PubMed:32676677 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PubMed/sourceid/32676677","sourcedb":"PubMed","sourceid":"32676677","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32676677","text":"Transmission of droplet-conveyed infectious agents such as SARS-CoV-2 by speech and vocal exercises during speech therapy: preliminary experiment concerning airflow velocity.\nPURPOSE: Infectious agents, such as SARS-CoV-2, can be carried by droplets expelled during breathing. The spatial dissemination of droplets varies according to their initial velocity. After a short literature review, our goal was to determine the velocity of the exhaled air during vocal exercises.\nMETHODS: A propylene glycol cloud produced by 2 e-cigarettes' users allowed visualization of the exhaled air emitted during vocal exercises. Airflow velocities were measured during the first 200 ms of a long exhalation, a sustained vowel /a/ and varied vocal exercises. For the long exhalation and the sustained vowel /a/, the decrease of airflow velocity was measured until 3 s. Results were compared with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study using boundary conditions consistent with our experimental study.\nRESULTS: Regarding the production of vowels, higher velocities were found in loud and whispered voices than in normal voice. Voiced consonants like /ʒ/ or /v/ generated higher velocities than vowels. Some voiceless consonants, e.g., /t/ generated high velocities, but long exhalation had the highest velocities. Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises generated faster airflow velocities than loud speech, with a decreased velocity during voicing. The initial velocity quickly decreased as was shown during a long exhalation or a sustained vowel /a/. Velocities were consistent with the CFD data.\nCONCLUSION: Initial velocity of the exhaled air is a key factor influencing droplets trajectory. Our study revealed that vocal exercises produce a slower airflow than long exhalation. Speech therapy should, therefore, not be associated with an increased risk of contamination when implementing standard recommendations.","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":33,"end":43},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":59,"end":67},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":184,"end":194},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":365,"end":366},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":483,"end":484},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":669,"end":671},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":675,"end":676},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":694,"end":695},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":713,"end":714},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":793,"end":794},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":881,"end":882},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1397,"end":1398},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1493,"end":1494},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1514,"end":1515},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1533,"end":1534},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1634,"end":1635},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1728,"end":1729},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":485,"end":494},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":495,"end":501},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16052"},{"id":"A2","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_13643"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":266,"end":275},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007585"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":174},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":175,"end":183},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":184,"end":276},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":277,"end":358},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":359,"end":473},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":474,"end":482},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":483,"end":614},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":615,"end":743},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":744,"end":853},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":854,"end":989},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":990,"end":998},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":999,"end":1114},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1115,"end":1189},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1301},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1302,"end":1433},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1434,"end":1536},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1537,"end":1582},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1583,"end":1594},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1595,"end":1679},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1680,"end":1766},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1767,"end":1902},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T21","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#93ecb3","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#ec9993"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#93a6ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#c0ec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#ec93da"}]}]}}