PMC:1635039 / 2207-3498 JSONTXT

{"project":"craft-sa-dev","denotations":[{"id":"T2862","span":{"begin":0,"end":2},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2863","span":{"begin":17,"end":21},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2864","span":{"begin":3,"end":16},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2865","span":{"begin":94,"end":106},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T2866","span":{"begin":22,"end":24},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2867","span":{"begin":25,"end":30},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2868","span":{"begin":31,"end":33},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2869","span":{"begin":34,"end":37},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2870","span":{"begin":38,"end":49},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2871","span":{"begin":50,"end":52},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2872","span":{"begin":53,"end":56},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2873","span":{"begin":73,"end":78},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2874","span":{"begin":57,"end":64},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2875","span":{"begin":65,"end":72},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2876","span":{"begin":79,"end":82},"obj":"VBD"},{"id":"T2877","span":{"begin":83,"end":93},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"T2878","span":{"begin":107,"end":109},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2879","span":{"begin":110,"end":120},"obj":"VBG"},{"id":"T2880","span":{"begin":121,"end":128},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2881","span":{"begin":129,"end":131},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2882","span":{"begin":132,"end":137},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"T2883","span":{"begin":138,"end":141},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"T2884","span":{"begin":142,"end":151},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2885","span":{"begin":152,"end":153},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T2886","span":{"begin":153,"end":154},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T2887","span":{"begin":154,"end":155},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T2888","span":{"begin":155,"end":157},"obj":","},{"id":"T2889","span":{"begin":157,"end":160},"obj":"WP"},{"id":"T2890","span":{"begin":161,"end":167},"obj":"VBD"},{"id":"T2891","span":{"begin":168,"end":172},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2892","span":{"begin":206,"end":209},"obj":"VBD"},{"id":"T2893","span":{"begin":173,"end":181},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2894","span":{"begin":182,"end":184},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2895","span":{"begin":185,"end":188},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2896","span":{"begin":189,"end":192},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2897","span":{"begin":193,"end":195},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2898","span":{"begin":196,"end":199},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2899","span":{"begin":200,"end":205},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2900","span":{"begin":210,"end":212},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2901","span":{"begin":213,"end":219},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2902","span":{"begin":228,"end":233},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2903","span":{"begin":220,"end":227},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2904","span":{"begin":234,"end":235},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T2905","span":{"begin":235,"end":238},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2906","span":{"begin":238,"end":239},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T2907","span":{"begin":240,"end":247},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"T2908","span":{"begin":248,"end":257},"obj":"VBG"},{"id":"T2909","span":{"begin":258,"end":268},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2910","span":{"begin":277,"end":287},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2911","span":{"begin":269,"end":276},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2912","span":{"begin":288,"end":289},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T2913","span":{"begin":289,"end":292},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2914","span":{"begin":292,"end":293},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T2915","span":{"begin":293,"end":295},"obj":","},{"id":"T2916","span":{"begin":295,"end":308},"obj":"VBG"},{"id":"T2917","span":{"begin":309,"end":311},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2918","span":{"begin":312,"end":315},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2919","span":{"begin":322,"end":329},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2920","span":{"begin":316,"end":321},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2921","span":{"begin":330,"end":333},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"T2922","span":{"begin":334,"end":341},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2923","span":{"begin":342,"end":347},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2924","span":{"begin":348,"end":362},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2925","span":{"begin":363,"end":364},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T2926","span":{"begin":364,"end":365},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T2927","span":{"begin":365,"end":366},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T2928","span":{"begin":366,"end":367},"obj":"."