratory samples were more resistant to CAZ and ATM and isolates from urine samples were more resistant to CIP.

T93855

445878-446006

Sentence

denotes

Isolates from respiratory samples were more resistant to CAZ and ATM and isolates from urine samples were more resistant to CIP.

TextSentencer_T3825

446007-446019

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T93747

446007-446019

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3826

446020-446181

Sentence

denotes

Although the antimicrobial susceptibility level has been decreasing P. aeruginosa isolates still show good susceptibility percentages for all antibiotics tested.

T57284

446020-446181

Sentence

denotes

Although the antimicrobial susceptibility level has been decreasing P. aeruginosa isolates still show good susceptibility percentages for all antibiotics tested.

TextSentencer_T3827

446182-446312

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Bordetella pertussis : report on 27 isolates from Rouen, France PM181

T13828

446182-446312

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Bordetella pertussis : report on 27 isolates from Rouen, France PM181

TextSentencer_T3828

446313-446476

Sentence

denotes

Lemee L a , Nouvellon M a , Caron F b , Lemeland JF a . a CHU Rouen, Bacteriologie, Rouen, France , b CHU Rouen, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Rouen, France

T17038

446313-446476

Sentence

denotes

Lemee L a , Nouvellon M a , Caron F b , Lemeland JF a . a CHU Rouen, Bacteriologie, Rouen, France , b CHU Rouen, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Rouen, France

TextSentencer_T3829

446477-446768

Sentence

denotes

Reports of an increased clinical incidence of pertussis and the development of resistance by Bordetella pertussis to erythromycin prompted the collection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of recent clinical isolates from patients, who were hospitalized in Rouen between 1991 and 1999.

T14159

446477-446768

Sentence

denotes

Reports of an increased clinical incidence of pertussis and the development of resistance by Bordetella pertussis to erythromycin prompted the collection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of recent clinical isolates from patients, who were hospitalized in Rouen between 1991 and 1999.

TextSentencer_T3830

446769-447020

Sentence

denotes

MICs of nine antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, josamycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin, ketolide HMR 3647, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin and amoxicillin) were measured by agar dilution method on Mueller-Hinton agar containing 5% horse blood.

T90381

446769-447020

Sentence

denotes

MICs of nine antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, josamycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin, ketolide HMR 3647, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin and amoxicillin) were measured by agar dilution method on Mueller-Hinton agar containing 5% horse blood.

TextSentencer_T3831

447021-447117

Sentence

denotes

MBCs of erythromycin and rifampicin were also determined against four isolates of B. pertussis .

T26095

447021-447117

Sentence

denotes

MBCs of erythromycin and rifampicin were also determined against four isolates of B. pertussis .

TextSentencer_T3832

447118-447194

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were fully susceptible to the nine antimicrobial agents tested.

T32900

447118-447194

Sentence

denotes

All isolates were fully susceptible to the nine antimicrobial agents tested.

TextSentencer_T3833

447195-447397

Sentence

denotes

MICs 90 (mcg/ml) were 0.03 for erythromycin, ketolide HMR 3647 and ciprofloxacin, 0.06 for josamycin, 0.25 for spiramycin, roxithromycin and rifampicin, 0.5/2.5 for cotrimoxazole, and 1 for amoxicillin.

T25264

447195-447397

Sentence

denotes

MICs 90 (mcg/ml) were 0.03 for erythromycin, ketolide HMR 3647 and ciprofloxacin, 0.06 for josamycin, 0.25 for spiramycin, roxithromycin and rifampicin, 0.5/2.5 for cotrimoxazole, and 1 for amoxicillin.

TextSentencer_T3834

447398-447473

Sentence

denotes

MBCs (mcg/ml) were 0.125 Á/0.5 for eyrthromycin and 0.5 Á/1 for rifampicin.

T91297

447398-447473

Sentence

denotes

MBCs (mcg/ml) were 0.125 Á/0.5 for eyrthromycin and 0.5 Á/1 for rifampicin.

TextSentencer_T3835

447474-447605

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, our isolates of B. pertussis remain extremely susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, especially macrolides.

T16784

447474-447605

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, our isolates of B. pertussis remain extremely susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, especially macrolides.

TextSentencer_T3836

447606-447633

Sentence

denotes

No resistance was detected.

T2448

447606-447633

Sentence

denotes

No resistance was detected.

TextSentencer_T3837

447634-447764

Sentence

denotes

Finally, if erythromycin remains the molecule of choice, other macrolides (C14 and C16) also confirm their good in-vitro activity.

T11195

447634-447764

Sentence

denotes

Finally, if erythromycin remains the molecule of choice, other macrolides (C14 and C16) also confirm their good in-vitro activity.

TextSentencer_T3838

447765-447957

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the good in-vitro potency of rifampicin, together with its great diffusion within the respiratory tract, suggests that rifampicin has potential clinical efficacy in pertussis too.

T88761

447765-447957

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the good in-vitro potency of rifampicin, together with its great diffusion within the respiratory tract, suggests that rifampicin has potential clinical efficacy in pertussis too.

TextSentencer_T3839

447958-448133

Sentence

denotes

The emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) with diminished susceptibility to penicillin G (PSDP) suggests the use of other antibiotics such as newer fluoroquinolones (FQ).

T99920

447958-448133

Sentence

denotes

The emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) with diminished susceptibility to penicillin G (PSDP) suggests the use of other antibiotics such as newer fluoroquinolones (FQ).

TextSentencer_T3840

448134-448317

Sentence

denotes

The resistance phenotypes of 252 consecutive pneumococcal strains isolated from patients of four hospitals (Observatoire Régional des Pneumocoques du Nord-Pas de Calais) were studied:

T79082

448134-448317

Sentence

denotes

The resistance phenotypes of 252 consecutive pneumococcal strains isolated from patients of four hospitals (Observatoire Régional des Pneumocoques du Nord-Pas de Calais) were studied:

TextSentencer_T3841

448318-448380

Sentence

denotes

39 strains were susceptible to penicillin G and 213 were PSDP.

T71184

448318-448380

Sentence

denotes

39 strains were susceptible to penicillin G and 213 were PSDP.

TextSentencer_T3842

448381-448493

Sentence

denotes

Reference strains provided from the Centre National de Réfeacute;rence des Pneumocoques were added to the study.

T51067

448381-448493

Sentence

denotes

Reference strains provided from the Centre National de Réfeacute;rence des Pneumocoques were added to the study.

TextSentencer_T3843

448494-448606

Sentence

denotes

The activity of pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was studied.

T734

448494-448606

Sentence

denotes

The activity of pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was studied.

TextSentencer_T3844

448607-448657

Sentence

denotes

Reserpine was used to detect the efflux phenotype.

T551

448607-448657

Sentence

denotes

Reserpine was used to detect the efflux phenotype.

TextSentencer_T3845

448658-448793

Sentence

denotes

Methods used were performed according to the recommendations of the Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie.

T9802

448658-448793

Sentence

denotes

Methods used were performed according to the recommendations of the Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie.

TextSentencer_T3846

448794-448965

Sentence

denotes

For each strain, the resistance phenotype to FQ was deduced by comparison of MICs or diameters obtained with those obtained with the reference strains of known phenotypes.

T75827

448794-448965

Sentence

denotes

For each strain, the resistance phenotype to FQ was deduced by comparison of MICs or diameters obtained with those obtained with the reference strains of known phenotypes.

TextSentencer_T3847

448966-449045

Sentence

denotes

FQ resistance phenotypes were not correlated to blactam agent susceptibilities.

T46580

448966-449045

Sentence

denotes

FQ resistance phenotypes were not correlated to blactam agent susceptibilities.

TextSentencer_T3848

449046-449150

Sentence

denotes

Wild type phenotype was observed among 76.9 and 77.5% of the susceptible and PSDP strains, respectively.

T61594

449046-449150

Sentence

denotes

Wild type phenotype was observed among 76.9 and 77.5% of the susceptible and PSDP strains, respectively.

TextSentencer_T3849

449151-449265

Sentence

denotes

A 'wild efflux' mechanism, deduced by addition of reserpine to norfloxacin, represented the predominant phenotype.

T15828

449151-449265

Sentence

denotes

A 'wild efflux' mechanism, deduced by addition of reserpine to norfloxacin, represented the predominant phenotype.

TextSentencer_T3850

449266-449357

Sentence

denotes

It was detected among Sp susceptible to penicillin G (23.1%) as well as among PSDP (17.4%).

T11520

449266-449357

Sentence

denotes

It was detected among Sp susceptible to penicillin G (23.1%) as well as among PSDP (17.4%).

TextSentencer_T3851

449358-449586

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to determine macrolide resistance phenotypes of SP isolated in three French departments (Alpes Maritimes, Doubs, Nord) from nasopharyngeal aspirates of children aged 3 months to 3 years attending a DCC.

T88709

449358-449586

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to determine macrolide resistance phenotypes of SP isolated in three French departments (Alpes Maritimes, Doubs, Nord) from nasopharyngeal aspirates of children aged 3 months to 3 years attending a DCC.

TextSentencer_T3852

449587-449793

Sentence

denotes

A random sample of children attending randomly selected DCCs was obtained during three periods (Spring, Autumn and Winter 1999) in each department (10 494 children attending DCCs and 2565 children sampled).

T19492

449587-449793

Sentence

denotes

A random sample of children attending randomly selected DCCs was obtained during three periods (Spring, Autumn and Winter 1999) in each department (10 494 children attending DCCs and 2565 children sampled).

TextSentencer_T3853

449794-449883

Sentence

denotes

Analysis of macrolide susceptibility of SP strains was performed using the CA-SFM method.

T17181

449794-449883

Sentence

denotes

Analysis of macrolide susceptibility of SP strains was performed using the CA-SFM method.

TextSentencer_T3854

449884-450002

Sentence

denotes

Out of 1262 strains, 64.7% had decreased susceptibility to penicillin (SPDP) and 77.5% were resistant to erythromycin.

T22998

449884-450002

Sentence

denotes

Out of 1262 strains, 64.7% had decreased susceptibility to penicillin (SPDP) and 77.5% were resistant to erythromycin.

TextSentencer_T3855

450003-450132

Sentence

denotes

The triple disk diffusion method (erythromycin (E), clindamycin (Cl) and spiramycin) was used to determine resistance phenotypes.

T65963

450003-450132

Sentence

denotes

The triple disk diffusion method (erythromycin (E), clindamycin (Cl) and spiramycin) was used to determine resistance phenotypes.

TextSentencer_T3856

450133-450221

Sentence

denotes

Macrolide resistance is a well known phenomenon in France and is confirmed by our study.

T40116

450133-450221

Sentence

denotes

Macrolide resistance is a well known phenomenon in France and is confirmed by our study.

TextSentencer_T3857

450222-450404

Sentence

denotes

These results show that the constitutive phenotype is predominant as in other parts of Europe and the frequency of efflux mechanism is lower than that observed in the USA and Canada.

T99864

450222-450404

Sentence

denotes

These results show that the constitutive phenotype is predominant as in other parts of Europe and the frequency of efflux mechanism is lower than that observed in the USA and Canada.

TextSentencer_T3858

450405-450500

Sentence

denotes

Developing antibiotic resistance surveillance of Helicobacter pylori in England and Wales PM184

T92391

450405-450500

Sentence

denotes

Developing antibiotic resistance surveillance of Helicobacter pylori in England and Wales PM184

TextSentencer_T3859

450501-450520

Sentence

denotes

Elviss NC, Owen RJ.

T8448

450501-450520

Sentence

denotes

Elviss NC, Owen RJ.

TextSentencer_T3860

450521-450607

Sentence

denotes

Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Purpose:

T56674

450521-450607

Sentence

denotes

Central Public Health Laboratory, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, London, UK Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3861

450608-450732

Sentence

denotes

Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance is a key contributing factor in Â/10% of infected patients failing drug treatment.

T93287

450608-450732

Sentence

denotes

Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance is a key contributing factor in Â/10% of infected patients failing drug treatment.

TextSentencer_T3862

450733-450846

Sentence

denotes

Our aim was to survey rates of primary in-vitro resistance at different locations, and links to disease severity.

T69414

450733-450846

Sentence

denotes

Our aim was to survey rates of primary in-vitro resistance at different locations, and links to disease severity.

TextSentencer_T3863

450847-451043

Sentence

denotes

Antral gastric biopsies/cultures were received from PHLs in Chelmsford, mid-Essex (1115 isolates 1995 Á/2001); London (103 isolates 1999 Á/2000); and Bangor, north Wales (165 isolates1999 Á/2001).

T39428

450847-451043

Sentence

denotes

Antral gastric biopsies/cultures were received from PHLs in Chelmsford, mid-Essex (1115 isolates 1995 Á/2001); London (103 isolates 1999 Á/2000); and Bangor, north Wales (165 isolates1999 Á/2001).

TextSentencer_T3864

451044-451214

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibilities to metronidazole (Mtz), clarithromycin (Cla), tetracycline (Tet) and amoxicillin (Amx) were tested by disc diffusion and also by E -test for Cla and Mtz.

T19250

451044-451214

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibilities to metronidazole (Mtz), clarithromycin (Cla), tetracycline (Tet) and amoxicillin (Amx) were tested by disc diffusion and also by E -test for Cla and Mtz.

TextSentencer_T3865

451215-451223

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T98274

451215-451223

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3866

451224-451297

Sentence

denotes

Overall resistance rates (1383 isolates) were 38% for Mtz and 8% for Cla.

T33664

451224-451297

Sentence

denotes

Overall resistance rates (1383 isolates) were 38% for Mtz and 8% for Cla.

TextSentencer_T3867

451298-451334

Sentence

denotes

All were susceptible to Amx and Tet.

T55891

451298-451334

Sentence

denotes

All were susceptible to Amx and Tet.

TextSentencer_T3868

451335-451363

Sentence

denotes

Dual resistance rate was 5%.

T72863

451335-451363

Sentence

denotes

Dual resistance rate was 5%.

TextSentencer_T3869

451364-451417

Sentence

denotes

Breakdown by location showed some marked differences.

T10111

451364-451417

Sentence

denotes

Breakdown by location showed some marked differences.

TextSentencer_T3870

451418-451509

Sentence

denotes

Mtz resistance was highest in London (63%) compared to 37% in Chelmsford and 20% in Bangor.

T57165

451418-451509

Sentence

denotes

Mtz resistance was highest in London (63%) compared to 37% in Chelmsford and 20% in Bangor.

TextSentencer_T3871

451510-451592

Sentence

denotes

By contrast Cla rates were 11% for London, and about 5% for Bangor and Chelmsford.

T63686

451510-451592

Sentence

denotes

By contrast Cla rates were 11% for London, and about 5% for Bangor and Chelmsford.

TextSentencer_T3872

451593-451701

Sentence

denotes

In London, the majority of Mtz resistant isolates were from non-UK borne individuals (75% non-UK vs 25% UK).

T70417

451593-451701

Sentence

denotes

In London, the majority of Mtz resistant isolates were from non-UK borne individuals (75% non-UK vs 25% UK).

TextSentencer_T3873

451702-451834

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of duodenal ulcer-associated isolates with those from non-ulcer patients indicated similar rates of Mtz resistance (28%).

T56176

451702-451834

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of duodenal ulcer-associated isolates with those from non-ulcer patients indicated similar rates of Mtz resistance (28%).

TextSentencer_T3874

451835-451846

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T8186

451835-451846

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3875

451847-452032

Sentence

denotes

Resistance rates may vary significantly between locations depending on the local population with non-UK birth being a key risk factor for primary resistance with a Mtz resistant strain.

T11885

451847-452032

Sentence

denotes

Resistance rates may vary significantly between locations depending on the local population with non-UK birth being a key risk factor for primary resistance with a Mtz resistant strain.

TextSentencer_T3876

452033-452114

Sentence

denotes

Local resistance rates should be taken into account in test and treat strategies.

T90647

452033-452114

Sentence

denotes

Local resistance rates should be taken into account in test and treat strategies.

TextSentencer_T3877

452115-452153

Sentence

denotes

Potrykus J, Benetkiewicz M, Wegrzyn G.

T58620

452115-452153

Sentence

denotes

Potrykus J, Benetkiewicz M, Wegrzyn G.

TextSentencer_T3878

452154-452246

Sentence

denotes

Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland Purpose of the study :

T73783

452154-452246

Sentence

denotes

Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland Purpose of the study :

TextSentencer_T3879

452247-452407

Sentence

denotes

Because of their ability to extrude a wide range of compounds, multidrug efflux pumps have recently become an important issue in combating bacterial infections.

T62237

452247-452407

Sentence

denotes

Because of their ability to extrude a wide range of compounds, multidrug efflux pumps have recently become an important issue in combating bacterial infections.

TextSentencer_T3880

452408-452467

Sentence

denotes

AcrAB-TolC is the major efflux system of Escherichia coli .

T41809

452408-452467

Sentence

denotes

AcrAB-TolC is the major efflux system of Escherichia coli .

TextSentencer_T3881

452468-452590

Sentence

denotes

We investigated the effect of AcrA on plasmid-borne and intrinsic chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ampicillin resistance.

T50418

452468-452590

Sentence

denotes

We investigated the effect of AcrA on plasmid-borne and intrinsic chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ampicillin resistance.

TextSentencer_T3882

452591-452615

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

T73842

452591-452615

Sentence

denotes

Results and conclusions:

TextSentencer_T3883

452616-452739

Sentence

denotes

Recently, we reported a chloramphenicol sensitivity of E. coli mutant expressing cat , the chloramphenicol resistance gene.

T55954

452616-452739

Sentence

denotes

Recently, we reported a chloramphenicol sensitivity of E. coli mutant expressing cat , the chloramphenicol resistance gene.

TextSentencer_T3884

452740-452806

Sentence

denotes

The strain was shown to bear a nonsense mutation in the acrA gene.

T6634

452740-452806

Sentence

denotes

The strain was shown to bear a nonsense mutation in the acrA gene.

TextSentencer_T3885

452807-452936

Sentence

denotes

Our studies indicate that this mutation is, at least in part, responsible for the observed chloramphenicol sensitivity phenotype.

T94748

452807-452936

Sentence

denotes

Our studies indicate that this mutation is, at least in part, responsible for the observed chloramphenicol sensitivity phenotype.

TextSentencer_T3886

452937-453079

Sentence

denotes

The mutation seems also to influence the strain's susceptibility to ampicillin and tetA (C )-mediated (plasmid-borne) tetracycline resistance.

T93551

452937-453079

Sentence

denotes

The mutation seems also to influence the strain's susceptibility to ampicillin and tetA (C )-mediated (plasmid-borne) tetracycline resistance.

TextSentencer_T3887

453080-453255

Sentence

denotes

Although the TetA(C) protein retained its biological function, there was a considerable growth impairment of the mutant strain when cultured in tetracycline containing medium.

T21973

453080-453255

Sentence

denotes

Although the TetA(C) protein retained its biological function, there was a considerable growth impairment of the mutant strain when cultured in tetracycline containing medium.

TextSentencer_T3888

453256-453337

Sentence

denotes

Deletion of the acrAB locus prevented any growth in the presence of tetracycline.

T26839

453256-453337

Sentence

denotes

Deletion of the acrAB locus prevented any growth in the presence of tetracycline.

TextSentencer_T3889

453338-453435

Sentence

denotes

Upon the addition of ampicillin, the mutant underwent lysis more rapidly than the control strain.

T95586

453338-453435

Sentence

denotes

Upon the addition of ampicillin, the mutant underwent lysis more rapidly than the control strain.

TextSentencer_T3890

453436-453514

Sentence

denotes

Such was also observed in acrAB deletion derivatives of other E. coli strains.

T98414

453436-453514

Sentence

denotes

Such was also observed in acrAB deletion derivatives of other E. coli strains.

TextSentencer_T3891

453515-453609

Sentence

denotes

We are trying to elucidate the role of the acrA gene product in the phenomena described above.

T4629

453515-453609

Sentence

denotes

We are trying to elucidate the role of the acrA gene product in the phenomena described above.

TextSentencer_T3892

453610-453691

Sentence

denotes

Existence of efflux pumps in wild type isolates of drug-resistance bacteria PM186

T99911

453610-453691

Sentence

denotes

Existence of efflux pumps in wild type isolates of drug-resistance bacteria PM186

TextSentencer_T3893

453692-453704

Sentence

denotes

Raja Ray RR.

T27562

453692-453704

Sentence

denotes

Raja Ray RR.

TextSentencer_T3894

453705-453924

Sentence

denotes

Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India Efflux pumps possessed by the bacterial cells of different kinds of bacteria had presented as a newer mode of drug resistance in many organisms.

T31801

453705-453924

Sentence

denotes

Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India Efflux pumps possessed by the bacterial cells of different kinds of bacteria had presented as a newer mode of drug resistance in many organisms.

TextSentencer_T3895

453925-454070

Sentence

denotes

The capacity of bacterial cells to cause outward flow of noxious agents was known, however, for a considerable time with respect to tetracycline.

T58457

453925-454070

Sentence

denotes

The capacity of bacterial cells to cause outward flow of noxious agents was known, however, for a considerable time with respect to tetracycline.

TextSentencer_T3896

454071-454243

Sentence

denotes

Recently, interest in the efflux pump system has brought to light some previously ill-understood mechanisms of drug resistance, involving noxious agents, toxins or poisons.

T1681

454071-454243

Sentence

denotes

Recently, interest in the efflux pump system has brought to light some previously ill-understood mechanisms of drug resistance, involving noxious agents, toxins or poisons.

TextSentencer_T3897

454244-454426

Sentence

denotes

We have found high level of resistance in pseudomonads towards cetrimide and other germicides for which no definite chromosomal/plasmid-mediated genes/mechanisms could be identified.

T54341

454244-454426

Sentence

denotes

We have found high level of resistance in pseudomonads towards cetrimide and other germicides for which no definite chromosomal/plasmid-mediated genes/mechanisms could be identified.

TextSentencer_T3898

454427-454709

Sentence

denotes

Likewise, occurrence of nonantibiotic sensitive vibrios, staphylococci and pseudomonads in the background of their high level of resistance to most of the common antibiotics suggest a mechanism of interference with the efflux pump, which accounts for such sensitivity in such cases.

T36699

454427-454709

Sentence

denotes

Likewise, occurrence of nonantibiotic sensitive vibrios, staphylococci and pseudomonads in the background of their high level of resistance to most of the common antibiotics suggest a mechanism of interference with the efflux pump, which accounts for such sensitivity in such cases.

TextSentencer_T3899

454710-455046

Sentence

denotes

Involvement of multiple resistance of marine isolates of V. parahaemolyticus to numerous clinically used antibiotics to which they have never been exposed also suggests a possible role of efflux pumps in determining such resistance */that these can simultaneously develop against multiple marine toxins/poisons and other noxious agents.

T23727

454710-455046

Sentence

denotes

Involvement of multiple resistance of marine isolates of V. parahaemolyticus to numerous clinically used antibiotics to which they have never been exposed also suggests a possible role of efflux pumps in determining such resistance */that these can simultaneously develop against multiple marine toxins/poisons and other noxious agents.

TextSentencer_T3900

455047-455206

Sentence

denotes

Interaction between oxacillin and glycopeptides in a teicoplanin-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus epidermidis with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin PM187

T77935

455047-455206

Sentence

denotes

Interaction between oxacillin and glycopeptides in a teicoplanin-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus epidermidis with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin PM187

TextSentencer_T3901

455207-455230

Sentence

denotes

Greco AA, Ben Hassen A.

T59036

455207-455230

Sentence

denotes

Greco AA, Ben Hassen A.

TextSentencer_T3902

455231-455307

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory service of National Bone-Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis, Tunisia

T42461

455231-455307

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory service of National Bone-Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis, Tunisia

TextSentencer_T3903

455308-455620

Sentence

denotes

We selected a laboratory-generated mutant of Staphylococcus epidermidis capable of growing in the presence of 256 mg/l of teicoplanin (353b TM256), from a methicillin-resistant (MIC!/256 mg/l), teicoplanin-sensitive (MIC 4 mg/l) and vancomycin-sensitive (MIC 2 mg/l) clinical isolate of S. epidermidis (353b SO).

T28460

455308-455620

Sentence

denotes

We selected a laboratory-generated mutant of Staphylococcus epidermidis capable of growing in the presence of 256 mg/l of teicoplanin (353b TM256), from a methicillin-resistant (MIC!/256 mg/l), teicoplanin-sensitive (MIC 4 mg/l) and vancomycin-sensitive (MIC 2 mg/l) clinical isolate of S. epidermidis (353b SO).

TextSentencer_T3904

455621-455853

Sentence

denotes

In a previous work, we studied the different phenotypic characteristics acquired by the teicoplanin-resistant mutant 353b TM256 (20th Interdisciplinary Meeting on Anti-Infectious Chemotherapy, December 2000, poster sessions, 82/P1).

T38464

455621-455853

Sentence

denotes

In a previous work, we studied the different phenotypic characteristics acquired by the teicoplanin-resistant mutant 353b TM256 (20th Interdisciplinary Meeting on Anti-Infectious Chemotherapy, December 2000, poster sessions, 82/P1).

TextSentencer_T3905

455854-456034

Sentence

denotes

In this work, we examined the interaction between oxacillin and glycopeptides against this teicoplanin-resistant mutant of S. epidermidis with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin.

T20699

455854-456034

Sentence

denotes

In this work, we examined the interaction between oxacillin and glycopeptides against this teicoplanin-resistant mutant of S. epidermidis with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin.

TextSentencer_T3906

456035-456231

Sentence

denotes

To study the combined antibiotic activity of oxacillin and glycopeptides, we used different methods: a modified disk diffusion test, the E -test, time-kill assays and population analysis profiles.

T58980

456035-456231

Sentence

denotes

To study the combined antibiotic activity of oxacillin and glycopeptides, we used different methods: a modified disk diffusion test, the E -test, time-kill assays and population analysis profiles.

TextSentencer_T3907

456232-456399

Sentence

denotes

The synergistic activity of glycopeptides in combination with oxacillin against the teicoplaninresistant mutant 353b TM256 was demonstrated with a bactericidal effect.

T80051

456232-456399

Sentence

denotes

The synergistic activity of glycopeptides in combination with oxacillin against the teicoplaninresistant mutant 353b TM256 was demonstrated with a bactericidal effect.

TextSentencer_T3908

456400-456456

Sentence

denotes

No synergy was seen against the parental strain 353b SO.

T94573

456400-456456

Sentence

denotes

No synergy was seen against the parental strain 353b SO.

TextSentencer_T3909

456457-456613

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, the synergy between glycopeptides and oxacillin occurred with suppression of the subpopulation with the highest level of glycopeptides resistance.

T31238

456457-456613

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, the synergy between glycopeptides and oxacillin occurred with suppression of the subpopulation with the highest level of glycopeptides resistance.

TextSentencer_T3910

456614-456807

Sentence

denotes

We concluded that combination of glycopeptides and oxacillin may be a possible alternative in the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant, teicoplanin-resistant S. epidermidis .

T28058

456614-456807

Sentence

denotes

We concluded that combination of glycopeptides and oxacillin may be a possible alternative in the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant, teicoplanin-resistant S. epidermidis .

TextSentencer_T3911

456808-457024

Sentence

denotes

Compositional changes in microcosm biofilms induced by application of minocycline: a preliminary study PM188 The aim of the study was to observe the effect of application of minocycline upon microcosm dental plaques.

T52926

456808-457024

Sentence

denotes

Compositional changes in microcosm biofilms induced by application of minocycline: a preliminary study PM188 The aim of the study was to observe the effect of application of minocycline upon microcosm dental plaques.

TextSentencer_T3912

457025-457175

Sentence

denotes

The plaques were cultivated in a Constant Departmenth Film Fermentor (CDFF), which produces biofilms under conditions mimicking those present in vivo.

T95734

457025-457175

Sentence

denotes

The plaques were cultivated in a Constant Departmenth Film Fermentor (CDFF), which produces biofilms under conditions mimicking those present in vivo.

TextSentencer_T3913

457176-457279

Sentence

denotes

The composition of the biofilms was determined by viable counting on selective and non-selective media.

T58763

457176-457279

Sentence

denotes

The composition of the biofilms was determined by viable counting on selective and non-selective media.

TextSentencer_T3914

457280-457427

Sentence

denotes

The proportion of antibiotic resistant genera within the biofilm was determined by viable counts utilising media containing minocycline (16 mg/ml).

T24776

457280-457427

Sentence

denotes

The proportion of antibiotic resistant genera within the biofilm was determined by viable counts utilising media containing minocycline (16 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T3915

457428-457609

Sentence

denotes

Before commencing antibiotic pulsing, the biofilms had a total viable anaerobic count of 1.26)/10 10 CFU per biofilm, with negligible (6 CFU/biofilm) minocycline-resistant bacteria.

T58157

457428-457609

Sentence

denotes

Before commencing antibiotic pulsing, the biofilms had a total viable anaerobic count of 1.26)/10 10 CFU per biofilm, with negligible (6 CFU/biofilm) minocycline-resistant bacteria.

TextSentencer_T3916

457610-457809

Sentence

denotes

However, 24 h after introduction of the antibiotic, the total count had been reduced to 1.02)/10 9 CFU/biofilm whilst the number of minocycline-resistant bacteria had risen to 1.23)/10 6 CFU/biofilm.

T81278

457610-457809

Sentence

denotes

However, 24 h after introduction of the antibiotic, the total count had been reduced to 1.02)/10 9 CFU/biofilm whilst the number of minocycline-resistant bacteria had risen to 1.23)/10 6 CFU/biofilm.

TextSentencer_T3917

457810-457990

Sentence

denotes

At the final sampling time point (192 h) the total viable anaerobic count was 5.82)/10 8 CFU/biofilm whilst the number of minocycline-resistant bacteria was 1.12)/10 7 CFU/biofilm.

T57453

457810-457990

Sentence

denotes

At the final sampling time point (192 h) the total viable anaerobic count was 5.82)/10 8 CFU/biofilm whilst the number of minocycline-resistant bacteria was 1.12)/10 7 CFU/biofilm.

TextSentencer_T3918

457991-458178

Sentence

denotes

Hence, there is a very low basal level of inherent resistance to minocycline within microcosm dental plaques, but this increases considerably once the biofilms are exposed to minocycline.

T75887

457991-458178

Sentence

denotes

Hence, there is a very low basal level of inherent resistance to minocycline within microcosm dental plaques, but this increases considerably once the biofilms are exposed to minocycline.

TextSentencer_T3919

458179-458332

Sentence

denotes

Mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides (AMG) E. coli isolated from children with community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAU-TIs) PM189 Methods:

T56000

458179-458332

Sentence

denotes

Mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides (AMG) E. coli isolated from children with community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAU-TIs) PM189 Methods:

TextSentencer_T3920

458333-458396

Sentence

denotes

During the 2000 Á/01 years nine centers took part in the study.

