PMC:6650341 / 35215-37636 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/6650341","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"6650341","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/6650341","text":"Table 2. Antioxidant drugs that decrease blood pressure in humans with hypertension and animal models of hypertension.\nAntioxidant Species Mechanism of action References\nN-acetyl cysteine human, mouse, rat Direct antioxidant, precursor of cysteine reduced glutathione, breaks disulphides [243–247]\nApocynin mouse, rat Prevents NADPH oxidase assembly [248–252]\nAllicin/Aliin/S-allylcysteine (garlic) human Reduces 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, angiotensin II-generated ROS [253–256]\nL-arginine human, mouse, rat Substrate for NO production [257–259]\nBardoxolone human, mouse, rat Nrf2 inducer [260,261]\nL-carnitine human, mouse, rat Key compound in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation [262,264–266]\nCatechins\nBlack tea (theaflavin-polyphenol) rat Stimulates NO and H2S production, Decreases endothelin-1 and angiotensin II [267]\nGreen tea (polyphenols) human Antioxidant, inhibits catechol-O-methyl transferase, NO release [267–269]\nCoenzyme Q10 human, mouse, rat Reduces mitochondrial superoxide production by increasing the efficiency of electron transfer from Complexes I and II down the mitochondrial electron transport chain [270–273]\nCurcurmin human, mouse, rat A herbal supplement used as a food additive with antioxidant properties at low concentrations, induces HO-1 [274–277]\nHemin mouse, rat HO-1 inducer (can induce mitochondrial dysfunction) [278–280]\nHesperidin human, rat Free radical scavenger and enhancer of antioxidant pathways via ERK/Nrf2, inhibits RAS [281–283]\nα-Lipoic acid human, mouse, rat Free radical scavenger and activator of anti-oxidant recycling [284–286]\nMelatonin human, rat Free radical scavenger and up-regulator of antioxidant enzymes. [287–290]\nQuercetin human, mouse, rat Free radical scavenger [291–294, 419, 420]\nResveratrol human, mouse, rat Activator of sirtuins and PGC-1α, involved in stress response, and Nrf2 [295, 296, 421]\nTempol human, mouse, rat Redox-cycling nitroxide and SOD mimetic [9,16,28,29,34,297,422]\nTroxerutin mouse, rat Flavonoid (hydroxyethylrutoside) with antioxidant properties [298,299]\nVitamin C human, mouse, rat Free radical scavenger [11,300–306]\nVitamin D human, mouse, rat Inhibits iron-dependent liposomal lipid peroxidation [10,307–319]\nVitamin E human, mouse, rat Free radical scavenger, impairs ROS signaling 11,303,320–323]","divisions":[{"label":"label","span":{"begin":0,"end":8}},{"label":"caption","span":{"begin":10,"end":119}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":10,"end":119}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":120,"end":173}},{"label":"th","span":{"begin":120,"end":131}},{"label":"th","span":{"begin":133,"end":140}},{"label":"th","span":{"begin":142,"end":161}},{"label":"th","span":{"begin":163,"end":173}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":174,"end":304}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":174,"end":192}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":193,"end":210}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":212,"end":293}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":295,"end":304}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":305,"end":369}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":305,"end":314}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":315,"end":325}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":327,"end":358}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":360,"end":369}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":370,"end":509}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":370,"end":409}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":410,"end":415}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":417,"end":498}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":500,"end":509}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":510,"end":579}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":510,"end":521}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":522,"end":539}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":541,"end":568}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":570,"end":579}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":580,"end":635}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":580,"end":592}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":593,"end":610}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":612,"end":624}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":626,"end":635}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":636,"end":772}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":636,"end":648}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":649,"end":666}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":668,"end":757}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":759,"end":772}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":773,"end":782}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":773,"end":783}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":783,"end":905}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":783,"end":817}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":818,"end":821}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":823,"end":898}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":900,"end":905}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":906,"end":1012}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":906,"end":930}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":931,"end":936}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":938,"end":1001}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1003,"end":1012}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1013,"end":1222}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1013,"end":1026}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1044}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1046,"end":1211}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1222}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1223,"end":1371}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1223,"end":1233}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1234,"end":1251}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1253,"end":1360}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1371}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1372,"end":1453}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1372,"end":1378}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1379,"end":1389}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1391,"end":1442}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1444,"end":1453}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1454,"end":1575}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1454,"end":1465}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1466,"end":1476}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1478,"end":1564}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1566,"end":1575}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1576,"end":1683}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1576,"end":1590}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1591,"end":1608}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1610,"end":1672}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1674,"end":1683}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1684,"end":1781}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1684,"end":1694}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1695,"end":1705}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1707,"end":1770}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1772,"end":1781}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1782,"end":1855}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1782,"end":1792}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1793,"end":1810}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1812,"end":1834}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1836,"end":1855}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1856,"end":1976}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1856,"end":1868}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1869,"end":1886}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1888,"end":1959}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1961,"end":1976}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":1977,"end":2068}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1977,"end":1984}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":1985,"end":2002}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2004,"end":2043}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2045,"end":2068}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":2069,"end":2164}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2069,"end":2080}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2081,"end":2091}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2093,"end":2153}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2155,"end":2164}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":2165,"end":2231}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2165,"end":2175}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2176,"end":2193}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2195,"end":2217}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2219,"end":2231}},{"label":"tr","span":{"begin":2232,"end":2328}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2232,"end":2242}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2243,"end":2260}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2262,"end":2314}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2316,"end":2328}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2329,"end":2339}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2340,"end":2357}},{"label":"td","span":{"begin":2359,"end":2404}}],"tracks":[]}