CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:00676f1131e03ca8defe523e79bc1635cc933909 JSONTXT 8 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-136 Sentence denotes Dromedary camels in northern Mali have high seropositivity to MERS-CoV-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
TextSentencer_T1 0-136 Sentence denotes Dromedary camels in northern Mali have high seropositivity to MERS-CoV-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
TextSentencer_T2 138-146 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 138-146 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 147-329 Sentence denotes A high percentage (up to 90%) of dromedary camels in the Middle East as well as eastern and central Africa have antibodies to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
TextSentencer_T3 147-329 Sentence denotes A high percentage (up to 90%) of dromedary camels in the Middle East as well as eastern and central Africa have antibodies to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
TextSentencer_T4 330-434 Sentence denotes Here we report comparably high positivity of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels from northern Mali.
TextSentencer_T4 330-434 Sentence denotes Here we report comparably high positivity of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels from northern Mali.
TextSentencer_T5 435-616 Sentence denotes This extends the range of MERS-CoV further west in Africa than reported to date and cautions that MERS-CoV should be considered in cases of severe respiratory disease in the region.
TextSentencer_T5 435-616 Sentence denotes This extends the range of MERS-CoV further west in Africa than reported to date and cautions that MERS-CoV should be considered in cases of severe respiratory disease in the region.
TextSentencer_T6 618-790 Sentence denotes Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) appear to play an important role in the maintenance of MERS-CoV in the environment and its subsequent transmission to humans [1, 2] .
TextSentencer_T6 618-790 Sentence denotes Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) appear to play an important role in the maintenance of MERS-CoV in the environment and its subsequent transmission to humans [1, 2] .
TextSentencer_T7 791-924 Sentence denotes While it is suspected that MERS-CoV originated in African bats [3] , contact with camels is associated with primary human infections.
TextSentencer_T7 791-924 Sentence denotes While it is suspected that MERS-CoV originated in African bats [3] , contact with camels is associated with primary human infections.
TextSentencer_T8 925-1093 Sentence denotes Serological evidence demonstrates that MERS-CoV (or serologically related viruses) have been present in camels in the Middle East and parts of Africa for over 30 years.
TextSentencer_T8 925-1093 Sentence denotes Serological evidence demonstrates that MERS-CoV (or serologically related viruses) have been present in camels in the Middle East and parts of Africa for over 30 years.
TextSentencer_T9 1094-1325 Sentence denotes Studies have found that a high proportion of camels from Egypt, Tunisia, Nigeria, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar and Jordan [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] have antibodies against MERS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T9 1094-1325 Sentence denotes Studies have found that a high proportion of camels from Egypt, Tunisia, Nigeria, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar and Jordan [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] have antibodies against MERS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T10 1326-1438 Sentence denotes This suggests that widespread exposure to MERS-CoV among camels has been ongoing for an extended period of time.
TextSentencer_T10 1326-1438 Sentence denotes This suggests that widespread exposure to MERS-CoV among camels has been ongoing for an extended period of time.
TextSentencer_T11 1439-1633 Sentence denotes In contrast, serum from other animals that are common in the Middle East including sheep, goats, cattle and horses has not been found to contain antibodies that are reactive to MERS-CoV [7, 8] .
TextSentencer_T11 1439-1633 Sentence denotes In contrast, serum from other animals that are common in the Middle East including sheep, goats, cattle and horses has not been found to contain antibodies that are reactive to MERS-CoV [7, 8] .
TextSentencer_T12 1634-1736 Sentence denotes Infectious virus has also been isolated from nasal swabs of camels in some of these regions [10, 11] .
TextSentencer_T12 1634-1736 Sentence denotes Infectious virus has also been isolated from nasal swabs of camels in some of these regions [10, 11] .
TextSentencer_T13 1737-1891 Sentence denotes Mali is one of the largest producers of camel milk in the world, and concomitantly has a large population of camelsestimated at just over 1 million [12] .
TextSentencer_T13 1737-1891 Sentence denotes Mali is one of the largest producers of camel milk in the world, and concomitantly has a large population of camelsestimated at just over 1 million [12] .
TextSentencer_T14 1892-2077 Sentence denotes While MERS-CoV seropositivity has been well established in the Middle East and eastern and central Africa, there are few data on camels in western Africa, with the exception of Nigeria.