},{"id":"T2929","span":{"begin":367,"end":566},"obj":"sentence"},{"id":"T2930","span":{"begin":368,"end":373},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"T2931","span":{"begin":384,"end":389},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2932","span":{"begin":374,"end":383},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2933","span":{"begin":400,"end":405},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T2934","span":{"begin":390,"end":394},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"T2935","span":{"begin":395,"end":399},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T2936","span":{"begin":406,"end":408},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"T2937","span":{"begin":409,"end":415},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"T2938","span":{"begin":416,"end":417},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2939","span":{"begin":431,"end":437},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2940","span":{"begin":418,"end":430},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2941","span":{"begin":438,"end":440},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2942","span":{"begin":441,"end":451},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2943","span":{"begin":452,"end":455},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"T2944","span":{"begin":456,"end":461},"obj":"PRP$"},{"id":"T2945","span":{"begin":462,"end":466},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2946","span":{"begin":478,"end":488},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T2947","span":{"begin":467,"end":469},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"T2948","span":{"begin":470,"end":477},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"T2949","span":{"begin":489,"end":491},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2950","span":{"begin":492,"end":505},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2951","span":{"begin":506,"end":513},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2952","span":{"begin":514,"end":518},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2953","span":{"begin":519,"end":524},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2954","span":{"begin":525,"end":537},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2955","span":{"begin":538,"end":542},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2956","span":{"begin":554,"end":561},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"T2957","span":{"begin":543,"end":548},"obj":"WDT"},{"id":"T2958","span":{"begin":549,"end":553},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2959","span":{"begin":562,"end":563},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T2960","span":{"begin":563,"end":564},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T2961","span":{"begin":564,"end":565},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T2962","span":{"begin":565,"end":566},"obj":"."},{"id":"T2963","span":{"begin":566,"end":721},"obj":"sentence"},{"id":"T2964","span":{"begin":567,"end":574},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2965","span":{"begin":582,"end":589},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2966","span":{"begin":575,"end":581},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2967","span":{"begin":595,"end":604},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T2968","span":{"begin":590,"end":594},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"T2969","span":{"begin":605,"end":609},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2970","span":{"begin":666,"end":669},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"T2971","span":{"begin":610,"end":617},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2972","span":{"begin":618,"end":620},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2973","span":{"begin":621,"end":624},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2974","span":{"begin":631,"end":642},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2975","span":{"begin":625,"end":628},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2976","span":{"begin":629,"end":630},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2977","span":{"begin":628,"end":629},"obj":"HYPH"},{"id":"T2978","span":{"begin":642,"end":644},"obj":","},{"id":"T2979","span":{"begin":644,"end":648},"obj":"FW"},{"id":"T2980","span":{"begin":654,"end":656},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2981","span":{"begin":648,"end":650},"obj":","},{"id":"T2982","span":{"begin":650,"end":653},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T2983","span":{"begin":653,"end":654},"obj":"HYPH"},{"id":"T2984","span":{"begin":657,"end":660},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"T2985","span":{"begin":661,"end":665},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2986","span":{"begin":670,"end":676},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2987","span":{"begin":677,"end":687},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2988","span":{"begin":688,"end":690},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"T2989","span":{"begin":691,"end":698},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"T2990","span":{"begin":699,"end":703},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2991","span":{"begin":704,"end":706},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T2992","span":{"begin":707,"end":712},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T2993","span":{"begin":713,"end":720},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2994","span":{"begin":720,"end":721},"obj":"."