T6002

458333-458396

Sentence

denotes

During the 2000 Á/01 years nine centers took part in the study.

TextSentencer_T3921

458397-458505

Sentence

denotes

The MICs of antimicrobials were determined by the agar dilution method as described in the NCCLS guidelines.

T10583

458397-458505

Sentence

denotes

The MICs of antimicrobials were determined by the agar dilution method as described in the NCCLS guidelines.

TextSentencer_T3922

458506-458514

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T75552

458506-458514

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3923

458515-458626

Sentence

denotes

A total of 710 consecutive urine isolates from 692 children aged 1 month to 18 years with CAUTI were collected.

T43522

458515-458626

Sentence

denotes

A total of 710 consecutive urine isolates from 692 children aged 1 month to 18 years with CAUTI were collected.

TextSentencer_T3924

458627-458769

Sentence

denotes

The most frequently isolated species from children with CAUTI was E. coli (52.3%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (8.0%) and Proteus spp. (7.6%).

T26831

458627-458769

Sentence

denotes

The most frequently isolated species from children with CAUTI was E. coli (52.3%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (8.0%) and Proteus spp. (7.6%).

TextSentencer_T3925

458770-458860

Sentence

denotes

Results of the in vitro susceptibility testing of E. coli to AMG are shown in table below.

T29040

458770-458860

Sentence

denotes

Results of the in vitro susceptibility testing of E. coli to AMG are shown in table below.

TextSentencer_T3926

458861-458942

Sentence

denotes

Resistance of the strains was conditioned on production of AMG-modifying enzymes.

T70867

458861-458942

Sentence

denotes

Resistance of the strains was conditioned on production of AMG-modifying enzymes.

TextSentencer_T3927

458943-459156

Sentence

denotes

There has been found following phenotypes among resistance strains: gentamicin Á/ tobramycin Á/netilmicin (77.8% */AAC(3)-V and 13.9% */AAC(3)-IV enzymes) and gentamicin Á/tobramycin (8.3%, due to ANT(2ƒ) enzyme).

T24100

458943-459156

Sentence

denotes

There has been found following phenotypes among resistance strains: gentamicin Á/ tobramycin Á/netilmicin (77.8% */AAC(3)-V and 13.9% */AAC(3)-IV enzymes) and gentamicin Á/tobramycin (8.3%, due to ANT(2ƒ) enzyme).

TextSentencer_T3928

459157-459168

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T94435

459157-459168

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3929

459169-459214

Sentence

denotes

Amikacin is most active AMG against E. coli .

T3208

459169-459214

Sentence

denotes

Amikacin is most active AMG against E. coli .

TextSentencer_T3930

459215-459310

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to gentamicin and netilmicin was mainly determined by production of AAC(3)-V enzyme.

T15004

459215-459310

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to gentamicin and netilmicin was mainly determined by production of AAC(3)-V enzyme.

TextSentencer_T3931

459311-459478

Sentence

denotes

Effect of b-lactamase inhibitors (b-L-I) on the evolution of resistance (R) to b-lactams (b-L) in Gram The b-lactams antimicrobials still are the most frequently used.

T98393

459311-459478

Sentence

denotes

Effect of b-lactamase inhibitors (b-L-I) on the evolution of resistance (R) to b-lactams (b-L) in Gram The b-lactams antimicrobials still are the most frequently used.

TextSentencer_T3932

459479-459626

Sentence

denotes

Among the bacteria responsible of high resistance to b-lactams are gramnegative rods; its most frequent mechanism is the production of b-lactamase.

T56211

459479-459626

Sentence

denotes

Among the bacteria responsible of high resistance to b-lactams are gramnegative rods; its most frequent mechanism is the production of b-lactamase.

TextSentencer_T3933

459627-459696

Sentence

denotes

The use of b-L-I has reversed partially this mechanism of resistance.

T97175

459627-459696

Sentence

denotes

The use of b-L-I has reversed partially this mechanism of resistance.

TextSentencer_T3934

459697-459777

Sentence

denotes

We expect changes in the frequencies of R using b-LƒCI after more than 10 years.

T34241

459697-459777

Sentence

denotes

We expect changes in the frequencies of R using b-LƒCI after more than 10 years.

TextSentencer_T3935

459778-460001

Sentence

denotes

Since 1988, The Venezuelan Group of Bacterial Resistance, with 29 health institution in the country; analyse and publish data on bacterial resistance of isolates from patients with bacterial infection coming from hospitals.

T39834

459778-460001

Sentence

denotes

Since 1988, The Venezuelan Group of Bacterial Resistance, with 29 health institution in the country; analyse and publish data on bacterial resistance of isolates from patients with bacterial infection coming from hospitals.

TextSentencer_T3936

460002-460046

Sentence

denotes

It was used diffusion disk, according NCCLS.

T39169

460002-460046

Sentence

denotes

It was used diffusion disk, according NCCLS.

TextSentencer_T3937

460047-460116

Sentence

denotes

The software program WHONET (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION NET) was used.

T43021

460047-460116

Sentence

denotes

The software program WHONET (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION NET) was used.

TextSentencer_T3938

460117-460223

Sentence

denotes

We follow the trends of R of gram-negative rods to b-L alone and with b-L-I during the decade 1988 Á/1998.

T32543

460117-460223

Sentence

denotes

We follow the trends of R of gram-negative rods to b-L alone and with b-L-I during the decade 1988 Á/1998.

TextSentencer_T3939

460224-460351

Sentence

denotes

Statistical analyses were made by evaluating the differences among percentages of resistance between the two series (P 5/0.05).

T138

460224-460351

Sentence

denotes

Statistical analyses were made by evaluating the differences among percentages of resistance between the two series (P 5/0.05).

TextSentencer_T3940

460352-460375

Sentence

denotes

Results and discussion:

T34077

460352-460375

Sentence

denotes

Results and discussion:

TextSentencer_T3941

460376-460627

Sentence

denotes

The difference in R between b-L and b-L/b-L-I are: (1) piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam: between 10 and 30% of R for most isolated, except for Escherichia coli (45%) and Serratia spp. (60%); (2) ampicilin, ampicilin/sulbactam: between 10 and 30%;

T13584

460376-460627

Sentence

denotes

The difference in R between b-L and b-L/b-L-I are: (1) piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam: between 10 and 30% of R for most isolated, except for Escherichia coli (45%) and Serratia spp. (60%); (2) ampicilin, ampicilin/sulbactam: between 10 and 30%;

TextSentencer_T3942

460628-460688

Sentence

denotes

(3) cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam: between 5 and 25%.

T65192

460628-460688

Sentence

denotes

(3) cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam: between 5 and 25%.

TextSentencer_T3943

460689-460865

Sentence

denotes

How is expected gramnegative rods resistance to b-lactams with a b-L-I is lower than the b-lactam alone; furthermore the difference between both series, grows higher with time.

T88767

460689-460865

Sentence

denotes

How is expected gramnegative rods resistance to b-lactams with a b-L-I is lower than the b-lactam alone; furthermore the difference between both series, grows higher with time.

TextSentencer_T3944

460866-460977

Sentence

denotes

These results are relevant and they were not expected, since b-L-I have been shown to be b-lactamase inductors.

T63205

460866-460977

Sentence

denotes

These results are relevant and they were not expected, since b-L-I have been shown to be b-lactamase inductors.

TextSentencer_T3945

460978-461093

Sentence

denotes

Trends in the Resistance (R) to b-lactams and others antimicrobials in P. aeruginosa in Venezuelan medical centres.

T79877

460978-461093

Sentence

denotes

Trends in the Resistance (R) to b-lactams and others antimicrobials in P. aeruginosa in Venezuelan medical centres.

TextSentencer_T3946

461094-461300

Sentence

denotes

Nosocomial (Nos) and communitarian resistance PM191 In order to approach the infection produced by resistant bacteria, it is convenient to consider the hospital and the community as two separate ecosystems.

T16443

461094-461300

Sentence

denotes

Nosocomial (Nos) and communitarian resistance PM191 In order to approach the infection produced by resistant bacteria, it is convenient to consider the hospital and the community as two separate ecosystems.

TextSentencer_T3947

461301-461401

Sentence

denotes

The hospital ecosystem has special relevance in the infection and R of gramnegative aerobic bacilli.

T36930

461301-461401

Sentence

denotes

The hospital ecosystem has special relevance in the infection and R of gramnegative aerobic bacilli.

TextSentencer_T3948

461402-461507

Sentence

denotes

Today, they are the main responsible of Nos infection, with special reference to Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

T24437

461402-461507

Sentence

denotes

Today, they are the main responsible of Nos infection, with special reference to Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

TextSentencer_T3949

461508-461590

Sentence

denotes

Infection by resistant bacteria is a world wide problem, specially related to Nos.

T17188

461508-461590

Sentence

denotes

Infection by resistant bacteria is a world wide problem, specially related to Nos.

TextSentencer_T3950

461591-461894

Sentence

denotes

Since 1988, The Venezuelan Group of Bacterial Resistance, with 29 health institution in the country; identify, analyse and publish data on bacterial R to antimicrobials: b-lactams, quinolones and aminoglicosides of isolates from patients with bacterial infection coming from hospitals and the community.

T29927

461591-461894

Sentence

denotes

Since 1988, The Venezuelan Group of Bacterial Resistance, with 29 health institution in the country; identify, analyse and publish data on bacterial R to antimicrobials: b-lactams, quinolones and aminoglicosides of isolates from patients with bacterial infection coming from hospitals and the community.

TextSentencer_T3951

461895-461939

Sentence

denotes

It was used diffusion disk, according NCCLS.

T16894

461895-461939

Sentence

denotes

It was used diffusion disk, according NCCLS.

TextSentencer_T3952

461940-462010

Sentence

denotes

The software program WHONET (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZA-TION NET) was used.

T66704

461940-462010

Sentence

denotes

The software program WHONET (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZA-TION NET) was used.

TextSentencer_T3953

462011-462098

Sentence

denotes

Statistical significance (P 5/0.05) was determined by application of the x 2 technique.

T38537

462011-462098

Sentence

denotes

Statistical significance (P 5/0.05) was determined by application of the x 2 technique.

TextSentencer_T3954

462099-462234

Sentence

denotes

We show significant differences in the R of P. aeruginosa Nos and communitarian (highest differences: piperacilina 40/7%, tobra 40/4%).

T22443

462099-462234

Sentence

denotes

We show significant differences in the R of P. aeruginosa Nos and communitarian (highest differences: piperacilina 40/7%, tobra 40/4%).

TextSentencer_T3955

462235-462398

Sentence

denotes

We also established significant differences between the R arising in public hospitals and private hospitals (highest differences: ceftazidime 50/5%, amika 25/ 5%).

T51710

462235-462398

Sentence

denotes

We also established significant differences between the R arising in public hospitals and private hospitals (highest differences: ceftazidime 50/5%, amika 25/ 5%).

TextSentencer_T3956

462399-462537

Sentence

denotes

We show the tendency in decreasing of frequency of R since 1998; this is more evident in private hospitals (b-lactam and aminoglicosides).

T30943

462399-462537

Sentence

denotes

We show the tendency in decreasing of frequency of R since 1998; this is more evident in private hospitals (b-lactam and aminoglicosides).

TextSentencer_T3957

462538-462650

Sentence

denotes

New antimicrobials and new mechanism of action, and in the future the new technology will solve today's problem.

T2157

462538-462650

Sentence

denotes

New antimicrobials and new mechanism of action, and in the future the new technology will solve today's problem.

TextSentencer_T3958

462651-462765

Sentence

denotes

However, the most important tools we have today are prevention and antimicrobials, and we must make them suitable.

T43949

462651-462765

Sentence

denotes

However, the most important tools we have today are prevention and antimicrobials, and we must make them suitable.

TextSentencer_T3959

462766-462902

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antibiotics of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii from drinking water PM192 Quintera SM, Sousa JC, Peixe L.

T2894

462766-462902

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antibiotics of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii from drinking water PM192 Quintera SM, Sousa JC, Peixe L.

TextSentencer_T3960

462903-462990

Sentence

denotes

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal

T64615

462903-462990

Sentence

denotes

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal

TextSentencer_T3961

462991-463230

Sentence

denotes

The increased use of antimicrobials in farming, together with the practice of raw sewage discharge into receiving waters, has resulted in a significant increase in the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria present in aquatic environment.

T2904

462991-463230

Sentence

denotes

The increased use of antimicrobials in farming, together with the practice of raw sewage discharge into receiving waters, has resulted in a significant increase in the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria present in aquatic environment.

TextSentencer_T3962

463231-463405

Sentence

denotes

Our objective was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, with focus on b-lactam resistance, among Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from raw drinking water samples.

T27700

463231-463405

Sentence

denotes

Our objective was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, with focus on b-lactam resistance, among Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from raw drinking water samples.

TextSentencer_T3963

463406-463633

Sentence

denotes

Several isolates (n0/107) of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii obtained from drinking waters were screened for antibiotic susceptibility patterns, using the agar diffusion technique, according to NCCLS's procedures.

T53015

463406-463633

Sentence

denotes

Several isolates (n0/107) of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii obtained from drinking waters were screened for antibiotic susceptibility patterns, using the agar diffusion technique, according to NCCLS's procedures.

TextSentencer_T3964

463634-463768

Sentence

denotes

Only 55% of E. cloacae strains, as well as 37% of C. freundii strains show resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid.

T65835

463634-463768

Sentence

denotes

Only 55% of E. cloacae strains, as well as 37% of C. freundii strains show resistance to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid.

TextSentencer_T3965

463769-463851

Sentence

denotes

A reduced incidence of resistance to several others antibiotics was also observed.

T32347

463769-463851

Sentence

denotes

A reduced incidence of resistance to several others antibiotics was also observed.

TextSentencer_T3966

463852-464043

Sentence

denotes

The obtained results suggest that strains isolated from raw drinking water have greater susceptibility to antimicrobial agents than pathogenic strains from hospital or outpatients infections.

T10352

463852-464043

Sentence

denotes

The obtained results suggest that strains isolated from raw drinking water have greater susceptibility to antimicrobial agents than pathogenic strains from hospital or outpatients infections.

TextSentencer_T3967

464044-464207

Sentence

denotes

The 'natural' antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, usually described for C. freundii and E. cloacae , only seem to apply to strains isolated from human infections.

T14672

464044-464207

Sentence

denotes

The 'natural' antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, usually described for C. freundii and E. cloacae , only seem to apply to strains isolated from human infections.

TextSentencer_T3968

464208-464431

Sentence

denotes

Notwithstanding the high susceptibility of the tested isolates to b-lactams, the role of environmental bacteria as a reservoir of resistance genes justify its periodical monitoring as a valid index for resistance spreading.

T27227

464208-464431

Sentence

denotes

Notwithstanding the high susceptibility of the tested isolates to b-lactams, the role of environmental bacteria as a reservoir of resistance genes justify its periodical monitoring as a valid index for resistance spreading.

TextSentencer_T3969

464432-464455

Sentence

denotes

A snapshot of the soil.

T95999

464432-464455

Sentence

denotes

A snapshot of the soil.

TextSentencer_T3970

464456-464786

Sentence

denotes

Using bacterial communities for tracing the evolution of metal-resistance PM193 Quintera SM a , Sousa JC a , Peixe L a , Monteiro NM b . a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal , b Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal

T23288

464456-464786

Sentence

denotes

Using bacterial communities for tracing the evolution of metal-resistance PM193 Quintera SM a , Sousa JC a , Peixe L a , Monteiro NM b . a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal , b Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal

TextSentencer_T3971

464787-465010

Sentence

denotes

It is well known that pathogenic bacteria, specially those resistant to antimicrobial agents and heavy metals poses public health risks of great concern, and its detection, namely in soils is generally related to pollution.

T21287

464787-465010

Sentence

denotes

It is well known that pathogenic bacteria, specially those resistant to antimicrobial agents and heavy metals poses public health risks of great concern, and its detection, namely in soils is generally related to pollution.

TextSentencer_T3972

465011-465162

Sentence

denotes

In this study, the heavy metal resistance patterns of the microflora isolated from polluted (dump area) and unpolluted soil environments were examined.

T60155

465011-465162

Sentence

denotes

In this study, the heavy metal resistance patterns of the microflora isolated from polluted (dump area) and unpolluted soil environments were examined.

TextSentencer_T3973

465163-465364

Sentence

denotes

The plate growth covering percentage in the soil samples was determined using Mueller-Hinton plates supplemented with different heavy metal (Al3'/, Cd2'/, Cu2'/, Pb2'/, Hg2'/ and Zn2'/) concentrations.

T24347

465163-465364

Sentence

denotes

The plate growth covering percentage in the soil samples was determined using Mueller-Hinton plates supplemented with different heavy metal (Al3'/, Cd2'/, Cu2'/, Pb2'/, Hg2'/ and Zn2'/) concentrations.

TextSentencer_T3974

465365-465477

Sentence

denotes

Parallelly, using ICP-AES, it was possible to ascertain the real heavy metal concentration for each soil sample.

T35709

465365-465477

Sentence

denotes

Parallelly, using ICP-AES, it was possible to ascertain the real heavy metal concentration for each soil sample.

TextSentencer_T3975

465478-465635

Sentence

denotes

We found that the percentage of plate growth covering from the used samples was closely linked to the level of chemical pollution measured for each location.

T88529

465478-465635

Sentence

denotes

We found that the percentage of plate growth covering from the used samples was closely linked to the level of chemical pollution measured for each location.

TextSentencer_T3976

465636-465710

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, using ANOVA, we found significant differences between locations.

T25962

465636-465710

Sentence

denotes

Moreover, using ANOVA, we found significant differences between locations.

TextSentencer_T3977

465711-465801

Sentence

denotes

The dump site showed the highest tolerance to all the tested metals (Newman Á/Keuls test).

T4326

465711-465801

Sentence

denotes

The dump site showed the highest tolerance to all the tested metals (Newman Á/Keuls test).

TextSentencer_T3978

465802-465878

Sentence

denotes

This pattern of results was consistent when using the data from the ICP-AES.

T97143

465802-465878

Sentence

denotes

This pattern of results was consistent when using the data from the ICP-AES.

TextSentencer_T3979

465879-466083

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, it was possible to observe that Pseudomonas spp., with a relatively high MIC for the studied metals, might become a relevant model for both public health issues and eco-toxicological studies.

T65346

465879-466083

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, it was possible to observe that Pseudomonas spp., with a relatively high MIC for the studied metals, might become a relevant model for both public health issues and eco-toxicological studies.

TextSentencer_T3980

466084-466169

Sentence

denotes

Biochemical characteristics of environmental isolates of Listeria monocytogenes PM194

T76161

466084-466169

Sentence

denotes

Biochemical characteristics of environmental isolates of Listeria monocytogenes PM194

TextSentencer_T3981

466170-466354

Sentence

denotes

Moshtaghi H a , Garg SR b , Mandokhot UV b . a Shahrekord University, Food Hygiene, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran , b Haryana Agricultural University, Food Hygiene, Hisar, India

T2635

466170-466354

Sentence

denotes

Moshtaghi H a , Garg SR b , Mandokhot UV b . a Shahrekord University, Food Hygiene, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran , b Haryana Agricultural University, Food Hygiene, Hisar, India

TextSentencer_T3982

466355-466363

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T62326

466355-466363

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T3983

466364-466512

Sentence

denotes

The investigations were carried out to study the biochemical reactions of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from different sources in the environment.

T19126

466364-466512

Sentence

denotes

The investigations were carried out to study the biochemical reactions of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from different sources in the environment.

TextSentencer_T3984

466513-466521

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T78240

466513-466521

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T3985

466522-466654

Sentence

denotes

A total of 12 isolates of L. monocytogenes were obtained from 230 samples of agricultural soil, faecal matter of animals and sewage.

T44244

466522-466654

Sentence

denotes

A total of 12 isolates of L. monocytogenes were obtained from 230 samples of agricultural soil, faecal matter of animals and sewage.

TextSentencer_T3986

466655-466878

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates were Gram-positive, small rods, catalase positive, oxidase negative, motile with tumbling motility in hanging drop at 22 Á/25 8C, aerobic, facultative anaerobic, fermentative and produced acid from glucose.

T59761

466655-466878

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates were Gram-positive, small rods, catalase positive, oxidase negative, motile with tumbling motility in hanging drop at 22 Á/25 8C, aerobic, facultative anaerobic, fermentative and produced acid from glucose.

TextSentencer_T3987

466879-466996

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates of L. monocytogenes were beta haemolytic and positive for CAMP reaction with Staphylococcus aureus .

T83754

466879-466996

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates of L. monocytogenes were beta haemolytic and positive for CAMP reaction with Staphylococcus aureus .

TextSentencer_T3988

466997-467155

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates were negative for phenyl alanine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, malonate utilization and beta galactosidase tests.

T51719

466997-467155

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates were negative for phenyl alanine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, malonate utilization and beta galactosidase tests.

TextSentencer_T3989

467156-467322

Sentence

denotes

These were also negative for acid production from arabinose, D-xylose, mannitol, soluble starch and sucrose but acid was produced in rhamnose, salicin, and trehalose.

T19390

467156-467322

Sentence

denotes

These were also negative for acid production from arabinose, D-xylose, mannitol, soluble starch and sucrose but acid was produced in rhamnose, salicin, and trehalose.

TextSentencer_T3990

467323-467460

Sentence

denotes

Hydrogen sulfide production was recorded in tripticase soy broth with lead acetate paper strips but negative with triple sugar iron agar.

T92700

467323-467460

Sentence

denotes

Hydrogen sulfide production was recorded in tripticase soy broth with lead acetate paper strips but negative with triple sugar iron agar.

TextSentencer_T3991

467461-467511

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates were found to hydrolyse aesculin.

T96619

467461-467511

Sentence

denotes

All the isolates were found to hydrolyse aesculin.

TextSentencer_T3992

467512-467587

Sentence

denotes

Out of 12 isolates of L. monocytogenes only two produced acid from lactose.

T58343

467512-467587

Sentence

denotes

Out of 12 isolates of L. monocytogenes only two produced acid from lactose.

TextSentencer_T3993

467588-467636

Sentence

denotes

In serotyping all the isolates were serotype 4b.

T12467

467588-467636

Sentence

denotes

In serotyping all the isolates were serotype 4b.

TextSentencer_T3994

467637-467648

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T58300

467637-467648

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T3995

467649-467761

Sentence

denotes

We can conclude that L. monocytogenes serotype 4b at least in fermentation of lactose shows different reactions.

T54946

467649-467761

Sentence

denotes

We can conclude that L. monocytogenes serotype 4b at least in fermentation of lactose shows different reactions.

TextSentencer_T3996

467762-467770

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T40535

467762-467770

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T3997

467771-468017

Sentence

denotes

The samples were pre-enriched in BHI broth with and without vancomycin (6 mg/l) and then plated onto M-Enterococcus agar with and without antibiotics: vancomycin (6 mg/l), gentamicin (125 mg/l), kanamycin (500 mg/l), and streptomycin (1000 mg/l).

T60908

467771-468017

Sentence

denotes

The samples were pre-enriched in BHI broth with and without vancomycin (6 mg/l) and then plated onto M-Enterococcus agar with and without antibiotics: vancomycin (6 mg/l), gentamicin (125 mg/l), kanamycin (500 mg/l), and streptomycin (1000 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T3998

468018-468131

Sentence

denotes

Representative colonies of each morphology were isolated and identified as Enterococcus sp as previous described.

T64417

468018-468131

Sentence

denotes

Representative colonies of each morphology were isolated and identified as Enterococcus sp as previous described.

TextSentencer_T3999

468132-468234

Sentence

denotes

PCR was used to identify E. faecium and E. faecalis and to characterise vancomycin resistant genotype.

T44551

468132-468234

Sentence

denotes

PCR was used to identify E. faecium and E. faecalis and to characterise vancomycin resistant genotype.

TextSentencer_T4000

468235-468282

Sentence

denotes

API20Strep was also used in the identification.

T58882

468235-468282

Sentence

denotes

API20Strep was also used in the identification.

TextSentencer_T4001

468283-468373

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing to 11 antibiotics was performed by an agar dilution method (NCCLS).

T44724

468283-468373

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing to 11 antibiotics was performed by an agar dilution method (NCCLS).

TextSentencer_T4002

468374-468382

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T16710

468374-468382

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4003

468383-468496

Sentence

denotes

Three hundred and fifty-three enterococci were isolated from 92 of a total of 99 faecal samples (93%, n 0/92/99).

T19191

468383-468496

Sentence

denotes

Three hundred and fifty-three enterococci were isolated from 92 of a total of 99 faecal samples (93%, n 0/92/99).

TextSentencer_T4004

468497-468589

Sentence

denotes

The majority of enterococci were identified as E. faecium , E. faecalis and Enterococcus sp.

T49772

468497-468589

Sentence

denotes

The majority of enterococci were identified as E. faecium , E. faecalis and Enterococcus sp.

TextSentencer_T4005

468590-468874

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to almost all antibiotics studied was observed: vancomycin */3.0%; teicoplanin */3.0; ampicillin */21.2%; tetracyclin */81.8; erythromycin */86.9%; ciprofloxacin */78.8%; chloramphenicol */54.5%; gentamicin */17.2%; streptomycin */ 78.8%; kanamycin */77.7%; linezolid */0%.

T71208

468590-468874

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to almost all antibiotics studied was observed: vancomycin */3.0%; teicoplanin */3.0; ampicillin */21.2%; tetracyclin */81.8; erythromycin */86.9%; ciprofloxacin */78.8%; chloramphenicol */54.5%; gentamicin */17.2%; streptomycin */ 78.8%; kanamycin */77.7%; linezolid */0%.

TextSentencer_T4006

468875-468938

Sentence

denotes

The vancomycin resistant enterococci presented a vanA genotype.

T91928

468875-468938

Sentence

denotes

The vancomycin resistant enterococci presented a vanA genotype.

TextSentencer_T4007

468939-468950

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T73257

468939-468950

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4008

468951-469082

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to several common antibiotics used in therapy was observed among enterococci isolated from healthy human from community.

T24715

468951-469082

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to several common antibiotics used in therapy was observed among enterococci isolated from healthy human from community.

TextSentencer_T4009

469083-469133

Sentence

denotes

Many of these isolates presented multi-resistance.

T55491

469083-469133

Sentence

denotes

Many of these isolates presented multi-resistance.

TextSentencer_T4010

469134-469264

Sentence

denotes

Of concern is the presence of vanA genotype among these populations that may constitute a reservoir of vancomycin resistant genes.

T75445

469134-469264

Sentence

denotes

Of concern is the presence of vanA genotype among these populations that may constitute a reservoir of vancomycin resistant genes.

TextSentencer_T4011

469265-469418

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial resistance in tetracycline-resistant oral bacteria PM196 Mercury release from dental amalgam may select for mercuryresistant oral bacteria.

T34304

469265-469418

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial resistance in tetracycline-resistant oral bacteria PM196 Mercury release from dental amalgam may select for mercuryresistant oral bacteria.

TextSentencer_T4012

469419-469495

Sentence

denotes

Mercury resistance is often associated with multiple antibiotic resistances.

T18539

469419-469495

Sentence

denotes

Mercury resistance is often associated with multiple antibiotic resistances.

TextSentencer_T4013

469496-469696

Sentence

denotes

The aims of this study were to determine whether tetracycline-resistant oral bacteria from children with and without amalgam fillings were also resistant to: (a) mercury; and (b) multiple antibiotics.

T44498

469496-469696

Sentence

denotes

The aims of this study were to determine whether tetracycline-resistant oral bacteria from children with and without amalgam fillings were also resistant to: (a) mercury; and (b) multiple antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T4014

469697-469806

Sentence

denotes

Tetracycline-resistant organisms were isolated on Iso-Sensitest/blood agar containing tetracycline (8 mg/ml).

T73657

469697-469806

Sentence

denotes

Tetracycline-resistant organisms were isolated on Iso-Sensitest/blood agar containing tetracycline (8 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T4015

469807-469892

Sentence

denotes

The MIC of HgCl 2 and several antibiotics were determined using agar dilution (BSAC).

T88954

469807-469892

Sentence

denotes

The MIC of HgCl 2 and several antibiotics were determined using agar dilution (BSAC).

TextSentencer_T4016

469893-469969

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and three organisms were isolated from patients without amalgam.

T6352

469893-469969

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and three organisms were isolated from patients without amalgam.

TextSentencer_T4017

469970-470082

Sentence

denotes

Ninety-one were Streptococcus species, seven Neisseria species, three Veillonella dispar and two Rothia species.

T96017

469970-470082

Sentence

denotes

Ninety-one were Streptococcus species, seven Neisseria species, three Veillonella dispar and two Rothia species.

TextSentencer_T4018

470083-470272

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-seven percent exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, 12% were mercury-resistant, 42% were penicillin-resistant, 11% were ampicillin-resistant and 23% erythromycin-resistant.

T17595

470083-470272

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-seven percent exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, 12% were mercury-resistant, 42% were penicillin-resistant, 11% were ampicillin-resistant and 23% erythromycin-resistant.

TextSentencer_T4019

470273-470333

Sentence

denotes

Fiftytwo organisms were isolated from patients with amalgam.

T57104

470273-470333

Sentence

denotes

Fiftytwo organisms were isolated from patients with amalgam.

TextSentencer_T4020

470334-470442

Sentence

denotes

Forty-five were Streptococcus species, five Neisseria species, one V. dispar and one Staphylococcus aureus .

T89166

470334-470442

Sentence

denotes

Forty-five were Streptococcus species, five Neisseria species, one V. dispar and one Staphylococcus aureus .

TextSentencer_T4021

470443-470634

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-three percent exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, 23% were mercury-resistant, 38% penicillinresistant, 11% were ampicillin-resistant and 31% showed erythromycin-resistance.

T80765

470443-470634

Sentence

denotes

Sixty-three percent exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, 23% were mercury-resistant, 38% penicillinresistant, 11% were ampicillin-resistant and 31% showed erythromycin-resistance.

TextSentencer_T4022

470635-470820

Sentence

denotes

Statistically, the results showed that in tetracyclineresistant organisms, the presence of dental amalgam did not affect the level of resistance to mercury or to the antibiotics tested.

T65580

470635-470820

Sentence

denotes

Statistically, the results showed that in tetracyclineresistant organisms, the presence of dental amalgam did not affect the level of resistance to mercury or to the antibiotics tested.