TextSentencer_T14 1892-2077 Sentence denotes While MERS-CoV seropositivity has been well established in the Middle East and eastern and central Africa, there are few data on camels in western Africa, with the exception of Nigeria.
TextSentencer_T15 2078-2230 Sentence denotes To determine whether Malian camels have been exposed to MERS-CoV, serum from camels in northern and central Mali was assayed for reactivity to MERS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T15 2078-2230 Sentence denotes To determine whether Malian camels have been exposed to MERS-CoV, serum from camels in northern and central Mali was assayed for reactivity to MERS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T16 2231-2539 Sentence denotes Serum from 562 dromedary camels from 16 different locations in Kidal region (north-eastern Mali) and from 9 dromedary camels on a single farm in Nara (central Mali) were collected as part of a survey for peste des petits ruminants virus between November 2009 and February 2010 according to local regulations.
TextSentencer_T16 2231-2539 Sentence denotes Serum from 562 dromedary camels from 16 different locations in Kidal region (north-eastern Mali) and from 9 dromedary camels on a single farm in Nara (central Mali) were collected as part of a survey for peste des petits ruminants virus between November 2009 and February 2010 according to local regulations.
TextSentencer_T17 2540-2627 Sentence denotes Samples were stored at − 25°C at Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire (LCV) in Bamako, Mali.
TextSentencer_T17 2540-2627 Sentence denotes Samples were stored at − 25°C at Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire (LCV) in Bamako, Mali.
TextSentencer_T18 2628-2809 Sentence denotes For the MERS spike protein (S1) ELISA, serum obtained from LCV was diluted 1:1 in 0.2% Triton X − 100 (Sigma), heat inactivated for 15 min. at 65°C and subsequently stored at −20°C.
TextSentencer_T18 2628-2809 Sentence denotes For the MERS spike protein (S1) ELISA, serum obtained from LCV was diluted 1:1 in 0.2% Triton X − 100 (Sigma), heat inactivated for 15 min. at 65°C and subsequently stored at −20°C.
TextSentencer_T19 2810-2923 Sentence denotes NUNC MaxiSorp plates were coated with recombinant S1 antigen (1 μg/ml) (Sino Biological) in PBS overnight at 4°C.
TextSentencer_T19 2810-2923 Sentence denotes NUNC MaxiSorp plates were coated with recombinant S1 antigen (1 μg/ml) (Sino Biological) in PBS overnight at 4°C.
TextSentencer_T20 2924-3043 Sentence denotes Unbound antigen was removed and plates were blocked with blocking solution (PBS + 5% non-fat skim milk, 0.05% Tween20).
TextSentencer_T20 2924-3043 Sentence denotes Unbound antigen was removed and plates were blocked with blocking solution (PBS + 5% non-fat skim milk, 0.05% Tween20).
TextSentencer_T21 3044-3123 Sentence denotes Serum was diluted in blocking solution and added to the plates for 1 h at 37°C.
TextSentencer_T21 3044-3123 Sentence denotes Serum was diluted in blocking solution and added to the plates for 1 h at 37°C.
TextSentencer_T22 3124-3168 Sentence denotes Plates were washed with PBS + 0.05% Tween20.
TextSentencer_T22 3124-3168 Sentence denotes Plates were washed with PBS + 0.05% Tween20.
TextSentencer_T23 3169-3330 Sentence denotes A rabbit anti-llama IgG (H + L) HRP conjugated antibody (AgriSera) was used as the secondary antibody at 1:2000 in blocking buffer and incubated for 1 h at 37°C.
TextSentencer_T23 3169-3330 Sentence denotes A rabbit anti-llama IgG (H + L) HRP conjugated antibody (AgriSera) was used as the secondary antibody at 1:2000 in blocking buffer and incubated for 1 h at 37°C.
TextSentencer_T24 3331-3442 Sentence denotes Plates were washed, ABTS Peroxidase substrate (KPL) was added and plates were incubated in the dark for 30 min.
TextSentencer_T24 3331-3442 Sentence denotes Plates were washed, ABTS Peroxidase substrate (KPL) was added and plates were incubated in the dark for 30 min.
