PMC:7281546 / 9245-10863 JSONTXT

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Nsp3 contains two papain-like protease domains (PLP1 and PLP2 or PLpro) that cleave the nsp1–4 region of the replicase polyprotein at three sites. Nsp5, a chymotrypsin-like enzyme also known as 3C-like protease, cleaves the polyprotein at remaining cleavage sites [43]. The C terminus of viral genome contains five ORFs, encoding four structure proteins (spike protein (S), small envelope glycoprotein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N)), as well as a hypothetical accessory protein ORF3 [44,45,46]. The 16 nsps, together with the N protein, and several host proteins, form a large replication and transcription complex (RTC) that engages in the minus-strand RNA synthesis, using viral genomic RNA. 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