TextSentencer_T4023

470821-471082

Sentence

denotes

Conway-Wallace HL a , Mullany P a , Bedi R b , Wilson M a . a Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Microbiology, London, UK , b Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Transcultural Oral Health, London, UK The purpose of this study:

T67963

470821-471082

Sentence

denotes

Conway-Wallace HL a , Mullany P a , Bedi R b , Wilson M a . a Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Microbiology, London, UK , b Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Transcultural Oral Health, London, UK The purpose of this study:

TextSentencer_T4024

471083-471231

Sentence

denotes

To determine the prevalence of antibioticresistant oral bacteria in children who had not received antibiotics during the 3 months prior to sampling.

T77836

471083-471231

Sentence

denotes

To determine the prevalence of antibioticresistant oral bacteria in children who had not received antibiotics during the 3 months prior to sampling.

TextSentencer_T4025

471232-471395

Sentence

denotes

Plaque samples were obtained from 16 children aged 4 Á/6 years and plated onto media containing: penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and vancomycin.

T31056

471232-471395

Sentence

denotes

Plaque samples were obtained from 16 children aged 4 Á/6 years and plated onto media containing: penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and vancomycin.

TextSentencer_T4026

471396-471486

Sentence

denotes

Resistant isolates were enumerated, sub-cultured and frozen for subsequent identification.

T7251

471396-471486

Sentence

denotes

Resistant isolates were enumerated, sub-cultured and frozen for subsequent identification.

TextSentencer_T4027

471487-471534

Sentence

denotes

The process was repeated 6 and 12 months later.

T99457

471487-471534

Sentence

denotes

The process was repeated 6 and 12 months later.

TextSentencer_T4028

471535-471556

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained:

T70481

471535-471556

Sentence

denotes

The results obtained:

TextSentencer_T4029

471557-471723

Sentence

denotes

Bacteria resistant to each of the antibiotics were present in all of the children at each sampling time (except in the case of ampicillin and penicillin at 0 months).

T43143

471557-471723

Sentence

denotes

Bacteria resistant to each of the antibiotics were present in all of the children at each sampling time (except in the case of ampicillin and penicillin at 0 months).

TextSentencer_T4030

471724-471852

Sentence

denotes

The proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the oral microflora ranged from ]/13.7 (erythromycin) to 5/0.5% (ampicillin).

T41435

471724-471852

Sentence

denotes

The proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the oral microflora ranged from ]/13.7 (erythromycin) to 5/0.5% (ampicillin).

TextSentencer_T4031

471853-471981

Sentence

denotes

The proportions of bacteria resistant to a particular antibiotic remained reasonably constant over the 12-month sampling period.

T99612

471853-471981

Sentence

denotes

The proportions of bacteria resistant to a particular antibiotic remained reasonably constant over the 12-month sampling period.

TextSentencer_T4032

471982-472140

Sentence

denotes

In only two cases (penicillin and ampicillin) was there a statistically significant change in the proportions of resistant bacteria at different time periods.

T7549

471982-472140

Sentence

denotes

In only two cases (penicillin and ampicillin) was there a statistically significant change in the proportions of resistant bacteria at different time periods.

TextSentencer_T4033

472141-472164

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached:

T65822

472141-472164

Sentence

denotes

The conclusion reached:

TextSentencer_T4034

472165-472371

Sentence

denotes

The results of the study have revealed that bacteria resistant to a wide range of antibiotics may be isolated from children who have not been administered these agents during the 3 months prior to sampling.

T97881

472165-472371

Sentence

denotes

The results of the study have revealed that bacteria resistant to a wide range of antibiotics may be isolated from children who have not been administered these agents during the 3 months prior to sampling.

TextSentencer_T4035

472372-472503

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, in many cases the proportion of bacteria resistant to a particular antibiotic remains constant over a 12-month period.

T89663

472372-472503

Sentence

denotes

Furthermore, in many cases the proportion of bacteria resistant to a particular antibiotic remains constant over a 12-month period.

TextSentencer_T4036

472504-472617

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial use in the intensive care unit: results of a pharmacoepidemiological study in Italy PM198 Periti P.

T56019

472504-472617

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial use in the intensive care unit: results of a pharmacoepidemiological study in Italy PM198 Periti P.

TextSentencer_T4037

472618-472850

Sentence

denotes

E.I.F.T. srl, Firenze, Italy A retrospective survey of antimicrobial chemotherapy use in 560 Intensive Care Units in Italy was carried out in 1999 using a computerized questionnaire under the auspices of the Journal of Chemotherapy.

T27164

472618-472850

Sentence

denotes

E.I.F.T. srl, Firenze, Italy A retrospective survey of antimicrobial chemotherapy use in 560 Intensive Care Units in Italy was carried out in 1999 using a computerized questionnaire under the auspices of the Journal of Chemotherapy.

TextSentencer_T4038

472851-473000

Sentence

denotes

Of the ICUs contacted, 43.4% replied, being mainly general or post-surgical and pediatric units having a mean of 10 beds, nine doctors and 20 nurses.

T67722

472851-473000

Sentence

denotes

Of the ICUs contacted, 43.4% replied, being mainly general or post-surgical and pediatric units having a mean of 10 beds, nine doctors and 20 nurses.

TextSentencer_T4039

473001-473225

Sentence

denotes

The antimicrobial agents used in these wards were almost always polychemotherapy with prevalent use of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides or as empirical treatment during the first 72 h after hospital admission.

T16926

473001-473225

Sentence

denotes

The antimicrobial agents used in these wards were almost always polychemotherapy with prevalent use of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides or as empirical treatment during the first 72 h after hospital admission.

TextSentencer_T4040

473226-473425

Sentence

denotes

The continual use of medium-high dose combinational antimicrobial chemotherapy was justified by microbiological testing, which revealed that more than one-third of bacterial pathogens were resistant.

T68213

473226-473425

Sentence

denotes

The continual use of medium-high dose combinational antimicrobial chemotherapy was justified by microbiological testing, which revealed that more than one-third of bacterial pathogens were resistant.

TextSentencer_T4041

473426-473599

Sentence

denotes

Approximately, 60% of Gram-positive bacteria were methicillin-resistant, whereas about 13% of Gram-negative strains were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics.

T93437

473426-473599

Sentence

denotes

Approximately, 60% of Gram-positive bacteria were methicillin-resistant, whereas about 13% of Gram-negative strains were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T4042

473600-473768

Sentence

denotes

Forty percent of the responding ICUs furnished microbiological testing data, of which three quarters indicated the incidence of chemoresistance of the isolated strains.

T86067

473600-473768

Sentence

denotes

Forty percent of the responding ICUs furnished microbiological testing data, of which three quarters indicated the incidence of chemoresistance of the isolated strains.

TextSentencer_T4043

473769-473873

Sentence

denotes

Fungal infections were less frequent than bacterial, the most commonly isolated agent being Candida spp.

T60488

473769-473873

Sentence

denotes

Fungal infections were less frequent than bacterial, the most commonly isolated agent being Candida spp.

TextSentencer_T4044

473874-474095

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, the sample of ICUs examined showed adequate and reasonable use of antimicrobial agents, with heavy reliance on medium-high dose combination therapy due to the elevated incidence of resistant isolates found.

T92618

473874-474095

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion, the sample of ICUs examined showed adequate and reasonable use of antimicrobial agents, with heavy reliance on medium-high dose combination therapy due to the elevated incidence of resistant isolates found.

TextSentencer_T4045

474096-474289

Sentence

denotes

Plasma concentrations (P), urinary excretion (U) and bactericidal activity of gatifloxacin (GAT) 400 mg versus ciprofloxacin (CIP) 500 mg in 12 healthy volunteers after a single oral dose PM199

T2207

474096-474289

Sentence

denotes

Plasma concentrations (P), urinary excretion (U) and bactericidal activity of gatifloxacin (GAT) 400 mg versus ciprofloxacin (CIP) 500 mg in 12 healthy volunteers after a single oral dose PM199

TextSentencer_T4046

474290-474510

Sentence

denotes

Boy D a , Kinzig-Schippers M b , Sö rgel F b , Well Naber KG a . a Hospital St. Elisabeth, Urologic Clinic, Straubing, Germany , b Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, IBMP, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany

T25489

474290-474510

Sentence

denotes

Boy D a , Kinzig-Schippers M b , Sö rgel F b , Well Naber KG a . a Hospital St. Elisabeth, Urologic Clinic, Straubing, Germany , b Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, IBMP, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany

TextSentencer_T4047

474511-474695

Sentence

denotes

Twelve volunteers received a single oral dose of 400 mg GAT versus 500 mg CIP to assess P up to 36 h, U (by HPLC), and urinary bactericidal titers (UBT) in eight intervals up to 120 h.

T13319

474511-474695

Sentence

denotes

Twelve volunteers received a single oral dose of 400 mg GAT versus 500 mg CIP to assess P up to 36 h, U (by HPLC), and urinary bactericidal titers (UBT) in eight intervals up to 120 h.

TextSentencer_T4048

474696-474738

Sentence

denotes

The mean Pmax of GAT/CIP was 3.35/2.12 mg.

T80827

474696-474738

Sentence

denotes

The mean Pmax of GAT/CIP was 3.35/2.12 mg.

TextSentencer_T4049

474739-474782

Sentence

denotes

The Ucum (mean) for GAT/CIP was 81.0/43.2%.

T85869

474739-474782

Sentence

denotes

The Ucum (mean) for GAT/CIP was 81.0/43.2%.

TextSentencer_T4050

474783-474962

Sentence

denotes

The UBTs, i.e. the highest twofold dilution of urine still bactericidal, were determined for nine uropathogens and one reference strain */MICs (mg/ml) (microdilution) for GAT/CIP:

T19599

474783-474962

Sentence

denotes

The UBTs, i.e. the highest twofold dilution of urine still bactericidal, were determined for nine uropathogens and one reference strain */MICs (mg/ml) (microdilution) for GAT/CIP:

TextSentencer_T4051

474963-475244

Sentence

denotes

Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (0.008/0.008); E. coli (0.06/0.06); Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.03/0.016); Proteus mirabilis (0.25/0.06); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1/ 0.125); S. saprophyticus (0.125/0.25); two strains of S. aureus (0.06/ 0.125); two strains of E. faecalis (0.5/1 and 8/32).

T63366

474963-475244

Sentence

denotes

Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (0.008/0.008); E. coli (0.06/0.06); Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.03/0.016); Proteus mirabilis (0.25/0.06); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1/ 0.125); S. saprophyticus (0.125/0.25); two strains of S. aureus (0.06/ 0.125); two strains of E. faecalis (0.5/1 and 8/32).

TextSentencer_T4052

475245-475378

Sentence

denotes

The median UBTs measured within the first 6 h for gatifloxacin were between 1:16 and 1:1024 for the five Gram-negative strains (incl.

T20083

475245-475378

Sentence

denotes

The median UBTs measured within the first 6 h for gatifloxacin were between 1:16 and 1:1024 for the five Gram-negative strains (incl.

TextSentencer_T4053

475379-475457

Sentence

denotes

P. aeruginosa ) and between 1:8 and 1:1024 for the five Gram-positive strains.

T55820

475379-475457

Sentence

denotes

P. aeruginosa ) and between 1:8 and 1:1024 for the five Gram-positive strains.

TextSentencer_T4054

475458-475556

Sentence

denotes

The median UBTs for ciprofloxacin were between 1:64 and 1:1024 for the Gramnegative strains (incl.

T93869

475458-475556

Sentence

denotes

The median UBTs for ciprofloxacin were between 1:64 and 1:1024 for the Gramnegative strains (incl.

TextSentencer_T4055

475557-475636

Sentence

denotes

P. aeruginosa ) and between 1:1.5 and 1:768 for the five Gram-positive strains.

T53935

475557-475636

Sentence

denotes

P. aeruginosa ) and between 1:1.5 and 1:768 for the five Gram-positive strains.

TextSentencer_T4056

475637-475847

Sentence

denotes

For the UBTs up to 12 h, GAT was significantly superior to ciprofloxacin in all Gram-positive strains, not different in the two E. coli strains, and inferior in the Klebsiella , Proteus and Pseudomonas strains.

T95357

475637-475847

Sentence

denotes

For the UBTs up to 12 h, GAT was significantly superior to ciprofloxacin in all Gram-positive strains, not different in the two E. coli strains, and inferior in the Klebsiella , Proteus and Pseudomonas strains.

TextSentencer_T4057

475848-475974

Sentence

denotes

For the UBTs at 12 Á/24 h, GAT was generally superior to CIP, but showed no difference in the Proteus and Pseudomonas strains.

T41978

475848-475974

Sentence

denotes

For the UBTs at 12 Á/24 h, GAT was generally superior to CIP, but showed no difference in the Proteus and Pseudomonas strains.

TextSentencer_T4058

475975-476042

Sentence

denotes

GAT showed overall comparable urinary bactericidal activity as CIP.

T86489

475975-476042

Sentence

denotes

GAT showed overall comparable urinary bactericidal activity as CIP.

TextSentencer_T4059

476043-476107

Sentence

denotes

This is in agreement with a clinical study performed previously.

T44114

476043-476107

Sentence

denotes

This is in agreement with a clinical study performed previously.

TextSentencer_T4060

476108-476189

Sentence

denotes

Malaria is one of the most prevalent endemic infectious disease affecting humans.

T69684

476108-476189

Sentence

denotes

Malaria is one of the most prevalent endemic infectious disease affecting humans.

TextSentencer_T4061

476190-476270

Sentence

denotes

In Bichat hospital 111 cases of malaria acute illness were reported during 2001.

T41516

476190-476270

Sentence

denotes

In Bichat hospital 111 cases of malaria acute illness were reported during 2001.

TextSentencer_T4062

476271-476350

Sentence

denotes

Among them, 96 patients were hospitalised and intravenously treated by quinine.

T22768

476271-476350

Sentence

denotes

Among them, 96 patients were hospitalised and intravenously treated by quinine.

TextSentencer_T4063

476351-476667

Sentence

denotes

This retrospective study consisted of comparing the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of quinine distinguishing, respectively 36 and 60 patients cured in Infectious Medical Department (IMD) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where a standardised quinine regimen was established (62 and 47% malaria attacks, respectively).

T41592

476351-476667

Sentence

denotes

This retrospective study consisted of comparing the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of quinine distinguishing, respectively 36 and 60 patients cured in Infectious Medical Department (IMD) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where a standardised quinine regimen was established (62 and 47% malaria attacks, respectively).

TextSentencer_T4064

476668-476798

Sentence

denotes

In ICU, the treatment consisted of an infused loading dose 16 mg/kg/4 h of quinine diluted in 5% glucose followed by 24 mg/kg/day.

T66457

476668-476798

Sentence

denotes

In ICU, the treatment consisted of an infused loading dose 16 mg/kg/4 h of quinine diluted in 5% glucose followed by 24 mg/kg/day.

TextSentencer_T4065

476799-476927

Sentence

denotes

Plasma quinine maximal concentrations were assessed after selective liquid Á/liquid extraction and spectrofluorometry detection.

T39781

476799-476927

Sentence

denotes

Plasma quinine maximal concentrations were assessed after selective liquid Á/liquid extraction and spectrofluorometry detection.

TextSentencer_T4066

476928-476977

Sentence

denotes

Statistical analysis was performed using t -test.

T30697

476928-476977

Sentence

denotes

Statistical analysis was performed using t -test.

TextSentencer_T4067

476978-477259

Sentence

denotes

Results showed that patients had comparable weight (71.49/19.7 and 70.89/17.9 kg) but quinine doses and plasma concentrations were significantly different in ICU and IMD, respectively (20.29/6.5 versus 22.79/3.7 mg/kg/day, PB/ 0.001 and 11.49/3.3 versus 10.39/3.2 mg/l, P B/ 0.01).

T84060

476978-477259

Sentence

denotes

Results showed that patients had comparable weight (71.49/19.7 and 70.89/17.9 kg) but quinine doses and plasma concentrations were significantly different in ICU and IMD, respectively (20.29/6.5 versus 22.79/3.7 mg/kg/day, PB/ 0.001 and 11.49/3.3 versus 10.39/3.2 mg/l, P B/ 0.01).

TextSentencer_T4068

477260-477289

Sentence

denotes

In ICU and IMD, respectively:

T56961

477260-477289

Sentence

denotes

In ICU and IMD, respectively:

TextSentencer_T4069

477290-477586

Sentence

denotes

57 and 49% were in the therapeutic range (10 Á/15 mg/l) with 29 and 43% below the requested therapeutic concentration (10 mg/l) and 13 and 8% above the limit of toxicity (15 mg/l) conveying the importance of TDM in intravenous quinine treatment to avoid infra-therapeutic or toxic concentrations.

T54910

477290-477586

Sentence

denotes

57 and 49% were in the therapeutic range (10 Á/15 mg/l) with 29 and 43% below the requested therapeutic concentration (10 mg/l) and 13 and 8% above the limit of toxicity (15 mg/l) conveying the importance of TDM in intravenous quinine treatment to avoid infra-therapeutic or toxic concentrations.

TextSentencer_T4070

477587-477767

Sentence

denotes

Simultaneous central nervous system distribution using microdialysis and pharmacokinetic Á/pharmacodynamic modelling of the electroencephalogram effect of norfloxacin in rats PM201

T25400

477587-477767

Sentence

denotes

Simultaneous central nervous system distribution using microdialysis and pharmacokinetic Á/pharmacodynamic modelling of the electroencephalogram effect of norfloxacin in rats PM201

TextSentencer_T4071

477768-477819

Sentence

denotes

Chenel M, Marchand S, Dupuis A, Bouquet S, Couet W.

T57809

477768-477819

Sentence

denotes

Chenel M, Marchand S, Dupuis A, Bouquet S, Couet W.

TextSentencer_T4072

477820-477883

Sentence

denotes

University of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Poitiers, France Purpose:

T72260

477820-477883

Sentence

denotes

University of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Poitiers, France Purpose:

TextSentencer_T4073

477884-478129

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the epileptogenic activity of norfloxacin by a pharmacokinetic Á/pharmacodynamic (PK Á/PD) modelling approach and to assess the contribution of distributional processes across the blood Á/brain barrier (BBB) to the delayed effect.

T46267

477884-478129

Sentence

denotes

To investigate the epileptogenic activity of norfloxacin by a pharmacokinetic Á/pharmacodynamic (PK Á/PD) modelling approach and to assess the contribution of distributional processes across the blood Á/brain barrier (BBB) to the delayed effect.

TextSentencer_T4074

478130-478138

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T84527

478130-478138

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T4075

478139-478205

Sentence

denotes

Rats (n0/10) received an IV bolus dose of norfloxacin (150 mg/kg).

T22902

478139-478205

Sentence

denotes

Rats (n0/10) received an IV bolus dose of norfloxacin (150 mg/kg).

TextSentencer_T4076

478206-478300

Sentence

denotes

Convulsant effect was quantified by electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during 9 h post-dose.

T53850

478206-478300

Sentence

denotes

Convulsant effect was quantified by electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during 9 h post-dose.

TextSentencer_T4077

478301-478365

Sentence

denotes

Arterial blood samples were collected for drug assays in plasma.

T10177

478301-478365

Sentence

denotes

Arterial blood samples were collected for drug assays in plasma.

TextSentencer_T4078

478366-478546

Sentence

denotes

Unbound norfloxacin concentrations were monitored in brain extracellular fluid (ECF) using microdialysis with in vivo calibration of the probes by retrodialysis with ciprofloxacin.

T30674

478366-478546

Sentence

denotes

Unbound norfloxacin concentrations were monitored in brain extracellular fluid (ECF) using microdialysis with in vivo calibration of the probes by retrodialysis with ciprofloxacin.

TextSentencer_T4079

478547-478555

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T94174

478547-478555

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4080

478556-478624

Sentence

denotes

The EEG effect reached its maximum between 70 and 190 min post-dose.

T90425

478556-478624

Sentence

denotes

The EEG effect reached its maximum between 70 and 190 min post-dose.

TextSentencer_T4081

478625-478696

Sentence

denotes

A PK/PD effect compartment model was successfully fitted to these data.

T4836

478625-478696

Sentence

denotes

A PK/PD effect compartment model was successfully fitted to these data.

TextSentencer_T4082

478697-478806

Sentence

denotes

The relationship between effect and concentration at the effect site was best described by a spline function.

T96192

478697-478806

Sentence

denotes

The relationship between effect and concentration at the effect site was best described by a spline function.

TextSentencer_T4083

478807-478992

Sentence

denotes

Norfloxacin concentrations in brain ECF were relatively low compared to plasma levels (ECF/plasma areas under curve (AUC) ratio equal to 9.79/ 2.8%), but central distribution was rapid.

T39940

478807-478992

Sentence

denotes

Norfloxacin concentrations in brain ECF were relatively low compared to plasma levels (ECF/plasma areas under curve (AUC) ratio equal to 9.79/ 2.8%), but central distribution was rapid.

TextSentencer_T4084

478993-479090

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, the effect versus brain ECF concentrations curves still exhibited a marked hysterisis.

T94040

478993-479090

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, the effect versus brain ECF concentrations curves still exhibited a marked hysterisis.

TextSentencer_T4085

479091-479102

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T12425

479091-479102

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4086

479103-479259

Sentence

denotes

The delay observed between plasma concentrations and norfloxacin convulsant effect cannot be explained by a slow distribution of norfloxacin across the BBB.

T60705

479103-479259

Sentence

denotes

The delay observed between plasma concentrations and norfloxacin convulsant effect cannot be explained by a slow distribution of norfloxacin across the BBB.

TextSentencer_T4087

479260-479697

Sentence

denotes

Pagoulatou A a , Kanellakopoulou K b , Vafiadou M a , Kostakopoulos TH c , Kastriotis I b , Giamarellou H c . a Department of Anesthesia, Sismanoglio General Hospital, Greece , b 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece , c Department of Urology, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece CSF kinetics of Van and Fu were studied in 57 patients who underwent short urological surgery under spinal anesthesia.

T93543

479260-479697

Sentence

denotes

Pagoulatou A a , Kanellakopoulou K b , Vafiadou M a , Kostakopoulos TH c , Kastriotis I b , Giamarellou H c . a Department of Anesthesia, Sismanoglio General Hospital, Greece , b 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece , c Department of Urology, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece CSF kinetics of Van and Fu were studied in 57 patients who underwent short urological surgery under spinal anesthesia.

TextSentencer_T4088

479698-479819

Sentence

denotes

Patients were excluded if they were already receiving an antibiotic or were suffering from renal and hepatic dysfunction.

T24508

479698-479819

Sentence

denotes

Patients were excluded if they were already receiving an antibiotic or were suffering from renal and hepatic dysfunction.

TextSentencer_T4089

479820-479866

Sentence

denotes

Van was administered at 1 g over 1 h infusion.

T32584

479820-479866

Sentence

denotes

Van was administered at 1 g over 1 h infusion.

TextSentencer_T4090

479867-479956

Sentence

denotes

Serum and CSF samples were collected post-dose and the mean serum levels were as follows:

T28158

479867-479956

Sentence

denotes

Serum and CSF samples were collected post-dose and the mean serum levels were as follows:

TextSentencer_T4091

479957-479970

Sentence

denotes

30 min Á/1 h:

T66926

479957-479970

Sentence

denotes

30 min Á/1 h:

TextSentencer_T4092

479971-480007

Sentence

denotes

21.1 mg/ml (five patients), 1 Á/2 h:

T21884

479971-480007

Sentence

denotes

21.1 mg/ml (five patients), 1 Á/2 h:

TextSentencer_T4093

480008-480044

Sentence

denotes

10.1 mg/ml (five patients), 2 Á/4 h:

T77481

480008-480044

Sentence

denotes

10.1 mg/ml (five patients), 2 Á/4 h:

TextSentencer_T4094

480045-480079

Sentence

denotes

8.5 mg/ml (six patients), 4 Á/6 h:

T71514

480045-480079

Sentence

denotes

8.5 mg/ml (six patients), 4 Á/6 h:

TextSentencer_T4095

480080-480117

Sentence

denotes

6.7 mg/ml (six patients) and 6 Á/8 h:

T45776

480080-480117

Sentence

denotes

6.7 mg/ml (six patients) and 6 Á/8 h:

TextSentencer_T4096

480118-480146

Sentence

denotes

5.15 mg/ml (seven patients).

T59863

480118-480146

Sentence

denotes

5.15 mg/ml (seven patients).

TextSentencer_T4097

480147-480200

Sentence

denotes

Fu was administered at 500 mg dose over 1 h infusion.

T78030

480147-480200

Sentence

denotes

Fu was administered at 500 mg dose over 1 h infusion.

TextSentencer_T4098

480201-480300

Sentence

denotes

Serum and CSF samples were taken post-dose and the mean serum concentrations were found as follows:

T89437

480201-480300

Sentence

denotes

Serum and CSF samples were taken post-dose and the mean serum concentrations were found as follows:

TextSentencer_T4099

480301-480312

Sentence

denotes

0 Á/30 min:

T65586

480301-480312

Sentence

denotes

0 Á/30 min:

TextSentencer_T4100

480313-480354

Sentence

denotes

43.08 mg/ml (six patients), 30 min Á/1 h:

T69351

480313-480354

Sentence

denotes

43.08 mg/ml (six patients), 30 min Á/1 h:

TextSentencer_T4101

480355-480390

Sentence

denotes

41.7 mg/ml (six patients), 1 Á/2 h:

T41215

480355-480390

Sentence

denotes

41.7 mg/ml (six patients), 1 Á/2 h:

TextSentencer_T4102

480391-480427

Sentence

denotes

33.8 mg/ml (five patients), 2 Á/4 h:

T83756

480391-480427

Sentence

denotes

33.8 mg/ml (five patients), 2 Á/4 h:

TextSentencer_T4103

480428-480463

Sentence

denotes

27.8 mg/ml (six patients), 4 Á/6 h:

T97846

480428-480463

Sentence

denotes

27.8 mg/ml (six patients), 4 Á/6 h:

TextSentencer_T4104

480464-480491

Sentence

denotes

25.6 MG/ml (five patients).

T49567

480464-480491

Sentence

denotes

25.6 MG/ml (five patients).

TextSentencer_T4105

480492-480534

Sentence

denotes

In CSF, both Van and Fu were undetectable.

T43892

480492-480534

Sentence

denotes

In CSF, both Van and Fu were undetectable.

TextSentencer_T4106

480535-480682

Sentence

denotes

It is concluded that in the absence of meningeal inflammation Van and Fu do not penetrate (with the applied microbiological assay) the CSF barrier.

T57347

480535-480682

Sentence

denotes

It is concluded that in the absence of meningeal inflammation Van and Fu do not penetrate (with the applied microbiological assay) the CSF barrier.

TextSentencer_T4107

480683-480785

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of the pharmacology of intravenous and orally given moxifloxacin in an in-vitro model PM203

T98498

480683-480785

Sentence

denotes

Comparison of the pharmacology of intravenous and orally given moxifloxacin in an in-vitro model PM203

TextSentencer_T4108

480786-480818

Sentence

denotes

Wiegand I, Pfeil E, Wiedemann B.

T18407

480786-480818

Sentence

denotes

Wiegand I, Pfeil E, Wiedemann B.

TextSentencer_T4109

480819-480890

Sentence

denotes

University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Bonn, Germany Purpose:

T30282

480819-480890

Sentence

denotes

University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Bonn, Germany Purpose:

TextSentencer_T4110

480891-481020

Sentence

denotes

The intravenous form (IV) of 400 mg Moxifloxacin (MOX), one of the newer fluoroquinolones, has been recently approved by the FDA.

T32271

480891-481020

Sentence

denotes

The intravenous form (IV) of 400 mg Moxifloxacin (MOX), one of the newer fluoroquinolones, has been recently approved by the FDA.

TextSentencer_T4111

481021-481154

Sentence

denotes

During the IV treatment higher peak serum concentrations are achieved in comparison to the oral administration (PO) of the same dose.

T7864

481021-481154

Sentence

denotes

During the IV treatment higher peak serum concentrations are achieved in comparison to the oral administration (PO) of the same dose.

TextSentencer_T4112

481155-481229

Sentence

denotes

The antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolones is concentration dependent.

T84975

481155-481229

Sentence

denotes

The antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolones is concentration dependent.

TextSentencer_T4113

481230-481461

Sentence

denotes

We therefore simulated human pharmacokinetics of single PO and IV dosages of 400 mg MOX in an in-vitro model using six different gram-negative and -positive pathogens to elucidate the different effect of these two dosing schedules.

T36878

481230-481461

Sentence

denotes

We therefore simulated human pharmacokinetics of single PO and IV dosages of 400 mg MOX in an in-vitro model using six different gram-negative and -positive pathogens to elucidate the different effect of these two dosing schedules.

TextSentencer_T4114

481462-481470

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T72821

481462-481470

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4115

481471-481610

Sentence

denotes

The comparison of the pharmacological parameter AUC/ MIC shows an increase ( Table 1 ) that could predict an enhanced antibacterial effect.

T56855

481471-481610

Sentence

denotes

The comparison of the pharmacological parameter AUC/ MIC shows an increase ( Table 1 ) that could predict an enhanced antibacterial effect.

TextSentencer_T4116

481611-481836

Sentence

denotes

However, the analysis of the killing curves with the following parameters, ka.max (maximal killing activity) and AAC (area above the killing curve between 0 and 24 h), reveals no major difference between the PO and IV dosage.

T12203

481611-481836

Sentence

denotes

However, the analysis of the killing curves with the following parameters, ka.max (maximal killing activity) and AAC (area above the killing curve between 0 and 24 h), reveals no major difference between the PO and IV dosage.

TextSentencer_T4117

481837-481848

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T35552

481837-481848

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4118

481849-482067

Sentence

denotes

The serum concentration after oral administration is already sufficiently high to show the optimal bactericidal effect of MOX that can only be slightly increased by higher peak concentrations and higher AUC/MIC ratios.

T25947

481849-482067

Sentence

denotes

The serum concentration after oral administration is already sufficiently high to show the optimal bactericidal effect of MOX that can only be slightly increased by higher peak concentrations and higher AUC/MIC ratios.

TextSentencer_T4119

482068-482267

Sentence

denotes

Thus the concentration dependence is not linear but ends already at concentrations achievable by oral dosing and documents that AUC/MIC calculations cannot easily be translated into dosing schedules.

T21312

482068-482267

Sentence

denotes

Thus the concentration dependence is not linear but ends already at concentrations achievable by oral dosing and documents that AUC/MIC calculations cannot easily be translated into dosing schedules.

TextSentencer_T4120

482268-482280

Sentence

denotes

Background :

T58733

482268-482280

Sentence

denotes

Background :

TextSentencer_T4121

482281-482346

Sentence

denotes

Bacteria growing in vivo multiply much more slowly than in vitro.

T37316

482281-482346

Sentence

denotes

Bacteria growing in vivo multiply much more slowly than in vitro.

TextSentencer_T4122

482347-482479

Sentence

denotes

Whether the bactericidal activity of quinolones may be affected by an increase in generation time (g) was studied in batch cultures.

