Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-174 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Transmission of droplet-conveyed infectious agents such as SARS-CoV-2 by speech and vocal exercises during speech therapy: preliminary experiment concerning airflow velocity. |
T2 |
175-183 |
Sentence |
denotes |
PURPOSE: |
T3 |
184-276 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Infectious agents, such as SARS-CoV-2, can be carried by droplets expelled during breathing. |
T4 |
277-358 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The spatial dissemination of droplets varies according to their initial velocity. |
T5 |
359-473 |
Sentence |
denotes |
After a short literature review, our goal was to determine the velocity of the exhaled air during vocal exercises. |
T6 |
474-482 |
Sentence |
denotes |
METHODS: |
T7 |
483-614 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A propylene glycol cloud produced by 2 e-cigarettes' users allowed visualization of the exhaled air emitted during vocal exercises. |
T8 |
615-743 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Airflow velocities were measured during the first 200 ms of a long exhalation, a sustained vowel /a/ and varied vocal exercises. |
T9 |
744-853 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For the long exhalation and the sustained vowel /a/, the decrease of airflow velocity was measured until 3 s. |
T10 |
854-989 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Results were compared with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study using boundary conditions consistent with our experimental study. |
T11 |
990-998 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
T12 |
999-1114 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Regarding the production of vowels, higher velocities were found in loud and whispered voices than in normal voice. |
T13 |
1115-1189 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Voiced consonants like /ʒ/ or /v/ generated higher velocities than vowels. |
T14 |
1190-1301 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Some voiceless consonants, e.g., /t/ generated high velocities, but long exhalation had the highest velocities. |
T15 |
1302-1433 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises generated faster airflow velocities than loud speech, with a decreased velocity during voicing. |
T16 |
1434-1536 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The initial velocity quickly decreased as was shown during a long exhalation or a sustained vowel /a/. |
T17 |
1537-1582 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Velocities were consistent with the CFD data. |
T18 |
1583-1594 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSION: |
T19 |
1595-1679 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Initial velocity of the exhaled air is a key factor influencing droplets trajectory. |
T20 |
1680-1766 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our study revealed that vocal exercises produce a slower airflow than long exhalation. |
T21 |
1767-1902 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Speech therapy should, therefore, not be associated with an increased risk of contamination when implementing standard recommendations. |