Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T194 |
0-60 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Potential influence of G6PD deficiency on COVID-19 therapies |
T195 |
61-174 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Chloroquine (CQ), a 4-aminoquinoline drug, is commonly used in the treatment of malaria and amoebiasis [122,123]. |
T196 |
175-363 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is also used for treating autoimmune diseases, including lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, due to its capacity for modulating inflammation and the immune response [124,125]. |
T197 |
364-416 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The effect of CQ on certain viruses is inconclusive. |
T198 |
417-581 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A positive response is observed with CQ in chikungunya, HIV, and HCV infections [126–129], whereas it is not effective in influenza and dengue infections [126,130]. |
T199 |
582-723 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a derivative of chloroquine and its treatment for COVID-19 is currently being evaluated in clinical trials [131]. |
T200 |
724-819 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The potential use of HCQ against COVID-19 may raise safety issues in certain populations [132]. |
T201 |
820-919 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recent reports suggest that CQ or HCQ is possibly linked to hemolysis in G6PD deficiency [133–135]. |
T202 |
920-1073 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, two large retrospective studies indicated that no episode of hemolysis was found after HCQ treatment among G6PD-deficient individuals [136,137]. |
T203 |
1074-1196 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hence, the claim that oxidant hemolysis due to chloroquine exposure in G6PD-deficient individuals remains unsettled [138]. |
T204 |
1197-1330 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Despite the efforts of developing vaccines against COVID-19, studies show that the elderly are less responsive to immune stimulation. |
T205 |
1331-1442 |
Sentence |
denotes |
During aging, the depletion of naïve T cells and B cells weakens the immune defense against invading pathogens. |
T206 |
1443-1578 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, chronic and low-grade inflammation in the elderly, known as inflammaging, leads to a reduced ability to external stimulation. |
T207 |
1579-1678 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These events result in an impaired response to infection and dampen the reaction to vaccines [139]. |
T208 |
1679-1802 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Nevertheless, some anti-aging therapies show promising results related to enhancing the anti-viral response in the elderly. |
T209 |
1803-1930 |
Sentence |
denotes |
An mTOR inhibitor reduces infection, improves vaccination responses, and enhances the anti-viral response in the elderly [140]. |
T210 |
1931-2036 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Metformin is a common diabetic drug that indirectly inhibits mTOR and extends life span in animals [141]. |
T211 |
2037-2139 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mortality rate drops in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who have received metformin [142,143]. |
T212 |
2140-2234 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Senolytic drugs reduce inflammation and selectively remove senescent cells during aging [144]. |
T213 |
2235-2387 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These anti-aging compounds can exert their function in promoting healthspan by maintaining redox homeostasis and alleviating oxidative stress [145–147]. |
T214 |
2388-2504 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These compounds administered to the elderly with COVID-19 may reduce their mortality and improve recovery [148–151]. |
T215 |
2505-2701 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This opens the possibility of reducing the signs of aging or immunosenescence in the elderly population with drugs such as calorie restriction mimetics and senolytics before vaccination [152,153]. |
T216 |
2702-2850 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In particular, the elderly with G6PD deficiency may benefit from these treatments through boosting their antioxidative defense and immune responses. |