T25435

482347-482479

Sentence

denotes

Whether the bactericidal activity of quinolones may be affected by an increase in generation time (g) was studied in batch cultures.

TextSentencer_T4123

482480-482488

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T88377

482480-482488

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T4124

482489-482600

Sentence

denotes

By limiting the nutrient supply, generation times were lengthened from approximately 0.45 to 1.5 h up to 3.9 h.

T75247

482489-482600

Sentence

denotes

By limiting the nutrient supply, generation times were lengthened from approximately 0.45 to 1.5 h up to 3.9 h.

TextSentencer_T4125

482601-482718

Sentence

denotes

Alternatively, the quinolones were added to the bacterial cultures during the lag-, exponential-and stationary phase.

T31490

482601-482718

Sentence

denotes

Alternatively, the quinolones were added to the bacterial cultures during the lag-, exponential-and stationary phase.

TextSentencer_T4126

482719-482834

Sentence

denotes

Recent clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were exposed to multiples of the MICs of ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin.

T95305

482719-482834

Sentence

denotes

Recent clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were exposed to multiples of the MICs of ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin.

TextSentencer_T4127

482835-482901

Sentence

denotes

The 'killing rates' were calculated in analogy to the growth rate.

T70494

482835-482901

Sentence

denotes

The 'killing rates' were calculated in analogy to the growth rate.

TextSentencer_T4128

482902-482910

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T34042

482902-482910

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4129

482911-483034

Sentence

denotes

The bactericidal activity of the quinolones tested against E. coli was minimally influenced by the reduced generation time.

T17706

482911-483034

Sentence

denotes

The bactericidal activity of the quinolones tested against E. coli was minimally influenced by the reduced generation time.

TextSentencer_T4130

483035-483307

Sentence

denotes

Ciprofloxacin concentrations of ]/2)/MIC eliminated the test strains within 5/2 h from the test system if added during the lag or exponential growth phase; four times higher concentrations were needed to reduce CFUs by 99% within 2 h, if added during the stationary phase.

T6733

483035-483307

Sentence

denotes

Ciprofloxacin concentrations of ]/2)/MIC eliminated the test strains within 5/2 h from the test system if added during the lag or exponential growth phase; four times higher concentrations were needed to reduce CFUs by 99% within 2 h, if added during the stationary phase.

TextSentencer_T4131

483308-483350

Sentence

denotes

Norfloxacin was significantly less active.

T28051

483308-483350

Sentence

denotes

Norfloxacin was significantly less active.

TextSentencer_T4132

483351-483362

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T88842

483351-483362

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4133

483363-483511

Sentence

denotes

In contrast to norfloxacin, the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin is minimally affected by the generation time or growth phase of the bacteria.

T25494

483363-483511

Sentence

denotes

In contrast to norfloxacin, the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin is minimally affected by the generation time or growth phase of the bacteria.

TextSentencer_T4134

483512-483544

Sentence

denotes

Wiegand I, Pfeil E, Wiedemann B.

T86836

483512-483544

Sentence

denotes

Wiegand I, Pfeil E, Wiedemann B.

TextSentencer_T4135

483545-483616

Sentence

denotes

University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Bonn, Germany Purpose:

T61965

483545-483616

Sentence

denotes

University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Bonn, Germany Purpose:

TextSentencer_T4136

483617-483715

Sentence

denotes

Moxifloxacin (MOX) is one of the newer fluoroquinolones, now available for parenteral application.

T26536

483617-483715

Sentence

denotes

Moxifloxacin (MOX) is one of the newer fluoroquinolones, now available for parenteral application.

TextSentencer_T4137

483716-483973

Sentence

denotes

The pharmacology of an intravenous once-daily dose (OD) of 400 mg MOX was determined with five gram-negative and -positive pathogens (Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Moraxella catarrhalis , Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumoniae ).

T34908

483716-483973

Sentence

denotes

The pharmacology of an intravenous once-daily dose (OD) of 400 mg MOX was determined with five gram-negative and -positive pathogens (Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Moraxella catarrhalis , Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumoniae ).

TextSentencer_T4138

483974-484103

Sentence

denotes

A twice-daily dose (BID) of 400 mg MOX was simulated with the gram-positive species in order to increase the bactericidal effect.

T31629

483974-484103

Sentence

denotes

A twice-daily dose (BID) of 400 mg MOX was simulated with the gram-positive species in order to increase the bactericidal effect.

TextSentencer_T4139

484104-484112

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T19799

484104-484112

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4140

484113-484259

Sentence

denotes

To determine the efficacy, killing curves were analyzed, and following parameters were calculated: ka.max: maximal killing activity [log cfu]; ka.

T84338

484113-484259

Sentence

denotes

To determine the efficacy, killing curves were analyzed, and following parameters were calculated: ka.max: maximal killing activity [log cfu]; ka.

TextSentencer_T4141

484260-484271

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T91674

484260-484271

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4142

484272-484349

Sentence

denotes

An intravenous once-daily dose of MOX is active against all tested pathogens.

T13250

484272-484349

Sentence

denotes

An intravenous once-daily dose of MOX is active against all tested pathogens.

TextSentencer_T4143

484350-484422

Sentence

denotes

The gram-negative species are rapidly killed (ka.1 h similar to ka.max).

T9478

484350-484422

Sentence

denotes

The gram-negative species are rapidly killed (ka.1 h similar to ka.max).

TextSentencer_T4144

484423-484579

Sentence

denotes

There is no pronounced initial effect on the two gram-positive species but a general slow reduction in the viable cell count (ka.max is reached after 24 h).

T99063

484423-484579

Sentence

denotes

There is no pronounced initial effect on the two gram-positive species but a general slow reduction in the viable cell count (ka.max is reached after 24 h).

TextSentencer_T4145

484580-484712

Sentence

denotes

The efficacy of MOX (measured as AAC and ka.max) on S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae is to some extent increased after the second dose.

T26922

484580-484712

Sentence

denotes

The efficacy of MOX (measured as AAC and ka.max) on S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae is to some extent increased after the second dose.

TextSentencer_T4146

484713-484804

Sentence

denotes

However, the analysis of the killing curves reveals no major difference between OD and BID.

T56405

484713-484804

Sentence

denotes

However, the analysis of the killing curves reveals no major difference between OD and BID.

TextSentencer_T4147

484805-484901

Sentence

denotes

Even the OD nearly gives the maximal bacterical activity of MOX against gram-positive pathogens.

T4986

484805-484901

Sentence

denotes

Even the OD nearly gives the maximal bacterical activity of MOX against gram-positive pathogens.

TextSentencer_T4148

484902-484913

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T47787

484902-484913

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T4149

484914-485036

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the dose proportionality of amoxicillin and to compare the respective PK/PD parameters of two dosage regimens.

T84963

484914-485036

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the dose proportionality of amoxicillin and to compare the respective PK/PD parameters of two dosage regimens.

TextSentencer_T4150

485037-485045

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T71742

485037-485045

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T4151

485046-485335

Sentence

denotes

The dose proportionality of amoxicillin was evaluated using linear regression of mean AUC 0-inf and C max data of 13 different bioequivalence studies (N0/477 volunteers) performed with formulations containing various amounts of amoxicillin alone or in the combination with clavulanic acid.

T70389

485046-485335

Sentence

denotes

The dose proportionality of amoxicillin was evaluated using linear regression of mean AUC 0-inf and C max data of 13 different bioequivalence studies (N0/477 volunteers) performed with formulations containing various amounts of amoxicillin alone or in the combination with clavulanic acid.

TextSentencer_T4152

485336-485409

Sentence

denotes

The volunteers received a single oral dose in the range of 250 Á/1000 mg.

T52313

485336-485409

Sentence

denotes

The volunteers received a single oral dose in the range of 250 Á/1000 mg.

TextSentencer_T4153

485410-485491

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC/UV or LC/MS/MS methods.

T82775

485410-485491

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC/UV or LC/MS/MS methods.

TextSentencer_T4154

485492-485668

Sentence

denotes

Time above MIC (TMIC) expressed in% of dosing interval was calculated with three target MIC values (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) for 500 mg 8hourly and 1 g 12-hourly dosage regimens.

T15073

485492-485668

Sentence

denotes

Time above MIC (TMIC) expressed in% of dosing interval was calculated with three target MIC values (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) for 500 mg 8hourly and 1 g 12-hourly dosage regimens.

TextSentencer_T4155

485669-485677

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T15687

485669-485677

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4156

485678-485788

Sentence

denotes

The absorption of amoxicillin (AUC 0-inf ) showed a linear dependence with a correlation coefficient of 0.975.

T97215

485678-485788

Sentence

denotes

The absorption of amoxicillin (AUC 0-inf ) showed a linear dependence with a correlation coefficient of 0.975.

TextSentencer_T4157

485789-485895

Sentence

denotes

The correlation coefficient of the linear regression for the Cmax dependence on the actual dose was 0.909.

T65263

485789-485895

Sentence

denotes

The correlation coefficient of the linear regression for the Cmax dependence on the actual dose was 0.909.

TextSentencer_T4158

485896-486089

Sentence

denotes

The respective TMIC for both dosage regimens were very similar, with largely overlapping confidence intervals, supporting a PD breakpoint of 2 mg/l for the 1 g 12-hourly regimen (TMIC ]/2 mg/l:

T69757

485896-486089

Sentence

denotes

The respective TMIC for both dosage regimens were very similar, with largely overlapping confidence intervals, supporting a PD breakpoint of 2 mg/l for the 1 g 12-hourly regimen (TMIC ]/2 mg/l:

TextSentencer_T4159

486090-486117

Sentence

denotes

42.8%, 95% CI 38.6, 46.9%).

T78035

486090-486117

Sentence

denotes

42.8%, 95% CI 38.6, 46.9%).

TextSentencer_T4160

486118-486129

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T2404

486118-486129

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4161

486130-486301

Sentence

denotes

This analysis shows the dose proportionality of amoxicillin over the dosage range of 250 Á/1000 mg and supports the pharmacodynamic rationale for a 1 g bid dosage regimen.

T13729

486130-486301

Sentence

denotes

This analysis shows the dose proportionality of amoxicillin over the dosage range of 250 Á/1000 mg and supports the pharmacodynamic rationale for a 1 g bid dosage regimen.

TextSentencer_T4162

486302-486446

Sentence

denotes

Piperacillin/tazobactam concentration profile after high dose administration pattern in nosocomial pneumonias due to mecanical ventilation PM207

T3326

486302-486446

Sentence

denotes

Piperacillin/tazobactam concentration profile after high dose administration pattern in nosocomial pneumonias due to mecanical ventilation PM207

TextSentencer_T4163

486447-486621

Sentence

denotes

Pedeboscq S a , Gruson D b , Bassoua V a , Hilbert G b , Pometan JP a . a St. André Hospital, Pharmacy, Bordeaux, France , b Pellegrin Hospital, Reanimation, Bordeaux, France

T42392

486447-486621

Sentence

denotes

Pedeboscq S a , Gruson D b , Bassoua V a , Hilbert G b , Pometan JP a . a St. André Hospital, Pharmacy, Bordeaux, France , b Pellegrin Hospital, Reanimation, Bordeaux, France

TextSentencer_T4164

486622-486774

Sentence

denotes

The piperacillin (P)/tazobactam (T) antibacterial spectrum covers the largest part of bacteria responsible for pneumonias due to mechanical ventilation.

T5119

486622-486774

Sentence

denotes

The piperacillin (P)/tazobactam (T) antibacterial spectrum covers the largest part of bacteria responsible for pneumonias due to mechanical ventilation.

TextSentencer_T4165

486775-487042

Sentence

denotes

But, due to important bacterial inoculum and pharmacokinetic parameter modifications in intensive care patients, high doses of beta-lactamines seem to be necessary to obtain antibiotic concentrations above suspected bacteria's MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) .

T70384

486775-487042

Sentence

denotes

But, due to important bacterial inoculum and pharmacokinetic parameter modifications in intensive care patients, high doses of beta-lactamines seem to be necessary to obtain antibiotic concentrations above suspected bacteria's MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) .

TextSentencer_T4166

487043-487166

Sentence

denotes

This led us to compare, in patients with pneumonia due to mechanical ventilation, two intermittent administration patterns:

T21096

487043-487166

Sentence

denotes

This led us to compare, in patients with pneumonia due to mechanical ventilation, two intermittent administration patterns:

TextSentencer_T4167

487167-487253

Sentence

denotes

4 g three times a day (usual pattern) versus 4 g four times a day (high dose pattern).

T98688

487167-487253

Sentence

denotes

4 g three times a day (usual pattern) versus 4 g four times a day (high dose pattern).

TextSentencer_T4168

487254-487410

Sentence

denotes

This study is carried out in collaboration with intensive care unit, bacteriological department and pharmacy where antibiotic concentrations are determined.

T15815

487254-487410

Sentence

denotes

This study is carried out in collaboration with intensive care unit, bacteriological department and pharmacy where antibiotic concentrations are determined.

TextSentencer_T4169

487411-487523

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-three takings of blood are executed within a 48 h period, in addition to two bronchial secretion samples.

T14667

487411-487523

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-three takings of blood are executed within a 48 h period, in addition to two bronchial secretion samples.

TextSentencer_T4170

487524-487671

Sentence

denotes

Concerning P seric concentrations, the high dose pattern seems to be more adapted because of relatively high residual concentrations ( !/20 mg/ml).

T5868

487524-487671

Sentence

denotes

Concerning P seric concentrations, the high dose pattern seems to be more adapted because of relatively high residual concentrations ( !/20 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T4171

487672-487775

Sentence

denotes

Three hours after each injection, T seric concentrations are lower than the 4 mg/ml activity threshold.

T94803

487672-487775

Sentence

denotes

Three hours after each injection, T seric concentrations are lower than the 4 mg/ml activity threshold.

TextSentencer_T4172

487776-487913

Sentence

denotes

First and second day residual bronchial concentrations of P seem to be sufficient although T concentrations are below activity threshold.

T32254

487776-487913

Sentence

denotes

First and second day residual bronchial concentrations of P seem to be sufficient although T concentrations are below activity threshold.

TextSentencer_T4173

487914-488136

Sentence

denotes

These results are to be correlated with the MIC determined by the bacteriological department, and only this correlation will make us able to conclude the better efficacy of the high dose pattern in intensive care patients.

T88052

487914-488136

Sentence

denotes

These results are to be correlated with the MIC determined by the bacteriological department, and only this correlation will make us able to conclude the better efficacy of the high dose pattern in intensive care patients.

TextSentencer_T4174

488137-488231

Sentence

denotes

Anti-inflammatory drugs interference in absorption and tissue penetration of amoxycillin PM208

T24540

488137-488231

Sentence

denotes

Anti-inflammatory drugs interference in absorption and tissue penetration of amoxycillin PM208

TextSentencer_T4175

488232-488510

Sentence

denotes

Del Fiol FS a , Menon SZ b , Caramez TH b , Celotto TF b , Lopes RAS b . a University of Sorocaba, Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil , b School of Pharmacy, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil Antibiotics and anti-inflammatories are frequently associated in clinical practice.

T58232

488232-488510

Sentence

denotes

Del Fiol FS a , Menon SZ b , Caramez TH b , Celotto TF b , Lopes RAS b . a University of Sorocaba, Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil , b School of Pharmacy, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil Antibiotics and anti-inflammatories are frequently associated in clinical practice.

TextSentencer_T4176

488511-488666

Sentence

denotes

There is some concern about the quantity of antibiotic that reaches the infection sites, which may be reduced in the presence of an anti-inflammatory drug.

T41789

488511-488666

Sentence

denotes

There is some concern about the quantity of antibiotic that reaches the infection sites, which may be reduced in the presence of an anti-inflammatory drug.

TextSentencer_T4177

488667-488844

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the present study was to analyse how steroids (dexamethasone (DEXA)) and AINES (celecoxib (CELE)) influence on the penetration of amoxicillin to inflamed tissues.

T54436

488667-488844

Sentence

denotes

The purpose of the present study was to analyse how steroids (dexamethasone (DEXA)) and AINES (celecoxib (CELE)) influence on the penetration of amoxicillin to inflamed tissues.

TextSentencer_T4178

488845-488977

Sentence

denotes

Thirty female rats (Rattus norvegicus ) were used with surgically implanted PVC sponges on their backs to form granulomatous tissue.

T59773

488845-488977

Sentence

denotes

Thirty female rats (Rattus norvegicus ) were used with surgically implanted PVC sponges on their backs to form granulomatous tissue.

TextSentencer_T4179

488978-489036

Sentence

denotes

One week later the animals were divided into three groups.

T7474

488978-489036

Sentence

denotes

One week later the animals were divided into three groups.

TextSentencer_T4180

489037-489193

Sentence

denotes

One group received only AMOX (40 mg/kg), another received AMOX (40 mg/kg) plus CELE (6.0 mg/kg) and the last received AMOX (40 mg/kg) plus DEXA (0.3 mg/kg).

T75845

489037-489193

Sentence

denotes

One group received only AMOX (40 mg/kg), another received AMOX (40 mg/kg) plus CELE (6.0 mg/kg) and the last received AMOX (40 mg/kg) plus DEXA (0.3 mg/kg).

TextSentencer_T4181

489194-489311

Sentence

denotes

One hour later the animals were sacrificed and the concentration of amoxicillin in the serum and tissue investigated.

T52923

489194-489311

Sentence

denotes

One hour later the animals were sacrificed and the concentration of amoxicillin in the serum and tissue investigated.

TextSentencer_T4182

489312-489469

Sentence

denotes

There was no difference among the groups in the quantity absorbed (AMOX0/18.879/2.05 mg/ml; AMOX'/CELE0/18.209/1.89 mg/ml and AMOX'/DEXA0/18.139/2.28 mg/ml).

T51861

489312-489469

Sentence

denotes

There was no difference among the groups in the quantity absorbed (AMOX0/18.879/2.05 mg/ml; AMOX'/CELE0/18.209/1.89 mg/ml and AMOX'/DEXA0/18.139/2.28 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T4183

489470-489616

Sentence

denotes

There was a reduction in the tissue concentration of amoxicillin (P B/ 0.01 Tukey-Kramer) for the group that received the drug with dexamethasone.

T9215

489470-489616

Sentence

denotes

There was a reduction in the tissue concentration of amoxicillin (P B/ 0.01 Tukey-Kramer) for the group that received the drug with dexamethasone.

TextSentencer_T4184

489617-489706

Sentence

denotes

For the other groups, there was no difference in the tissue concentration of amoxicillin.

T74035

489617-489706

Sentence

denotes

For the other groups, there was no difference in the tissue concentration of amoxicillin.

TextSentencer_T4185

489707-489854

Sentence

denotes

The results indicated that in inflamed tissue, a significant reduction of antibiotic penetration was induced by sinultaneous dexamethasone therapy.

T1919

489707-489854

Sentence

denotes

The results indicated that in inflamed tissue, a significant reduction of antibiotic penetration was induced by sinultaneous dexamethasone therapy.

TextSentencer_T4186

489855-489991

Sentence

denotes

Prediction of the optimal amoxicillin dose regimen based on coupling of pharmacokinetic data and bactericidal activity PM209 Background:

T64568

489855-489991

Sentence

denotes

Prediction of the optimal amoxicillin dose regimen based on coupling of pharmacokinetic data and bactericidal activity PM209 Background:

TextSentencer_T4187

489992-490235

Sentence

denotes

Given its short half-life, amoxicillin (AMX) should be administered at least three times a day to patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, in order to achieve serum concentrations well above the MIC of the responsible pathogen.

T85918

489992-490235

Sentence

denotes

Given its short half-life, amoxicillin (AMX) should be administered at least three times a day to patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, in order to achieve serum concentrations well above the MIC of the responsible pathogen.

TextSentencer_T4188

490236-490343

Sentence

denotes

However, several authors have recommended twice-daily administration of a higher dose for a shorter period.

T16216

490236-490343

Sentence

denotes

However, several authors have recommended twice-daily administration of a higher dose for a shorter period.

TextSentencer_T4189

490344-490490

Sentence

denotes

We assessed the relationship between AMX sputum concentrations and antibacterial activity following two treatment schedules in healthy volunteers.

T8351

490344-490490

Sentence

denotes

We assessed the relationship between AMX sputum concentrations and antibacterial activity following two treatment schedules in healthy volunteers.

TextSentencer_T4190

490491-490512

Sentence

denotes

Subjects and methods:

T139

490491-490512

Sentence

denotes

Subjects and methods:

TextSentencer_T4191

490513-490621

Sentence

denotes

Twelve healthy volunteers were randomized to receive AMX for 4 days at a dose of either 1 g bd or 500 mg bd.

T25932

490513-490621

Sentence

denotes

Twelve healthy volunteers were randomized to receive AMX for 4 days at a dose of either 1 g bd or 500 mg bd.

TextSentencer_T4192

490622-490740

Sentence

denotes

Serum and sputum were collected every day, 3 h after the morning administration, and again 2 days after the last dose.

T79170

490622-490740

Sentence

denotes

Serum and sputum were collected every day, 3 h after the morning administration, and again 2 days after the last dose.

TextSentencer_T4193

490741-490812

Sentence

denotes

AMX concentrations were determined by HPLC with fluorometric detection.

T44957

490741-490812

Sentence

denotes

AMX concentrations were determined by HPLC with fluorometric detection.

TextSentencer_T4194

490813-490937

Sentence

denotes

Sputum killing activity was determined against Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis .

T94620

490813-490937

Sentence

denotes

Sputum killing activity was determined against Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis .

TextSentencer_T4195

490938-490946

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T63870

490938-490946

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4196

490947-491115

Sentence

denotes

Mean serum concentrations measured 3 h after the morning administration were 1.5 (500 mg bd) and 1.95 mg/l (1 g bd), and were above the MICs of the three microrganisms.

T69086

490947-491115

Sentence

denotes

Mean serum concentrations measured 3 h after the morning administration were 1.5 (500 mg bd) and 1.95 mg/l (1 g bd), and were above the MICs of the three microrganisms.

TextSentencer_T4197

491116-491178

Sentence

denotes

In contrast, sputum concentrations were always below 0.5 mg/l.

T28612

491116-491178

Sentence

denotes

In contrast, sputum concentrations were always below 0.5 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T4198

491179-491356

Sentence

denotes

In terms of sputum killing activity, 1 g bd was more effective than 500 mg bd against S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis , whereas no sputum samples were active on H. influenzae .

T7066

491179-491356

Sentence

denotes

In terms of sputum killing activity, 1 g bd was more effective than 500 mg bd against S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis , whereas no sputum samples were active on H. influenzae .

TextSentencer_T4199

491357-491368

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T26125

491357-491368

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4200

491369-491478

Sentence

denotes

The optimal amoxicillin treatment schedule cannot be established on the basis of serum pharmacokinetics only.

T61401

491369-491478

Sentence

denotes

The optimal amoxicillin treatment schedule cannot be established on the basis of serum pharmacokinetics only.

TextSentencer_T4201

491479-491542

Sentence

denotes

Galmiche H, Louchahi K, Tod M, Drugeon H, Giroud JP, Rouveix B.

T60359

491479-491542

Sentence

denotes

Galmiche H, Louchahi K, Tod M, Drugeon H, Giroud JP, Rouveix B.

TextSentencer_T4202

491543-491708

Sentence

denotes

Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hopital Cochin, Paris, CREPIT 93, Hopital Avicenne, Bobigny, Service de Microbiologie, Hopital Laennec, Nantes, France Background:

T65620

491543-491708

Sentence

denotes

Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hopital Cochin, Paris, CREPIT 93, Hopital Avicenne, Bobigny, Service de Microbiologie, Hopital Laennec, Nantes, France Background:

TextSentencer_T4203

491709-491857

Sentence

denotes

Cysteine-based mucolytics are commonly used in combination with antibiotics to treat patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB).

T59524

491709-491857

Sentence

denotes

Cysteine-based mucolytics are commonly used in combination with antibiotics to treat patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB).

TextSentencer_T4204

491858-491933

Sentence

denotes

They are also used to allow in vitro MIC determination in sputum specimens.

T19419

491858-491933

Sentence

denotes

They are also used to allow in vitro MIC determination in sputum specimens.

TextSentencer_T4205

491934-492068

Sentence

denotes

We conducted an in vitro and ex-vivo compatibility study designed to detect a possible interaction between mucolytics and antibiotics.

T31706

491934-492068

Sentence

denotes

We conducted an in vitro and ex-vivo compatibility study designed to detect a possible interaction between mucolytics and antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T4206

492069-492077

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T79205

492069-492077

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T4207

492078-492234

Sentence

denotes

Serial samples of bronchial secretions were collected from AECB patients and from healthy volunteers who received 1 g of amoxicillin twice a day for 4 days.

T1149

492078-492234

Sentence

denotes

Serial samples of bronchial secretions were collected from AECB patients and from healthy volunteers who received 1 g of amoxicillin twice a day for 4 days.

TextSentencer_T4208

492235-492289

Sentence

denotes

Two mucolytics were used to fluidify sputum specimens:

T86802

492235-492289

Sentence

denotes

Two mucolytics were used to fluidify sputum specimens:

TextSentencer_T4209

492290-492371

Sentence

denotes

2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutan (Digest-EUR † ) and acetylcysteine (10% solution).

T45771

492290-492371

Sentence

denotes

2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutan (Digest-EUR † ) and acetylcysteine (10% solution).

TextSentencer_T4210

492372-492455

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin was assayed using a chromatographic system with fluorometric detection.

T74150

492372-492455

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin was assayed using a chromatographic system with fluorometric detection.

TextSentencer_T4211

492456-492511

Sentence

denotes

Each sample was also tested in a microbiological assay.

T81905

492456-492511

Sentence

denotes

Each sample was also tested in a microbiological assay.

TextSentencer_T4212

492512-492520

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T36363

492512-492520

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4213

492521-492595

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin could not be detected in the presence of the mucolytic agents.

T1120

492521-492595

Sentence

denotes

Amoxicillin could not be detected in the presence of the mucolytic agents.

TextSentencer_T4214

492596-492608

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T18924

492596-492608

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T4215

492609-492795

Sentence

denotes

This mucolytic Á/amoxicillin interaction may be explained by amoxicillin fixation to fluidified mucoproteins, and should be taken into account when assessing antibiotic efficacy in vivo.

T13528

492609-492795

Sentence

denotes

This mucolytic Á/amoxicillin interaction may be explained by amoxicillin fixation to fluidified mucoproteins, and should be taken into account when assessing antibiotic efficacy in vivo.

TextSentencer_T4216

492796-492952

Sentence

denotes

Del Fiol FS a , Ferro C b , Albuquerques ET b . a University of Sorocaba, Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil , b Uniso, School of Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil

T32423

492796-492952

Sentence

denotes

Del Fiol FS a , Ferro C b , Albuquerques ET b . a University of Sorocaba, Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil , b Uniso, School of Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil

TextSentencer_T4217

492953-493072

Sentence

denotes

Physicians frequently recommend that macrolides should be administered with milk to decrease the discomfort they cause.

T22144

492953-493072

Sentence

denotes

Physicians frequently recommend that macrolides should be administered with milk to decrease the discomfort they cause.

TextSentencer_T4218

493073-493272

Sentence

denotes

Thus the objective of this study was to verify the interference of milk in the absorption and distribution of erythromycin (ERYT); clarithromycin (CLAR); roxithromycin (ROXI) and azithromycin (AZIT).

T91684

493073-493272

Sentence

denotes

Thus the objective of this study was to verify the interference of milk in the absorption and distribution of erythromycin (ERYT); clarithromycin (CLAR); roxithromycin (ROXI) and azithromycin (AZIT).

TextSentencer_T4219

493273-493410

Sentence

denotes

Forty female rats (Rattus norvegicus ) were used with surgically implanted PVC sponges on their backs for granulomatous tissue formation.

T66548

493273-493410

Sentence

denotes

Forty female rats (Rattus norvegicus ) were used with surgically implanted PVC sponges on their backs for granulomatous tissue formation.

TextSentencer_T4220

493411-493567

Sentence

denotes

One week later the animals were divided into groups that received the drugs ERYT, CLAR, ROXI and AZIT with and without milk (3.5 ml/kg [Ca'/'/]0/1.1 mg/ml).

T10553

493411-493567

Sentence

denotes

One week later the animals were divided into groups that received the drugs ERYT, CLAR, ROXI and AZIT with and without milk (3.5 ml/kg [Ca'/'/]0/1.1 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T4221

493568-493665

Sentence

denotes

The animals were sacrificed and the serum and tissue concentration of the drugs was investigated.

T30564

493568-493665

Sentence

denotes

The animals were sacrificed and the serum and tissue concentration of the drugs was investigated.

TextSentencer_T4222

493666-493793

Sentence

denotes

There was no reduction (PB/ 0.05 Tukey-Kramer) in the serum and tissue concentration in the presence of milk for AZIT and CLAR.

T1791

493666-493793

Sentence

denotes

There was no reduction (PB/ 0.05 Tukey-Kramer) in the serum and tissue concentration in the presence of milk for AZIT and CLAR.

TextSentencer_T4223

493794-493963

Sentence

denotes

There was a 27% reduction for ROXI in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (11.84 9/1.35 and 8.639/1.34 mg/ml), but no alteration in the tissue concentration.

T34030

493794-493963

Sentence

denotes

There was a 27% reduction for ROXI in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (11.84 9/1.35 and 8.639/1.34 mg/ml), but no alteration in the tissue concentration.

TextSentencer_T4224

493964-494147

Sentence

denotes

There was a 33% reduction for ERYT (P B/ 0.05), in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (10.209/ 1.06 and 6.839/0.88 mg/ml) and a 40% reduction in the tissue concentration.

T20496

493964-494147

Sentence

denotes

There was a 33% reduction for ERYT (P B/ 0.05), in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (10.209/ 1.06 and 6.839/0.88 mg/ml) and a 40% reduction in the tissue concentration.

TextSentencer_T4225

494148-494325

Sentence

denotes

The milk decreased the effectiveness of treatments with erythromycin and roxithromycin and the bioavailabilities of this macrolides were affected by co-administration with milk.

T86074

494148-494325

Sentence

denotes

The milk decreased the effectiveness of treatments with erythromycin and roxithromycin and the bioavailabilities of this macrolides were affected by co-administration with milk.

TextSentencer_T4226

494326-494476

Sentence

denotes

Del Fiol FS a , Souza GP b , Duzzi MR b . a University of Sorocaba, Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil , b Uniso, School of Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil

T46723

494326-494476

Sentence

denotes

Del Fiol FS a , Souza GP b , Duzzi MR b . a University of Sorocaba, Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil , b Uniso, School of Pharmacology, Sorocaba, Brazil

TextSentencer_T4227

494477-494540

Sentence

denotes

The degree to which tetracyclines are absorbed differs greatly.

