PMC:7346000 / 90-1700
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7346000","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7346000","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7346000","text":"Like severe influenza, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has emerged as an important disease that predisposes patients to secondary pulmonary aspergillosis, with 35 cases of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) published until June 2020. The release of danger-associated molecular patterns during severe COVID-19 results in both pulmonary epithelial damage and inflammatory disease, which are predisposing risk factors for pulmonary aspergillosis. Moreover, collateral effects of host recognition pathways required for the activation of antiviral immunity may, paradoxically, contribute to a highly permissive inflammatory environment that favors fungal pathogenesis. Diagnosis of CAPA remains challenging, mainly because bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan testing and culture, which represent the most sensitive diagnostic tests for aspergillosis in the ICU, are hindered by the fact that bronchoscopies are rarely performed in COVID-19 patients due to the risk of disease transmission. Similarly, autopsies are rarely performed, which may result in an underestimation of the prevalence of CAPA. Finally, the treatment of CAPA is complicated by drug–drug interactions associated with broad spectrum azoles, renal tropism and damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, which may challenge the use of liposomal amphotericin B, as well as the emergence of azole-resistance. This clinical reality creates an urgency for new antifungal drugs currently in advanced clinical development with more promising pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"25","span":{"begin":166,"end":174},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"26","span":{"begin":1016,"end":1024},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"27","span":{"begin":1321,"end":1331},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"28","span":{"begin":12,"end":21},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"29","span":{"begin":821,"end":834},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"30","span":{"begin":1278,"end":1284},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"31","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1388},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"32","span":{"begin":1418,"end":1423},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"33","span":{"begin":23,"end":45},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"34","span":{"begin":47,"end":55},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"35","span":{"begin":70,"end":105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"36","span":{"begin":107,"end":111},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"37","span":{"begin":188,"end":211},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"38","span":{"begin":230,"end":238},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"39","span":{"begin":250,"end":273},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"40","span":{"begin":374,"end":382},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"41","span":{"begin":399,"end":451},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"42","span":{"begin":493,"end":516},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"43","span":{"begin":912,"end":925},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"44","span":{"begin":1007,"end":1015},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"45","span":{"begin":1286,"end":1299},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A25","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"25","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A26","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"26","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A27","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"27","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A28","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"28","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A29","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"29","obj":"MESH:C012990"},{"id":"A30","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"30","obj":"MESH:D001393"},{"id":"A31","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"31","obj":"MESH:D000666"},{"id":"A32","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"32","obj":"MESH:D001393"},{"id":"A33","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"33","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A34","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"34","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A35","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"35","obj":"MESH:D012128"},{"id":"A36","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"36","obj":"MESH:D012128"},{"id":"A37","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"37","obj":"MESH:D055732"},{"id":"A38","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"38","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A39","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"39","obj":"MESH:D055732"},{"id":"A40","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"40","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A41","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"41","obj":"MESH:D008171"},{"id":"A42","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"42","obj":"MESH:D055732"},{"id":"A43","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"43","obj":"MESH:D001228"},{"id":"A44","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"44","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A45","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"45","obj":"MESH:D007674"},{"subj":"25","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"26","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"27","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"28","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"29","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"30","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"31","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"32","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"33","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"34","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"35","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"36","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"37","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"38","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"39","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"40","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"41","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"42","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"43","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"44","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"45","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":12,"end":21},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":47,"end":55},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":70,"end":105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":76,"end":105},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":107,"end":111},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":198,"end":211},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":230,"end":238},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":260,"end":273},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":275,"end":279},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":374,"end":382},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":431,"end":451},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":503,"end":516},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":751,"end":755},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":912,"end":925},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1007,"end":1015},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1169,"end":1173},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1201,"end":1205},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1321,"end":1329},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007163"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007163"},{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657"},{"id":"A18","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A19","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007163"},{"id":"A20","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007163"},{"id":"A21","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T21","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":113,"end":116},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":218,"end":220},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":409,"end":419},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":593,"end":603},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":660,"end":661},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":835,"end":842},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":902,"end":907},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1387,"end":1388},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":607,"end":616},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":821,"end":834},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1228},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1233},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1278,"end":1284},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1388},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1418,"end":1423},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1485,"end":1501},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1496,"end":1501},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A2","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27680"},{"id":"A3","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A4","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A5","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68452"},{"id":"A6","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2682"},{"id":"A7","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68452"},{"id":"A8","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35718"},{"id":"A9","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86327"},{"id":"A10","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":724,"end":736},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1299},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":821,"end":834},"obj":"GlycoEpitope"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"glyco_epitope_db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":76,"end":96},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":0,"end":307},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":308,"end":517},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":518,"end":737},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":738,"end":1065},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1174},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1175,"end":1435},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1436,"end":1610},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#93a4ec","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#beec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#ec93d8"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#93ece6"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#eccc93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope","color":"#b293ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#93ec98"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#ec93a7"}]}]}}