PMC:7190487 / 2875-3705 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7190487","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7190487","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7190487","text":"2.2 Metformin-mTOR-Coronavirus\nThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of influenza, besides modulating antibody response for cross-protective immunity against infective influenza viruses. Metformin activates AMPK via liver kinase B1 (LKB1), inhibiting the mTOR pathway. It also indirectly attenuates AKT activation through phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) resulting in inhibition of the mTOR signalling cascade [11]. Other biguanide molecules, buformin and phenformin have been associated with better survival outcomes in animal models of influenza [12], [13]. Further, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays major roles in MERS‑CoV infection [14]. Since metformin inhibits the same pathway, it would be interesting to decipher its role against SARS-CoV-2.","divisions":[{"label":"label","span":{"begin":0,"end":3}},{"label":"title","span":{"begin":5,"end":31}}],"tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":161,"end":169},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":275,"end":280},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":400,"end":407},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A15","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A16","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7197"},{"id":"A17","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83365"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":275,"end":280},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A6","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":131,"end":140},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":227,"end":236},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":620,"end":629},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":707,"end":716},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":819,"end":827},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A19","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A20","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A21","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A22","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A23","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T21","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T22","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T23","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":73,"end":83},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":237,"end":244},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":256,"end":265},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":275,"end":280},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":275,"end":280},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000887"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":362,"end":372},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":400,"end":416},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000009064"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":473,"end":483},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":493,"end":495},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":603,"end":609},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T40","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T41","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T42","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T43","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T44","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T45","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T46","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T47","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T48","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T49","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":5,"end":14},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":56,"end":65},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":246,"end":255},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":400,"end":407},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":504,"end":513},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":514,"end":523},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":538,"end":548},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":729,"end":738},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A42","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T42","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801"},{"id":"A43","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T43","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9168"},{"id":"A44","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801"},{"id":"A45","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145810"},{"id":"A46","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3095"},{"id":"A47","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A48","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8064"},{"id":"A49","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801"},{"subj":"T42","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T43","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T44","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T45","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T46","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T47","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T48","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T49","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":73,"end":83},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":115,"end":127},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":266,"end":270},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":266,"end":270},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":266,"end":270},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":381,"end":396},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":473,"end":491},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007165"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":473,"end":483},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":655,"end":659},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016303"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T27","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T28","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T29","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T30","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T31","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T32","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T33","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T34","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T35","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":0,"end":31},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":32,"end":245},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":246,"end":327},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":328,"end":497},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":498,"end":641},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":642,"end":722},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":723,"end":830},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T26","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T27","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T28","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T29","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T30","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T31","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T32","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32360697-21421541-25244887","span":{"begin":493,"end":495},"obj":"21421541"},{"id":"32360697-5447272-25244888","span":{"begin":631,"end":633},"obj":"5447272"},{"id":"32360697-32313883-25244889","span":{"begin":637,"end":639},"obj":"32313883"},{"id":"32360697-25487801-25244890","span":{"begin":718,"end":720},"obj":"25487801"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"32360697-21421541-25244887","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"32360697-5447272-25244888","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"32360697-32313883-25244889","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"32360697-25487801-25244890","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"126","span":{"begin":15,"end":19},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"127","span":{"begin":5,"end":14},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"150","span":{"begin":36,"end":65},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"151","span":{"begin":67,"end":71},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"152","span":{"begin":266,"end":270},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"153","span":{"begin":275,"end":290},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"154","span":{"begin":292,"end":296},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"155","span":{"begin":314,"end":318},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"156","span":{"begin":358,"end":361},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"157","span":{"begin":400,"end":428},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"158","span":{"begin":430,"end":435},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"159","span":{"begin":468,"end":472},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"160","span":{"begin":660,"end":663},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"161","span":{"begin":664,"end":668},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"162","span":{"begin":227,"end":244},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"163","span":{"begin":819,"end":829},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"164","span":{"begin":131,"end":140},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"165","span":{"begin":620,"end":629},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"166","span":{"begin":246,"end":255},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"167","span":{"begin":504,"end":513},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"168","span":{"begin":525,"end":533},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"169","span":{"begin":538,"end":548},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"170","span":{"begin":729,"end":738},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"171","span":{"begin":698,"end":716},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A126","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"126","obj":"Gene:2475"},{"id":"A127","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"127","obj":"MESH:D008687"},{"id":"A150","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"150","obj":"Gene:2475"},{"id":"A151","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"151","obj":"Gene:2475"},{"id":"A152","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"152","obj":"Gene:5563"},{"id":"A153","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"153","obj":"Gene:6794"},{"id":"A154","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"154","obj":"Gene:6794"},{"id":"A155","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"155","obj":"Gene:2475"},{"id":"A156","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"156","obj":"Gene:207"},{"id":"A157","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"157","obj":"Gene:3667"},{"id":"A158","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"158","obj":"Gene:3667"},{"id":"A159","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"159","obj":"Gene:2475"},{"id":"A160","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"160","obj":"Gene:207"},{"id":"A161","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"161","obj":"Gene:2475"},{"id":"A162","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"162","obj":"Tax:11308"},{"id":"A163","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"163","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A164","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"164","obj":"Tax:11308"},{"id":"A165","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"165","obj":"Tax:11308"},{"id":"A166","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"166","obj":"MESH:D008687"},{"id":"A167","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"167","obj":"MESH:D001645"},{"id":"A168","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"168","obj":"MESH:D002026"},{"id":"A169","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"169","obj":"MESH:D010629"},{"id":"A170","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"170","obj":"MESH:D008687"},{"id":"A171","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"171","obj":"MESH:D018352"},{"subj":"126","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"127","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"150","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"151","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"152","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"153","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"154","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"155","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"156","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"157","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"158","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"159","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"160","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"161","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"162","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"163","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"164","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"165","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"166","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"167","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"168","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"169","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"170","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"171","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#ec93c6","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","color":"#93e0ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#ecde93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#c493ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#93ecaa"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#ec9396"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#93b0ec"},{"id":"2_test","color":"#caec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#ec93e4"}]}]}}