PMC:7560808 / 10877-12076
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7560808","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7560808","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7560808","text":"In summary, we found injury of the eGC and speculate that this might represent a potentially critical hallmark of later widespread endothelial injury in severe COVID-19. Reduced eGC thickness was visualized in vivo by employing sublingual SDF imaging in patients. At the same time, increased syndecan-1 and sTie-2 concentrations in the blood of these patients indicated shedding of important endothelial transmembrane proteins responsible for building (5) and maintaining (6) the structure of the eGC, respectively. Interestingly, eGC shedding could be reproduced when patient blood was transferred ex vivo into an endothelial microcapillary chip model. Although Hpa-1 and its enzymatic activity (primarily responsible for HS degradation) (7) was found to be normal, Hpa-2, a protein that has been described as a protective antagonist of Hpa-1 (8, 9), was severely depleted in COVID-19. Importantly, degradation of the eGC after perfusion with COVID-19 serum could be attenuated in ECs overexpressing Hpa-2. We therefore postulate that acquired Hpa-2 deficiency might represent a potential mechanism of injury to the eGC, which could later progress to widespread endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19.","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":292,"end":300},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":336,"end":341},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":404,"end":426},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":577,"end":582},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":723,"end":725},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":776,"end":783},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":953,"end":958},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A58","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63021"},{"id":"A59","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A60","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67858"},{"id":"A61","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A62","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023"},{"id":"A63","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A64","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"},{"subj":"T58","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T59","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T60","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T61","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T62","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T63","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T64","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":228,"end":238},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":336,"end":341},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":577,"end":582},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":953,"end":958},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A21","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001275"},{"id":"A22","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A23","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A24","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"},{"subj":"T21","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"},{"subj":"T22","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"},{"subj":"T23","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"},{"subj":"T24","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":21,"end":27},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":143,"end":149},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":160,"end":168},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":877,"end":885},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":944,"end":952},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":1103,"end":1109},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1198},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A72","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A73","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A74","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A75","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A76","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A77","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A78","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"subj":"T72","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T73","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T74","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T75","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T76","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T77","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T78","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":79,"end":80},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":336,"end":341},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":336,"end":341},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":577,"end":582},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":577,"end":582},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":687,"end":695},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":771,"end":775},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":789,"end":792},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":811,"end":812},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":982,"end":985},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1079},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T91","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T92","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T93","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T94","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T95","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T96","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T97","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T98","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T99","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T100","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T101","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":418,"end":426},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":723,"end":725},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":776,"end":783},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":824,"end":834},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A48","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A49","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056"},{"id":"A50","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815"},{"id":"A51","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A52","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706"},{"subj":"T48","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T49","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T51","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T52","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":726,"end":737},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":900,"end":911},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":0,"end":169},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":170,"end":263},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":264,"end":515},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":516,"end":653},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":654,"end":886},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":887,"end":1007},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":1008,"end":1199},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T121","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T122","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T123","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T124","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T125","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T126","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T127","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope","denotations":[{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":723,"end":725},"obj":"GlycoEpitope"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A10","pred":"glyco_epitope_db_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1186},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A11","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032654"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"296","span":{"begin":292,"end":302},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"297","span":{"begin":663,"end":668},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"298","span":{"begin":767,"end":772},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"299","span":{"begin":838,"end":843},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"300","span":{"begin":1001,"end":1006},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"301","span":{"begin":254,"end":262},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"302","span":{"begin":351,"end":359},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"303","span":{"begin":569,"end":576},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"304","span":{"begin":178,"end":181},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"305","span":{"begin":239,"end":242},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"306","span":{"begin":919,"end":922},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"307","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1120},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"308","span":{"begin":131,"end":149},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"309","span":{"begin":160,"end":168},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"310","span":{"begin":877,"end":885},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"311","span":{"begin":944,"end":952},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"312","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1061},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"313","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1198},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A296","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"296","obj":"Gene:6382"},{"id":"A297","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"297","obj":"Gene:10855"},{"id":"A298","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"298","obj":"Gene:60495"},{"id":"A299","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"299","obj":"Gene:10855"},{"id":"A300","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"300","obj":"Gene:60495"},{"id":"A301","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"301","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A302","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"302","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A303","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"303","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A308","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"308","obj":"MESH:D014947"},{"id":"A309","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"309","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A310","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"310","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A311","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"311","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A312","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"312","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A313","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"313","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"subj":"296","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"297","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"298","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"299","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"300","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"301","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"302","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"303","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"304","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"305","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"306","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"307","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"308","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"309","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"310","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"311","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"312","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"313","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#ec93a2","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","color":"#93bcec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#d6ec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#e893ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#93ecce"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#ecb493"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#9a93ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope","color":"#a5ec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#ec93bf"},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#93d9ec"}]}]}}