Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T247 |
0-10 |
sentence |
denotes |
Background |
T248 |
0-10 |
NN |
denotes |
Background |
T249 |
10-306 |
sentence |
denotes |
Dopamine modulation of neuronal signaling in the frontal cortex, midbrain, and striatum is essential for processing and integrating diverse external sensory stimuli and attaching salience to environmental cues that signal causal relationships, thereby guiding goal-directed, adaptable behaviors. |
T250 |
11-19 |
NN |
denotes |
Dopamine |
T251 |
20-30 |
NN |
denotes |
modulation |
T252 |
99-101 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T253 |
31-33 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T254 |
34-42 |
JJ |
denotes |
neuronal |
T255 |
43-52 |
NN |
denotes |
signaling |
T256 |
53-55 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T257 |
56-59 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T258 |
68-74 |
NN |
denotes |
cortex |
T259 |
60-67 |
JJ |
denotes |
frontal |
T260 |
74-76 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T261 |
76-84 |
NN |
denotes |
midbrain |
T262 |
84-86 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T263 |
86-89 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T264 |
90-98 |
NN |
denotes |
striatum |
T265 |
102-111 |
JJ |
denotes |
essential |
T266 |
112-115 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T267 |
116-126 |
VBG |
denotes |
processing |
T268 |
127-130 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T269 |
131-142 |
VBG |
denotes |
integrating |
T270 |
143-150 |
JJ |
denotes |
diverse |
T271 |
168-175 |
NNS |
denotes |
stimuli |
T272 |
151-159 |
JJ |
denotes |
external |
T273 |
160-167 |
JJ |
denotes |
sensory |
T274 |
176-179 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T275 |
180-189 |
VBG |
denotes |
attaching |
T276 |
190-198 |
NN |
denotes |
salience |
T277 |
199-201 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T278 |
202-215 |
JJ |
denotes |
environmental |
T279 |
216-220 |
NNS |
denotes |
cues |
T280 |
221-225 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T281 |
226-232 |
VBP |
denotes |
signal |
T282 |
233-239 |
JJ |
denotes |
causal |
T283 |
240-253 |
NNS |
denotes |
relationships |
T284 |
253-255 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T285 |
255-262 |
RB |
denotes |
thereby |
T286 |
263-270 |
VBG |
denotes |
guiding |
T287 |
271-275 |
NN |
denotes |
goal |
T288 |
276-284 |
VBN |
denotes |
directed |
T289 |
275-276 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T290 |
296-305 |
NNS |
denotes |
behaviors |
T291 |
284-286 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T292 |
286-295 |
JJ |
denotes |
adaptable |
T293 |
305-306 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T294 |
306-398 |
sentence |
denotes |
At the cellular level, dopamine signaling is mediated through D1-like or D2-like receptors. |
T295 |
307-309 |
IN |
denotes |
At |
T296 |
352-360 |
VBN |
denotes |
mediated |
T297 |
310-313 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T298 |
323-328 |
NN |
denotes |
level |
T299 |
314-322 |
JJ |
denotes |
cellular |
T300 |
328-330 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T301 |
330-338 |
NN |
denotes |
dopamine |
T302 |
339-348 |
NN |
denotes |
signaling |
T303 |
349-351 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T304 |
361-368 |
IN |
