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PMC:400732 / 102-1110 JSONTXT

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T247 0-10 sentence denotes Background
T248 0-10 NN denotes Background
T249 10-306 sentence denotes Dopamine modulation of neuronal signaling in the frontal cortex, midbrain, and striatum is essential for processing and integrating diverse external sensory stimuli and attaching salience to environmental cues that signal causal relationships, thereby guiding goal-directed, adaptable behaviors.
T250 11-19 NN denotes Dopamine
T251 20-30 NN denotes modulation
T252 99-101 VBZ denotes is
T253 31-33 IN denotes of
T254 34-42 JJ denotes neuronal
T255 43-52 NN denotes signaling
T256 53-55 IN denotes in
T257 56-59 DT denotes the
T258 68-74 NN denotes cortex
T259 60-67 JJ denotes frontal
T260 74-76 , denotes ,
T261 76-84 NN denotes midbrain
T262 84-86 , denotes ,
T263 86-89 CC denotes and
T264 90-98 NN denotes striatum
T265 102-111 JJ denotes essential
T266 112-115 IN denotes for
T267 116-126 VBG denotes processing
T268 127-130 CC denotes and
T269 131-142 VBG denotes integrating
T270 143-150 JJ denotes diverse
T271 168-175 NNS denotes stimuli
T272 151-159 JJ denotes external
T273 160-167 JJ denotes sensory
T274 176-179 CC denotes and
T275 180-189 VBG denotes attaching
T276 190-198 NN denotes salience
T277 199-201 IN denotes to
T278 202-215 JJ denotes environmental
T279 216-220 NNS denotes cues
T280 221-225 WDT denotes that
T281 226-232 VBP denotes signal
T282 233-239 JJ denotes causal
T283 240-253 NNS denotes relationships
T284 253-255 , denotes ,
T285 255-262 RB denotes thereby
T286 263-270 VBG denotes guiding
T287 271-275 NN denotes goal
T288 276-284 VBN denotes directed
T289 275-276 HYPH denotes -
T290 296-305 NNS denotes behaviors
T291 284-286 , denotes ,
T292 286-295 JJ denotes adaptable
T293 305-306 . denotes .
T294 306-398 sentence denotes At the cellular level, dopamine signaling is mediated through D1-like or D2-like receptors.
T295 307-309 IN denotes At
T296 352-360 VBN denotes mediated
T297 310-313 DT denotes the
T298 323-328 NN denotes level
T299 314-322 JJ denotes cellular
T300 328-330 , denotes ,
T301 330-338 NN denotes dopamine
T302 339-348 NN denotes signaling
T303 349-351 VBZ denotes is
T304 361-368 IN denotes through
T305 369-371 NN denotes D1
T306 372-376 JJ denotes like
T307 371-372 HYPH denotes -
T308 388-397 NNS denotes receptors
T309 377-379 CC denotes or
T310 380-382 NN denotes D2
T311 383-387 JJ denotes like
T312 382-383 HYPH denotes -
T313 397-398 . denotes .
T314 398-571 sentence denotes Although a role for D1-like receptors in a variety of goal-directed behaviors has been identified, an explicit involvement of D2 receptors has not been clearly established.
T315 399-407 IN denotes Although
T316 486-496 VBN denotes identified
T317 408-409 DT denotes a
T318 410-414 NN denotes role
T319 415-418 IN denotes for
T320 419-421 NN denotes D1
T321 422-426 JJ denotes like
T322 421-422 HYPH denotes -
T323 427-436 NNS denotes receptors
T324 437-439 IN denotes in
T325 440-441 DT denotes a
T326 442-449 NN denotes variety
T327 450-452 IN denotes of
T328 453-457 NN denotes goal
T329 458-466 VBN denotes directed
T330 457-458 HYPH denotes -
T331 467-476 NNS denotes behaviors
T332 477-480 VBZ denotes has
T333 481-485 VBN denotes been
T334 559-570 VBN denotes established
T335 496-498 , denotes ,
T336 498-500 DT denotes an
T337 510-521 NN denotes involvement
T338 501-509 JJ denotes explicit
T339 522-524 IN denotes of
T340 525-527 NN denotes D2
T341 528-537 NNS denotes receptors
T342 538-541 VBZ denotes has
T343 542-545 RB denotes not
T344 546-550 VBN denotes been
T345 551-558 RB denotes clearly
T346 570-571 . denotes .