TextSentencer_T25 3443-3483 Sentence denotes Plates were subsequently read at 405 nm.
TextSentencer_T25 3443-3483 Sentence denotes Plates were subsequently read at 405 nm.
TextSentencer_T26 3484-3600 Sentence denotes It has been determined that this assay does not cross-react with antibodies to bovine coronavirus, OC43 or SARS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T26 3484-3600 Sentence denotes It has been determined that this assay does not cross-react with antibodies to bovine coronavirus, OC43 or SARS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T27 3601-3773 Sentence denotes Serum for microneutralization assays was aliquoted in Mali and imported into the United States via the USDA (Plum Island, NY) where it was inactivated by gamma irradiation.
TextSentencer_T27 3601-3773 Sentence denotes Serum for microneutralization assays was aliquoted in Mali and imported into the United States via the USDA (Plum Island, NY) where it was inactivated by gamma irradiation.
TextSentencer_T28 3774-3870 Sentence denotes 100 TCID 50 of MERS-CoV were added to two-fold dilutions of serum and incubated for 1 h at 37°C.
TextSentencer_T28 3774-3870 Sentence denotes 100 TCID 50 of MERS-CoV were added to two-fold dilutions of serum and incubated for 1 h at 37°C.
TextSentencer_T29 3871-3987 Sentence denotes The resulting mixture was added to Vero cells and incubated for 5 days when wells were scored for cytopathic effect.
TextSentencer_T29 3871-3987 Sentence denotes The resulting mixture was added to Vero cells and incubated for 5 days when wells were scored for cytopathic effect.
TextSentencer_T30 3988-4122 Sentence denotes The virus neutralization titer was expressed as the reciprocal value of the highest dilution of serum that inhibits virus replication.
TextSentencer_T30 3988-4122 Sentence denotes The virus neutralization titer was expressed as the reciprocal value of the highest dilution of serum that inhibits virus replication.
TextSentencer_T31 4123-4278 Sentence denotes Camels from Nara showed no reactivity at all dilutions in the MERS-CoV S1 ELISA and as such were used to set up cut-off values for all other samples (Figs.
TextSentencer_T31 4123-4278 Sentence denotes Camels from Nara showed no reactivity at all dilutions in the MERS-CoV S1 ELISA and as such were used to set up cut-off values for all other samples (Figs.
TextSentencer_T32 4279-4287 Sentence denotes 1A, 2) .
TextSentencer_T32 4279-4287 Sentence denotes 1A, 2) .
TextSentencer_T33 4288-4487 Sentence denotes Subsequent analysis of neutralizing activity of the sera from the Nara camels revealed no neutralization titers in a microneutralization assay, further supporting their lack of reactivity (Fig. 1B) .
TextSentencer_T33 4288-4487 Sentence denotes Subsequent analysis of neutralizing activity of the sera from the Nara camels revealed no neutralization titers in a microneutralization assay, further supporting their lack of reactivity (Fig. 1B) .
TextSentencer_T34 4488-4631 Sentence denotes At the lowest dilution tested in the MERS-CoV S1 ELISA (1:400), nearly all samples assayed (88%) were positive for antibodies that react to S1.
TextSentencer_T34 4488-4631 Sentence denotes At the lowest dilution tested in the MERS-CoV S1 ELISA (1:400), nearly all samples assayed (88%) were positive for antibodies that react to S1.
TextSentencer_T35 4632-4771 Sentence denotes While the positivity decreased with increasing dilution, 70% and 67% of samples respectively were positive at 1:1600 and 1:6400 (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T35 4632-4771 Sentence denotes While the positivity decreased with increasing dilution, 70% and 67% of samples respectively were positive at 1:1600 and 1:6400 (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T36 4772-4837 Sentence denotes Even at a dilution of 1:25,600, 24% of samples remained positive.
TextSentencer_T36 4772-4837 Sentence denotes Even at a dilution of 1:25,600, 24% of samples remained positive.
TextSentencer_T37 4838-4945 Sentence denotes There was no variation in seropositivity between different sampling locations in Kidal province (Fig. 1A) .
TextSentencer_T37 4838-4945 Sentence denotes There was no variation in seropositivity between different sampling locations in Kidal province (Fig. 1A) .