denotes |
through |
T305 |
369-371 |
NN |
denotes |
D1 |
T306 |
372-376 |
JJ |
denotes |
like |
T307 |
371-372 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T308 |
388-397 |
NNS |
denotes |
receptors |
T309 |
377-379 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T310 |
380-382 |
NN |
denotes |
D2 |
T311 |
383-387 |
JJ |
denotes |
like |
T312 |
382-383 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T313 |
397-398 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T314 |
398-571 |
sentence |
denotes |
Although a role for D1-like receptors in a variety of goal-directed behaviors has been identified, an explicit involvement of D2 receptors has not been clearly established. |
T315 |
399-407 |
IN |
denotes |
Although |
T316 |
486-496 |
VBN |
denotes |
identified |
T317 |
408-409 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T318 |
410-414 |
NN |
denotes |
role |
T319 |
415-418 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T320 |
419-421 |
NN |
denotes |
D1 |
T321 |
422-426 |
JJ |
denotes |
like |
T322 |
421-422 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T323 |
427-436 |
NNS |
denotes |
receptors |
T324 |
437-439 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T325 |
440-441 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T326 |
442-449 |
NN |
denotes |
variety |
T327 |
450-452 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T328 |
453-457 |
NN |
denotes |
goal |
T329 |
458-466 |
VBN |
denotes |
directed |
T330 |
457-458 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T331 |
467-476 |
NNS |
denotes |
behaviors |
T332 |
477-480 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T333 |
481-485 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T334 |
559-570 |
VBN |
denotes |
established |
T335 |
496-498 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T336 |
498-500 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T337 |
510-521 |
NN |
denotes |
involvement |
T338 |
501-509 |
JJ |
denotes |
explicit |
T339 |
522-524 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T340 |
525-527 |
NN |
denotes |
D2 |
T341 |
528-537 |
NNS |
denotes |
receptors |
T342 |
538-541 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T343 |
542-545 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T344 |
546-550 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T345 |
551-558 |
RB |
denotes |
clearly |
T346 |
570-571 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T347 |
571-1008 |
sentence |
denotes |
To determine whether dopamine D2 receptor-mediated signaling contributes to associative and reversal learning, we compared C57Bl/6J mice that completely lack functional dopamine D2 receptors to wild-type mice with respect to their ability to attach appropriate salience to external stimuli (stimulus discrimination) and disengage from inappropriate behavioral strategies when reinforcement contingencies change (e.g. reversal learning). |
T348 |
572-574 |
TO |
denotes |
To |
T349 |
575-584 |
VB |
denotes |
determine |
T350 |
686-694 |
VBD |
denotes |
compared |
T351 |
585-592 |
IN |
denotes |
whether |
T352 |
633-644 |
VBZ |
denotes |
contributes |
T353 |
593-601 |
NN |
denotes |
dopamine |
T354 |
602-604 |
NN |
denotes |
D2 |
T355 |
605-613 |
NN |
denotes |
receptor |
T356 |
614-622 |
VBN |
denotes |
mediated |
T357 |
