PMC:7796041 / 29917-33081 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"871","span":{"begin":423,"end":431},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"872","span":{"begin":259,"end":269},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"873","span":{"begin":305,"end":315},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"874","span":{"begin":408,"end":419},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"875","span":{"begin":522,"end":533},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"878","span":{"begin":1125,"end":1133},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"879","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1201},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"891","span":{"begin":1905,"end":1913},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"892","span":{"begin":2174,"end":2182},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"893","span":{"begin":2715,"end":2723},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"894","span":{"begin":3155,"end":3163},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"895","span":{"begin":2491,"end":2509},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"896","span":{"begin":1895,"end":1903},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"897","span":{"begin":2475,"end":2483},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"898","span":{"begin":2643,"end":2653},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"899","span":{"begin":2913,"end":2923},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"900","span":{"begin":2951,"end":2959},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"901","span":{"begin":3146,"end":3154},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A871","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"871","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A872","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"872","obj":"MESH:D001145"},{"id":"A873","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"873","obj":"MESH:D001145"},{"id":"A874","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"874","obj":"MESH:D001145"},{"id":"A875","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"875","obj":"MESH:D001145"},{"id":"A878","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"878","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A879","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"879","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A891","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"891","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A892","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"892","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A893","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"893","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A894","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"894","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A896","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"896","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A897","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"897","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A898","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"898","obj":"MESH:D001145"},{"id":"A899","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"899","obj":"MESH:D001145"},{"id":"A900","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"900","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A901","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"901","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Limitations\nDue to its retrospective design, this study carries inherent limitations. Despite thorough analysis of clinical records and use of different source documents (e.g., discharge notes, nurses’ reports, daily doctors’ documentation) underreporting of arrhythmia events cannot be excluded. Not all arrhythmic events during the clinical course may have been documented in written reports. Asymptomatic arrhythmias in patients without continuous ECG-monitoring may also have been missed. However, clinically relevant arrhythmias leading to medical interventions are documented as part of the participating centers’ standards.\nBaseline and outcome data recorded in this study were prespecified and screened for in the available clinical documents. Missing parameters were specifically inquired from the participating centers. Due to different admission protocols and diagnostic standards, there are remaining missing values with regard to certain baseline parameters or biomarker measurements. However, we clearly indicate this limitation in the respective tables whenever information was available only in a subgroup of patients. QTc-duration was available at baseline in the majority of patients, however, due to different standards of ECG-based follow-up, QTc-duration in the course of hospitalization, e.g., during therapy with QT-prolonging drugs, could not be systematically analyzed.\nInclusion of both tertiary and secondary-level hospitals may lead to treatment bias due to different standards of care or available facilities. Importantly, in our study, all contributing centers provide intermediate and intensive care units and operate according to national and international guidelines. Cardiorespiratory monitoring, non-invasive and mechanical ventilation are carried out according to guidelines in all participating centers. All centers treated both moderate and severe cases of COVID-19. Patients requiring extracorporeal life support were primarily treated at tertiary centers but constituted a minority of subjects in this study cohort. Therefore, we do not expect significant bias due to differences in center size. However, due to the limited number of patients in the respective subgroups a comprehensive analysis of this aspect was not feasible. In order to provide further insight, we present an overview into the types and individual contribution of participating centers (Table S1). Additionally, individual specific therapy attemps with respect to COVID-19, e.g., hydroxochloroquine administration, were specified (Table 1). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) may have constituted an additional predictor for arrhythmia, however, the value was not provided in a relevant number of patients in this cohorts. In order to account for this limitation, we attempted imputation of these values (Supplementary Materials) hinting at a potential role of reduced LVEF as a risk factor for arrhythmia during hospitalization for COVID-19. However, these results are exploratory and have to be interpreted with caution due to the high number of missing values. Further efforts should be made to study this specific aspect in COVID-19 patients."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T207","span":{"begin":259,"end":269},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T208","span":{"begin":408,"end":419},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T209","span":{"begin":522,"end":533},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T210","span":{"begin":2643,"end":2653},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T211","span":{"begin":2913,"end":2923},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A207","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T207","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"},{"id":"A208","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T208","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"},{"id":"A209","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T209","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"},{"id":"A210","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T210","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"},{"id":"A211","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T211","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"}],"text":"Limitations\nDue to its retrospective design, this study carries inherent limitations. Despite thorough analysis of clinical records and use of different source documents (e.g., discharge notes, nurses’ reports, daily doctors’ documentation) underreporting of arrhythmia events cannot be excluded. Not all arrhythmic events during the clinical course may have been documented in written reports. Asymptomatic arrhythmias in patients without continuous ECG-monitoring may also have been missed. However, clinically relevant arrhythmias leading to medical interventions are documented as part of the participating centers’ standards.