T68754

494477-494540

Sentence

denotes

The degree to which tetracyclines are absorbed differs greatly.

TextSentencer_T4228

494541-494631

Sentence

denotes

This absorption is impaired by the concurrent ingestion of divalent and trivalent cations.

T19811

494541-494631

Sentence

denotes

This absorption is impaired by the concurrent ingestion of divalent and trivalent cations.

TextSentencer_T4229

494632-494834

Sentence

denotes

Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the interference of milk in the absorption and distribution of tetracycline (TETR), oxytetracycline (OXYT), minocycline (MINO) and doxycycline (DOXY).

T82950

494632-494834

Sentence

denotes

Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the interference of milk in the absorption and distribution of tetracycline (TETR), oxytetracycline (OXYT), minocycline (MINO) and doxycycline (DOXY).

TextSentencer_T4230

494835-494971

Sentence

denotes

Forty female rats (Rattus norvegicus ) were used with surgically implanted PVC sponges on their back for granulomatous tissue formation.

T90045

494835-494971

Sentence

denotes

Forty female rats (Rattus norvegicus ) were used with surgically implanted PVC sponges on their back for granulomatous tissue formation.

TextSentencer_T4231

494972-495130

Sentence

denotes

One week later the animals were divided into groups that received the drugs: TETR; OXYT; MINO; and DOXY with and without milk (3.5 ml/kg [Ca'/'/]0/1.1 mg/ml).

T18379

494972-495130

Sentence

denotes

One week later the animals were divided into groups that received the drugs: TETR; OXYT; MINO; and DOXY with and without milk (3.5 ml/kg [Ca'/'/]0/1.1 mg/ml).

TextSentencer_T4232

495131-495227

Sentence

denotes

The animals were sacrificed and the drug concentrations in the serum and tissue were determined.

T80355

495131-495227

Sentence

denotes

The animals were sacrificed and the drug concentrations in the serum and tissue were determined.

TextSentencer_T4233

495228-495347

Sentence

denotes

There was no reduction (PB/ 0.05 Tukey-Kramer) in the serum and tissue concentrations in the presence of milk for MINO.

T75349

495228-495347

Sentence

denotes

There was no reduction (PB/ 0.05 Tukey-Kramer) in the serum and tissue concentrations in the presence of milk for MINO.

TextSentencer_T4234

495348-495517

Sentence

denotes

There was a 25% reduction (P B/ 0.05) for DOXY in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (11.249/0.61 and 8.409/0.41 mg/ml) and 32% in the tissue concentration.

T66521

495348-495517

Sentence

denotes

There was a 25% reduction (P B/ 0.05) for DOXY in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (11.249/0.61 and 8.409/0.41 mg/ml) and 32% in the tissue concentration.

TextSentencer_T4235

495518-495690

Sentence

denotes

For OXYT, there was a reduction of 34% (PB/ 0.05) in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (14.579/1.51 and 9.549/1.51 mg/ml) and 16% in the tissue concentration.

T46777

495518-495690

Sentence

denotes

For OXYT, there was a reduction of 34% (PB/ 0.05) in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (14.579/1.51 and 9.549/1.51 mg/ml) and 16% in the tissue concentration.

TextSentencer_T4236

495691-495865

Sentence

denotes

The TETR results show a 35.4% reduction (P B/ 0.05) in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (13.469/3.39 and 8.699/3.03 mg/ml) and 40% in the tissue concentration.

T64593

495691-495865

Sentence

denotes

The TETR results show a 35.4% reduction (P B/ 0.05) in the serum concentration in the presence of milk (13.469/3.39 and 8.699/3.03 mg/ml) and 40% in the tissue concentration.

TextSentencer_T4237

495866-495928

Sentence

denotes

Milk decreased tetracycline bioavailability and effectiveness.

T64300

495866-495928

Sentence

denotes

Milk decreased tetracycline bioavailability and effectiveness.

TextSentencer_T4238

495929-495975

Sentence

denotes

Isotopic studies with oxine labelled platelet.

T97712

495929-495975

Sentence

denotes

Isotopic studies with oxine labelled platelet.

TextSentencer_T4239

495976-496051

Sentence

denotes

Platelet kinetics in thrombocytopenic malaria patients PM213 Introduction :

T28552

495976-496051

Sentence

denotes

Platelet kinetics in thrombocytopenic malaria patients PM213 Introduction :

TextSentencer_T4240

496052-496110

Sentence

denotes

Thrombocytopenia is a common feature in human malaria (1).

T3070

496052-496110

Sentence

denotes

Thrombocytopenia is a common feature in human malaria (1).

TextSentencer_T4241

496111-496390

Sentence

denotes

Excessive splenic platelet pooling has been suggested to play a role in uncomplicated cases of malaria, but a moderately shortened platelet life span during the period with decreasing parasitaemia seems the most plausible cause of the frequently observed thrombocytopenia (2, 3).

T92029

496111-496390

Sentence

denotes

Excessive splenic platelet pooling has been suggested to play a role in uncomplicated cases of malaria, but a moderately shortened platelet life span during the period with decreasing parasitaemia seems the most plausible cause of the frequently observed thrombocytopenia (2, 3).

TextSentencer_T4242

496391-496516

Sentence

denotes

Consumption coagulopathy, eventually manifested as disseminated intravascular coagulation, has been described in malaria (4).

T89792

496391-496516

Sentence

denotes

Consumption coagulopathy, eventually manifested as disseminated intravascular coagulation, has been described in malaria (4).

TextSentencer_T4243

496517-496610

Sentence

denotes

In uncomplicated malaria, however disseminated intravascular coagulation is rarely found (3).

T91588

496517-496610

Sentence

denotes

In uncomplicated malaria, however disseminated intravascular coagulation is rarely found (3).

TextSentencer_T4244

496611-496619

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T48465

496611-496619

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4245

496620-496686

Sentence

denotes

In malaria patients the sequestration was not different to normal.

T2321

496620-496686

Sentence

denotes

In malaria patients the sequestration was not different to normal.

TextSentencer_T4246

496687-496788

Sentence

denotes

Platelet half-life was reduced in patients with P. falciparum malaria to 10 Á/17 h (normal Â/8 days).

T32822

496687-496788

Sentence

denotes

Platelet half-life was reduced in patients with P. falciparum malaria to 10 Á/17 h (normal Â/8 days).

TextSentencer_T4247

496789-496856

Sentence

denotes

In one patient with P. vivax malaria Platelet half live was 59.5 h.

T24716

496789-496856

Sentence

denotes

In one patient with P. vivax malaria Platelet half live was 59.5 h.

TextSentencer_T4248

496857-496868

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T17278

496857-496868

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4249

496869-497026

Sentence

denotes

No significant differences in the sequestration of platelets when compared to healthy individuals could be detected by 111 In-labelled platelet scintigraphy.

T82452

496869-497026

Sentence

denotes

No significant differences in the sequestration of platelets when compared to healthy individuals could be detected by 111 In-labelled platelet scintigraphy.

TextSentencer_T4250

497027-497136

Sentence

denotes

Especially, no enhanced splenic sequestration, as previously expected, was the cause of the thrombocytopenia.

T90291

497027-497136

Sentence

denotes

Especially, no enhanced splenic sequestration, as previously expected, was the cause of the thrombocytopenia.

TextSentencer_T4251

497137-497277

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, other mechanisms than sequestration are responsible for the dramatically reduced life span of the platelets during acute malaria.

T98490

497137-497277

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, other mechanisms than sequestration are responsible for the dramatically reduced life span of the platelets during acute malaria.

TextSentencer_T4252

497278-497310

Sentence

denotes

Zaharanka AG, Rozhdestvensky DA.

T78413

497278-497310

Sentence

denotes

Zaharanka AG, Rozhdestvensky DA.

TextSentencer_T4253

497311-497366

Sentence

denotes

Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus Aim:

T85300

497311-497366

Sentence

denotes

Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus Aim:

TextSentencer_T4254

497367-497574

Sentence

denotes

The studying of chromatingeterogenic test (CT) results in sperm of subjects taking doxycycline (D) and some macrolides (Erythromycine (E), Jozamycine (J), and Azytromycine (A)) in moderate therapeutic doses.

T66483

497367-497574

Sentence

denotes

The studying of chromatingeterogenic test (CT) results in sperm of subjects taking doxycycline (D) and some macrolides (Erythromycine (E), Jozamycine (J), and Azytromycine (A)) in moderate therapeutic doses.

TextSentencer_T4255

497575-497583

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T93061

497575-497583

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T4256

497584-497638

Sentence

denotes

Forty healthy volunteers (20 Á/23 years) were studied.

T87377

497584-497638

Sentence

denotes

Forty healthy volunteers (20 Á/23 years) were studied.

TextSentencer_T4257

497639-497806

Sentence

denotes

Daily dose of D was 0.2; E was administered in dose 0.25 four times per day 10 days; J */0.5 before meals twice daily 10 days; A */0.25 before meals once daily 5 days.

T69876

497639-497806

Sentence

denotes

Daily dose of D was 0.2; E was administered in dose 0.25 four times per day 10 days; J */0.5 before meals twice daily 10 days; A */0.25 before meals once daily 5 days.

TextSentencer_T4258

497807-498010

Sentence

denotes

CT for evaluation of DNA condition in human spermatozoids was performed before treatment (twice), on the 5th and 10th days of treatment, as well as after 1 and 2 months after treatment course completing.

T34693

497807-498010

Sentence

denotes

CT for evaluation of DNA condition in human spermatozoids was performed before treatment (twice), on the 5th and 10th days of treatment, as well as after 1 and 2 months after treatment course completing.

TextSentencer_T4259

498011-498127

Sentence

denotes

Results: CT data analysis revealed that the mean amount of defective spermato-zoids before treatment was 18.5'/3.5%.

T69871

498011-498127

Sentence

denotes

Results: CT data analysis revealed that the mean amount of defective spermato-zoids before treatment was 18.5'/3.5%.

TextSentencer_T4260

498128-498255

Sentence

denotes

By the 5th day of D treatment the index of de-natured DNA was 63.4'/6.5% (PB/ 0.001), by the 10th day */80.4'/7.2% (PB/ 0.001).

T55874

498128-498255

Sentence

denotes

By the 5th day of D treatment the index of de-natured DNA was 63.4'/6.5% (PB/ 0.001), by the 10th day */80.4'/7.2% (PB/ 0.001).

TextSentencer_T4261

498256-498421

Sentence

denotes

One and 2 months after the D treatment course the amount of generative cells with denatured DNA was 54.5'/4.6 and 42.5'/3.8%, respectively (P B/ 0.001 in both case).

T30294

498256-498421

Sentence

denotes

One and 2 months after the D treatment course the amount of generative cells with denatured DNA was 54.5'/4.6 and 42.5'/3.8%, respectively (P B/ 0.001 in both case).

TextSentencer_T4262

498422-498614

Sentence

denotes

Under E treatment the amount of defective spermatozoids changed as 38.2'/4.2 (5th day), 42.4'/2.7 (10th day), 35.6'/2.5 (after 1 month), and 30.5'/4.2% (after 2 months) (PB/ 0.05 in any case).

T62974

498422-498614

Sentence

denotes

Under E treatment the amount of defective spermatozoids changed as 38.2'/4.2 (5th day), 42.4'/2.7 (10th day), 35.6'/2.5 (after 1 month), and 30.5'/4.2% (after 2 months) (PB/ 0.05 in any case).

TextSentencer_T4263

498615-498850

Sentence

denotes

Under A using the CT results at the same control points were 39.5'/4.7, 46.5'/3.2, 40.2'/3.5, 25.6'/3.2% (PB/ 0.05 in any case); and under J treatment */18.2'/2.5, 20.3'/2.5, 17.2'/3.2, 15.2'/ 4.2%, respectively (P !/0.05 in any case).

T38892

498615-498850

Sentence

denotes

Under A using the CT results at the same control points were 39.5'/4.7, 46.5'/3.2, 40.2'/3.5, 25.6'/3.2% (PB/ 0.05 in any case); and under J treatment */18.2'/2.5, 20.3'/2.5, 17.2'/3.2, 15.2'/ 4.2%, respectively (P !/0.05 in any case).

TextSentencer_T4264

498851-498863

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T99831

498851-498863

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T4265

498864-498973

Sentence

denotes

The data obtained permit to conclude that D demonstrates the high level of toxicity to male generative cells.

T11123

498864-498973

Sentence

denotes

The data obtained permit to conclude that D demonstrates the high level of toxicity to male generative cells.

TextSentencer_T4266

498974-499044

Sentence

denotes

This effect preserves during 2 months after the course of D treatment.

T60789

498974-499044

Sentence

denotes

This effect preserves during 2 months after the course of D treatment.

TextSentencer_T4267

499045-499055

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

T83051

499045-499055

Sentence

denotes

Objective:

TextSentencer_T4268

499056-499212

Sentence

denotes

To study the effect of aggressive isolation and decontamination measures to control an outbreak of multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii (MR-Ab) in an ICU.

T48280

499056-499212

Sentence

denotes

To study the effect of aggressive isolation and decontamination measures to control an outbreak of multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii (MR-Ab) in an ICU.

TextSentencer_T4269

499213-499226

Sentence

denotes

The outbreak:

T47452

499213-499226

Sentence

denotes

The outbreak:

TextSentencer_T4270

499227-499375

Sentence

denotes

The index case was transferred from a Mediterranean hospital, directly into an open-plan 10-bedded ICU, with severe injuries to his head and thorax.

T81731

499227-499375

Sentence

denotes

The index case was transferred from a Mediterranean hospital, directly into an open-plan 10-bedded ICU, with severe injuries to his head and thorax.

TextSentencer_T4271

499376-499408

Sentence

denotes

He died shortly after admission.

T62458

499376-499408

Sentence

denotes

He died shortly after admission.

TextSentencer_T4272

499409-499689

Sentence

denotes

Sputum, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood cultures and a chest drain swab grew MR-Ab, resistant to ampicillin, co-amoxiclav, aztreonam, amikacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, piptazobactam, tobramycin and sensitive only to colistin.

T46879

499409-499689

Sentence

denotes

Sputum, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood cultures and a chest drain swab grew MR-Ab, resistant to ampicillin, co-amoxiclav, aztreonam, amikacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, piptazobactam, tobramycin and sensitive only to colistin.

TextSentencer_T4273

499690-499755

Sentence

denotes

Within 10 days, MR-Ab was isolated from two further ICU patients.

T56484

499690-499755

Sentence

denotes

Within 10 days, MR-Ab was isolated from two further ICU patients.

TextSentencer_T4274

499756-499830

Sentence

denotes

All isolates demonstrated identical antimicrobial susceptibility profiles.

T40636

499756-499830

Sentence

denotes

All isolates demonstrated identical antimicrobial susceptibility profiles.

TextSentencer_T4275

499831-499887

Sentence

denotes

The ICU was closed to admissions and thoroughly cleaned.

T56824

499831-499887

Sentence

denotes

The ICU was closed to admissions and thoroughly cleaned.

TextSentencer_T4276

499888-499943

Sentence

denotes

All patients were isolated and their contacts screened.

T19976

499888-499943

Sentence

denotes

All patients were isolated and their contacts screened.

TextSentencer_T4277

499944-500016

Sentence

denotes

The ICU was reopened, however, MR-Ab was isolated from a fourth patient.

T97522

499944-500016

Sentence

denotes

The ICU was reopened, however, MR-Ab was isolated from a fourth patient.

TextSentencer_T4278

500017-500141

Sentence

denotes

This patient was isolated, the ICU closed, for a second time, thoroughly cleaned, and all contacts isolated until discharge.

T4528

500017-500141

Sentence

denotes

This patient was isolated, the ICU closed, for a second time, thoroughly cleaned, and all contacts isolated until discharge.

TextSentencer_T4279

500142-500198

Sentence

denotes

All subsequent patients screened were negative for MR-Ab

T82710

500142-500198

Sentence

denotes

All subsequent patients screened were negative for MR-Ab

TextSentencer_T4280

500199-500210

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T12527

500199-500210

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4281

500211-500457

Sentence

denotes

This illustrates the importance of aggressive isolation measures and thorough supervised cleaning in control of an outbreak, and the need to screen patients for resistant bacteria before admission to the intensive care unit in a General hospital.

T25466

500211-500457

Sentence

denotes

This illustrates the importance of aggressive isolation measures and thorough supervised cleaning in control of an outbreak, and the need to screen patients for resistant bacteria before admission to the intensive care unit in a General hospital.

TextSentencer_T4282

500458-500696

Sentence

denotes

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-positive bacteria isolated in neonatal intensive care unit PM216 Sandorcinova Z a , Siegfried L a , Kmetova M a , Viragova S b . a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J.

T7026

500458-500696

Sentence

denotes

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-positive bacteria isolated in neonatal intensive care unit PM216 Sandorcinova Z a , Siegfried L a , Kmetova M a , Viragova S b . a Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J.

TextSentencer_T4283

500697-500796

Sentence

denotes

Safarik, Kosice, Slovakia , b Hospital, Kosice-Saca, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Kosice, Slovakia

T28303

500697-500796

Sentence

denotes

Safarik, Kosice, Slovakia , b Hospital, Kosice-Saca, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Kosice, Slovakia

TextSentencer_T4284

500797-500929

Sentence

denotes

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases hydrolyse all penicilins, cephalosporins, including third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam.

T35524

500797-500929

Sentence

denotes

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases hydrolyse all penicilins, cephalosporins, including third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam.

TextSentencer_T4285

500930-501035

Sentence

denotes

ESBL are predominantly produced by Klebsiella spp. but may be presented in other Enterobacteriaceae, too.

T28640

500930-501035

Sentence

denotes

ESBL are predominantly produced by Klebsiella spp. but may be presented in other Enterobacteriaceae, too.

TextSentencer_T4286

501036-501201

Sentence

denotes

The aim of present study was to investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized at the neonatal Intensive Care Units (ICU).

T22624

501036-501201

Sentence

denotes

The aim of present study was to investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized at the neonatal Intensive Care Units (ICU).

TextSentencer_T4287

501202-501319

Sentence

denotes

Fifty Escherichia coli and 35 Klebsiella spp. were isolated from rectum of patients hospitalized at the neonatal ICU.

T56053

501202-501319

Sentence

denotes

Fifty Escherichia coli and 35 Klebsiella spp. were isolated from rectum of patients hospitalized at the neonatal ICU.

TextSentencer_T4288

501320-501446

Sentence

denotes

The MICs of antimicrobial agents were determined by the standard agar plate dilution method according to the NCCLS guidelines.

T64512

501320-501446

Sentence

denotes

The MICs of antimicrobial agents were determined by the standard agar plate dilution method according to the NCCLS guidelines.

TextSentencer_T4289

501447-501622

Sentence

denotes

For screening of ESBL production we investigated strains showing reduced susceptibility (MIC equal and/or more than 2 ml/l) to at least one of third generation cephalosporins.

T77475

501447-501622

Sentence

denotes

For screening of ESBL production we investigated strains showing reduced susceptibility (MIC equal and/or more than 2 ml/l) to at least one of third generation cephalosporins.

TextSentencer_T4290

501623-501785

Sentence

denotes

ESBL production was detected by double disk synergy test (DDST), E -test for ESBL, and PCR employing specific primers for the presence of blaSHV and blaTEM genes.

T54922

501623-501785

Sentence

denotes

ESBL production was detected by double disk synergy test (DDST), E -test for ESBL, and PCR employing specific primers for the presence of blaSHV and blaTEM genes.

TextSentencer_T4291

501786-502008

Sentence

denotes

By using DDST and E -test, among E. coli isolates, an expression of ESBL was detected in the three by the former method, while among Klebsiella spp. isolates, a production of ESBL was found in the two by the latter method.

T79546

501786-502008

Sentence

denotes

By using DDST and E -test, among E. coli isolates, an expression of ESBL was detected in the three by the former method, while among Klebsiella spp. isolates, a production of ESBL was found in the two by the latter method.

TextSentencer_T4292

502009-502188

Sentence

denotes

In ESBL-positive E. coli strains the presence of blaTEM genes fragments was detected while in ESBL-positive Klebsiella spp. genes encoding for SHV-type beta-lactamases were found.

T24881

502009-502188

Sentence

denotes

In ESBL-positive E. coli strains the presence of blaTEM genes fragments was detected while in ESBL-positive Klebsiella spp. genes encoding for SHV-type beta-lactamases were found.

TextSentencer_T4293

502189-502278

Sentence

denotes

Isolation of staphylococci from wound swabs and their susceptibility to antibiotics PM217

T81772

502189-502278

Sentence

denotes

Isolation of staphylococci from wound swabs and their susceptibility to antibiotics PM217

TextSentencer_T4294

502279-502346

Sentence

denotes

Markov MIJ, Shopovski E, Despotovski V, Angelevski A, Nikolovski B.

T87002

502279-502346

Sentence

denotes

Markov MIJ, Shopovski E, Despotovski V, Angelevski A, Nikolovski B.

TextSentencer_T4295

502347-502436

Sentence

denotes

Military Hospital, Microbiology, Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia Purpose:

T64763

502347-502436

Sentence

denotes

Military Hospital, Microbiology, Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic, Macedonia Purpose:

TextSentencer_T4296

502437-502545

Sentence

denotes

To determine percent of staphylococci from wound swabs and to establish their susceptibility to antibiotics.

T21078

502437-502545

Sentence

denotes

To determine percent of staphylococci from wound swabs and to establish their susceptibility to antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T4297

502546-502566

Sentence

denotes

Material and method:

T47109

502546-502566

Sentence

denotes

Material and method:

TextSentencer_T4298

502567-502645

Sentence

denotes

The wound swabs have been evaluated with standards microbiological techniques.

T1764

502567-502645

Sentence

denotes

The wound swabs have been evaluated with standards microbiological techniques.

TextSentencer_T4299

502646-502721

Sentence

denotes

Bacteria have been identified with strips from the 'ATB EXPRESSION' system.

T71675

502646-502721

Sentence

denotes

Bacteria have been identified with strips from the 'ATB EXPRESSION' system.

TextSentencer_T4300

502722-502829

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility testing has been performed with strips with dilution technique, read by the same system.

T5819

502722-502829

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility testing has been performed with strips with dilution technique, read by the same system.

TextSentencer_T4301

502830-502838

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T19927

502830-502838

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4302

502839-502973

Sentence

denotes

During the last 5 years (01 01 1997 Á/25 02 2002), a total of 1978 wound swabs have been evaluated in the Military Hospital in Skopje.

T58581

502839-502973

Sentence

denotes

During the last 5 years (01 01 1997 Á/25 02 2002), a total of 1978 wound swabs have been evaluated in the Military Hospital in Skopje.

TextSentencer_T4303

502974-503121

Sentence

denotes

Positive bacterial finding have been determined in 1345 (68%) swabs with 1575 isolated bacterial species, from which 587 (37.3) were staphylococci:

T47682

502974-503121

Sentence

denotes

Positive bacterial finding have been determined in 1345 (68%) swabs with 1575 isolated bacterial species, from which 587 (37.3) were staphylococci:

TextSentencer_T4304

503122-503416

Sentence

denotes

Staphylococcus aureus 460 (29.2%) isolations (173 methycillin resistant S. aureus ); S. epidermidis 79 (5.0%); S. haemolyticus 21 (1.3%); S. hominis 11 (0.7%); S. chromogenes and S. lugdunensis nine (0.6%); S. intermedius , S. lentus , S. sciuri and S. warneri all with seven (0.4%) isolations.

T27844

503122-503416

Sentence

denotes

Staphylococcus aureus 460 (29.2%) isolations (173 methycillin resistant S. aureus ); S. epidermidis 79 (5.0%); S. haemolyticus 21 (1.3%); S. hominis 11 (0.7%); S. chromogenes and S. lugdunensis nine (0.6%); S. intermedius , S. lentus , S. sciuri and S. warneri all with seven (0.4%) isolations.

TextSentencer_T4305

503417-503717

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility of S. aureus was to: penicillin 2%, ampicillin 15%, amoksicillin/clavulonic acid 67%, ceftazidime 66%, gentamicin 29%, tetracycline's 28%, erythromycin 61%, lincomycin 44%, ciprofloksacin 95%, cotrimoxazole 82%, vancomycin 100%, fusidic acid 96%, cefixime 57%, and Azitromicin 78%.

T11519

503417-503717

Sentence

denotes

The susceptibility of S. aureus was to: penicillin 2%, ampicillin 15%, amoksicillin/clavulonic acid 67%, ceftazidime 66%, gentamicin 29%, tetracycline's 28%, erythromycin 61%, lincomycin 44%, ciprofloksacin 95%, cotrimoxazole 82%, vancomycin 100%, fusidic acid 96%, cefixime 57%, and Azitromicin 78%.

TextSentencer_T4306

503718-503729

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T82545

503718-503729

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4307

503730-503840

Sentence

denotes

In our study most frequently isolated bacteria from the wound swabs were staphylococci, especially S. aureus .

T78424

503730-503840

Sentence

denotes

In our study most frequently isolated bacteria from the wound swabs were staphylococci, especially S. aureus .

TextSentencer_T4308

503841-503919

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility, except for the penicillin (2%), was high to other antibiotics.

T57620

503841-503919

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility, except for the penicillin (2%), was high to other antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T4309

503920-503973

Sentence

denotes

The study went on from January 1999 to December 2000.

T91966

503920-503973

Sentence

denotes

The study went on from January 1999 to December 2000.

TextSentencer_T4310

503974-504055

Sentence

denotes

At Maribor Teaching Hospital, 2288 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected.

T70947

503974-504055

Sentence

denotes

At Maribor Teaching Hospital, 2288 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected.

TextSentencer_T4311

504056-504108

Sentence

denotes

In 1999, 114 (10%) and in 2000, 73 (6.4%) were MRSA.

T93185

504056-504108

Sentence

denotes

In 1999, 114 (10%) and in 2000, 73 (6.4%) were MRSA.

TextSentencer_T4312

504109-504209

Sentence

denotes

MRSA were recovered from routine clinical material and from surveillance swabs (nose, throat, skin).

T83218

504109-504209

Sentence

denotes

MRSA were recovered from routine clinical material and from surveillance swabs (nose, throat, skin).

TextSentencer_T4313

504210-504399

Sentence

denotes

For isolation, conventional culture media were used and for surveillance swabs MRSA-screening plate (manitol salt agar with 6% oxacillin) and Trypticase soy broth with 6.5% NaCl were added.

T82312

504210-504399

Sentence

denotes

For isolation, conventional culture media were used and for surveillance swabs MRSA-screening plate (manitol salt agar with 6% oxacillin) and Trypticase soy broth with 6.5% NaCl were added.

TextSentencer_T4314

504400-504469

Sentence

denotes

S. aureus was identified by catalase, DNA-se and tube-coagulase test.

T31211

504400-504469

Sentence

denotes

S. aureus was identified by catalase, DNA-se and tube-coagulase test.

TextSentencer_T4315

504470-504569

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk-diffusion method according to NCCI guidelines.

T67643

504470-504569

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk-diffusion method according to NCCI guidelines.

TextSentencer_T4316

504570-504778

Sentence

denotes

All 187 MRSA isolates were tested for sensitivity to the following antimicrobials: gentamicin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cotrimoxazol, vancomycin and clindamycin.

T3760

504570-504778

Sentence

denotes

All 187 MRSA isolates were tested for sensitivity to the following antimicrobials: gentamicin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cotrimoxazol, vancomycin and clindamycin.

TextSentencer_T4317

504779-504891

Sentence

denotes

It was found that all MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and partially or totally resistant to the rest.

T58662

504779-504891

Sentence

denotes

It was found that all MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and partially or totally resistant to the rest.

TextSentencer_T4318

504892-504960

Sentence

denotes

There were no important differences between the years 1999 and 2000.

T23275

504892-504960

Sentence

denotes

There were no important differences between the years 1999 and 2000.

TextSentencer_T4319

504961-505093

Sentence

denotes

Our MRSA isolates were completely (100%) susceptible to vancomycin, but resistant to the other antimicrobials in use to some extent.

T1449

504961-505093

Sentence

denotes

Our MRSA isolates were completely (100%) susceptible to vancomycin, but resistant to the other antimicrobials in use to some extent.

TextSentencer_T4320

505094-505379

Sentence

denotes

Although the monitoring of MRSA susceptibility to antimicrobials once a year did not show any important change in antimicrobial resistance, the periodical monitoring of MRSA susceptibility to antimicrobials and revaluation of current treatment regimens of MRSA infections is necessary.

T65369

505094-505379

Sentence

denotes

Although the monitoring of MRSA susceptibility to antimicrobials once a year did not show any important change in antimicrobial resistance, the periodical monitoring of MRSA susceptibility to antimicrobials and revaluation of current treatment regimens of MRSA infections is necessary.

TextSentencer_T4321

505380-505603

Sentence

denotes

Staphylococcus aureus strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin among clinical isolates in University hospital in Warsaw PM219 The VISA and especially h-VISA are very difficult to be found in the routine laboratory.

T38694

505380-505603

Sentence

denotes

Staphylococcus aureus strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin among clinical isolates in University hospital in Warsaw PM219 The VISA and especially h-VISA are very difficult to be found in the routine laboratory.

TextSentencer_T4322

505604-505740

Sentence

denotes

In our investigations we examined 1011 of S. aureus strains isolated and stored in our laboratory for several last years (1997 Á/2001) .

T2237

505604-505740

Sentence

denotes

In our investigations we examined 1011 of S. aureus strains isolated and stored in our laboratory for several last years (1997 Á/2001) .

TextSentencer_T4323

505741-505794

Sentence

denotes

Most strains were isolated in 2000, and some in 2001.

T783

505741-505794

Sentence

denotes

Most strains were isolated in 2000, and some in 2001.

TextSentencer_T4324

505795-505917

Sentence

denotes

For all staphylococcal strains MRSA as well as MSSA the MICs of vancomycin were performed by the standard dilution method.

T81790

505795-505917

Sentence

denotes

For all staphylococcal strains MRSA as well as MSSA the MICs of vancomycin were performed by the standard dilution method.

TextSentencer_T4325

505918-506021

Sentence

denotes

Among strains isolated in the last year three strains were recognized as VISA (MIC values were 8 mg/l).

T835

505918-506021

Sentence

denotes

Among strains isolated in the last year three strains were recognized as VISA (MIC values were 8 mg/l).

TextSentencer_T4326

506022-506053

Sentence

denotes

The frequency of VISA was 0.3%.

T13886

506022-506053

Sentence

denotes

The frequency of VISA was 0.3%.

TextSentencer_T4327

506054-506129

Sentence

denotes

In the aim of founding the h-VISA strains the population analysis was used.

T11816

506054-506129

Sentence

denotes

In the aim of founding the h-VISA strains the population analysis was used.