613-614 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T358 |
623-632 |
NN |
denotes |
signaling |
T359 |
645-647 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T360 |
648-659 |
JJ |
denotes |
associative |
T361 |
673-681 |
NN |
denotes |
learning |
T362 |
660-663 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T363 |
664-672 |
JJ |
denotes |
reversal |
T364 |
681-683 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T365 |
683-685 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T366 |
695-700 |
NN |
denotes |
C57Bl |
T367 |
701-703 |
NN |
denotes |
6J |
T368 |
700-701 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T369 |
704-708 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T370 |
709-713 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T371 |
725-729 |
VBP |
denotes |
lack |
T372 |
714-724 |
RB |
denotes |
completely |
T373 |
730-740 |
JJ |
denotes |
functional |
T374 |
753-762 |
NNS |
denotes |
receptors |
T375 |
741-749 |
NN |
denotes |
dopamine |
T376 |
750-752 |
NN |
denotes |
D2 |
T377 |
763-765 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T378 |
766-770 |
JJ |
denotes |
wild |
T379 |
771-775 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T380 |
770-771 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T381 |
776-780 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T382 |
781-785 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T383 |
786-793 |
NN |
denotes |
respect |
T384 |
794-796 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T385 |
797-802 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T386 |
803-810 |
NN |
denotes |
ability |
T387 |
811-813 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T388 |
814-820 |
VB |
denotes |
attach |
T389 |
821-832 |
JJ |
denotes |
appropriate |
T390 |
833-841 |
NN |
denotes |
salience |
T391 |
842-844 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T392 |
845-853 |
JJ |
denotes |
external |
T393 |
854-861 |
NNS |
denotes |
stimuli |
T394 |
862-863 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T395 |
872-886 |
NN |
denotes |
discrimination |
T396 |
863-871 |
NN |
denotes |
stimulus |
T397 |
886-887 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T398 |
888-891 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T399 |
892-901 |
VB |
denotes |
disengage |
T400 |
902-906 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T401 |
907-920 |
JJ |
denotes |
inappropriate |
T402 |
932-942 |
NNS |
denotes |
strategies |
T403 |
921-931 |
JJ |
denotes |
behavioral |
T404 |
943-947 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T405 |
976-982 |
VBP |
denotes |
change |
T406 |
948-961 |
NN |
denotes |
reinforcement |
T407 |
962-975 |
NNS |
denotes |
contingencies |
T408 |
983-984 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T409 |
998-1006 |
NN |
denotes |
learning |
T410 |
984-988 |
FW |
denotes |
e.g. |
T411 |
989-997 |
NN |
denotes |
reversal |
T412 |
1006-1007 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T413 |
1007-1008 |
. |
denotes |
. |
R21 |
T250 |
T251 |
compound |
Dopamine,modulation |
R22 |
T251 |
T252 |
nsubj |
modulation,is |
R23 |
T253 |
T251 |
prep |
of,modulation |
R24 |
T254 |
T255 |
amod |
neuronal,signaling |
R25 |
T255 |
T253 |
pobj |
signaling,of |
R26 |
T256 |
T251 |
prep |
in,modulation |
R27 |
T257 |
T258 |
det |
the,cortex |
R28 |
T258 |
T256 |