\nBaseline and outcome data recorded in this study were prespecified and screened for in the available clinical documents. Missing parameters were specifically inquired from the participating centers. Due to different admission protocols and diagnostic standards, there are remaining missing values with regard to certain baseline parameters or biomarker measurements. However, we clearly indicate this limitation in the respective tables whenever information was available only in a subgroup of patients. QTc-duration was available at baseline in the majority of patients, however, due to different standards of ECG-based follow-up, QTc-duration in the course of hospitalization, e.g., during therapy with QT-prolonging drugs, could not be systematically analyzed.\nInclusion of both tertiary and secondary-level hospitals may lead to treatment bias due to different standards of care or available facilities. Importantly, in our study, all contributing centers provide intermediate and intensive care units and operate according to national and international guidelines. Cardiorespiratory monitoring, non-invasive and mechanical ventilation are carried out according to guidelines in all participating centers. All centers treated both moderate and severe cases of COVID-19. Patients requiring extracorporeal life support were primarily treated at tertiary centers but constituted a minority of subjects in this study cohort. Therefore, we do not expect significant bias due to differences in center size. However, due to the limited number of patients in the respective subgroups a comprehensive analysis of this aspect was not feasible. In order to provide further insight, we present an overview into the types and individual contribution of participating centers (Table S1). Additionally, individual specific therapy attemps with respect to COVID-19, e.g., hydroxochloroquine administration, were specified (Table 1). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) may have constituted an additional predictor for arrhythmia, however, the value was not provided in a relevant number of patients in this cohorts. In order to account for this limitation, we attempted imputation of these values (Supplementary Materials) hinting at a potential role of reduced LVEF as a risk factor for arrhythmia during hospitalization for COVID-19. However, these results are exploratory and have to be interpreted with caution due to the high number of missing values. Further efforts should be made to study this specific aspect in COVID-19 patients."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":0,"end":11},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":12,"end":85},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T239","span":{"begin":86,"end":296},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":297,"end":394},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T241","span":{"begin":395,"end":492},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T242","span":{"begin":493,"end":630},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T243","span":{"begin":631,"end":751},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T244","span":{"begin":752,"end":829},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":830,"end":997},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T246","span":{"begin":998,"end":1134},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T247","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1394},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T248","span":{"begin":1395,"end":1538},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T249","span":{"begin":1539,"end":1700},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T250","span":{"begin":1701,"end":1840},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":1841,"end":1904},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T252","span":{"begin":1905,"end":2055},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":2056,"end":2135},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":2136,"end":2268},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":2269,"end":2408},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":2409,"end":2551},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":2552,"end":2740},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":2741,"end":2960},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T259","span":{"begin":2961,"end":3081},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":3082,"end":3164},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Limitations\nDue to its retrospective design, this study carries inherent limitations. Despite thorough analysis of clinical records and use of different source documents (e.g., discharge notes, nurses’ reports, daily doctors’ documentation) underreporting of arrhythmia events cannot be excluded. Not all arrhythmic events during the clinical course may have been documented in written reports. Asymptomatic arrhythmias in patients without continuous ECG-monitoring may also have been missed. However, clinically relevant arrhythmias leading to medical interventions are documented as part of the participating centers’ standards.\nBaseline and outcome data recorded in this study were prespecified and screened for in the available clinical documents. Missing parameters were specifically inquired from the participating centers. Due to different admission protocols and diagnostic standards, there are remaining missing values with regard to certain baseline parameters or biomarker measurements. However, we clearly indicate this limitation in the respective tables whenever information was available only in a subgroup of patients. QTc-duration was available at baseline in the majority of patients, however, due to different standards of ECG-based follow-up, QTc-duration in the course of hospitalization, e.g., during therapy with QT-prolonging drugs, could not be systematically analyzed.\nInclusion of both tertiary and secondary-level hospitals may lead to treatment bias due to different standards of care or available facilities. Importantly, in our study, all contributing centers provide intermediate and intensive care units and operate according to national and international guidelines. Cardiorespiratory monitoring, non-invasive and mechanical ventilation are carried out according to guidelines in all participating centers. All centers treated both moderate and severe cases of COVID-19. Patients requiring extracorporeal life support were primarily treated at tertiary centers but constituted a minority of subjects in this study cohort. Therefore, we do not expect significant bias due to differences in center size. However, due to the limited number of patients in the respective subgroups a comprehensive analysis of this aspect was not feasible. In order to provide further insight, we present an overview into the types and individual contribution of participating centers (Table S1). Additionally, individual specific therapy attemps with respect to COVID-19, e.g., hydroxochloroquine administration, were specified (Table 1). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) may have constituted an additional predictor for arrhythmia, however, the value was not provided in a relevant number of patients in this cohorts. In order to account for this limitation, we attempted imputation of these values (Supplementary Materials) hinting at a potential role of reduced LVEF as a risk factor for arrhythmia during hospitalization for COVID-19. However, these results are exploratory and have to be interpreted with caution due to the high number of missing values. Further efforts should be made to study this specific aspect in COVID-19 patients."}