TextSentencer_T4328

506130-506245

Sentence

denotes

For this analysis all strains growing on the concentration 4 mg/l of vancomycin from the inoculum 10 6 were chosen.

T65456

506130-506245

Sentence

denotes

For this analysis all strains growing on the concentration 4 mg/l of vancomycin from the inoculum 10 6 were chosen.

TextSentencer_T4329

506246-506311

Sentence

denotes

It was 54 strains, but only 32 of them were recognized as h-VISA.

T5330

506246-506311

Sentence

denotes

It was 54 strains, but only 32 of them were recognized as h-VISA.

TextSentencer_T4330

506312-506376

Sentence

denotes

The frequency of h-VISA among investigated strains was about 3%.

T98651

506312-506376

Sentence

denotes

The frequency of h-VISA among investigated strains was about 3%.

TextSentencer_T4331

506377-506456

Sentence

denotes

Most but not all of the h-VISA and all VISA strains were methicillin resistant.

T54982

506377-506456

Sentence

denotes

Most but not all of the h-VISA and all VISA strains were methicillin resistant.

TextSentencer_T4332

506457-506632

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin and oxacillin against staphylococci isolated from patients of surgical intensive care unit PM220 Kucukates E, Karayel N, Kansiz E.

T73091

506457-506632

Sentence

denotes

In vitro activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin and oxacillin against staphylococci isolated from patients of surgical intensive care unit PM220 Kucukates E, Karayel N, Kansiz E.

TextSentencer_T4333

506633-506710

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Cardiology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey Objectives:

T40602

506633-506710

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Cardiology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey Objectives:

TextSentencer_T4334

506711-506811

Sentence

denotes

Oxacillin-resistant staphylococci have emerged as a major infection control problem in our hospital.

T89643

506711-506811

Sentence

denotes

Oxacillin-resistant staphylococci have emerged as a major infection control problem in our hospital.

TextSentencer_T4335

506812-506935

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin and oxacillin against staphylococci.

T10865

506812-506935

Sentence

denotes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin and oxacillin against staphylococci.

TextSentencer_T4336

506936-506957

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

T20805

506936-506957

Sentence

denotes

Material and methods:

TextSentencer_T4337

506958-507074

Sentence

denotes

This study was performed between January 2000 and December 2001, at University of Istanbul, Institute of Cardiology.

T16323

506958-507074

Sentence

denotes

This study was performed between January 2000 and December 2001, at University of Istanbul, Institute of Cardiology.

TextSentencer_T4338

507075-507246

Sentence

denotes

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 179 staphylococci isolates for vancomycin, teicoplanin and oxacillin have been investigated by E -test according to NCCLS guidelines.

T14309

507075-507246

Sentence

denotes

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 179 staphylococci isolates for vancomycin, teicoplanin and oxacillin have been investigated by E -test according to NCCLS guidelines.

TextSentencer_T4339

507247-507255

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T80471

507247-507255

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4340

507256-507329

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-five (30.73%) of 179 clinical isolates were Staphylococcus aureus .

T99460

507256-507329

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-five (30.73%) of 179 clinical isolates were Staphylococcus aureus .

TextSentencer_T4341

507330-507436

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and twenty-four (69.27%) of 179 clinical isolates were coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS).

T61469

507330-507436

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and twenty-four (69.27%) of 179 clinical isolates were coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS).

TextSentencer_T4342

507437-507501

Sentence

denotes

None of 179 staphylococci isolates were resistant to vancomycin.

T80851

507437-507501

Sentence

denotes

None of 179 staphylococci isolates were resistant to vancomycin.

TextSentencer_T4343

507502-507600

Sentence

denotes

But three of CNS isolates were intermediate and six of CNS isolates were resistant to teicoplanin.

T81874

507502-507600

Sentence

denotes

But three of CNS isolates were intermediate and six of CNS isolates were resistant to teicoplanin.

TextSentencer_T4344

507601-507666

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-eight (50.9%) of 55 S. aureus were resistant to oxacillin.

T8343

507601-507666

Sentence

denotes

Twenty-eight (50.9%) of 55 S. aureus were resistant to oxacillin.

TextSentencer_T4345

507667-507738

Sentence

denotes

Ninety (72.60%) of 124 CNS isolates were also resistant to methicillin.

T54948

507667-507738

Sentence

denotes

Ninety (72.60%) of 124 CNS isolates were also resistant to methicillin.

TextSentencer_T4346

507739-507751

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T21452

507739-507751

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T4347

507752-507845

Sentence

denotes

Nosocomial staphylococcal infections, especially in intensive care units increase day by day.

T15611

507752-507845

Sentence

denotes

Nosocomial staphylococcal infections, especially in intensive care units increase day by day.

TextSentencer_T4348

507846-507910

Sentence

denotes

Staphylococcal infections are a major problem in many hospitals.

T64366

507846-507910

Sentence

denotes

Staphylococcal infections are a major problem in many hospitals.

TextSentencer_T4349

507911-508030

Sentence

denotes

According to our experiences the rate of oxacillin resistant staphylococci isolates in our hospital has also increased.

T45081

507911-508030

Sentence

denotes

According to our experiences the rate of oxacillin resistant staphylococci isolates in our hospital has also increased.

TextSentencer_T4350

508031-508224

Sentence

denotes

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a clinically significant pathogen because MRSA is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics and causes nosocomial infections around the world.

T91141

508031-508224

Sentence

denotes

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a clinically significant pathogen because MRSA is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics and causes nosocomial infections around the world.

TextSentencer_T4351

508225-508287

Sentence

denotes

The antiseptics are used for prevention of infections by MRSA.

T60734

508225-508287

Sentence

denotes

The antiseptics are used for prevention of infections by MRSA.

TextSentencer_T4352

508288-508364

Sentence

denotes

Antisepticresistant MRSA strains have been isolated from clinical specimens.

T31948

508288-508364

Sentence

denotes

Antisepticresistant MRSA strains have been isolated from clinical specimens.

TextSentencer_T4353

508365-508519

Sentence

denotes

Antiseptic resistance genes confer resistance to many kinds of drugs structurally and the resistance mechanism is the energy-dependent drug efflux system.

T47356

508365-508519

Sentence

denotes

Antiseptic resistance genes confer resistance to many kinds of drugs structurally and the resistance mechanism is the energy-dependent drug efflux system.

TextSentencer_T4354

508520-508635

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistance gene, norA , confers also resistance to many kinds of antiseptics.

T52682

508520-508635

Sentence

denotes

In addition, the fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistance gene, norA , confers also resistance to many kinds of antiseptics.

TextSentencer_T4355

508636-508739

Sentence

denotes

We studied the relation of the susceptibility to antiseptics and FQs of MRSA strains isolated in Japan.

T53840

508636-508739

Sentence

denotes

We studied the relation of the susceptibility to antiseptics and FQs of MRSA strains isolated in Japan.

TextSentencer_T4356

508740-508830

Sentence

denotes

A total of 420 strains of MRSA were isolated from 14 hospitals in Japan from 1998 to 1999.

T19561

508740-508830

Sentence

denotes

A total of 420 strains of MRSA were isolated from 14 hospitals in Japan from 1998 to 1999.

TextSentencer_T4357

508831-508961

Sentence

denotes

Acriflavin (AF), acrinol, benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate were used as the antiseptics.

T85585

508831-508961

Sentence

denotes

Acriflavin (AF), acrinol, benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate were used as the antiseptics.

TextSentencer_T4358

508962-509025

Sentence

denotes

Norfloxacin and sparfloxacin were also used in this experiment.

T74135

508962-509025

Sentence

denotes

Norfloxacin and sparfloxacin were also used in this experiment.

TextSentencer_T4359

509026-509108

Sentence

denotes

The MIC was determined by agar double-dilution method as recommended by the NCCLS.

T49475

509026-509108

Sentence

denotes

The MIC was determined by agar double-dilution method as recommended by the NCCLS.

TextSentencer_T4360

509109-509169

Sentence

denotes

About 65% of MRSA showed resistance to AF (MIC: !/64 ug/ml).

T56295

509109-509169

Sentence

denotes

About 65% of MRSA showed resistance to AF (MIC: !/64 ug/ml).

TextSentencer_T4361

509170-509219

Sentence

denotes

No strain was resistant to a specific antiseptic.

T77467

509170-509219

Sentence

denotes

No strain was resistant to a specific antiseptic.

TextSentencer_T4362

509220-509279

Sentence

denotes

FQ-susceptible strains were susceptible to all antiseptics.

T65909

509220-509279

Sentence

denotes

FQ-susceptible strains were susceptible to all antiseptics.

TextSentencer_T4363

509280-509369

Sentence

denotes

This study showed that antiseptic-resistant MRSA are widely spread at hospitals in Japan.

T13946

509280-509369

Sentence

denotes

This study showed that antiseptic-resistant MRSA are widely spread at hospitals in Japan.

TextSentencer_T4364

509370-509529

Sentence

denotes

The drug of choice in treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA was still vancomycin, however sometimes failures were observed, especially in monotherapy.

T98334

509370-509529

Sentence

denotes

The drug of choice in treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA was still vancomycin, however sometimes failures were observed, especially in monotherapy.

TextSentencer_T4365

509530-509638

Sentence

denotes

Some conflicting are present in literature about an effect of combined action of vancomycin and betalactams.

T54087

509530-509638

Sentence

denotes

Some conflicting are present in literature about an effect of combined action of vancomycin and betalactams.

TextSentencer_T4366

509639-509766

Sentence

denotes

In the present work, the common effect of vancomycin and methicillin against chosen Staphylococcus aureus strains was examined.

T52337

509639-509766

Sentence

denotes

In the present work, the common effect of vancomycin and methicillin against chosen Staphylococcus aureus strains was examined.

TextSentencer_T4367

509767-509882

Sentence

denotes

The investigated strains were characterized as VISA, h-VISA and clones obtained from h-VISA in population analysis.

T51816

509767-509882

Sentence

denotes

The investigated strains were characterized as VISA, h-VISA and clones obtained from h-VISA in population analysis.

TextSentencer_T4368

509883-509910

Sentence

denotes

Two methods were performed:

T58793

509883-509910

Sentence

denotes

Two methods were performed:

TextSentencer_T4369

509911-510097

Sentence

denotes

E -tests with methicillin and vancomycin placed on the media supplemented with the second antibiotic and the chessboard micro-analysis with increasing concentrations of both antibiotics.

T53716

509911-510097

Sentence

denotes

E -tests with methicillin and vancomycin placed on the media supplemented with the second antibiotic and the chessboard micro-analysis with increasing concentrations of both antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T4370

510098-510175

Sentence

denotes

The FIC indexes were calculated for different combinations of concentrations.

T31489

510098-510175

Sentence

denotes

The FIC indexes were calculated for different combinations of concentrations.

TextSentencer_T4371

510176-510376

Sentence

denotes

On the basis of the FIC indexes it was shown that the simultaneous action of vancomycin and methicillin was synergistic in all examined strains VISA and h-VISA, but only in appropriate concentrations.

T43345

510176-510376

Sentence

denotes

On the basis of the FIC indexes it was shown that the simultaneous action of vancomycin and methicillin was synergistic in all examined strains VISA and h-VISA, but only in appropriate concentrations.

TextSentencer_T4372

510377-510452

Sentence

denotes

In different combinations the observed effect was addition or indifference.

T1113

510377-510452

Sentence

denotes

In different combinations the observed effect was addition or indifference.

TextSentencer_T4373

510453-510483

Sentence

denotes

Antagonism was never observed.

T13796

510453-510483

Sentence

denotes

Antagonism was never observed.

TextSentencer_T4374

510484-510590

Sentence

denotes

The synergistic effect was not observed in the case of standard S. aureus strain sensitive to methicillin.

T46943

510484-510590

Sentence

denotes

The synergistic effect was not observed in the case of standard S. aureus strain sensitive to methicillin.

TextSentencer_T4375

510591-510676

Sentence

denotes

Supplementation of media with 4% of NaCl substantially decreased the observed effect.

T48478

510591-510676

Sentence

denotes

Supplementation of media with 4% of NaCl substantially decreased the observed effect.

TextSentencer_T4376

510677-510870

Sentence

denotes

Incidence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains in Hungary with special reference to MRSA PM224 Ghidán Á , Maró di C, Csukás Z, Kamotsay K, Szabó D, Ostorházi E, Rozgonyi F.

T33125

510677-510870

Sentence

denotes

Incidence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains in Hungary with special reference to MRSA PM224 Ghidán Á , Maró di C, Csukás Z, Kamotsay K, Szabó D, Ostorházi E, Rozgonyi F.

TextSentencer_T4377

510871-510946

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

T10515

510871-510946

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

TextSentencer_T4378

510947-511179

Sentence

denotes

Between January 1997 and December 2000, a total of 3109 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients admitted to the clinics of the Semmelweis University were examined for antibiotic sensitivity with the disc diffusion test.

T20192

510947-511179

Sentence

denotes

Between January 1997 and December 2000, a total of 3109 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients admitted to the clinics of the Semmelweis University were examined for antibiotic sensitivity with the disc diffusion test.

TextSentencer_T4379

511180-511469

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to individual antimicrobials were as follows: penicillin 84%, oxacillin 25%, erythromycin 31%, ciprofloxacin 15%, amikacin 12%, netilmicin 8%, tobramycin 10%, gentamicin 20%, clindamycin 22%, mupirocin 4%, tetracyclines 34%, chloramphenicol 9%, teicoplanin 2% and vancomycin 0%.

T11160

511180-511469

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to individual antimicrobials were as follows: penicillin 84%, oxacillin 25%, erythromycin 31%, ciprofloxacin 15%, amikacin 12%, netilmicin 8%, tobramycin 10%, gentamicin 20%, clindamycin 22%, mupirocin 4%, tetracyclines 34%, chloramphenicol 9%, teicoplanin 2% and vancomycin 0%.

TextSentencer_T4380

511470-511505

Sentence

denotes

All MRSA were b-lactamase producer.

T10492

511470-511505

Sentence

denotes

All MRSA were b-lactamase producer.

TextSentencer_T4381

511506-511627

Sentence

denotes

They showed coresistance to erythromycin (53%), ciproflxacin (36%), amikacin (29%), netilmicin (23%) and mupirocin (10%).

T30630

511506-511627

Sentence

denotes

They showed coresistance to erythromycin (53%), ciproflxacin (36%), amikacin (29%), netilmicin (23%) and mupirocin (10%).

TextSentencer_T4382

511628-511722

Sentence

denotes

Multiple resistant MRSA strains to mupirocin'/tetracyclines'/chloramphenicol amounted to 0.9%.

T69893

511628-511722

Sentence

denotes

Multiple resistant MRSA strains to mupirocin'/tetracyclines'/chloramphenicol amounted to 0.9%.

TextSentencer_T4383

511723-511789

Sentence

denotes

Triple resistance to oxacillin'/ciprofloxacin'/netilmicin was 14%.

T91237

511723-511789

Sentence

denotes

Triple resistance to oxacillin'/ciprofloxacin'/netilmicin was 14%.

TextSentencer_T4384

511790-512130

Sentence

denotes

The detection of mecA gene by PCR in randomly chosen MRSA qualified with 1 mg oxacillin disc resulted in only 15% mecA positivity indicating that the traditional disc diffusion test overestimates the frequency of MRSA strains particularly in such an environment where the usage of penicillins and cephalosporins is so liberal as in Hungary.

T98692

511790-512130

Sentence

denotes

The detection of mecA gene by PCR in randomly chosen MRSA qualified with 1 mg oxacillin disc resulted in only 15% mecA positivity indicating that the traditional disc diffusion test overestimates the frequency of MRSA strains particularly in such an environment where the usage of penicillins and cephalosporins is so liberal as in Hungary.

TextSentencer_T4385

512131-512235

Sentence

denotes

Consequently, the selective pressure for blactam-resistance and b-lactamase induction exists everywhere.

T98255

512131-512235

Sentence

denotes

Consequently, the selective pressure for blactam-resistance and b-lactamase induction exists everywhere.

TextSentencer_T4386

512236-512419

Sentence

denotes

This conclusion is coherent with the relatively low frequency of multiple resistant MRSA strains and urge the need of a routinely available genetic method to apply for MRSA detection.

T79710

512236-512419

Sentence

denotes

This conclusion is coherent with the relatively low frequency of multiple resistant MRSA strains and urge the need of a routinely available genetic method to apply for MRSA detection.

TextSentencer_T4387

512420-512431

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T98955

512420-512431

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T4388

512432-512639

Sentence

denotes

The main objectives of this study were to monitor antibiotic resistance, identify new/emerging resistance mechanisms at an early stage, prevent their dissemination, early detection and prevent the outbreaks.

T59260

512432-512639

Sentence

denotes

The main objectives of this study were to monitor antibiotic resistance, identify new/emerging resistance mechanisms at an early stage, prevent their dissemination, early detection and prevent the outbreaks.

TextSentencer_T4389

512640-512648

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T95658

512640-512648

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T4390

512649-512731

Sentence

denotes

Our laboratory used antibiotic disc sensitivity testing methodology (NCCLS 1993) .

T27193

512649-512731

Sentence

denotes

Our laboratory used antibiotic disc sensitivity testing methodology (NCCLS 1993) .

TextSentencer_T4391

512732-512813

Sentence

denotes

Zone sizes were measured objectively using a BIOMIC automated radius zone reader.

T59981

512732-512813

Sentence

denotes

Zone sizes were measured objectively using a BIOMIC automated radius zone reader.

TextSentencer_T4392

512814-512822

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T45275

512814-512822

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4393

512823-513139

Sentence

denotes

Throughout 2 years (January 1999 till December 2000) we have surveyed 3190 organisms collected from Outpatient Departments (1145, 35.8%), Radio-Oncology Department (992, 31.1%), Medical Department (765, 23.9%), OBG Department (217, 6.8%), Surgical-Oncology Non ICU Department (207, 6.5%), ICU Department (175, 5.5%).

T30049

512823-513139

Sentence

denotes

Throughout 2 years (January 1999 till December 2000) we have surveyed 3190 organisms collected from Outpatient Departments (1145, 35.8%), Radio-Oncology Department (992, 31.1%), Medical Department (765, 23.9%), OBG Department (217, 6.8%), Surgical-Oncology Non ICU Department (207, 6.5%), ICU Department (175, 5.5%).

TextSentencer_T4394

513140-513287

Sentence

denotes

From 1543 (100%) strains of Enterobacteriaceae 68 (4.4%) were resistant to 4th generation fluoroquinolone and 44 (2.9%) strains were ESBL positive.

T9224

513140-513287

Sentence

denotes

From 1543 (100%) strains of Enterobacteriaceae 68 (4.4%) were resistant to 4th generation fluoroquinolone and 44 (2.9%) strains were ESBL positive.

TextSentencer_T4395

513288-513398

Sentence

denotes

From 416 (100%) strains of Staphylococcus aureus were only five (1.2%) strains resistant to methicilin (MRSA).

T59361

513288-513398

Sentence

denotes

From 416 (100%) strains of Staphylococcus aureus were only five (1.2%) strains resistant to methicilin (MRSA).

TextSentencer_T4396

513399-513512

Sentence

denotes

We collected 370 (100%) strains of enterococci, whereabout only two (0.5%) were resistant to glycopeptides (VRE).

T29224

513399-513512

Sentence

denotes

We collected 370 (100%) strains of enterococci, whereabout only two (0.5%) were resistant to glycopeptides (VRE).

TextSentencer_T4397

513513-513610

Sentence

denotes

From 235 (100%) strains of Pesudomonas aeruginosa , 97 (41.2%) were resistant to aminoglycosides.

T72221

513513-513610

Sentence

denotes

From 235 (100%) strains of Pesudomonas aeruginosa , 97 (41.2%) were resistant to aminoglycosides.

TextSentencer_T4398

513611-513623

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T43547

513611-513623

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T4399

513624-513927

Sentence

denotes

National restrictive antibiotic policy hand in hand with local hospital antibiotic policy and regular rotation of antibiotics used in prevention and treatment on all departments is leading in our case in positive situation in antibiotic resistance in comparing with other Slovakian and European centers.

T24262

513624-513927

Sentence

denotes

National restrictive antibiotic policy hand in hand with local hospital antibiotic policy and regular rotation of antibiotics used in prevention and treatment on all departments is leading in our case in positive situation in antibiotic resistance in comparing with other Slovakian and European centers.

TextSentencer_T4400

513928-514005

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial strains of Staphylococcus aureus PM226

T44709

513928-514005

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial strains of Staphylococcus aureus PM226

TextSentencer_T4401

514006-514064

Sentence

denotes

Dekhnich AV, Stratchounski LS, Edelstain IA, Narezkina AD.

T88835

514006-514064

Sentence

denotes

Dekhnich AV, Stratchounski LS, Edelstain IA, Narezkina AD.

TextSentencer_T4402

514065-514134

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk, Russian Federation

T92637

514065-514134

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk, Russian Federation

TextSentencer_T4403

514135-514143

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

T13728

514135-514143

Sentence

denotes

Purpose:

TextSentencer_T4404

514144-514271

Sentence

denotes

To determine the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus causing nosocomial infections in Smolensk Regional Hospital.

T83215

514144-514271

Sentence

denotes

To determine the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus causing nosocomial infections in Smolensk Regional Hospital.

TextSentencer_T4405

514272-514280

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T16321

514272-514280

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4406

514281-514355

Sentence

denotes

A total of 140 S. aureus strains isolated during 2000 Á/2001 were studied.

T33613

514281-514355

Sentence

denotes

A total of 140 S. aureus strains isolated during 2000 Á/2001 were studied.

TextSentencer_T4407

514356-514682

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobials tested included oxacillin (OXA), erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin (CLI), gentamicin (GEN), vancomycin (VAN), linezolid (LNZ), tetracycline (TET), chloramphenicol (CHL), rifampicin (RIF), fusidic acid (FUS), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TS), ciprofloxacin (CIP), mupirocin (MUP), quinupristin/dalfopristin (QD).

T8243

514356-514682

Sentence

denotes

Antimicrobials tested included oxacillin (OXA), erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin (CLI), gentamicin (GEN), vancomycin (VAN), linezolid (LNZ), tetracycline (TET), chloramphenicol (CHL), rifampicin (RIF), fusidic acid (FUS), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TS), ciprofloxacin (CIP), mupirocin (MUP), quinupristin/dalfopristin (QD).

TextSentencer_T4408

514683-514808

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing and its interpretation were performed by agar dilution according to NCCLS guidelines where applicable.

T98756

514683-514808

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility testing and its interpretation were performed by agar dilution according to NCCLS guidelines where applicable.

TextSentencer_T4409

514809-514850

Sentence

denotes

Results are presented in the Conclusions:

T89075

514809-514850

Sentence

denotes

Results are presented in the Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T4410

514851-515001

Sentence

denotes

The most active antimicrobials were vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, followed by co-trimoxazole, rifampicin.

T76793

514851-515001

Sentence

denotes

The most active antimicrobials were vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, followed by co-trimoxazole, rifampicin.

TextSentencer_T4411

515002-515148

Sentence

denotes

Beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamydes, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol should not be used for the treatment of nosocomial S. aureus infections.

T66579

515002-515148

Sentence

denotes

Beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamydes, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol should not be used for the treatment of nosocomial S. aureus infections.

TextSentencer_T4412

515149-515315

Sentence

denotes

We investigated all staphylococcal infections within 2 years among 246 neonates hospitalized for infection in the neonatal ICU in a tertiary neonatal referral center.

T72601

515149-515315

Sentence

denotes

We investigated all staphylococcal infections within 2 years among 246 neonates hospitalized for infection in the neonatal ICU in a tertiary neonatal referral center.

TextSentencer_T4413

515316-515457

Sentence

denotes

Univariate analysis, to assess risk factors for neonates infected with Staphylococcus aureus (121) vs. without S. aureus (125) was performed.

T68467

515316-515457

Sentence

denotes

Univariate analysis, to assess risk factors for neonates infected with Staphylococcus aureus (121) vs. without S. aureus (125) was performed.

TextSentencer_T4414

515458-515735

Sentence

denotes

From the total number of 246 cases, in 121 cases S. aureus was isolated from various samples; in 16 cases from blood cultures, in 36 cases from urine, in 18 cases from eye swabs and in 29 cases from gastric content (no significant differences in comparison with control group).

T79737

515458-515735

Sentence

denotes

From the total number of 246 cases, in 121 cases S. aureus was isolated from various samples; in 16 cases from blood cultures, in 36 cases from urine, in 18 cases from eye swabs and in 29 cases from gastric content (no significant differences in comparison with control group).

TextSentencer_T4415

515736-515972

Sentence

denotes

Colonization with S. aureus , was a predictor of infection: nasal swabs, throat swabs, ear swabs, skin swabs and umbilical swabs were significantly more commonly observed in neonates infected with S. aureus , than with other infections.

T81445

515736-515972

Sentence

denotes

Colonization with S. aureus , was a predictor of infection: nasal swabs, throat swabs, ear swabs, skin swabs and umbilical swabs were significantly more commonly observed in neonates infected with S. aureus , than with other infections.

TextSentencer_T4416

515973-516187

Sentence

denotes

Etiological analysis showed that co-pathogens Escherichia coli and viridans streptococci were significantly more frequently associated with neonatal infection caused by S. aureus , in comparison to other organisms.

T18327

515973-516187

Sentence

denotes

Etiological analysis showed that co-pathogens Escherichia coli and viridans streptococci were significantly more frequently associated with neonatal infection caused by S. aureus , in comparison to other organisms.

TextSentencer_T4417

516188-516318

Sentence

denotes

According to localization of infection site, conjunctivitis and thrush stomatitis was the commonest S. aureus neonatal infections.

T78970

516188-516318

Sentence

denotes

According to localization of infection site, conjunctivitis and thrush stomatitis was the commonest S. aureus neonatal infections.

TextSentencer_T4418

516319-516419

Sentence

denotes

Outcome was similar to other infections and without any significant differences between both groups.

T2525

516319-516419

Sentence

denotes

Outcome was similar to other infections and without any significant differences between both groups.

TextSentencer_T4419

516420-516604

Sentence

denotes

Mortality was similar to other infections, probably because: initial therapy in our centre contains an antistaphylococcaly active agent (cefuroxime or cefotaxime plus aminoglycosides).

T99795

516420-516604

Sentence

denotes

Mortality was similar to other infections, probably because: initial therapy in our centre contains an antistaphylococcaly active agent (cefuroxime or cefotaxime plus aminoglycosides).

TextSentencer_T4420

516605-516628

Sentence

denotes

Morozova OT, Semina NA.

T49285

516605-516628

Sentence

denotes

Morozova OT, Semina NA.

TextSentencer_T4421

516629-516734

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory of Hospital Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russian Federation

T83564

516629-516734

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory of Hospital Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russian Federation

TextSentencer_T4422

516735-516932

Sentence

denotes

Purpose is to study the role of Enterococcus spp. in the aetiology of nosocomial infections among the patients of the childrens clinical hospital and susceptibility of these strains to antibiotics.

T71808

516735-516932

Sentence

denotes

Purpose is to study the role of Enterococcus spp. in the aetiology of nosocomial infections among the patients of the childrens clinical hospital and susceptibility of these strains to antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T4423

516933-516941

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

T7673

516933-516941

Sentence

denotes

Methods:

TextSentencer_T4424

516942-517040

Sentence

denotes

The strains of enterococci were isolated from 66 patients with hospital infections in 2000 Á/2001.

T30423

516942-517040

Sentence

denotes

The strains of enterococci were isolated from 66 patients with hospital infections in 2000 Á/2001.

TextSentencer_T4425

517041-517049

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T65528

517041-517049

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4426

517050-517384

Sentence

denotes

The aetiological structure of Enterococcus -infections showed the predominance of skin and soft tissue infections (39.4%), urinary tract infections (33.3%), bloodstream infection (10.6%), pneumoniae (4.5%), infection of central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, eye, surgical wound infections were of rare incidence (3 Á/ 1.5%).

T81101

517050-517384

Sentence

denotes

The aetiological structure of Enterococcus -infections showed the predominance of skin and soft tissue infections (39.4%), urinary tract infections (33.3%), bloodstream infection (10.6%), pneumoniae (4.5%), infection of central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, eye, surgical wound infections were of rare incidence (3 Á/ 1.5%).

TextSentencer_T4427

517385-517493

Sentence

denotes

Various nosological forms of infections were caused more often by E. faecalis than E. faecium (72.7, 27.3%).

T46552

517385-517493

Sentence

denotes

Various nosological forms of infections were caused more often by E. faecalis than E. faecium (72.7, 27.3%).

TextSentencer_T4428

517494-517660

Sentence

denotes

The antibiotic resistance to ampicillin and other beta-lactams occured in 100% of E. faecium isolates, but all strains of E. faecalis were susceptible to these drugs.

T83384

517494-517660

Sentence

denotes

The antibiotic resistance to ampicillin and other beta-lactams occured in 100% of E. faecium isolates, but all strains of E. faecalis were susceptible to these drugs.

TextSentencer_T4429

517661-517843

Sentence

denotes

High-level gentamicin resistance demonstrated E. faecalis isolates */ 29.0%, E. faecium */100%; and high-level streptomycin resistance showed E. faecalis */67.7%, E. faecium */88.8%.

T79858

517661-517843

Sentence

denotes

High-level gentamicin resistance demonstrated E. faecalis isolates */ 29.0%, E. faecium */100%; and high-level streptomycin resistance showed E. faecalis */67.7%, E. faecium */88.8%.

TextSentencer_T4430

517844-517941

Sentence

denotes

All the E. faecalis were active against fluoroquinolones, but E. faecium were resistant in 22.0%.

T73188

517844-517941

Sentence

denotes

All the E. faecalis were active against fluoroquinolones, but E. faecium were resistant in 22.0%.

TextSentencer_T4431

517942-517989

Sentence

denotes

There were no vancomycin resistant enterococci.

T30463

517942-517989

Sentence

denotes

There were no vancomycin resistant enterococci.

TextSentencer_T4432

517990-518106

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: E. faecalis predominated in the aetiological structure of nosocomial infections due to Enterococcus spp.

T39657

517990-518106

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: E. faecalis predominated in the aetiological structure of nosocomial infections due to Enterococcus spp.

TextSentencer_T4433

518107-518231

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic resistance patterns for two species of enterococci were different, all the strans were susceptible to vancomycin.

T30741

518107-518231

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic resistance patterns for two species of enterococci were different, all the strans were susceptible to vancomycin.

TextSentencer_T4434

518232-518333

Sentence

denotes

Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. experience of 6 years (1996 Á/2001) PM229

T13170

518232-518333

Sentence

denotes

Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. experience of 6 years (1996 Á/2001) PM229

TextSentencer_T4435

518334-518423

Sentence

denotes

Lopez-Barba J, Jesus de la Calle I, Solino-Ocañ a I, Rodríguez-Iglesias M, Perez-Ramos S.