T347 571-1008 sentence denotes To determine whether dopamine D2 receptor-mediated signaling contributes to associative and reversal learning, we compared C57Bl/6J mice that completely lack functional dopamine D2 receptors to wild-type mice with respect to their ability to attach appropriate salience to external stimuli (stimulus discrimination) and disengage from inappropriate behavioral strategies when reinforcement contingencies change (e.g. reversal learning).
T348 572-574 TO denotes To
T349 575-584 VB denotes determine
T350 686-694 VBD denotes compared
T351 585-592 IN denotes whether
T352 633-644 VBZ denotes contributes
T353 593-601 NN denotes dopamine
T354 602-604 NN denotes D2
T355 605-613 NN denotes receptor
T356 614-622 VBN denotes mediated
T357 613-614 HYPH denotes -
T358 623-632 NN denotes signaling
T359 645-647 IN denotes to
T360 648-659 JJ denotes associative
T361 673-681 NN denotes learning
T362 660-663 CC denotes and
T363 664-672 JJ denotes reversal
T364 681-683 , denotes ,
T365 683-685 PRP denotes we
T366 695-700 NN denotes C57Bl
T367 701-703 NN denotes 6J
T368 700-701 HYPH denotes /
T369 704-708 NNS denotes mice
T370 709-713 WDT denotes that
T371 725-729 VBP denotes lack
T372 714-724 RB denotes completely
T373 730-740 JJ denotes functional
T374 753-762 NNS denotes receptors
T375 741-749 NN denotes dopamine
T376 750-752 NN denotes D2
T377 763-765 IN denotes to
T378 766-770 JJ denotes wild
T379 771-775 NN denotes type
T380 770-771 HYPH denotes -
T381 776-780 NNS denotes mice
T382 781-785 IN denotes with
T383 786-793 NN denotes respect
T384 794-796 IN denotes to
T385 797-802 PRP$ denotes their
T386 803-810 NN denotes ability
T387 811-813 TO denotes to
T388 814-820 VB denotes attach
T389 821-832 JJ denotes appropriate
T390 833-841 NN denotes salience
T391 842-844 IN denotes to
T392 845-853 JJ denotes external
T393 854-861 NNS denotes stimuli
T394 862-863 -LRB- denotes (
T395 872-886 NN denotes discrimination
T396 863-871 NN denotes stimulus
T397 886-887 -RRB- denotes )
T398 888-891 CC denotes and
T399 892-901 VB denotes disengage
T400 902-906 IN denotes from
T401 907-920 JJ denotes inappropriate
T402 932-942 NNS denotes strategies
T403 921-931 JJ denotes behavioral
T404 943-947 WRB denotes when
T405 976-982 VBP denotes change
T406 948-961 NN denotes reinforcement
T407 962-975 NNS denotes contingencies
T408 983-984 -LRB- denotes (
T409 998-1006 NN denotes learning
T410 984-988 FW denotes e.g.
T411 989-997 NN denotes reversal
T412 1006-1007 -RRB- denotes )
T413 1007-1008 . denotes .
R21 T250 T251 compound Dopamine,modulation
R22 T251 T252 nsubj modulation,is
R23 T253 T251 prep of,modulation
R24 T254 T255 amod neuronal,signaling
R25 T255 T253 pobj signaling,of
R26 T256 T251 prep in,modulation
R27 T257 T258 det the,cortex
R28 T258 T256 pobj cortex,in
R29 T259 T258 amod frontal,cortex
R30 T260 T258 punct ", ",cortex
R31 T261 T258 conj midbrain,cortex
R32 T262 T261 punct ", ",midbrain
R33 T263 T261 cc and,midbrain
R34 T264 T261 conj striatum,midbrain
R35 T265 T252 acomp essential,is
R36 T266 T252 prep for,is
R37 T267 T266 pcomp processing,for
R38 T268 T267 cc and,processing
R39 T269 T267 conj integrating,processing
R40 T270 T271 amod diverse,stimuli
R41 T271 T269 dobj stimuli,integrating
R42 T272 T271 amod external,stimuli
R43 T273 T271 amod sensory,stimuli
R44 T274 T267 cc and,processing
R45 T275 T267 conj attaching,processing
R46 T276 T275 dobj salience,attaching
R47 T277 T275 prep to,attaching
R48 T278 T279 amod environmental,cues
R49 T279 T277 pobj cues,to
R50 T280 T281 dep that,signal
R51 T281 T279 relcl signal,cues
R52 T282 T283 amod causal,relationships
R53 T283 T281 dobj relationships,signal
R54 T284 T275 punct ", ",attaching
R55 T285 T286 advmod thereby,guiding
R56 T286 T275 advcl guiding,attaching
R57 T287 T288 npadvmod goal,directed
R58 T288 T290 amod directed,behaviors
R59 T289 T288 punct -,directed
R60 T290 T286 dobj behaviors,guiding
R61 T291 T290 punct ", ",behaviors
R62 T292 T290 amod adaptable,behaviors
R63 T293 T252 punct .,is
R64 T295 T296 prep At,mediated
R65 T297 T298 det the,level
R66 T298 T295 pobj level,At