},{"id":"T2995","span":{"begin":721,"end":930},"obj":"sentence"},{"id":"T2996","span":{"begin":722,"end":726},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T2997","span":{"begin":747,"end":754},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"T2998","span":{"begin":727,"end":736},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T2999","span":{"begin":737,"end":739},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3000","span":{"begin":740,"end":743},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3001","span":{"begin":744,"end":746},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3002","span":{"begin":743,"end":744},"obj":"HYPH"},{"id":"T3003","span":{"begin":755,"end":761},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3004","span":{"begin":781,"end":788},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T3005","span":{"begin":762,"end":768},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3006","span":{"begin":774,"end":780},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3007","span":{"begin":769,"end":773},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3008","span":{"begin":789,"end":790},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T3009","span":{"begin":790,"end":791},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3010","span":{"begin":791,"end":792},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T3011","span":{"begin":792,"end":794},"obj":","},{"id":"T3012","span":{"begin":794,"end":799},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3013","span":{"begin":873,"end":880},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"T3014","span":{"begin":800,"end":806},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3015","span":{"begin":813,"end":817},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3016","span":{"begin":807,"end":812},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3017","span":{"begin":818,"end":826},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3018","span":{"begin":827,"end":837},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3019","span":{"begin":838,"end":840},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3020","span":{"begin":841,"end":844},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3021","span":{"begin":845,"end":846},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3022","span":{"begin":844,"end":845},"obj":"HYPH"},{"id":"T3023","span":{"begin":855,"end":863},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3024","span":{"begin":847,"end":851},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3025","span":{"begin":852,"end":854},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3026","span":{"begin":864,"end":865},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T3027","span":{"begin":865,"end":871},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3028","span":{"begin":871,"end":872},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T3029","span":{"begin":881,"end":883},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3030","span":{"begin":884,"end":896},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3031","span":{"begin":897,"end":899},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3032","span":{"begin":900,"end":903},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T3033","span":{"begin":911,"end":915},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3034","span":{"begin":904,"end":910},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3035","span":{"begin":916,"end":919},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"T3036","span":{"begin":920,"end":923},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3037","span":{"begin":924,"end":925},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T3038","span":{"begin":927,"end":928},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3039","span":{"begin":925,"end":926},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3040","span":{"begin":926,"end":927},"obj":","},{"id":"T3041","span":{"begin":928,"end":929},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T3042","span":{"begin":929,"end":930},"obj":"."},{"id":"T3043","span":{"begin":930,"end":1106},"obj":"sentence"},{"id":"T3044","span":{"begin":931,"end":935},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T3045","span":{"begin":936,"end":937},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3046","span":{"begin":949,"end":957},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T3047","span":{"begin":938,"end":941},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"T3048","span":{"begin":942,"end":943},"obj":"HYPH"},{"id":"T3049","span":{"begin":943,"end":944},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3050","span":{"begin":945,"end":948},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"T3051","span":{"begin":958,"end":961},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3052","span":{"begin":962,"end":968},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3053","span":{"begin":969,"end":978},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3054","span":{"begin":979,"end":981},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3055","span":{"begin":982,"end":985},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T3056","span":{"begin":1000,"end":1008},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T3057","span":{"begin":986,"end":993},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3058","span":{"begin":994,"end":999},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3059","span":{"begin":1009,"end":1010},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T3060","span":{"begin":1010,"end":1012},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3061","span":{"begin":1012,"end":1013},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T3062","span":{"begin":1013,"end":1015},"obj":","},{"id":"T3063","span":{"begin":1015,"end":1020},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3064","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1051},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T3065","span":{"begin":1021,"end":1024},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3066","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1041},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3067","span":{"begin":1025,"end":1029},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3068","span":{"begin":1030,"end":1032},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3069","span":{"begin":1042,"end":1044},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