T7120

518334-518423

Sentence

denotes

Lopez-Barba J, Jesus de la Calle I, Solino-Ocañ a I, Rodríguez-Iglesias M, Perez-Ramos S.

TextSentencer_T4436

518424-518505

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology Laboratory, Puerto Real University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain Objective:

T62488

518424-518505

Sentence

denotes

Microbiology Laboratory, Puerto Real University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain Objective:

TextSentencer_T4437

518506-518739

Sentence

denotes

Determination of quantitative changes in antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus isolated from clinically significant not urinary samples of patients remitted to the Laboratory of Microbiology during a 6 years period (1996 Á/2001) .

T65436

518506-518739

Sentence

denotes

Determination of quantitative changes in antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus isolated from clinically significant not urinary samples of patients remitted to the Laboratory of Microbiology during a 6 years period (1996 Á/2001) .

TextSentencer_T4438

518740-518749

Sentence

denotes

Material:

T93024

518740-518749

Sentence

denotes

Material:

TextSentencer_T4439

518750-518810

Sentence

denotes

The period of the study was COMPRISED between 1996 and 2001.

T42524

518750-518810

Sentence

denotes

The period of the study was COMPRISED between 1996 and 2001.

TextSentencer_T4440

518811-518907

Sentence

denotes

The samples has been processed for the isolation of Enterococcus following conventional methods.

T53197

518811-518907

Sentence

denotes

The samples has been processed for the isolation of Enterococcus following conventional methods.

TextSentencer_T4441

518908-518947

Sentence

denotes

Were isolated 3424 enterococci strains.

T98033

518908-518947

Sentence

denotes

Were isolated 3424 enterococci strains.

TextSentencer_T4442

518948-519095

Sentence

denotes

The identification and susceptibility to antibiotics have been performed in automated system MicroScan(c) Dade-Behring(c) through panels Combo CGP.

T90980

518948-519095

Sentence

denotes

The identification and susceptibility to antibiotics have been performed in automated system MicroScan(c) Dade-Behring(c) through panels Combo CGP.

TextSentencer_T4443

519096-519168

Sentence

denotes

The data were processed by the statistical system Statgraphics Plus 4.1.

T57043

519096-519168

Sentence

denotes

The data were processed by the statistical system Statgraphics Plus 4.1.

TextSentencer_T4444

519169-519177

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T49856

519169-519177

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4445

519178-519263

Sentence

denotes

Of the 3424 Enterococcus , have been identified 3298 E. faecalis and 126 E. faecium .

T88172

519178-519263

Sentence

denotes

Of the 3424 Enterococcus , have been identified 3298 E. faecalis and 126 E. faecium .

TextSentencer_T4446

519264-519300

Sentence

denotes

The resistance is shown in Table 1 .

T78304

519264-519300

Sentence

denotes

The resistance is shown in Table 1 .

TextSentencer_T4447

519301-519313

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T61134

519301-519313

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T4448

519314-519396

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to Va and Tei of E. faecalis remains through last 4 years (2 Á/3%).

T537

519314-519396

Sentence

denotes

The resistance to Va and Tei of E. faecalis remains through last 4 years (2 Á/3%).

TextSentencer_T4449

519397-519663

Sentence

denotes

The high resistance to erythromycin and tetracilin ( !/70%) and the resistance (30 Á/31%) to quinolones, antibiotics all of them used in community-acquired infections justify the susceptibility testing to the clinical strains isolated of this group of microorganism.

T54457

519397-519663

Sentence

denotes

The high resistance to erythromycin and tetracilin ( !/70%) and the resistance (30 Á/31%) to quinolones, antibiotics all of them used in community-acquired infections justify the susceptibility testing to the clinical strains isolated of this group of microorganism.

TextSentencer_T4450

519664-519786

Sentence

denotes

In E. faecium the antimicrobial resistances was high and increasingly to imipenem, meropenem, erythromycin and quinolones.

T53490

519664-519786

Sentence

denotes

In E. faecium the antimicrobial resistances was high and increasingly to imipenem, meropenem, erythromycin and quinolones.

TextSentencer_T4451

519787-519866

Sentence

denotes

Characteristics of strains E. faecium colonizing the neutropenic patients PM230

T78456

519787-519866

Sentence

denotes

Characteristics of strains E. faecium colonizing the neutropenic patients PM230

TextSentencer_T4452

519867-519911

Sentence

denotes

Abbassi MS, Achour W, Gréco A, Ben Hassen A.

T46550

519867-519911

Sentence

denotes

Abbassi MS, Achour W, Gréco A, Ben Hassen A.

TextSentencer_T4453

519912-519971

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory of Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis, Tunisia

T24388

519912-519971

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory of Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis, Tunisia

TextSentencer_T4454

519972-520086

Sentence

denotes

Digestive colonization by Enterococcus faecium in the neutropenic patients under gut decontamination is important.

T2122

519972-520086

Sentence

denotes

Digestive colonization by Enterococcus faecium in the neutropenic patients under gut decontamination is important.

TextSentencer_T4455

520087-520639

Sentence

denotes

Seventeen multiresistant strains of E. faecium isolated from stools of seven neutropenic patients were the target of an epidemiological analysis through the determination of the MICs of amoxicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, the transferability gentamicin resistance to the recipient strain E. faecalis JH2-2 by filter-mating assay, analysis of plasmid profiles of E. faecium -strain and of transconjugants and the amplification by PCR of the gene aac(6?)-aph(2??) coding for the bifunctional enzyme by using primer M13771 who gives a fragment of 174 kb.

T89768

520087-520639

Sentence

denotes

Seventeen multiresistant strains of E. faecium isolated from stools of seven neutropenic patients were the target of an epidemiological analysis through the determination of the MICs of amoxicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, the transferability gentamicin resistance to the recipient strain E. faecalis JH2-2 by filter-mating assay, analysis of plasmid profiles of E. faecium -strain and of transconjugants and the amplification by PCR of the gene aac(6?)-aph(2??) coding for the bifunctional enzyme by using primer M13771 who gives a fragment of 174 kb.

TextSentencer_T4456

520640-520740

Sentence

denotes

Among the seventeen strains, eleven had the same antibiotype A1, 12 had a gentamicin MIC!/4096 mg/l.

T45458

520640-520740

Sentence

denotes

Among the seventeen strains, eleven had the same antibiotype A1, 12 had a gentamicin MIC!/4096 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T4457

520741-520786

Sentence

denotes

The MIC90 of the amoxicillin was of 128 mg/l.

T82228

520741-520786

Sentence

denotes

The MIC90 of the amoxicillin was of 128 mg/l.

TextSentencer_T4458

520787-520832

Sentence

denotes

All the strains were sensitive to vancomycin.

T23111

520787-520832

Sentence

denotes

All the strains were sensitive to vancomycin.

TextSentencer_T4459

520833-520963

Sentence

denotes

Ten strains harbored a plasmid of 70 kb transfered at a frequency of 6.10 Á/5, also found in gentamicin-resistant transconjugants.

T32078

520833-520963

Sentence

denotes

Ten strains harbored a plasmid of 70 kb transfered at a frequency of 6.10 Á/5, also found in gentamicin-resistant transconjugants.

TextSentencer_T4460

520964-521028

Sentence

denotes

However, strains belong to nine distinguished plasmids profiles.

T14814

520964-521028

Sentence

denotes

However, strains belong to nine distinguished plasmids profiles.

TextSentencer_T4461

521029-521136

Sentence

denotes

All high-level gentamicin resistant-strains had a positive PCR amplification of the aac (6?)-aph (2ƒ) gene.

T13389

521029-521136

Sentence

denotes

All high-level gentamicin resistant-strains had a positive PCR amplification of the aac (6?)-aph (2ƒ) gene.

TextSentencer_T4462

521137-521282

Sentence

denotes

The features of the studied strains establish their endogen origin, specific for every patient, sharing only high-level resistance to gentamicin.

T56265

521137-521282

Sentence

denotes

The features of the studied strains establish their endogen origin, specific for every patient, sharing only high-level resistance to gentamicin.

TextSentencer_T4463

521283-521443

Sentence

denotes

Gut decontamination treatment with gentamicin enhance either the spread and the preservation of easy-transferable plasmid carrying genetic transposable element.

T94907

521283-521443

Sentence

denotes

Gut decontamination treatment with gentamicin enhance either the spread and the preservation of easy-transferable plasmid carrying genetic transposable element.

TextSentencer_T4464

521444-521604

Sentence

denotes

Frequency and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from patients suffering infectious complications following the implantation of prosthetic devices PM231

T58373

521444-521604

Sentence

denotes

Frequency and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from patients suffering infectious complications following the implantation of prosthetic devices PM231

TextSentencer_T4465

521605-521628

Sentence

denotes

Kristó f K, Rozgonyi F.

T4151

521605-521628

Sentence

denotes

Kristó f K, Rozgonyi F.

TextSentencer_T4466

521629-521704

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

T97417

521629-521704

Sentence

denotes

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

TextSentencer_T4467

521705-521899

Sentence

denotes

For patients with indwelling joint prosthesis, early recognition and prompt therapy for infection in any location may be critical to reduce the risk of seeding the joint implant heamatogenously.

T34108

521705-521899

Sentence

denotes

For patients with indwelling joint prosthesis, early recognition and prompt therapy for infection in any location may be critical to reduce the risk of seeding the joint implant heamatogenously.

TextSentencer_T4468

521900-522064

Sentence

denotes

A year period (2001) a total of 2440 swabs of aspiration from patients with infectious complications following the implantation of prosthetic devices were cultured.

T12987

521900-522064

Sentence

denotes

A year period (2001) a total of 2440 swabs of aspiration from patients with infectious complications following the implantation of prosthetic devices were cultured.

TextSentencer_T4469

522065-522228

Sentence

denotes

Cultivation and identification of the strains were performed by conventional methods and by VITEK system (bioMȇrieux) and susceptibility testing by disc diffusion.

T36680

522065-522228

Sentence

denotes

Cultivation and identification of the strains were performed by conventional methods and by VITEK system (bioMȇrieux) and susceptibility testing by disc diffusion.

TextSentencer_T4470

522229-522288

Sentence

denotes

Potentional pathogens were recovered in 324 cases (13.27%).

T11864

522229-522288

Sentence

denotes

Potentional pathogens were recovered in 324 cases (13.27%).

TextSentencer_T4471

522289-522393

Sentence

denotes

Gram positive cocci, in particular Staphylococcus spp. proved to be the most commonly isolated bacteria.

T67512

522289-522393

Sentence

denotes

Gram positive cocci, in particular Staphylococcus spp. proved to be the most commonly isolated bacteria.

TextSentencer_T4472

522394-522588

Sentence

denotes

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was isolated more frequently (48%), followed by S. aureus (28%), Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium (11%), Gram-negatives (3%), anaerob isolates (7.5%).

T38228

522394-522588

Sentence

denotes

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was isolated more frequently (48%), followed by S. aureus (28%), Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium (11%), Gram-negatives (3%), anaerob isolates (7.5%).

TextSentencer_T4473

522589-522744

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to individual antimicrobials of S. aureus and CNS were as follows: methicillin 8 and 47%, clindamycin 4.5 and 21.7%, fluoroquinolones 0 and 18%.

T47725

522589-522744

Sentence

denotes

Resistance to individual antimicrobials of S. aureus and CNS were as follows: methicillin 8 and 47%, clindamycin 4.5 and 21.7%, fluoroquinolones 0 and 18%.

TextSentencer_T4474

522745-522840

Sentence

denotes

Mupirocin resistant strains of S. aureus were not found, while 7.7% were among the CNS strains.

T51476

522745-522840

Sentence

denotes

Mupirocin resistant strains of S. aureus were not found, while 7.7% were among the CNS strains.

TextSentencer_T4475

522841-522936

Sentence

denotes

Our results could be essential for the rational selection of treatment at our orthopedic wards.

T45846

522841-522936

Sentence

denotes

Our results could be essential for the rational selection of treatment at our orthopedic wards.

TextSentencer_T4476

522937-522945

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T34965

522937-522945

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4477

522946-523122

Sentence

denotes

In the analysed period the percentage of isolated Enterococcus sp. strains among all non-repetitive clinical isolates in 1999, 2000 and 2001 was 3.9, 3.1 and 51%, respectively.

T85809

522946-523122

Sentence

denotes

In the analysed period the percentage of isolated Enterococcus sp. strains among all non-repetitive clinical isolates in 1999, 2000 and 2001 was 3.9, 3.1 and 51%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T4478

523123-523212

Sentence

denotes

Cultured strains were identified as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum and E. avium .

T75409

523123-523212

Sentence

denotes

Cultured strains were identified as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum and E. avium .

TextSentencer_T4479

523213-523314

Sentence

denotes

The most prevalent was E. faecium strains, isolated with a frequency of 75, 62 and 75%, respectively.

T44103

523213-523314

Sentence

denotes

The most prevalent was E. faecium strains, isolated with a frequency of 75, 62 and 75%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T4480

523315-523441

Sentence

denotes

Vancomycin-resistant strains were all identified as E. faecium and in 2001 they comprised 17% of all isolates of this species.

T52100

523315-523441

Sentence

denotes

Vancomycin-resistant strains were all identified as E. faecium and in 2001 they comprised 17% of all isolates of this species.

TextSentencer_T4481

523442-523826

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) The frequency of isolation of Enterococcus sp. in blood cultures of haematological patients remained relatively stable in 1999 Á/2001. (2) The predominant enterococcal species isolated from these patients was E. faecium . (3) In 2001 we recorded for the first time an emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium , which comprised 17% of all isolates of this species.

T58933

523442-523826

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions: (1) The frequency of isolation of Enterococcus sp. in blood cultures of haematological patients remained relatively stable in 1999 Á/2001. (2) The predominant enterococcal species isolated from these patients was E. faecium . (3) In 2001 we recorded for the first time an emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium , which comprised 17% of all isolates of this species.

TextSentencer_T4482

523827-523868

Sentence

denotes

Kalai S, Ben Hassen A, Achour W, Greco A.

T37327

523827-523868

Sentence

denotes

Kalai S, Ben Hassen A, Achour W, Greco A.

TextSentencer_T4483

523869-524086

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory of Microbiology, National Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Tunis, Tunisia From April 1998 to June 2000, 47 non-repeated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from 42 immunocompromised patients.

T13159

523869-524086

Sentence

denotes

Laboratory of Microbiology, National Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Tunis, Tunisia From April 1998 to June 2000, 47 non-repeated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from 42 immunocompromised patients.

TextSentencer_T4484

524087-524187

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-six percent of strains were isolated from abscess, 27% from blood culture and 11% from urine.

T93548

524087-524187

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-six percent of strains were isolated from abscess, 27% from blood culture and 11% from urine.

TextSentencer_T4485

524188-524275

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antibiotic was studied by the routine disk diffusion method (CA-SFM).

T35173

524188-524275

Sentence

denotes

Susceptibility to antibiotic was studied by the routine disk diffusion method (CA-SFM).

TextSentencer_T4486

524276-524390

Sentence

denotes

MICs were determined using agar dilution to 11 antibiotics (5b-lactams, four aminosides and two fluoroquinolones).

T41931

524276-524390

Sentence

denotes

MICs were determined using agar dilution to 11 antibiotics (5b-lactams, four aminosides and two fluoroquinolones).

TextSentencer_T4487

524391-524511

Sentence

denotes

Serotyping of the different trains was performed using antisera to the International Antigenic Typing Systems Serotypes.

T72963

524391-524511

Sentence

denotes

Serotyping of the different trains was performed using antisera to the International Antigenic Typing Systems Serotypes.

TextSentencer_T4488

524512-524712

Sentence

denotes

The study showed 80% of resistance to c Cochin Port Royal Hospital, Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique Site St Vincent-de-Paul, Paris, France , d Cochin Port Royal Hospital, CCLIN, Paris, France Aims:

T20308

524512-524712

Sentence

denotes

The study showed 80% of resistance to c Cochin Port Royal Hospital, Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique Site St Vincent-de-Paul, Paris, France , d Cochin Port Royal Hospital, CCLIN, Paris, France Aims:

TextSentencer_T4489

524713-524813

Sentence

denotes

To determinate risk markers of an outbreak of postpartum endometritis due to group A Streptococcus .

T66537

524713-524813

Sentence

denotes

To determinate risk markers of an outbreak of postpartum endometritis due to group A Streptococcus .

TextSentencer_T4490

524814-524821

Sentence

denotes

Design:

T12041

524814-524821

Sentence

denotes

Design:

TextSentencer_T4491

524822-524887

Sentence

denotes

A case-control study using data collected with a structured form.

T21366

524822-524887

Sentence

denotes

A case-control study using data collected with a structured form.

TextSentencer_T4492

524888-524896

Sentence

denotes

Setting:

T89402

524888-524896

Sentence

denotes

Setting:

TextSentencer_T4493

524897-525055

Sentence

denotes

The cases of postpartum endometritis were diagnosed in the department of Obstetric of the Paris hospital network during 5 days (December 1999 Á/January 2000).

T20449

524897-525055

Sentence

denotes

The cases of postpartum endometritis were diagnosed in the department of Obstetric of the Paris hospital network during 5 days (December 1999 Á/January 2000).

TextSentencer_T4494

525056-525153

Sentence

denotes

The group of controls consisted of women delivered in the same department during the same period.

T61005

525056-525153

Sentence

denotes

The group of controls consisted of women delivered in the same department during the same period.

TextSentencer_T4495

525154-525167

Sentence

denotes

Participants:

T5826

525154-525167

Sentence

denotes

Participants:

TextSentencer_T4496

525168-525202

Sentence

denotes

Cases (n0/3) and controls (n0/59).

T17074

525168-525202

Sentence

denotes

Cases (n0/3) and controls (n0/59).

TextSentencer_T4497

525203-525212

Sentence

denotes

Findings:

T69402

525203-525212

Sentence

denotes

Findings:

TextSentencer_T4498

525213-525371

Sentence

denotes

Cases had smoked more often during pregnancy (67 vs. 16%; P 0/0.089) and received more often immunosuppressive treatment than controls (33 vs. 0%; P 0/0.060).

T60727

525213-525371

Sentence

denotes

Cases had smoked more often during pregnancy (67 vs. 16%; P 0/0.089) and received more often immunosuppressive treatment than controls (33 vs. 0%; P 0/0.060).

TextSentencer_T4499

525372-525469

Sentence

denotes

Instrumental delivery has been needed more often for cases than controls (67 vs. 13%; P 0/0.062).

T1359

525372-525469

Sentence

denotes

Instrumental delivery has been needed more often for cases than controls (67 vs. 13%; P 0/0.062).

TextSentencer_T4500

525470-525593

Sentence

denotes

Cases had been hospitalized after delivery in a ward z of the department more often than controls (100 vs. 23%; P 0/0.017).

T98091

525470-525593

Sentence

denotes

Cases had been hospitalized after delivery in a ward z of the department more often than controls (100 vs. 23%; P 0/0.017).

TextSentencer_T4501

525594-525766

Sentence

denotes

They had been examined after delivery more often by a midwife x (100 vs. 18%; P0/0.009) and a nurse y has provided care to cases and not to controls (33 vs. 0%; P 0/0.051).

T16498

525594-525766

Sentence

denotes

They had been examined after delivery more often by a midwife x (100 vs. 18%; P0/0.009) and a nurse y has provided care to cases and not to controls (33 vs. 0%; P 0/0.051).

TextSentencer_T4502

525767-525778

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T65315

525767-525778

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4503

525779-525939

Sentence

denotes

Smoking, receiving immunosuppressive treatment during pregnancy, and instrumental delivery were significantly associated with postpartum endometritis (PB/ 10%).

T58080

525779-525939

Sentence

denotes

Smoking, receiving immunosuppressive treatment during pregnancy, and instrumental delivery were significantly associated with postpartum endometritis (PB/ 10%).

TextSentencer_T4504

525940-526017

Sentence

denotes

A midwife and a nurse might be involved in the transmission of the infection.

T27957

525940-526017

Sentence

denotes

A midwife and a nurse might be involved in the transmission of the infection.

TextSentencer_T4505

526018-526252

Sentence

denotes

Petoukhova I a , Sokolova E a , Dmitrieva N a , Nummaev B b . a Laboratory Microbiology, Cancer Research Center of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation , b Department of Oncogynecology, Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation

T21448

526018-526252

Sentence

denotes

Petoukhova I a , Sokolova E a , Dmitrieva N a , Nummaev B b . a Laboratory Microbiology, Cancer Research Center of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation , b Department of Oncogynecology, Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation

TextSentencer_T4506

526253-526317

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the study was to assess efficacy of perioperative AP.

T49081

526253-526317

Sentence

denotes

The aim of the study was to assess efficacy of perioperative AP.

TextSentencer_T4507

526318-526346

Sentence

denotes

Total 241 pts were included.

T95796

526318-526346

Sentence

denotes

Total 241 pts were included.

TextSentencer_T4508

526347-526552

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and one pts with cervical cancer (CC) undergone extensive hysterectomy, 22 pts with cancer of vulva (CV)-extensive vulvoectomy, 18 pts with ovarian cancer (OC) Á/ extensive/combined operations.

T24237

526347-526552

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and one pts with cervical cancer (CC) undergone extensive hysterectomy, 22 pts with cancer of vulva (CV)-extensive vulvoectomy, 18 pts with ovarian cancer (OC) Á/ extensive/combined operations.

TextSentencer_T4509

526553-526706

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-one pts (group 1) received AP with amoxicillin/clavulanate (AM/CL) 1.8 g IV 30 min prior to operation, then 1.2 g IV thrice per day for 3 Á/5 days.

T19837

526553-526706

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-one pts (group 1) received AP with amoxicillin/clavulanate (AM/CL) 1.8 g IV 30 min prior to operation, then 1.2 g IV thrice per day for 3 Á/5 days.

TextSentencer_T4510

526707-526896

Sentence

denotes

Fifty pts (group 2) received cefotaxime (CTX) 2 g IV 30 min prior to operation, then 1 g four times per day for 3 Á/5 days'/metronidazole (MTZ) 500 mg two times per day for the same period.

T40118

526707-526896

Sentence

denotes

Fifty pts (group 2) received cefotaxime (CTX) 2 g IV 30 min prior to operation, then 1 g four times per day for 3 Á/5 days'/metronidazole (MTZ) 500 mg two times per day for the same period.

TextSentencer_T4511

526897-527038

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and forty pts were retrospective control (they received II Á/III generation cephalosporins or linkosamides only after operation).

T52895

526897-527038

Sentence

denotes

One hundred and forty pts were retrospective control (they received II Á/III generation cephalosporins or linkosamides only after operation).

TextSentencer_T4512

527039-527185

Sentence

denotes

The rate of SWI in pts with CC, CV and OC was 13.5, 73, 29%, respectively; DWI */16.2, 0 and 21%, respectively; UTI */72, 80, 42.8%, respectively.

T98266

527039-527185

Sentence

denotes

The rate of SWI in pts with CC, CV and OC was 13.5, 73, 29%, respectively; DWI */16.2, 0 and 21%, respectively; UTI */72, 80, 42.8%, respectively.

TextSentencer_T4513

527186-527328

Sentence

denotes

The AP with AM/CL was more effective compared to CTX'/MTZ (SWI */6 vs 18%, respectively, PB/ 0.05, DWI */9.8 vs 14%, respectively, P B/ 0.05).

T23263

527186-527328

Sentence

denotes

The AP with AM/CL was more effective compared to CTX'/MTZ (SWI */6 vs 18%, respectively, PB/ 0.05, DWI */9.8 vs 14%, respectively, P B/ 0.05).

TextSentencer_T4514

527329-527410

Sentence

denotes

The rate of postoperative UTI was equivalent in two groups (62 vs 74%, P 0/N.S.).

T27984

527329-527410

Sentence

denotes

The rate of postoperative UTI was equivalent in two groups (62 vs 74%, P 0/N.S.).

TextSentencer_T4515

527411-527487

Sentence

denotes

Thus, AP with AM/CL is preferrable option in extensive operations in OG pts.

T67136

527411-527487

Sentence

denotes

Thus, AP with AM/CL is preferrable option in extensive operations in OG pts.

TextSentencer_T4516

527488-527541

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-eight patients were randomized into two groups.

T67889

527488-527541

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-eight patients were randomized into two groups.

TextSentencer_T4517

527542-527641

Sentence

denotes

Group 1, a treatment consisting of 31 patients and Group 2, consisting of 27 patients as a control.

T28987

527542-527641

Sentence

denotes

Group 1, a treatment consisting of 31 patients and Group 2, consisting of 27 patients as a control.

TextSentencer_T4518

527642-527794

Sentence

denotes

The patients were at the age of 679/1.2 and had had different surgical interventions with general anaesthesia from 1 to 3 h and accompanying COPD (89%).

T39224

527642-527794

Sentence

denotes

The patients were at the age of 679/1.2 and had had different surgical interventions with general anaesthesia from 1 to 3 h and accompanying COPD (89%).

TextSentencer_T4519

527795-527849

Sentence

denotes

Artificial pulmonary ventilation was used in 45 cases.

T85354

527795-527849

Sentence

denotes

Artificial pulmonary ventilation was used in 45 cases.

TextSentencer_T4520

527850-528077

Sentence

denotes

In the early post-surgery period the patients of Group 1 were administered inhalation therapy, including ipratopium of bromide in the combination with fenoterol (atrovent, berodual) and ambrocsol (lazolvan) through a nebulizer.

T77272

527850-528077

Sentence

denotes

In the early post-surgery period the patients of Group 1 were administered inhalation therapy, including ipratopium of bromide in the combination with fenoterol (atrovent, berodual) and ambrocsol (lazolvan) through a nebulizer.

TextSentencer_T4521

528078-528149

Sentence

denotes

The inhalation therapy was not administered to the patients of Group 2.

T30316

528078-528149

Sentence

denotes

The inhalation therapy was not administered to the patients of Group 2.

TextSentencer_T4522

528150-528378

Sentence

denotes

Under the influence of the inhalation therapy pulmonary ventilation and respiratory metabolism was restored faster in all the resuscitation patients (in Group 1 */by the end of the first 24 h, in Group 2 */on the 3rd Á/4th day).

T75085

528150-528378

Sentence

denotes

Under the influence of the inhalation therapy pulmonary ventilation and respiratory metabolism was restored faster in all the resuscitation patients (in Group 1 */by the end of the first 24 h, in Group 2 */on the 3rd Á/4th day).

TextSentencer_T4523

528379-528446

Sentence

denotes

The percent rate of PEF1 was 76.7'/4.1 and 56.4'/4.5, respectively.

T58587

528379-528446

Sentence

denotes

The percent rate of PEF1 was 76.7'/4.1 and 56.4'/4.5, respectively.

TextSentencer_T4524

528447-528517

Sentence

denotes

Artificial pulmonary ventilation ended in 9.2 and 7.3 h, respectively.

T43025

528447-528517

Sentence

denotes

Artificial pulmonary ventilation ended in 9.2 and 7.3 h, respectively.

TextSentencer_T4525

528518-528629

Sentence

denotes

The time of the patients' stay in the resuscitation department was 3.2 days in Group 1 and 4.6 days in Group 2.

T78856

528518-528629

Sentence

denotes

The time of the patients' stay in the resuscitation department was 3.2 days in Group 1 and 4.6 days in Group 2.

TextSentencer_T4526

528630-528738

Sentence

denotes

By the end of the 1st week pneumonia developed in one patient from Group 1 and in eight patients in Group 2.

T99471

528630-528738

Sentence

denotes

By the end of the 1st week pneumonia developed in one patient from Group 1 and in eight patients in Group 2.

TextSentencer_T4527

528739-528916

Sentence

denotes

Aerosol therapy application accelerates medication delivery to the respiratory tracts, increases the local activity and effects good prophylaxis for surgical hospital pneumonia.

T65000

528739-528916

Sentence

denotes

Aerosol therapy application accelerates medication delivery to the respiratory tracts, increases the local activity and effects good prophylaxis for surgical hospital pneumonia.

TextSentencer_T4528

528917-529001

Sentence

denotes

Variation in ethiology of early and late onset ventilator associated pneumonia PM250

T4155

528917-529001

Sentence

denotes

Variation in ethiology of early and late onset ventilator associated pneumonia PM250

TextSentencer_T4529

529002-529102

Sentence

denotes

Nikolopoulos J, Daganou M, Michailidou M, Karabela E, Kavada K, Retsou S, Antoniadou A, Rasidakis A.

T37993

529002-529102

Sentence

denotes

Nikolopoulos J, Daganou M, Michailidou M, Karabela E, Kavada K, Retsou S, Antoniadou A, Rasidakis A.

TextSentencer_T4530

529103-529143

Sentence

denotes

Department of Respiratory Abstracts S100

T26069

529103-529143

Sentence

denotes

Department of Respiratory Abstracts S100

TextSentencer_T4531

529144-529228

Sentence

denotes

Failure and ICU, Sotiria General and Chest Disease Hospital, Athens, Greece Purpose:

T2907

529144-529228

Sentence

denotes

Failure and ICU, Sotiria General and Chest Disease Hospital, Athens, Greece Purpose:

TextSentencer_T4532

529229-529375

Sentence

denotes

To compare the distribution of causative microorganisms, their susceptibility to antibiotics and outcome of 'early' and 'late' VAP in a Greek ICU.

T19511

529229-529375

Sentence

denotes

To compare the distribution of causative microorganisms, their susceptibility to antibiotics and outcome of 'early' and 'late' VAP in a Greek ICU.

TextSentencer_T4533

529376-529396

Sentence

denotes

Methods and results:

T80986

529376-529396

Sentence

denotes

Methods and results:

TextSentencer_T4534

529397-529511

Sentence

denotes

Retrospective study of mechanical ventilated (MV) patients (pts) with early and late VAPs during a 6-month period.

T95036

529397-529511

Sentence

denotes

Retrospective study of mechanical ventilated (MV) patients (pts) with early and late VAPs during a 6-month period.

TextSentencer_T4535

529512-529623

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis of VAP was made by clinical, radiographic criteria and quantitative cultures of bronchial secretions.

T77373

529512-529623

Sentence

denotes

Diagnosis of VAP was made by clinical, radiographic criteria and quantitative cultures of bronchial secretions.

TextSentencer_T4536

529624-529698

Sentence

denotes

VAP was diagnosed in 17 pts (26%) out of 67 consecutive admissions in ICU.

T23541

529624-529698

Sentence

denotes

VAP was diagnosed in 17 pts (26%) out of 67 consecutive admissions in ICU.

TextSentencer_T4537

529699-529758

Sentence

denotes

All pts before the development of VAP received antibiotics.