TextSentencer_T38 4946-5086 Sentence denotes In terms of seropositivity and approximate endpoint dilution, there were no notable differences when animals were categorized by age or sex.
TextSentencer_T38 4946-5086 Sentence denotes In terms of seropositivity and approximate endpoint dilution, there were no notable differences when animals were categorized by age or sex.
TextSentencer_T39 5087-5246 Sentence denotes When camels were grouped by age (1-2, 3-8 and 9-16 years) neither the seropositivity rate (83, 91, 88%) nor the endpoint dilution were significantly different.
TextSentencer_T39 5087-5246 Sentence denotes When camels were grouped by age (1-2, 3-8 and 9-16 years) neither the seropositivity rate (83, 91, 88%) nor the endpoint dilution were significantly different.
TextSentencer_T40 5247-5370 Sentence denotes Similarly, the seropositivity rate in male (n = 245) and female (n = 328) camels of 86 and 92% respectively was comparable.
TextSentencer_T40 5247-5370 Sentence denotes Similarly, the seropositivity rate in male (n = 245) and female (n = 328) camels of 86 and 92% respectively was comparable.
TextSentencer_T41 5371-5545 Sentence denotes A small number (n = 10) of serum samples from Malian cattle and sheep were also tested in the S1 ELISA but consistent with reports from other countries [8, 13] were negative.
TextSentencer_T41 5371-5545 Sentence denotes A small number (n = 10) of serum samples from Malian cattle and sheep were also tested in the S1 ELISA but consistent with reports from other countries [8, 13] were negative.
TextSentencer_T42 5546-5698 Sentence denotes To confirm data from the S1 ELISA, as subset samples (n = 147) were assayed for neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV in a microneutralization assay.
TextSentencer_T42 5546-5698 Sentence denotes To confirm data from the S1 ELISA, as subset samples (n = 147) were assayed for neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV in a microneutralization assay.
TextSentencer_T43 5699-5818 Sentence denotes Of the animals tested, 78% had neutralizing antibodies with a reciprocal titer ≥ 20, with titers up to 1920 (Fig. 2B) .
TextSentencer_T43 5699-5818 Sentence denotes Of the animals tested, 78% had neutralizing antibodies with a reciprocal titer ≥ 20, with titers up to 1920 (Fig. 2B) .
TextSentencer_T44 5819-6023 Sentence denotes The frequency of camels that are positive in the S1 ELISA and have neutralizing antibodies suggests that the majority of camels in northeastern Mali have been exposed to MERS-CoV or a MERS-CoV-like virus.
TextSentencer_T44 5819-6023 Sentence denotes The frequency of camels that are positive in the S1 ELISA and have neutralizing antibodies suggests that the majority of camels in northeastern Mali have been exposed to MERS-CoV or a MERS-CoV-like virus.
TextSentencer_T45 6024-6166 Sentence denotes The camels in Kidal province are used for transport and frequently cover vast distances, interact with other animals, and are actively traded.
TextSentencer_T45 6024-6166 Sentence denotes The camels in Kidal province are used for transport and frequently cover vast distances, interact with other animals, and are actively traded.
TextSentencer_T46 6167-6282 Sentence denotes A subset of these samples was from military camels that provide transport over most of the northern region of Mali.
TextSentencer_T46 6167-6282 Sentence denotes A subset of these samples was from military camels that provide transport over most of the northern region of Mali.
TextSentencer_T47 6283-6453 Sentence denotes Camels from the Kidal region are also frequently used for transportation to trading posts in Algeria, highlighting the need for further studies in neighbouring countries.
TextSentencer_T47 6283-6453 Sentence denotes Camels from the Kidal region are also frequently used for transportation to trading posts in Algeria, highlighting the need for further studies in neighbouring countries.
TextSentencer_T48 6454-6579 Sentence denotes In contrast, the dromedary camels in Nara were used exclusively on a farm and it is assumed that they did not leave the farm.
TextSentencer_T48 6454-6579 Sentence denotes In contrast, the dromedary camels in Nara were used exclusively on a farm and it is assumed that they did not leave the farm.
TextSentencer_T49 6580-6775 Sentence denotes Based on the currently available data, camels in the Middle East and in every country in Africa where sampling has been performed have high rates of exposure to MERS-CoV or MERS-CoV-like viruses.