"T3070","span":{"begin":1052,"end":1055},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3071","span":{"begin":1056,"end":1062},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3072","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1074},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3073","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1077},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3074","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1081},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T3075","span":{"begin":1094,"end":1100},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T3076","span":{"begin":1082,"end":1093},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3077","span":{"begin":1101,"end":1102},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T3078","span":{"begin":1102,"end":1104},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3079","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1105},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T3080","span":{"begin":1105,"end":1106},"obj":"."},{"id":"T3081","span":{"begin":1106,"end":1291},"obj":"sentence"},{"id":"T3082","span":{"begin":1107,"end":1115},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"T3083","span":{"begin":1199,"end":1204},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T3084","span":{"begin":1115,"end":1117},"obj":","},{"id":"T3085","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1123},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3086","span":{"begin":1124,"end":1129},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3087","span":{"begin":1130,"end":1138},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3088","span":{"begin":1129,"end":1130},"obj":"HYPH"},{"id":"T3089","span":{"begin":1139,"end":1147},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3090","span":{"begin":1148,"end":1150},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3091","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1154},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"T3092","span":{"begin":1176,"end":1180},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3093","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1158},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3094","span":{"begin":1159,"end":1163},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3095","span":{"begin":1164,"end":1165},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3096","span":{"begin":1166,"end":1175},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T3097","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1184},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"T3098","span":{"begin":1185,"end":1189},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3099","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1193},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"T3100","span":{"begin":1194,"end":1198},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"T3101","span":{"begin":1205,"end":1207},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"T3102","span":{"begin":1208,"end":1212},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"T3103","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1215},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3104","span":{"begin":1216,"end":1225},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3105","span":{"begin":1244,"end":1253},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"T3106","span":{"begin":1226,"end":1233},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3107","span":{"begin":1234,"end":1243},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3108","span":{"begin":1233,"end":1234},"obj":"HYPH"},{"id":"T3109","span":{"begin":1253,"end":1255},"obj":","},{"id":"T3110","span":{"begin":1255,"end":1260},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"T3111","span":{"begin":1261,"end":1266},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3112","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1282},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"T3113","span":{"begin":1267,"end":1274},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"T3114","span":{"begin":1283,"end":1284},"obj":"-LRB-"},{"id":"T3115","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1289},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3116","span":{"begin":1284,"end":1286},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"T3117","span":{"begin":1286,"end":1287},"obj":","},{"id":"T3118","span":{"begin":1289,"end":1290},"obj":"-RRB-"},{"id":"T3119","span":{"begin":1290,"end":1291},"obj":"."}],"relations":[{"id":"R356","pred":"det","subj":"T2862","obj":"T2863"},{"id":"R360","pred":"nsubjpass","subj":"T2863","obj":"T2865"},{"id":"R368","pred":"amod","subj":"T2864","obj":"T2863"},{"id":"R372","pred":"prep","subj":"T2866","obj":"T2863"},{"id":"R376","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2867","obj":"T2866"},{"id":"R379","pred":"prep","subj":"T2868","obj":"T2863"},{"id":"R383","pred":"det","subj":"T2869","obj":"T2870"},{"id":"R387","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2870","obj":"T2868"},{"id":"R390","pred":"prep","subj":"T2871","obj":"T2870"},{"id":"R394","pred":"det","subj":"T2872","obj":"T2873"},{"id":"R398","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2873","obj":"T2871"},{"id":"R399","pred":"amod","subj":"T2874","obj":"T2873"},{"id":"R402","pred":"compound","subj":"T2875","obj":"T2873"},{"id":"R406","pred":"auxpass","subj":"T2876","obj":"T2865"},{"id":"R409","pred":"advmod","subj":"T2877","obj":"T2865"},{"id":"R411","pred":"agent","subj":"T2878","obj":"T2865"},{"id":"R419","pred":"amod","subj":"T2879","obj":"T2880"},{"id":"R422","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2880","obj":"T2878"},{"id":"R423","pred":"prep","subj":"T2881","obj":"T2880"},{"id":"R424","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2882","obj":"T2881"},{"id":"R425","pred":"cc","subj":