R67 T299 T298 amod cellular,level
R68 T300 T296 punct ", ",mediated
R69 T301 T302 compound dopamine,signaling
R70 T302 T296 nsubjpass signaling,mediated
R71 T303 T296 auxpass is,mediated
R72 T304 T296 prep through,mediated
R73 T305 T306 npadvmod D1,like
R74 T306 T308 amod like,receptors
R75 T307 T306 punct -,like
R76 T308 T304 pobj receptors,through
R77 T309 T306 cc or,like
R78 T310 T311 npadvmod D2,like
R79 T311 T306 conj like,like
R80 T312 T311 punct -,like
R81 T313 T296 punct .,mediated
R82 T315 T316 mark Although,identified
R83 T316 T334 advcl identified,established
R84 T317 T318 det a,role
R85 T318 T316 nsubjpass role,identified
R86 T319 T318 prep for,role
R87 T320 T321 npadvmod D1,like
R88 T321 T323 amod like,receptors
R89 T322 T321 punct -,like
R90 T323 T319 pobj receptors,for
R91 T324 T318 prep in,role
R92 T325 T326 det a,variety
R93 T326 T324 pobj variety,in
R94 T327 T326 prep of,variety
R95 T328 T329 npadvmod goal,directed
R96 T329 T331 amod directed,behaviors
R97 T330 T329 punct -,directed
R98 T331 T327 pobj behaviors,of
R99 T332 T316 aux has,identified
R100 T333 T316 auxpass been,identified
R101 T335 T334 punct ", ",established
R102 T336 T337 det an,involvement
R103 T337 T334 nsubjpass involvement,established
R104 T338 T337 amod explicit,involvement
R105 T339 T337 prep of,involvement
R106 T340 T341 compound D2,receptors
R107 T341 T339 pobj receptors,of
R108 T342 T334 aux has,established
R109 T343 T334 neg not,established
R110 T344 T334 auxpass been,established
R111 T345 T334 advmod clearly,established
R112 T346 T334 punct .,established
R113 T348 T349 aux To,determine
R114 T349 T350 advcl determine,compared
R115 T351 T352 mark whether,contributes
R116 T352 T349 ccomp contributes,determine
R117 T353 T354 compound dopamine,D2
R118 T354 T355 compound D2,receptor
R119 T355 T356 npadvmod receptor,mediated
R120 T356 T358 amod mediated,signaling
R121 T357 T356 punct -,mediated
R122 T358 T352 nsubj signaling,contributes
R123 T359 T352 prep to,contributes
R124 T360 T361 amod associative,learning
R125 T361 T359 pobj learning,to
R126 T362 T360 cc and,associative
R127 T363 T360 conj reversal,associative
R128 T364 T350 punct ", ",compared
R129 T365 T350 nsubj we,compared
R130 T366 T367 compound C57Bl,6J
R131 T367 T369 compound 6J,mice
R132 T368 T367 punct /,6J
R133 T369 T350 dobj mice,compared
R134 T370 T371 dep that,lack
R135 T371 T369 relcl lack,mice
R136 T372 T371 advmod completely,lack
R137 T373 T374 amod functional,receptors
R138 T374 T371 dobj receptors,lack
R139 T375 T376 compound dopamine,D2
R140 T376 T374 compound D2,receptors
R141 T377 T350 prep to,compared
R142 T378 T379 amod wild,type
R143 T379 T381 compound type,mice
R144 T380 T379 punct -,type
R145 T381 T377 pobj mice,to
R146 T382 T350 prep with,compared
R147 T383 T382 pobj respect,with
R148 T384 T383 prep to,respect
R149 T385 T386 poss their,ability
R150 T386 T384 pobj ability,to
R151 T387 T388 aux to,attach
R152 T388 T386 acl attach,ability
R153 T389 T390 amod appropriate,salience
R154 T390 T388 dobj salience,attach
R155 T391 T388 prep to,attach
R156 T392 T393 amod external,stimuli
R157 T393 T391 pobj stimuli,to
R158 T394 T395 punct (,discrimination
R159 T395 T388 parataxis discrimination,attach
R160 T396 T395 compound stimulus,discrimination
R161 T397 T395 punct ),discrimination
R162 T398 T388 cc and,attach
R163 T399 T388 conj disengage,attach
R164 T400 T399 prep from,disengage
R165 T401 T402 amod inappropriate,strategies
R166 T402 T400 pobj strategies,from
R167 T403 T402 amod behavioral,strategies
R168 T404 T405 advmod when,change
R169 T405 T399 advcl change,disengage
R170 T406 T407 compound reinforcement,contingencies
R171 T407 T405 nsubj contingencies,change
R172 T408 T409 punct (,learning
R173 T409 T399 parataxis learning,disengage
R174 T410 T409 advmod e.g.,learning
R175 T411 T409 compound reversal,learning
R176 T412 T409 punct ),learning
R177 T413 T350 punct .,compared

