PMC:2700745 / 9817-11203
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/2700745","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"2700745","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/2700745","text":"2.1.2 Ferrets\nLess virulent strains of influenza virus cause mild influenza-like symptoms in ferrets that rarely end in death. For example ferrets infected with A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) did not lose weight (Svitek et al., 2008). Only mild respiratory disease occurred in Aichi-infected animals with occasional sneezing and little serous nose exudate expressed. Virus infection elicits a rapid and strong upregulation of IFN-α, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, while more virulent strains induced significantly lower levels of IFN-α during the first 2 days after infection. During the first 4 days after infection, only IL-8 was detected in samples from animals inoculated with A/Aichi/2/68, whereas IL-6 expression was associated with the more virulent viruses (Svitek et al., 2008).\nThe utility of a ferret model in which a benign infection was induced is illustrated by the results from the following vaccine study. Ferrets immunized with virosome-based intranasal influenza vaccine consisting of hemagglutinins from influenza A/Beijing/262/95like (H1N1), A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2), and influenza B/Harbin/7/94 and then challenged with the A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) strain had less viral shedding in nasal secretions and the vaccine elicited a vaccine-specific antibody response (Lambkin et al., 2004). In addition, the vaccine regimen protected against fever, weight loss, and infiltration of inflammatory cells.","divisions":[{"label":"label","span":{"begin":0,"end":5}},{"label":"title","span":{"begin":7,"end":14}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":15,"end":764}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"19176218-18420248-100518318","span":{"begin":218,"end":222},"obj":"18420248"},{"id":"19176218-18420248-100518318","span":{"begin":218,"end":222},"obj":"18420248"},{"id":"19176218-18420248-100518319","span":{"begin":758,"end":762},"obj":"18420248"},{"id":"19176218-18420248-100518319","span":{"begin":758,"end":762},"obj":"18420248"},{"id":"19176218-15474733-3579170","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1273},"obj":"15474733"},{"id":"19176218-15474733-3579170","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1273},"obj":"15474733"},{"id":"19176218-18420248-3579168","span":{"begin":218,"end":222},"obj":"18420248"},{"id":"19176218-18420248-3579168","span":{"begin":218,"end":222},"obj":"18420248"},{"id":"19176218-18420248-3579169","span":{"begin":758,"end":762},"obj":"18420248"},{"id":"19176218-18420248-3579169","span":{"begin":758,"end":762},"obj":"18420248"},{"id":"T43558","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1273},"obj":"15474733"},{"id":"T33621","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1273},"obj":"15474733"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"19176218-18420248-100518318","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-18420248-100518318","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-18420248-100518319","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-18420248-100518319","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-15474733-3579170","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-15474733-3579170","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-18420248-3579168","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-18420248-3579168","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-18420248-3579169","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"19176218-18420248-3579169","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"T43558","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"T33621","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#eca093","default":true}]}]}}