"T2883","obj":"T2882"},{"id":"R426","pred":"conj","subj":"T2884","obj":"T2882"},{"id":"R427","pred":"cc","subj":"T2943","obj":"T2933"},{"id":"R428","pred":"poss","subj":"T2944","obj":"T2945"},{"id":"R429","pred":"punct","subj":"T2885","obj":"T2886"},{"id":"R430","pred":"nsubjpass","subj":"T2945","obj":"T2946"},{"id":"R431","pred":"conj","subj":"T2946","obj":"T2933"},{"id":"R432","pred":"auxpass","subj":"T2947","obj":"T2946"},{"id":"R433","pred":"parataxis","subj":"T2886","obj":"T2884"},{"id":"R434","pred":"advmod","subj":"T2948","obj":"T2946"},{"id":"R435","pred":"agent","subj":"T2949","obj":"T2946"},{"id":"R436","pred":"punct","subj":"T2887","obj":"T2886"},{"id":"R437","pred":"amod","subj":"T2950","obj":"T2951"},{"id":"R438","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2951","obj":"T2949"},{"id":"R439","pred":"punct","subj":"T2888","obj":"T2882"},{"id":"R440","pred":"prep","subj":"T2952","obj":"T2951"},{"id":"R441","pred":"amod","subj":"T2953","obj":"T2954"},{"id":"R442","pred":"dep","subj":"T2889","obj":"T2890"},{"id":"R443","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2954","obj":"T2952"},{"id":"R444","pred":"prep","subj":"T2955","obj":"T2956"},{"id":"R445","pred":"relcl","subj":"T2956","obj":"T2954"},{"id":"R446","pred":"relcl","subj":"T2890","obj":"T2882"},{"id":"R447","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2957","obj":"T2955"},{"id":"R448","pred":"nsubj","subj":"T2958","obj":"T2956"},{"id":"R450","pred":"mark","subj":"T2891","obj":"T2892"},{"id":"R451","pred":"ccomp","subj":"T2892","obj":"T2890"},{"id":"R452","pred":"parataxis","subj":"T2960","obj":"T2946"},{"id":"R453","pred":"nsubj","subj":"T2893","obj":"T2892"},{"id":"R454","pred":"punct","subj":"T2961","obj":"T2960"},{"id":"R455","pred":"punct","subj":"T2962","obj":"T2946"},{"id":"R456","pred":"prep","subj":"T2894","obj":"T2893"},{"id":"R457","pred":"amod","subj":"T2964","obj":"T2965"},{"id":"R458","pred":"nsubj","subj":"T2965","obj":"T2967"},{"id":"R459","pred":"det","subj":"T2895","obj":"T2896"},{"id":"R460","pred":"amod","subj":"T2966","obj":"T2965"},{"id":"R461","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2896","obj":"T2894"},{"id":"R462","pred":"aux","subj":"T2968","obj":"T2967"},{"id":"R463","pred":"mark","subj":"T2969","obj":"T2970"},{"id":"R464","pred":"ccomp","subj":"T2970","obj":"T2967"},{"id":"R465","pred":"prep","subj":"T2897","obj":"T2893"},{"id":"R466","pred":"nsubj","subj":"T2971","obj":"T2970"},{"id":"R467","pred":"prep","subj":"T2972","obj":"T2971"},{"id":"R468","pred":"det","subj":"T2973","obj":"T2974"},{"id":"R469","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2974","obj":"T2972"},{"id":"R470","pred":"compound","subj":"T2975","obj":"T2976"},{"id":"R471","pred":"det","subj":"T2898","obj":"T2899"},{"id":"R472","pred":"compound","subj":"T2976","obj":"T2974"},{"id":"R473","pred":"punct","subj":"T2977","obj":"T2976"},{"id":"R474","pred":"punct","subj":"T2978","obj":"T2971"},{"id":"R475","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2899","obj":"T2897"},{"id":"R476","pred":"advmod","subj":"T2979","obj":"T2980"},{"id":"R477","pred":"appos","subj":"T2980","obj":"T2971"},{"id":"R478","pred":"prep","subj":"T2900","obj":"T2892"},{"id":"R479","pred":"punct","subj":"T2981","obj":"T2980"},{"id":"R480","pred":"compound","subj":"T2982","obj":"T2980"},{"id":"R481","pred":"punct","subj":"T2983","obj":"T2980"},{"id":"R482","pred":"amod","subj":"T2901","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R483","pred":"cc","subj":"T2984","obj":"T2980"},{"id":"R484","pred":"conj","subj":"T2985","obj":"T2980"},{"id":"R485","pred":"amod","subj":"T2986","obj":"T2987"},{"id":"R486","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2902","obj":"T2900"},{"id":"R487","pred":"attr","subj":"T2987","obj":"T2970"},{"id":"R488","pred":"aux","subj":"T2988","obj":"T2989"},{"id":"R489","pred":"compound","subj":"T2903","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R490","pred":"advcl","subj":"T2989","obj":"T2987"},{"id":"R491","pred":"dobj","subj":"T2990","obj":"T2989"},{"id":"R492","pred":"punct","subj":"T2904","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R493","pred":"prep","subj":"T2991","obj":"T2990"},{"id":"R494","pred":"det","subj":"T2992","obj":"T2993"},{"id":"R495","pred":"appos","subj":"T2905","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R496","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2993","obj":"T2991"},{"id":"R497","pred":"punct","subj":"T2994","obj":"T2967"},{"id":"R498","pred":"punct","subj":"T2906","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R499","pred":"nsubj","subj":"T2996","obj":"T2997"},{"id":"R500","pred":"nmod","subj":"T2907","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R501","pred":"amod","subj":"T2998","obj":"T2996"},{"id":"R502","pred":"prep","subj":"T2999","obj":"T2998"},{"id":"R503","pred":"compound","subj":"T3000","obj":"T3001"},{"id":"R504","pred":"prep","subj":"T2908","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R505","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3001","obj":"T2999"},{"id":"R506","pred":"punct","subj":"T3002","obj":"T3001"},{"id":"R507","pred":"amod","subj":"T3003","obj":"T3004"},{"id":"R508","pred":"amod","subj":"T2909","obj":"T2910"},{"id":"R509","pred":"dobj","subj":"T3004","obj":"T2997"},{"id":"R510","pred":"amod","subj":"T3005","obj":"T3006"},{"id":"R511","pred":"compound","subj":"T3006","obj":"T3004"},{"id":"R512","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2910","obj":"T2908"},{"id":"R513","pred":"compound","subj":"T3007","obj":"T3006"},{"id":"R514","pred":"punct","subj":"T3008","obj":"T3009"},{"id":"R515","pred":"parataxis","subj":"T3009","obj":"T2997"},{"id":"R516","pred":"compound","subj":"T2911","obj":"T2910"},{"id":"R517","pred":"punct","subj":"T3010","obj":"T3009"},{"id":"R518","pred":"punct","subj":"T3011","obj":"T2997"},{"id":"R519","pred":"punct","subj":"T2912","obj":"T2910"},{"id":"R520","pred":"mark","subj":"T3012","obj":"T3