craft-ca-core-ex-dev

Below, discontinuous spans are shown in the chain model. You can change it to the bag model.

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T149 11-19 CHEBI:18243 denotes Dopamine
T150 20-30 GO:0065007 denotes modulation
T151 34-42 CL:0000540 denotes neuronal
T152 43-52 GO_EXT:cell_communication_or_signaling_or_signal_transduction denotes signaling
T153 60-74 UBERON:0001870 denotes frontal cortex
T154 76-84 UBERON:0001891 denotes midbrain
T155 90-98 UBERON:0002435 denotes striatum
T156 160-167 GO_EXT:detection_or_sensing_of_stimulus denotes sensory
T157 263-270 GO_EXT:biological_direction_or_guidance denotes guiding
T158 276-284 GO_EXT:biological_direction_or_guidance denotes directed
T159 286-305 GO:0051867 denotes adaptable behaviors
T160 314-322 CL_GO_EXT:cell denotes cellular
T161 330-338 CHEBI:18243 denotes dopamine
T162 330-348 GO:0007212 denotes dopamine signaling
T163 369-376 _FRAGMENT denotes D1-like
T164 388-397 PR_EXT:000001107 denotes receptors
T165 380-397 PR_EXT:000001108 denotes D2-like receptors
T166 388-397 GO_EXT:0004872 denotes receptors
T167 419-436 PR_EXT:000001107 denotes D1-like receptors
T168 427-436 GO_EXT:0004872 denotes receptors
T169 458-466 GO_EXT:biological_direction_or_guidance denotes directed
T170 467-476 GO_PATO_EXT:biological_behavior denotes behaviors
T171 525-537 PR_EXT:000001177 denotes D2 receptors
T172 528-537 GO_EXT:0004872 denotes receptors
T173 593-601 CHEBI:18243 denotes dopamine
T174 593-613 PR_EXT:000001177 denotes dopamine D2 receptor
T175 605-613 GO_EXT:0004872 denotes receptor
T176 623-632 GO_EXT:cell_communication_or_signaling_or_signal_transduction denotes signaling
T177 648-659 _FRAGMENT denotes associative
T178 673-681 GO:0008306 denotes learning
T179 704-708 NCBITaxon:10088 denotes mice
T180 741-749 CHEBI:18243 denotes dopamine
T181 741-762 PR_EXT:000001177 denotes dopamine D2 receptors
T182 753-762 GO_EXT:0004872 denotes receptors
T183 766-775 SO_EXT:wild_type_entity_or_quality denotes wild-type
T184 776-780 NCBITaxon:10088 denotes mice
T185 921-931 GO_PATO_EXT:biological_behavior denotes behavioral
T186 998-1006 GO:0007612 denotes learning
R4 T164 T163 _lexicallyChainedTo receptors,D1-like
R5 T178 T177 _lexicallyChainedTo learning,associative

craft-ca-core-dev

Below, discontinuous spans are shown in the chain model. You can change it to the bag model.

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T91 11-19 CHEBI:18243 denotes Dopamine
T92 20-30 GO:0065007 denotes modulation
T93 34-42 CL:0000540 denotes neuronal
T94 60-74 UBERON:0001870 denotes frontal cortex
T95 76-84 UBERON:0001891 denotes midbrain
T96 90-98 UBERON:0002435 denotes striatum
T97 286-305 GO:0051867 denotes adaptable behaviors
T98 330-338 CHEBI:18243 denotes dopamine
T99 330-348 GO:0007212 denotes dopamine signaling
T100 369-376 _FRAGMENT denotes D1-like
T101 388-397 PR:000001107 denotes receptors
T102 380-397 PR:000001108 denotes D2-like receptors
T103 419-436 PR:000001107 denotes D1-like receptors
T104 525-537 PR:000001177 denotes D2 receptors
T105 593-601 CHEBI:18243 denotes dopamine
T106 593-613 PR:000001177 denotes dopamine D2 receptor
T107 648-659 _FRAGMENT denotes associative
T108 673-681 GO:0008306 denotes learning
T109 704-708 NCBITaxon:10088 denotes mice
T110 741-749 CHEBI:18243 denotes dopamine
T111 741-762 PR:000001177 denotes dopamine D2 receptors
T112 776-780 NCBITaxon:10088 denotes mice
T113 998-1006 GO:0007612 denotes learning
R1 T101 T100 _lexicallyChainedTo receptors,D1-like
R2 T108 T107 _lexicallyChainedTo learning,associative