T93928

529699-529758

Sentence

denotes

All pts before the development of VAP received antibiotics.

TextSentencer_T4538

529759-529954

Sentence

denotes

Three episodes of VAP (17.6%) were developed before the 7th day of MV (early VAP) and were caused: (1) by multi-resistant Acinetobacter; and (2) by antibiotic-susceptible Pseudomonas aeroginosa .

T42986

529759-529954

Sentence

denotes

Three episodes of VAP (17.6%) were developed before the 7th day of MV (early VAP) and were caused: (1) by multi-resistant Acinetobacter; and (2) by antibiotic-susceptible Pseudomonas aeroginosa .

TextSentencer_T4539

529955-530035

Sentence

denotes

In this group one pt died from septic shock related to VAP and two pts survived.

T31724

529955-530035

Sentence

denotes

In this group one pt died from septic shock related to VAP and two pts survived.

TextSentencer_T4540

530036-530106

Sentence

denotes

Fourteen pts (82.4%) developed VAP after the 7th day of MV (late VAP).

T23396

530036-530106

Sentence

denotes

Fourteen pts (82.4%) developed VAP after the 7th day of MV (late VAP).

TextSentencer_T4541

530107-530381

Sentence

denotes

Five cases were caused by multi-resistant P. aeroginosa , two cases by MRSA, two cases by multi-resistant Acinetobacter, two cases by susceptible to antibiotics Klebsiella pneumoniae , and three were polymicrobial and caused by multi-resistant microorganisms (MRSA and GNB).

T90012

530107-530381

Sentence

denotes

Five cases were caused by multi-resistant P. aeroginosa , two cases by MRSA, two cases by multi-resistant Acinetobacter, two cases by susceptible to antibiotics Klebsiella pneumoniae , and three were polymicrobial and caused by multi-resistant microorganisms (MRSA and GNB).

TextSentencer_T4542

530382-530511

Sentence

denotes

Four pts died (28.6%) from septic shock related to VAP, five pts (36%) died because of another cause and five pts (36%) survived.

T90230

530382-530511

Sentence

denotes

Four pts died (28.6%) from septic shock related to VAP, five pts (36%) died because of another cause and five pts (36%) survived.

TextSentencer_T4543

530512-530524

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

T55160

530512-530524

Sentence

denotes

Conclusions:

TextSentencer_T4544

530525-530615

Sentence

denotes

Early and late onset episodes of VAP were caused by 'potentially drug-resistant bacteria'.

T72285

530525-530615

Sentence

denotes

Early and late onset episodes of VAP were caused by 'potentially drug-resistant bacteria'.

TextSentencer_T4545

530616-530670

Sentence

denotes

P. aeroginosa as a cause of early VAP was susceptible.

T71993

530616-530670

Sentence

denotes

P. aeroginosa as a cause of early VAP was susceptible.

TextSentencer_T4546

530671-530726

Sentence

denotes

Mortality attributed to early and late VAP was similar.

T15748

530671-530726

Sentence

denotes

Mortality attributed to early and late VAP was similar.

TextSentencer_T4547

530727-530815

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic prophylaxis in oncological and major reconstructive orthopaedic surgery PM251

T24123

530727-530815

Sentence

denotes

Antibiotic prophylaxis in oncological and major reconstructive orthopaedic surgery PM251

TextSentencer_T4548

530816-530862

Sentence

denotes

De Biase P, Ciampalini L, Astone A, Capanna R.

T91631

530816-530862

Sentence

denotes

De Biase P, Ciampalini L, Astone A, Capanna R.

TextSentencer_T4549

530863-530951

Sentence

denotes

Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Oncological and reconstructive Centre, AOC, Florence, Italy

T68703

530863-530951

Sentence

denotes

Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Oncological and reconstructive Centre, AOC, Florence, Italy

TextSentencer_T4550

530952-531111

Sentence

denotes

During last year patients scheduled for oncological surgery or major reconstructive procedures were randomised to either vancomycin or teicoplanin prophylaxis.

T83275

530952-531111

Sentence

denotes

During last year patients scheduled for oncological surgery or major reconstructive procedures were randomised to either vancomycin or teicoplanin prophylaxis.

TextSentencer_T4551

531112-531216

Sentence

denotes

Prophylaxis was performed with either vancomycin 1 g i.v. twice daily or teicoplanin once daily 400 i.v.

T30352

531112-531216

Sentence

denotes

Prophylaxis was performed with either vancomycin 1 g i.v. twice daily or teicoplanin once daily 400 i.v.

TextSentencer_T4552

531217-531252

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred patients were included.

T69590

531217-531252

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred patients were included.

TextSentencer_T4553

531253-531318

Sentence

denotes

Four patients did not agree the study protocol and were excluded.

T60131

531253-531318

Sentence

denotes

Four patients did not agree the study protocol and were excluded.

TextSentencer_T4554

531319-531391

Sentence

denotes

We treated 98 patients with teicoplanin and 98 patients with vancomycin.

T27901

531319-531391

Sentence

denotes

We treated 98 patients with teicoplanin and 98 patients with vancomycin.

TextSentencer_T4555

531392-531521

Sentence

denotes

Out of the 196 patients 117 were operated for oncological disease, while the remaining 79 underwent major orthopaedic procedures.

T23437

531392-531521

Sentence

denotes

Out of the 196 patients 117 were operated for oncological disease, while the remaining 79 underwent major orthopaedic procedures.

TextSentencer_T4556

531522-531606

Sentence

denotes

We experienced 10 cases of red man syndrome, and five cases of moderate hypotension.

T2686

531522-531606

Sentence

denotes

We experienced 10 cases of red man syndrome, and five cases of moderate hypotension.

TextSentencer_T4557

531607-531734

Sentence

denotes

Five patients had postoperative complications: two deep venous thrombosis, one pulmonary embolism, two postoperative haematoma.

T75086

531607-531734

Sentence

denotes

Five patients had postoperative complications: two deep venous thrombosis, one pulmonary embolism, two postoperative haematoma.

TextSentencer_T4558

531735-531890

Sentence

denotes

In five patients we observed a wound dehiscence; two of these patients showed clinical sign of SSI and microbiological examinations were positive for MRSA.

T7916

531735-531890

Sentence

denotes

In five patients we observed a wound dehiscence; two of these patients showed clinical sign of SSI and microbiological examinations were positive for MRSA.

TextSentencer_T4559

531891-532038

Sentence

denotes

One patient recovered from infection with medical therapy, while the other patient showed a local tumour recurrence and was amputated at the thigh.

T97934

531891-532038

Sentence

denotes

One patient recovered from infection with medical therapy, while the other patient showed a local tumour recurrence and was amputated at the thigh.

TextSentencer_T4560

532039-532127

Sentence

denotes

At last surgery infection was still present clinical and at microbiological examination.

T5451

532039-532127

Sentence

denotes

At last surgery infection was still present clinical and at microbiological examination.

TextSentencer_T4561

532128-532281

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion we had an infection rate of 1.02% which is comparable to the infection rate of a 'clean' surgery in patients with normal risk of infection.

T26524

532128-532281

Sentence

denotes

In conclusion we had an infection rate of 1.02% which is comparable to the infection rate of a 'clean' surgery in patients with normal risk of infection.

TextSentencer_T4562

532282-532424

Sentence

denotes

Teicoplanin showed lower toxicity, has a longer half-life and has a simpler way of infusion and it is our current choice in high risk surgery.

T52918

532282-532424

Sentence

denotes

Teicoplanin showed lower toxicity, has a longer half-life and has a simpler way of infusion and it is our current choice in high risk surgery.

TextSentencer_T4563

532425-532553

Sentence

denotes

Injuries with contaminated sharp articles in health care workers in General Hospital Celje, Slovenia PM252 Lesnicar G, Sibanc B.

T82412

532425-532553

Sentence

denotes

Injuries with contaminated sharp articles in health care workers in General Hospital Celje, Slovenia PM252 Lesnicar G, Sibanc B.

TextSentencer_T4564

532554-532626

Sentence

denotes

Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Center Celje, Celje, Slovenia

T94330

532554-532626

Sentence

denotes

Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Center Celje, Celje, Slovenia

TextSentencer_T4565

532627-532802

Sentence

denotes

In a prospective study carried out from January 1997 till June 2001, we registered 133 subcutaneous injuries with sharp objects, mostly in nurses and cleaning service workers.

T60024

532627-532802

Sentence

denotes

In a prospective study carried out from January 1997 till June 2001, we registered 133 subcutaneous injuries with sharp objects, mostly in nurses and cleaning service workers.

TextSentencer_T4566

532803-532903

Sentence

denotes

In 19% of cases the incident occurred outside the hospital, in persons who were not medical workers.

T95385

532803-532903

Sentence

denotes

In 19% of cases the incident occurred outside the hospital, in persons who were not medical workers.

TextSentencer_T4567

532904-533031

Sentence

denotes

In 69 cases the injury causing object was a needle that had been used in known patients, 14 of which were hepatitis B positive.

T19866

532904-533031

Sentence

denotes

In 69 cases the injury causing object was a needle that had been used in known patients, 14 of which were hepatitis B positive.

TextSentencer_T4568

533032-533318

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-five (48.2%) of the injured health workers had been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B; the protective antibodies to hepatitis B in the blood were found in 35/114 (30.7%) health workers only, while the tests for antibodies to hepatitis C and HIV were negative in all cases.

T55759

533032-533318

Sentence

denotes

Fifty-five (48.2%) of the injured health workers had been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B; the protective antibodies to hepatitis B in the blood were found in 35/114 (30.7%) health workers only, while the tests for antibodies to hepatitis C and HIV were negative in all cases.

TextSentencer_T4569

533319-533532

Sentence

denotes

Following the incident, the majority of the injured persons, i.e. 102, were vaccinated against hepatitis B, while 46 persons (34.6%) also received passive prophylaxis with human immunoglobulin against hepatitis B.

T25944

533319-533532

Sentence

denotes

Following the incident, the majority of the injured persons, i.e. 102, were vaccinated against hepatitis B, while 46 persons (34.6%) also received passive prophylaxis with human immunoglobulin against hepatitis B.

TextSentencer_T4570

533533-533626

Sentence

denotes

None of the injured persons have developed the disease or showed evidence of sero-conversion.

T37457

533533-533626

Sentence

denotes

None of the injured persons have developed the disease or showed evidence of sero-conversion.

TextSentencer_T4571

533627-533743

Sentence

denotes

In the year 2000 the general as well as specific preventive measures practised in our hospital became more rigorous.

T30140

533627-533743

Sentence

denotes

In the year 2000 the general as well as specific preventive measures practised in our hospital became more rigorous.

TextSentencer_T4572

533744-533847

Sentence

denotes

Thus, approximately 80% of our health workers at risk have already been vaccinated against hepatitis B.

T71420

533744-533847

Sentence

denotes

Thus, approximately 80% of our health workers at risk have already been vaccinated against hepatitis B.

TextSentencer_T4573

533848-534240

Sentence

denotes

To improve measures preventing dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MRB), a cross-sectional survey (2000) was conducted to analyse healthcare workers' (HCWs) isolation precaution knowledge for MRB infection at 21 investigation and outpatient departments excluding four declaring not to be involved in care to MRB patients (emergency, obstetrics, nuclear medicine, and bacteriology).

T55641

533848-534240

Sentence

denotes

To improve measures preventing dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MRB), a cross-sectional survey (2000) was conducted to analyse healthcare workers' (HCWs) isolation precaution knowledge for MRB infection at 21 investigation and outpatient departments excluding four declaring not to be involved in care to MRB patients (emergency, obstetrics, nuclear medicine, and bacteriology).

TextSentencer_T4574

534241-534331

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and eight HCWs answered (67% of the paramedical staff, 28% of the physicians).

T10137

534241-534331

Sentence

denotes

Two hundred and eight HCWs answered (67% of the paramedical staff, 28% of the physicians).

TextSentencer_T4575

534332-534431

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-three percent of them reported they do not know frequently or always the patient MRB status.

T57622

534332-534431

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-three percent of them reported they do not know frequently or always the patient MRB status.

TextSentencer_T4576

534432-534524

Sentence

denotes

They (82%) wish MRB status to be mentioned on the test form or on the advice request letter.

T39674

534432-534524

Sentence

denotes

They (82%) wish MRB status to be mentioned on the test form or on the advice request letter.

TextSentencer_T4577

534525-534590

Sentence

denotes

MRB patient visit or test was appropriately timed in 62% answers.

T57263

534525-534590

Sentence

denotes

MRB patient visit or test was appropriately timed in 62% answers.

TextSentencer_T4578

534591-534655

Sentence

denotes

Gowns (61%) or masks (58%) use were not systematically reported.

T23123

534591-534655

Sentence

denotes

Gowns (61%) or masks (58%) use were not systematically reported.

TextSentencer_T4579

534656-534795

Sentence

denotes

Other HCWs (74%) reported better isolation precaution knowledge than physicians (58%) and nurses (81%) than investigation assistants (58%).

T9299

534656-534795

Sentence

denotes

Other HCWs (74%) reported better isolation precaution knowledge than physicians (58%) and nurses (81%) than investigation assistants (58%).

TextSentencer_T4580

534796-534890

Sentence

denotes

Physicians declared lower compliance with use of gowns, gloves or draw-sheets than other HCWs.

T69624

534796-534890

Sentence

denotes

Physicians declared lower compliance with use of gowns, gloves or draw-sheets than other HCWs.

TextSentencer_T4581

534891-534993

Sentence

denotes

They had also lower education in isolation precautions and were less interested in education programs.

T28617

534891-534993

Sentence

denotes

They had also lower education in isolation precautions and were less interested in education programs.

TextSentencer_T4582

534994-535065

Sentence

denotes

This study suggests the necessity to improve MBR infection information.

T99703

534994-535065

Sentence

denotes

This study suggests the necessity to improve MBR infection information.

TextSentencer_T4583

535066-535168

Sentence

denotes

Physicians and investigation assistants seem to be insufficiently aware of hospital infection control.

T76415

535066-535168

Sentence

denotes

Physicians and investigation assistants seem to be insufficiently aware of hospital infection control.

TextSentencer_T4584

535169-535325

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, education strategies targeted at physicians and investigation assistants working at outpatient and investigation departments should be developed.

T86070

535169-535325

Sentence

denotes

Therefore, education strategies targeted at physicians and investigation assistants working at outpatient and investigation departments should be developed.

TextSentencer_T4585

535326-535466

Sentence

denotes

Outbreak of Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhoea in Infectious Disease Department: risk factors and hygiene measures assessment PM254

T48735

535326-535466

Sentence

denotes

Outbreak of Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhoea in Infectious Disease Department: risk factors and hygiene measures assessment PM254

TextSentencer_T4586

535467-535528

Sentence

denotes

Henoun Loukili N, Martin M, Remy V, Hansmann Y, Christmann D.

T68749

535467-535528

Sentence

denotes

Henoun Loukili N, Martin M, Remy V, Hansmann Y, Christmann D.

TextSentencer_T4587

535529-535811

Sentence

denotes

Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France (shock)'/4* (bedridden status)'/4* (age !/65 years)'/3* (previous antibiotic treatment) and Points (women)0/6* (shock)'/4* (bedridden status)'/4* (age !/65 years)'/3* (immunosuppression).

T85602

535529-535811

Sentence

denotes

Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France (shock)'/4* (bedridden status)'/4* (age !/65 years)'/3* (previous antibiotic treatment) and Points (women)0/6* (shock)'/4* (bedridden status)'/4* (age !/65 years)'/3* (immunosuppression).

TextSentencer_T4588

535812-536177

Sentence

denotes

The vast majority of patients (89 and 87% of males and females, respectively) could be classified in the subgroups with lower scores (six points or less) which had a very limited risk of death (0 Á/2.5 and 0 Á/2.3% for men and women, respectively), whereas for patients in the highest score subgroup (11 points or more), the risk was 100% for men and 91% for women.

T60403

535812-536177

Sentence

denotes

The vast majority of patients (89 and 87% of males and females, respectively) could be classified in the subgroups with lower scores (six points or less) which had a very limited risk of death (0 Á/2.5 and 0 Á/2.3% for men and women, respectively), whereas for patients in the highest score subgroup (11 points or more), the risk was 100% for men and 91% for women.

TextSentencer_T4589

536178-536189

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

T80043

536178-536189

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion:

TextSentencer_T4590

536190-536296

Sentence

denotes

Risk stratification of patients with AP is possible from simple clinical variables available on admission.

T68246

536190-536296

Sentence

denotes

Risk stratification of patients with AP is possible from simple clinical variables available on admission.

TextSentencer_T4591

536297-536447

Sentence

denotes

Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for differentiation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis and severe sepsis PM259

T61168

536297-536447

Sentence

denotes

Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for differentiation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis and severe sepsis PM259

TextSentencer_T4592

536448-536678

Sentence

denotes

Lupse M a , Ursu L b , Slavcovici A a , Carstina D a . a Clinical Department, Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania , b Laboratory Department, Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

T63088

536448-536678

Sentence

denotes

Lupse M a , Ursu L b , Slavcovici A a , Carstina D a . a Clinical Department, Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania , b Laboratory Department, Teaching Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

TextSentencer_T4593

536679-536690

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

T3322

536679-536690

Sentence

denotes

Objectives:

TextSentencer_T4594

536691-536824

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the value of PCT in the differentiation of patients with SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and bacteremia in comparison to CRP.

T31842

536691-536824

Sentence

denotes

To evaluate the value of PCT in the differentiation of patients with SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and bacteremia in comparison to CRP.

TextSentencer_T4595

536825-536832

Sentence

denotes

Design:

T30425

536825-536832

Sentence

denotes

Design:

TextSentencer_T4596

536833-536993

Sentence

denotes

Prospective study including patients who meet criteria for SIRS, sepsis or severe sepsis (Consensus Conference of the ACCP/ SCCM) admitted over 18-month period.

T52941

536833-536993

Sentence

denotes

Prospective study including patients who meet criteria for SIRS, sepsis or severe sepsis (Consensus Conference of the ACCP/ SCCM) admitted over 18-month period.

TextSentencer_T4597

536994-537014

Sentence

denotes

Patients and method:

T74129

536994-537014

Sentence

denotes

Patients and method:

TextSentencer_T4598

537015-537111

Sentence

denotes

A total of 67 patients were included: eight with SIRS, 35 with sepsis and 24 with severe sepsis.

T71896

537015-537111

Sentence

denotes

A total of 67 patients were included: eight with SIRS, 35 with sepsis and 24 with severe sepsis.

TextSentencer_T4599

537112-537152

Sentence

denotes

Sixteen from 59 patients had bacteremia.

T55774

537112-537152

Sentence

denotes

Sixteen from 59 patients had bacteremia.

TextSentencer_T4600

537153-537271

Sentence

denotes

PCT and CRP were evaluated in the first 24 h after admission: PCT by BRAHMS PCT-Q test and CRP by turbidimetric assay.

T16105

537153-537271

Sentence

denotes

PCT and CRP were evaluated in the first 24 h after admission: PCT by BRAHMS PCT-Q test and CRP by turbidimetric assay.

TextSentencer_T4601

537272-537378

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of different cutoff points for CRP and PCT were determined.

T14489

537272-537378

Sentence

denotes

The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of different cutoff points for CRP and PCT were determined.

TextSentencer_T4602

537379-537387

Sentence

denotes

Results:

T64883

537379-537387

Sentence

denotes

Results:

TextSentencer_T4603

537388-537584

Sentence

denotes

With a cut off point of 0.5 ng/ml for PCT and 0.6 mg/dl for CRP sensitivity and specificity for sepsis were 73%, respectively 75% (PPV 95.6, NPV 27.3) and 96%, respectively 17% (PPV 87.2, NPV 75).

T47000

537388-537584

Sentence

denotes

With a cut off point of 0.5 ng/ml for PCT and 0.6 mg/dl for CRP sensitivity and specificity for sepsis were 73%, respectively 75% (PPV 95.6, NPV 27.3) and 96%, respectively 17% (PPV 87.2, NPV 75).

TextSentencer_T4604

537585-537697

Sentence

denotes

A cutoff point of 2 ng/ml for PCT accurately predict severe sepsis (sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%, PPV 100).

T31047

537585-537697

Sentence

denotes

A cutoff point of 2 ng/ml for PCT accurately predict severe sepsis (sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%, PPV 100).

TextSentencer_T4605

537698-537823

Sentence

denotes

A PCT level of at least 10 ng/ml was a good predictor for bacteremia (sensitivity 86%, specificity 90%, PPV 73.7 and NPV 95).

T56152

537698-537823

Sentence

denotes

A PCT level of at least 10 ng/ml was a good predictor for bacteremia (sensitivity 86%, specificity 90%, PPV 73.7 and NPV 95).

TextSentencer_T4606

537824-537962

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: PCT is a good discriminating marker to characterize the level of inflammation caused by infection and can predict bacteremia .

T97862

537824-537962

Sentence

denotes

Conclusion: PCT is a good discriminating marker to characterize the level of inflammation caused by infection and can predict bacteremia .

TextSentencer_T4607

537963-538268

Sentence

denotes

Giamarellou H a , Aoun A b , Klastersky J b , Anagnostopoulos N c , Galani L c , Grecka P c , Panaretou E c , Papageorgiou E c , Repoussis P c , Syrseloudis PCT has been considered as a useful diagnostic marker in neutropenic patients with bacteremia and/or severe sepsis (Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ et al.

T76038

537963-538268

Sentence

denotes

Giamarellou H a , Aoun A b , Klastersky J b , Anagnostopoulos N c , Galani L c , Grecka P c , Panaretou E c , Papageorgiou E c , Repoussis P c , Syrseloudis PCT has been considered as a useful diagnostic marker in neutropenic patients with bacteremia and/or severe sepsis (Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ et al.

TextSentencer_T4608

538269-538301

Sentence

denotes

Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:1718) .

T7393

538269-538301

Sentence

denotes

Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:1718) .

TextSentencer_T4609

538302-538701

Sentence

denotes

In an attempt to define its value in the diagnosis of localized infections in neutropenic hosts, daily determinations of PCT and of C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed before and after the onset of fever in 50 subjects 27 male and 22 female aged 48.69/18.7 years with various haematologic malignancies (AML 26, NHL 17, MDS 5, ALL 2) developing neutropenia ( B/500 PMNs/mm 3 ) after chemotherapy.

T35768

538302-538701

Sentence

denotes

In an attempt to define its value in the diagnosis of localized infections in neutropenic hosts, daily determinations of PCT and of C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed before and after the onset of fever in 50 subjects 27 male and 22 female aged 48.69/18.7 years with various haematologic malignancies (AML 26, NHL 17, MDS 5, ALL 2) developing neutropenia ( B/500 PMNs/mm 3 ) after chemotherapy.

TextSentencer_T4610

538702-538907

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-three patients were presented with fever of unknown origin (FUO) and 17 with localized bacterial infections (LBI; pneumonia 7, acute pyelonephritis 4, soft tissue infections 3, acute pharyngitis 3).

T77140

538702-538907

Sentence

denotes

Thirty-three patients were presented with fever of unknown origin (FUO) and 17 with localized bacterial infections (LBI; pneumonia 7, acute pyelonephritis 4, soft tissue infections 3, acute pharyngitis 3).

TextSentencer_T4611

538908-538982

Sentence

denotes

PCT was determined by an immunoluminometric assay and CRP by nephelometry.

T46814

538908-538982

Sentence

denotes

PCT was determined by an immunoluminometric assay and CRP by nephelometry.

TextSentencer_T4612

538983-539175

Sentence

denotes

It is concluded that febrile neutropenia followed by a localized bacterial infections is accompanied by significantly higher levels of PCT than in case of FUO (47.99/3.64 vs 0.519/0.16 ng/ml).

T5730

538983-539175

Sentence

denotes

It is concluded that febrile neutropenia followed by a localized bacterial infections is accompanied by significantly higher levels of PCT than in case of FUO (47.99/3.64 vs 0.519/0.16 ng/ml).

TextSentencer_T4613

539176-539263

Sentence

denotes

Similar differences are not observed with CRP, which lacks the appropriate specificity.

T30538

539176-539263

Sentence

denotes

Similar differences are not observed with CRP, which lacks the appropriate specificity.

TextSentencer_T4614

539264-539474

Sentence

denotes

Our study included 35 patients who were categorized as having proven (9), probable (11), or possible (5) systemic fungosis according to EORTC criteria; 10 showed no sign of infection, and were used as controls.

T94801

539264-539474

Sentence

denotes

Our study included 35 patients who were categorized as having proven (9), probable (11), or possible (5) systemic fungosis according to EORTC criteria; 10 showed no sign of infection, and were used as controls.

TextSentencer_T4615

539475-539601

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were received on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day from the onset of signs of a fungal infection, and then twice a week.

T92111

539475-539601

Sentence

denotes

Blood samples were received on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day from the onset of signs of a fungal infection, and then twice a week.

TextSentencer_T4616

539602-539715

Sentence

denotes

PCT levels were determined by an immunochemioluminent assay, and Candida and aspergillus antigen levels by ELISA.

T15048

539602-539715

Sentence

denotes

PCT levels were determined by an immunochemioluminent assay, and Candida and aspergillus antigen levels by ELISA.

TextSentencer_T4617

539716-539813

Sentence

denotes

In only five patients PCT indicated early signs of infection, albeit at barely detectable limits.

T79568

539716-539813

Sentence

denotes

In only five patients PCT indicated early signs of infection, albeit at barely detectable limits.

TextSentencer_T4618

539814-539900

Sentence

denotes

Six patients, however, showed significantly increasing titres preceding time of death.

T3666

539814-539900

Sentence

denotes

Six patients, however, showed significantly increasing titres preceding time of death.

TextSentencer_T4619

539901-540005

Sentence

denotes

Positive antigens titres were observed only in 10 patients who had proven or probable systemic fungosis.

T57158

539901-540005

Sentence

denotes

Positive antigens titres were observed only in 10 patients who had proven or probable systemic fungosis.

TextSentencer_T4620

540006-540115

Sentence

denotes

Only half of the control group had negative antigen titres; a high rate of false negatives was also observed.

T89561

540006-540115

Sentence

denotes

Only half of the control group had negative antigen titres; a high rate of false negatives was also observed.

TextSentencer_T4621

540116-540208

Sentence

denotes

Both PCT and antigens titres increased in parallel in 4/6 patients with unfavorable outcome.

T76439

540116-540208

Sentence

denotes

Both PCT and antigens titres increased in parallel in 4/6 patients with unfavorable outcome.

TextSentencer_T4622

540209-540358

Sentence

denotes

PCT and antigens titres cannot reliably indicate early diagnosis of systemic fungal infections although may be used as a prognostic tool of severity.

T43097

540209-540358

Sentence

denotes

PCT and antigens titres cannot reliably indicate early diagnosis of systemic fungal infections although may be used as a prognostic tool of severity.

TextSentencer_T4623

540359-540432

Sentence

denotes

Lactulose, a factor that decreases endotoxaemia, in obstructive jaundice?

T10916

540359-540432

Sentence

denotes

Lactulose, a factor that decreases endotoxaemia, in obstructive jaundice?

TextSentencer_T4624

540433-540438

Sentence

denotes

PM262

T52055

540433-540438

Sentence

denotes

PM262

TextSentencer_T4625

540439-540698

Sentence

denotes

Koutelidakis IM a , Papaziogas V a , Makris I a , Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ b , Giamarellou H b , Papaziogas T a . a Thessaloniki Med School, 2nd Surgical Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece , b 4th Department Internal Medicine, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

T17337

540439-540698

Sentence

denotes

Koutelidakis IM a , Papaziogas V a , Makris I a , Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ b , Giamarellou H b , Papaziogas T a . a Thessaloniki Med School, 2nd Surgical Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece , b 4th Department Internal Medicine, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

TextSentencer_T4626

540699-540794

Sentence

denotes

Bacterial translocation is a process implicated in the pathogenesis of spontaneous peritonitis.

T58445

540699-540794

Sentence

denotes

Bacterial translocation is a process implicated in the pathogenesis of spontaneous peritonitis.

TextSentencer_T4627

540795-540957

Sentence

denotes

In order to evaluate the impact of lactulose administration on systemic endotoxaemia, obstructive jaundice was induced in 11 rabbits by common bile duct ligation.

T1524

540795-540957

Sentence

denotes

In order to evaluate the impact of lactulose administration on systemic endotoxaemia, obstructive jaundice was induced in 11 rabbits by common bile duct ligation.

TextSentencer_T4628

540958-541137

Sentence

denotes

Animals were divided into two groups, group A of five rabbits not receiving lactulose and group B of six rabbits, which received 1.5 ml/kg of lactulose orally by an oral catheter.

T91697

540958-541137

Sentence

denotes

Animals were divided into two groups, group A of five rabbits not receiving lactulose and group B of six rabbits, which received 1.5 ml/kg of lactulose orally by an oral catheter.

TextSentencer_T4629

541138-541226

Sentence

denotes

Blood was collected daily, before and after operation for a total duration of four days.

T31495

541138-541226

Sentence

denotes

Blood was collected daily, before and after operation for a total duration of four days.

TextSentencer_T4630

541227-541328

Sentence

denotes

Samples were applied for culture and for determination of endotoxins (LPS) by the LAL QCL-1000 assay.

T52978

541227-541328

Sentence

denotes

Samples were applied for culture and for determination of endotoxins (LPS) by the LAL QCL-1000 assay.

TextSentencer_T4631

541329-541481

Sentence

denotes

Concentrations of LPS (mean9/SD) of group A were 1.159/0.74, 2.249/0.74, 1.609/0.81 and 2.349/0.70 EU/ml on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day, respectively.

T3173

541329-541481

Sentence

denotes

Concentrations of LPS (mean9/SD) of group A were 1.159/0.74, 2.249/0.74, 1.609/0.81 and 2.349/0.70 EU/ml on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day, respectively.

TextSentencer_T4632

541482-541592

Sentence

denotes

Respective concentrations of LPS (mean9/SD) of group B were 0.849/0.28, 0.659/0.12, 0.819/0.20 and 0.609/0.42.

T92522

541482-541592

Sentence

denotes

Respective concentrations of LPS (mean9/SD) of group B were 0.849/0.28, 0.659/0.12, 0.819/0.20 and 0.609/0.42.

TextSentencer_T4633

541593-541640

Sentence

denotes

All blood cultures were sterile in both groups.

T76995

541593-541640

Sentence

denotes

All blood cultures were sterile in both groups.

TextSentencer_T4634

541641-541652

Sentence

denotes

Differences

T80608

541641-541652

Sentence

denotes

Differences

CORD-19:c654596857bce9cdd64ffc51842048643107348c JSON TXT 9 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

CORD-19:c654596857bce9cdd64ffc51842048643107348c JSONTXT 9 Projects

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CORD-19:c654596857bce9cdd64ffc51842048643107348c JSON TXT 9 Projects