013"},{"id":"R521","pred":"advcl","subj":"T3013","obj":"T2997"},{"id":"R522","pred":"amod","subj":"T3014","obj":"T3015"},{"id":"R523","pred":"npadvmod","subj":"T3015","obj":"T3017"},{"id":"R524","pred":"compound","subj":"T3016","obj":"T3015"},{"id":"R525","pred":"amod","subj":"T3017","obj":"T3018"},{"id":"R526","pred":"appos","subj":"T2913","obj":"T2910"},{"id":"R527","pred":"nsubj","subj":"T3018","obj":"T3013"},{"id":"R528","pred":"prep","subj":"T3019","obj":"T3018"},{"id":"R529","pred":"nmod","subj":"T3020","obj":"T3021"},{"id":"R530","pred":"punct","subj":"T2914","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R531","pred":"nmod","subj":"T3021","obj":"T3023"},{"id":"R532","pred":"punct","subj":"T3022","obj":"T3021"},{"id":"R533","pred":"punct","subj":"T2915","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R534","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3023","obj":"T3019"},{"id":"R535","pred":"nmod","subj":"T3024","obj":"T3023"},{"id":"R536","pred":"conj","subj":"T2916","obj":"T2902"},{"id":"R537","pred":"nummod","subj":"T3025","obj":"T3023"},{"id":"R538","pred":"punct","subj":"T3026","obj":"T3023"},{"id":"R539","pred":"appos","subj":"T3027","obj":"T3023"},{"id":"R540","pred":"prep","subj":"T2917","obj":"T2916"},{"id":"R541","pred":"punct","subj":"T3028","obj":"T3013"},{"id":"R542","pred":"prep","subj":"T3029","obj":"T3013"},{"id":"R543","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3030","obj":"T3029"},{"id":"R544","pred":"det","subj":"T2918","obj":"T2919"},{"id":"R545","pred":"prep","subj":"T3031","obj":"T3030"},{"id":"R546","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2919","obj":"T2917"},{"id":"R547","pred":"det","subj":"T3032","obj":"T3033"},{"id":"R548","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3033","obj":"T3031"},{"id":"R549","pred":"amod","subj":"T3034","obj":"T3033"},{"id":"R550","pred":"amod","subj":"T2920","obj":"T2919"},{"id":"R551","pred":"cc","subj":"T3035","obj":"T3033"},{"id":"R552","pred":"conj","subj":"T3036","obj":"T3033"},{"id":"R553","pred":"punct","subj":"T3037","obj":"T3038"},{"id":"R554","pred":"cc","subj":"T2921","obj":"T2916"},{"id":"R555","pred":"parataxis","subj":"T3038","obj":"T3013"},{"id":"R556","pred":"nummod","subj":"T3039","obj":"T3038"},{"id":"R557","pred":"punct","subj":"T3040","obj":"T3038"},{"id":"R558","pred":"compound","subj":"T2922","obj":"T2923"},{"id":"R559","pred":"punct","subj":"T3041","obj":"T3038"},{"id":"R560","pred":"punct","subj":"T3042","obj":"T2997"},{"id":"R561","pred":"compound","subj":"T2923","obj":"T2924"},{"id":"R562","pred":"nmod","subj":"T3044","obj":"T3045"},{"id":"R563","pred":"nsubjpass","subj":"T3045","obj":"T3046"},{"id":"R564","pred":"conj","subj":"T2924","obj":"T2916"},{"id":"R565","pred":"punct","subj":"T2925","obj":"T2926"},{"id":"R566","pred":"cc","subj":"T3047","obj":"T3045"},{"id":"R567","pred":"parataxis","subj":"T2926","obj":"T2892"},{"id":"R568","pred":"punct","subj":"T2927","obj":"T2926"},{"id":"R569","pred":"punct","subj":"T2928","obj":"T2865"},{"id":"R570","pred":"punct","subj":"T3048","obj":"T3049"},{"id":"R571","pred":"advmod","subj":"T2930","obj":"T2931"},{"id":"R572","pred":"conj","subj":"T3049","obj":"T3045"},{"id":"R573","pred":"auxpass","subj":"T3050","obj":"T3046"},{"id":"R574","pred":"prep","subj":"T3051","obj":"T3046"},{"id":"R575","pred":"amod","subj":"T3052","obj":"T3053"},{"id":"R576","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3053","obj":"T3051"},{"id":"R577","pred":"prep","subj":"T3054","obj":"T3053"},{"id":"R578","pred":"det","subj":"T3055","obj":"T3056"},{"id":"R579","pred":"nsubjpass","subj":"T2931","obj":"T2933"},{"id":"R580","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3056","obj":"T3054"},{"id":"R581","pred":"compound","subj":"T3057","obj":"T3058"},{"id":"R582","pred":"amod","subj":"T2932","obj":"T2931"},{"id":"R583","pred":"compound","subj":"T3058","obj":"T3056"},{"id":"R584","pred":"punct","subj":"T3059","obj":"T3060"},{"id":"R585","pred":"parataxis","subj":"T3060","obj":"T3053"},{"id":"R586","pred":"aux","subj":"T2934","obj":"T2933"},{"id":"R587","pred":"punct","subj":"T3061","obj":"T3060"},{"id":"R588","pred":"punct","subj":"T3062","obj":"T3046"},{"id":"R589","pred":"mark","subj":"T3063","obj":"T3064"},{"id":"R590","pred":"auxpass","subj":"T2935","obj":"T2933"},{"id":"R591","pred":"advcl","subj":"T3064","obj":"T3046"},{"id":"R592","pred":"nmod","subj":"T3065","obj":"T3066"},{"id":"R593","pred":"nsubjpass","subj":"T3066","obj":"T3064"},{"id":"R594","pred":"aux","subj":"T2936","obj":"T2937"},{"id":"R595","pred":"nmod","subj":"T3067","obj":"T3066"},{"id":"R596","pred":"nummod","subj":"T3068","obj":"T3067"},{"id":"R597","pred":"auxpass","subj":"T3069","obj":"T3064"},{"id":"R598","pred":"xcomp","subj":"T2937","obj":"T2933"},{"id":"R599","pred":"prep","subj":"T3070","obj":"T3064"},{"id":"R600","pred":"amod","subj":"T3071","obj":"T3072"},{"id":"R601","pred":"det","subj":"T2938","obj":"T2939"},{"id":"R602","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3072","obj":"T3070"},{"id":"R603","pred":"prep","subj":"T3073","obj":"T3072"},{"id":"R604","pred":"det","subj":"T3074","obj":"T3075"},{"id":"R605","pred":"dobj","subj":"T2939","obj":"T2937"},{"id":"R606","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3075","obj":"T3073"},{"id":"R607","pred":"amod","subj":"T3076","obj":"T3075"},{"id":"R608","pred":"punct","subj":"T3077","obj":"T3078"},{"id":"R609","pred":"amod","subj":"T2940","obj":"T2939"},{"id":"R610","pred":"parataxis","subj":"T3078","obj":"T3046"},{"id":"R611","pred":"punct","subj":"T3079","obj":"T3078"},{"id":"R612","pred":"prep","subj":"T2941","obj":"T2939"},{"id":"R613","pred":"punct","subj":"T3080","obj":"T3046"},{"id":"R614","pred":"advmod","subj":"T3082","obj":"T3083"},{"id":"R615","pred":"pobj","subj":"T2942","obj":"T2941"},{"id":"R616","pred":"punct","subj":"T3084","obj":"T3083"},{"id":"R618","pred":"amod","subj":"T3085","obj":"T3086"},{"id":"R619","pred":"npadvmod","subj":"T3086","obj":