TextSentencer_T49 6580-6775 Sentence denotes Based on the currently available data, camels in the Middle East and in every country in Africa where sampling has been performed have high rates of exposure to MERS-CoV or MERS-CoV-like viruses.
TextSentencer_T50 6776-6924 Sentence denotes So far only studies of camels in Kenya, Tunisia and the Canary Islands have reported less than half of the camels in the study positive [5, 6, 14] .
TextSentencer_T50 6776-6924 Sentence denotes So far only studies of camels in Kenya, Tunisia and the Canary Islands have reported less than half of the camels in the study positive [5, 6, 14] .
TextSentencer_T51 6925-7080 Sentence denotes Only dromedary camels from central Asia (Kazakhstan) [15] and Australia [16] appear to not have evidence of exposure to MERS-CoV in samples tested to date.
TextSentencer_T51 6925-7080 Sentence denotes Only dromedary camels from central Asia (Kazakhstan) [15] and Australia [16] appear to not have evidence of exposure to MERS-CoV in samples tested to date.
TextSentencer_T52 7081-7224 Sentence denotes The data presented in this study show that Malian camels have comparable levels of seropositivity to Middle Eastern and east African countries.
TextSentencer_T52 7081-7224 Sentence denotes The data presented in this study show that Malian camels have comparable levels of seropositivity to Middle Eastern and east African countries.
TextSentencer_T53 7225-7375 Sentence denotes Thus it seems likely that most regions of Africa with large camel populations that are not geographically isolated will have been exposed to MERS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T53 7225-7375 Sentence denotes Thus it seems likely that most regions of Africa with large camel populations that are not geographically isolated will have been exposed to MERS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T54 7376-7579 Sentence denotes This is remarkable given that there has yet to be a confirmed locally acquired human MERS-CoV case identified in Africa, likely due to lack of diagnostic resources and previous lack of general awareness.
TextSentencer_T54 7376-7579 Sentence denotes This is remarkable given that there has yet to be a confirmed locally acquired human MERS-CoV case identified in Africa, likely due to lack of diagnostic resources and previous lack of general awareness.
TextSentencer_T55 7580-7759 Sentence denotes It is also possible that transmission requires some environmental or activity-based conditions that are more prevalent in the Middle East, especially Saudi Arabia, than in Africa.
TextSentencer_T55 7580-7759 Sentence denotes It is also possible that transmission requires some environmental or activity-based conditions that are more prevalent in the Middle East, especially Saudi Arabia, than in Africa.
TextSentencer_T56 7760-7938 Sentence denotes A serosurvey of human populations in African countries with high numbers of camels would be valuable, as would heightened surveillance for undiagnosed severe respiratory disease.
TextSentencer_T56 7760-7938 Sentence denotes A serosurvey of human populations in African countries with high numbers of camels would be valuable, as would heightened surveillance for undiagnosed severe respiratory disease.
TextSentencer_T57 7939-8138 Sentence denotes Additionally, sampling of camels for isolation and characterization of viruses would be useful to determine the similarity of viruses circulating in Mali compared to the viruses from the Middle East.
TextSentencer_T57 7939-8138 Sentence denotes Additionally, sampling of camels for isolation and characterization of viruses would be useful to determine the similarity of viruses circulating in Mali compared to the viruses from the Middle East.
TextSentencer_T58 8139-8283 Sentence denotes Dromedary camels in northern Mali have been exposed to MERS-CoV or a MERS-CoV-like virus, with nearly 90% of animals having reactive antibodies.
TextSentencer_T58 8139-8283 Sentence denotes Dromedary camels in northern Mali have been exposed to MERS-CoV or a MERS-CoV-like virus, with nearly 90% of animals having reactive antibodies.
TextSentencer_T59 8284-8478 Sentence denotes This expands the distribution of MERS-CoV westward, and when combined with data from others suggests that most regions of Africa with camels likely have a high frequency of exposure to MERS-CoV.
TextSentencer_T59 8284-8478 Sentence denotes This expands the distribution of MERS-CoV westward, and when combined with data from others suggests that most regions of Africa with camels likely have a high frequency of exposure to MERS-CoV.