pobj |
cortex,in |
R29 |
T259 |
T258 |
amod |
frontal,cortex |
R30 |
T260 |
T258 |
punct |
", ",cortex |
R31 |
T261 |
T258 |
conj |
midbrain,cortex |
R32 |
T262 |
T261 |
punct |
", ",midbrain |
R33 |
T263 |
T261 |
cc |
and,midbrain |
R34 |
T264 |
T261 |
conj |
striatum,midbrain |
R35 |
T265 |
T252 |
acomp |
essential,is |
R36 |
T266 |
T252 |
prep |
for,is |
R37 |
T267 |
T266 |
pcomp |
processing,for |
R38 |
T268 |
T267 |
cc |
and,processing |
R39 |
T269 |
T267 |
conj |
integrating,processing |
R40 |
T270 |
T271 |
amod |
diverse,stimuli |
R41 |
T271 |
T269 |
dobj |
stimuli,integrating |
R42 |
T272 |
T271 |
amod |
external,stimuli |
R43 |
T273 |
T271 |
amod |
sensory,stimuli |
R44 |
T274 |
T267 |
cc |
and,processing |
R45 |
T275 |
T267 |
conj |
attaching,processing |
R46 |
T276 |
T275 |
dobj |
salience,attaching |
R47 |
T277 |
T275 |
prep |
to,attaching |
R48 |
T278 |
T279 |
amod |
environmental,cues |
R49 |
T279 |
T277 |
pobj |
cues,to |
R50 |
T280 |
T281 |
dep |
that,signal |
R51 |
T281 |
T279 |
relcl |
signal,cues |
R52 |
T282 |
T283 |
amod |
causal,relationships |
R53 |
T283 |
T281 |
dobj |
relationships,signal |
R54 |
T284 |
T275 |
punct |
", ",attaching |
R55 |
T285 |
T286 |
advmod |
thereby,guiding |
R56 |
T286 |
T275 |
advcl |
guiding,attaching |
R57 |
T287 |
T288 |
npadvmod |
goal,directed |
R58 |
T288 |
T290 |
amod |
directed,behaviors |
R59 |
T289 |
T288 |
punct |
-,directed |
R60 |
T290 |
T286 |
dobj |
behaviors,guiding |
R61 |
T291 |
T290 |
punct |
", ",behaviors |
R62 |
T292 |
T290 |
amod |
adaptable,behaviors |
R63 |
T293 |
T252 |
punct |
.,is |
R64 |
T295 |
T296 |
prep |
At,mediated |
R65 |
T297 |
T298 |
det |
the,level |
R66 |
T298 |
T295 |
pobj |
level,At |
R67 |
T299 |
T298 |
amod |
cellular,level |
R68 |
T300 |
T296 |
punct |
", ",mediated |
R69 |
T301 |
T302 |
compound |
dopamine,signaling |
R70 |
T302 |
T296 |
nsubjpass |
signaling,mediated |
R71 |
T303 |
T296 |
auxpass |
is,mediated |
R72 |
T304 |
T296 |
prep |
through,mediated |
R73 |
T305 |
T306 |
npadvmod |
D1,like |
R74 |
T306 |
T308 |
amod |
like,receptors |
R75 |
T307 |
T306 |
punct |
-,like |
R76 |
T308 |
T304 |
pobj |
receptors,through |
R77 |
T309 |
T306 |
cc |
or,like |
R78 |
T310 |
T311 |
npadvmod |
D2,like |
R79 |
T311 |
T306 |
conj |
like,like |
R80 |
T312 |
T311 |
punct |
-,like |
R81 |
T313 |
T296 |
punct |
.,mediated |
R82 |
T315 |
T316 |
mark |
Although,identified |
R83 |
T316 |
T334 |
advcl |
identified,established |
R84 |
T317 |
T318 |
det |
a,role |
R85 |
T318 |
T316 |
nsubjpass |
role,identified |
R86 |
T319 |
T318 |
prep |
for,role |
R87 |
T320 |
T321 |
npadvmod |
D1,like |
R88 |
T321 |
T323 |
amod |
like,receptors |
R89 |
T322 |
T321 |
punct |
-,like |
R90 |
T323 |
T319 |
pobj |
receptors,for |
R91 |
T324 |
T318 |
prep |
in,role |
R92 |
T325 |
T326 |
det |
a,variety |
R93 |
T326 |
T324 |
pobj |
variety,in |
R94 |
T327 |
T326 |
prep |
of,variety |
R95 |
T328 |
T329 |
npadvmod |
goal,directed |
R96 |
T329 |
T331 |
amod |
directed,behaviors |
R97 |
T330 |
T329 |
punct |
-,directed |
R98 |
T331 |
T327 |
pobj |
behaviors,of |
R99 |
T332 |
T316 |
aux |
has,identified |
R100 |
T333 |
T316 |
auxpass |
been,identified |
R101 |
T335 |
T334 |
punct |
", ",established |
R102 |
T336 |
T337 |
det |
an,involvement |
R103 |
T337 |
T334 |
nsubjpass |
involvement,established |
R104 |
T338 |
T337 |
amod |
explicit,involvement |