"T3087"},{"id":"R620","pred":"amod","subj":"T3087","obj":"T3089"},{"id":"R621","pred":"punct","subj":"T3088","obj":"T3087"},{"id":"R623","pred":"nsubjpass","subj":"T3089","obj":"T3083"},{"id":"R624","pred":"prep","subj":"T3090","obj":"T3089"},{"id":"R625","pred":"det","subj":"T3091","obj":"T3092"},{"id":"R626","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3092","obj":"T3090"},{"id":"R627","pred":"nmod","subj":"T3093","obj":"T3092"},{"id":"R628","pred":"nmod","subj":"T3094","obj":"T3092"},{"id":"R630","pred":"nummod","subj":"T3095","obj":"T3094"},{"id":"R631","pred":"compound","subj":"T3096","obj":"T3092"},{"id":"R632","pred":"cc","subj":"T3097","obj":"T3092"},{"id":"R634","pred":"conj","subj":"T3098","obj":"T3092"},{"id":"R635","pred":"aux","subj":"T3099","obj":"T3083"},{"id":"R636","pred":"auxpass","subj":"T3100","obj":"T3083"},{"id":"R637","pred":"aux","subj":"T3101","obj":"T3102"},{"id":"R639","pred":"xcomp","subj":"T3102","obj":"T3083"},{"id":"R640","pred":"prep","subj":"T3103","obj":"T3102"},{"id":"R642","pred":"amod","subj":"T3104","obj":"T3105"},{"id":"R643","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3105","obj":"T3103"},{"id":"R644","pred":"amod","subj":"T3106","obj":"T3107"},{"id":"R646","pred":"amod","subj":"T3107","obj":"T3105"},{"id":"R647","pred":"punct","subj":"T3108","obj":"T3107"},{"id":"R649","pred":"punct","subj":"T3109","obj":"T3105"},{"id":"R650","pred":"prep","subj":"T3110","obj":"T3105"},{"id":"R651","pred":"amod","subj":"T3111","obj":"T3112"},{"id":"R653","pred":"pobj","subj":"T3112","obj":"T3110"},{"id":"R655","pred":"amod","subj":"T3113","obj":"T3112"},{"id":"R657","pred":"punct","subj":"T3114","obj":"T3115"},{"id":"R659","pred":"parataxis","subj":"T3115","obj":"T3083"},{"id":"R660","pred":"nummod","subj":"T3116","obj":"T3115"},{"id":"R661","pred":"punct","subj":"T3117","obj":"T3115"},{"id":"R663","pred":"punct","subj":"T3118","obj":"T3115"},{"id":"R664","pred":"punct","subj":"T3119","obj":"T3083"},{"id":"R449","pred":"punct","subj":"T2959","obj":"T2960"}],"text":"An indispensable role of CNCCs in the development of the cardiac outflow tract was originally demonstrated by pioneering studies of Kirby and coworkers [1], who showed that ablation of the CNC in the chick led to severe outflow tract (OFT) defects including persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), mispatterning of the great vessels and outflow tract mal-alignments [5]. Early migratory CNCCs have been shown to retain a considerable degree of plasticity and their fate is largely controlled by instructional signals from local environments into which NCCs migrate [6]. Several recent studies have indicated that members of the TGF-β superfamily, i.e., TGF-βs and BMPs are likely candidates to provide some of these signals. Mice deficient in TGF-β2 display fourth aortic arch artery defects [7], while neural crest cell specific abrogation of TGF-β type II receptor (Tgfbr2) results in interruption of the aortic arch and PTA [8,9]. BMPs 6 and -7 are required for proper formation of the outflow tract cushions [10], while BMP type II receptor is needed for proper development of the conotruncal ridges [11]. Moreover, neural crest-specific deletion of the BMP type I receptors Alk2 and Alk3 has been shown to lead to defective aortico-pulmonary septation, among other cardiac defects [12,13]."}

{"project":"craft-ca-core-ex-dev","denotations":[{"id":"T2530","span":{"begin":57,"end":78},"obj":"UBERON:0004145"},{"id":"T2531","span":{"begin":189,"end":192},"obj":"UBERON:0000095"},{"id":"T2532","span":{"begin":200,"end":205},"obj":"NCBITaxon_UBERON_EXT:chick"},{"id":"T2533","span":{"begin":220,"end":233},"obj":"UBERON:0004145"},{"id":"T2534","span":{"begin":235,"end":238},"obj":"UBERON:0004145"},{"id":"T2535","span":{"begin":269,"end":287},"obj":"UBERON:0002061"},{"id":"T2536","span":{"begin":298,"end":308},"obj":"GO_PATO_EXT:biological_patterning_process_or_quality"},{"id":"T2537","span":{"begin":316,"end":329},"obj":"UBERON:0013768"},{"id":"T2538","span":{"begin":334,"end":347},"obj":"UBERON:0004145"},{"id":"T2539","span":{"begin":374,"end":383},"obj":"GO_EXT:biological_movement_or_translocation_process"},{"id":"T2540","span":{"begin":478,"end":488},"obj":"GO:0065007"},{"id":"T2541","span":{"begin":549,"end":553},"obj":"CL_EXT:neural_crest_cell"},{"id":"T2542","span":{"begin":554,"end":561},"obj":"GO_EXT:biological_movement_or_translocation_process"},{"id":"T2543","span":{"begin":625,"end":630},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000046"},{"id":"T2544","span":{"begin":650,"end":656},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000046"},{"id":"T2545","span":{"begin":661,"end":665},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000034"},{"id":"T2546","span":{"begin":722,"end":726},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T2547","span":{"begin":740,"end":746},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000183"},{"id":"T2548","span":{"begin":755,"end":780},"obj":"UBERON:0003121"},{"id":"T2549","span":{"begin":800,"end":812},"obj":"UBERON:0002342"},{"id":"T2550","span":{"begin":800,"end":817},"obj":"CL_EXT:neural_crest_cell"},{"id":"T2551","span":{"begin":813,"end":817},"obj":"CL_GO_EXT:cell"},{"id":"T2552","span":{"begin":841,"end":863},"obj":"GO_PR_EXT:transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor_type_II"},{"id":"T2553","span":{"begin":865,"end":871},"obj":"GO_PR_EXT:transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor_type_II"},{"id":"T2554","span":{"begin":904,"end":915},"obj":"UBERON:0001508"},{"id":"T2555","span":{"begin":931,"end":937},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000167"},{"id":"T2556","span":{"begin":931,"end":935},"obj":"_FRAGMENT"},{"id":"T2557","span":{"begin":942,"end":944},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000168"},{"id":"T2558","span":{"begin":986,"end":1008},"obj":"UBERON:0005967"},{"id":"T2559","span":{"begin":1021,"end":1041},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000037"},{"id":"T2560","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1041},"obj":"GO_EXT:0004872"},{"id":"T2561","span":{"begin":1082,"end":1100},"obj":"UBERON:0005967"},{"id":"T2562","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1129},"obj":"UBERON:0002342"},{"id":"T2563","span":{"begin":1139,"end":1147},"obj":"SO_EXT:sequence_deletion_entity_or_process"},{"id":"T2564","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1175},"obj":"PR_EXT:BMP_type_1_receptor"},{"id":"T2565","span":{"begin":1166,"end":1175},"obj":"GO_EXT:0004872"},{"id":"T2566","span":{"begin":1176,"end":1180},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000067"},{"id":"T2567","span":{"begin":1185,"end":1189},"obj":"PR_EXT:000000035"},{"id":"T2568","span":{"begin":1226,"end":1233},"obj":"UBERON:0000947"},{"id":"T2569","span":{"begin":1234,"end":1243},"obj":"UBERON:0002048"},{"id":"T2570","span":{"begin":1267,"end":1274},"obj":"UBERON:0000948"}],"relations":[{"id":"R231","pred":"_lexicallyChainedTo","subj":"T2557","obj":"T2556"}],"text":"An indispensable role of CNCCs in the development of the cardiac outflow tract was originally demonstrated by pioneering studies of Kirby and coworkers [1], who showed that ablation of the CNC in the chick led to severe outflow tract (OFT) defects including persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), mispatterning of the great vessels and outflow tract mal-alignments [5]. Early migratory CNCCs have been shown to retain a considerable degree of plasticity and their fate is largely controlled by instructional signals from local environments into which NCCs migrate [6]. Several recent studies have indicated that members of the TGF-β superfamily, i.e., TGF-βs and BMPs are likely candidates to provide some of these signals. Mice deficient in TGF-β2 display fourth aortic arch artery defects [7], while neural crest cell specific abrogation of TGF-β type II receptor (Tgfbr2) results in interruption of the aortic arch and PTA [8,9]. BMPs 6 and -7 are required for proper formation of the outflow tract cushions [10], while BMP type II receptor is needed for proper development of the conotruncal ridges [11]. Moreover, neural crest-specific deletion of the BMP type I receptors Alk2 and Alk3 has been shown to lead to defective aortico-pulmonary septation, among other cardiac defects [12,13]."}

{"project":"craft-ca-core-dev","denotations":[{"id":"T2394","span":{"begin":57,"end":78},"obj":"UBERON:0004145"},{"id":"T2395","span":{"begin":189,"end":192},"obj":"UBERON:0000095"},{"id":"T2396","span":{"begin":220,"end":233},"obj":"UBERON:0004145"},{"id":"T2397","span":{"begin":235,"end":238},"obj":"UBERON:0004145"},{"id":"T2398","span":{"begin":269,"end":287},"obj":"UBERON:0002061"},{"id":"T2399","span":{"begin":316,"end":329},"obj":"UBERON:0013768"},{"id":"T2400","span":{"begin":334,"end":347},"obj":"UBERON:0004145"},{"id":"T2401","span":{"begin":478,"end":488},"obj":"GO:0065007"},{"id":"T2402","span":{"begin":625,"end":630},"obj":"PR:000000046"},{"id":"T2403","span":{"begin":650,"end":656},"obj":"PR:000000046"},{"id":"T2404","span":{"begin":661,"end":665},"obj":"PR:000000034"},{"id":"T2405","span":{"begin":722,"end":726},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T2406","span":{"begin":740,"end":746},"obj":"PR:000000183"},{"id":"T2407","span":{"begin":755,"end":780},"obj":"UBERON:0003121"},{"id":"T2408","span":{"begin":800,"end":812},"obj":"UBERON:0002342"},{"id":"T2409","span":{"begin":841,"end":846},"obj":"PR:000000046"},{"id":"T2410","span":{"begin":904,"end":915},"obj":"UBERON:0001508"},{"id":"T2411","span":{"begin":931,"end":937},"obj":"PR:000000167"},{"id":"T2412","span":{"begin":931,"end":935},"obj":"_FRAGMENT"},{"id":"T2413","span":{"begin":942,"end":944},"obj":"PR:000000168"},{"id":"T2414","span":{"begin":986,"end":1008},"obj":"UBERON:0005967"},{"id":"T2415","span":{"begin":1021,"end":1041},"obj":"PR:000000037"},{"id":"T2416","span":{"begin":1082,"end":1100},"obj":"UBERON:0005967"},{"id":"T2417","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1129},"obj":"UBERON:0002342"},{"id":"T2418","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1158},"obj":"PR:000000034"},{"id":"T2419","span":{"begin":1176,"end":1180},"obj":"PR:000000067"},{"id":"T2420","span":{"begin":1185,"end":1189},"obj":"PR:000000035"},{"id":"T2421","span":{"begin":1226,"end":1233},"obj":"UBERON:0000947"},{"id":"T2422","span":{"begin":1234,"end":1243},"obj":"UBERON:0002048"},{"id":"T2423","span":{"begin":1267,"end":1274},"obj":"UBERON:0000948"}],"relations":[{"id":"R214","pred":"_lexicallyChainedTo","subj":"T2413","obj":"T2412"}],"text":"An indispensable role of CNCCs in the development of the cardiac outflow tract was originally demonstrated by pioneering studies of Kirby and coworkers [1], who showed that ablation of the CNC in the chick led to severe outflow tract (OFT) defects including persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), mispatterning of the great vessels and outflow tract mal-alignments [5]. Early migratory CNCCs have been shown to retain a considerable degree of plasticity and their fate is largely controlled by instructional signals from local environments into which NCCs migrate [6]. Several recent studies have indicated that members of the TGF-β superfamily, i.e., TGF-βs and BMPs are likely candidates to provide some of these signals. Mice deficient in TGF-β2 display fourth aortic arch artery defects [7], while neural crest cell specific abrogation of TGF-β type II receptor (Tgfbr2) results in interruption of the aortic arch and PTA [8,9]. BMPs 6 and -7 are required for proper formation of the outflow tract cushions [10], while BMP type II receptor is needed for proper development of the conotruncal ridges [11]. Moreover, neural crest-specific deletion of the BMP type I receptors Alk2 and Alk3 has been shown to lead to defective aortico-pulmonary septation, among other cardiac defects [12,13]."}