R105 |
T339 |
T337 |
prep |
of,involvement |
R106 |
T340 |
T341 |
compound |
D2,receptors |
R107 |
T341 |
T339 |
pobj |
receptors,of |
R108 |
T342 |
T334 |
aux |
has,established |
R109 |
T343 |
T334 |
neg |
not,established |
R110 |
T344 |
T334 |
auxpass |
been,established |
R111 |
T345 |
T334 |
advmod |
clearly,established |
R112 |
T346 |
T334 |
punct |
.,established |
R113 |
T348 |
T349 |
aux |
To,determine |
R114 |
T349 |
T350 |
advcl |
determine,compared |
R115 |
T351 |
T352 |
mark |
whether,contributes |
R116 |
T352 |
T349 |
ccomp |
contributes,determine |
R117 |
T353 |
T354 |
compound |
dopamine,D2 |
R118 |
T354 |
T355 |
compound |
D2,receptor |
R119 |
T355 |
T356 |
npadvmod |
receptor,mediated |
R120 |
T356 |
T358 |
amod |
mediated,signaling |
R121 |
T357 |
T356 |
punct |
-,mediated |
R122 |
T358 |
T352 |
nsubj |
signaling,contributes |
R123 |
T359 |
T352 |
prep |
to,contributes |
R124 |
T360 |
T361 |
amod |
associative,learning |
R125 |
T361 |
T359 |
pobj |
learning,to |
R126 |
T362 |
T360 |
cc |
and,associative |
R127 |
T363 |
T360 |
conj |
reversal,associative |
R128 |
T364 |
T350 |
punct |
", ",compared |
R129 |
T365 |
T350 |
nsubj |
we,compared |
R130 |
T366 |
T367 |
compound |
C57Bl,6J |
R131 |
T367 |
T369 |
compound |
6J,mice |
R132 |
T368 |
T367 |
punct |
/,6J |
R133 |
T369 |
T350 |
dobj |
mice,compared |
R134 |
T370 |
T371 |
dep |
that,lack |
R135 |
T371 |
T369 |
relcl |
lack,mice |
R136 |
T372 |
T371 |
advmod |
completely,lack |
R137 |
T373 |
T374 |
amod |
functional,receptors |
R138 |
T374 |
T371 |
dobj |
receptors,lack |
R139 |
T375 |
T376 |
compound |
dopamine,D2 |
R140 |
T376 |
T374 |
compound |
D2,receptors |
R141 |
T377 |
T350 |
prep |
to,compared |
R142 |
T378 |
T379 |
amod |
wild,type |
R143 |
T379 |
T381 |
compound |
type,mice |
R144 |
T380 |
T379 |
punct |
-,type |
R145 |
T381 |
T377 |
pobj |
mice,to |
R146 |
T382 |
T350 |
prep |
with,compared |
R147 |
T383 |
T382 |
pobj |
respect,with |
R148 |
T384 |
T383 |
prep |
to,respect |
R149 |
T385 |
T386 |
poss |
their,ability |
R150 |
T386 |
T384 |
pobj |
ability,to |
R151 |
T387 |
T388 |
aux |
to,attach |
R152 |
T388 |
T386 |
acl |
attach,ability |
R153 |
T389 |
T390 |
amod |
appropriate,salience |
R154 |
T390 |
T388 |
dobj |
salience,attach |
R155 |
T391 |
T388 |
prep |
to,attach |
R156 |
T392 |
T393 |
amod |
external,stimuli |
R157 |
T393 |
T391 |
pobj |
stimuli,to |
R158 |
T394 |
T395 |
punct |
(,discrimination |
R159 |
T395 |
T388 |
parataxis |
discrimination,attach |
R160 |
T396 |
T395 |
compound |
stimulus,discrimination |
R161 |
T397 |
T395 |
punct |
),discrimination |
R162 |
T398 |
T388 |
cc |
and,attach |
R163 |
T399 |
T388 |
conj |
disengage,attach |
R164 |
T400 |
T399 |
prep |
from,disengage |
R165 |
T401 |
T402 |
amod |
inappropriate,strategies |
R166 |
T402 |
T400 |
pobj |
strategies,from |
R167 |
T403 |
T402 |
amod |
behavioral,strategies |
R168 |
T404 |
T405 |
advmod |
when,change |
R169 |
T405 |
T399 |
advcl |
change,disengage |
R170 |
T406 |
T407 |
compound |
reinforcement,contingencies |
R171 |
T407 |
T405 |
nsubj |
contingencies,change |
R172 |
T408 |
T409 |
punct |
(,learning |
R173 |
T409 |
T399 |
parataxis |
learning,disengage |
R174 |
T410 |
T409 |
advmod |
e.g.,learning |
R175 |
T411 |
T409 |
compound |
reversal,learning |
R176 |
T412 |
T409 |
punct |
),learning |
R177 |
T413 |
T350 |
punct |
.,compared |