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PubMed:31068417 JSONTXT 26 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE Lectin_function IAV-Glycan

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-55 Sentence denotes Porcine deltacoronavirus enters cells via two pathways:
T2 56-154 Sentence denotes A protease-mediated one at the cell surface and another facilitated by cathepsins in the endosome.
T3 155-312 Sentence denotes Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a pathogen belonging to the genus Deltacoronavirus that in 2014 caused outbreaks of piglet diarrhea in the United States.
T4 313-468 Sentence denotes To identify suitable therapeutic targets, a more comprehensive understanding of the viral entry pathway is required, particularly of the role of proteases.
T5 469-646 Sentence denotes Here, we identified the proteases that activate the viral spike (S) glycoprotein to initiate cell entry and also pinpointed the host-cellular pathways that PDCoV uses for entry.
T6 647-828 Sentence denotes Our results revealed that cathepsin L (CTSL) and cathepsin B (CTSB) in lysosomes and extracellular trypsin in cell cultures independently activate the S protein for membrane fusion.
T7 829-1104 Sentence denotes Pretreating the cells with the lysosomal acidification inhibitor bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1) completely inhibited PDCoV entry, and siRNA-mediated ablation of CTSL or CTSB expression significantly reduced viral infection, indicating that PDCoV uses an endosomal pathway for entry.
T8 1105-1223 Sentence denotes Of note, trypsin treatment of cell cultures also activated PDCoV entry, even when the endosomal pathway was inhibited.
T9 1224-1374 Sentence denotes This observation indicated that trypsin-induced S protein cleavage and activation in cell cultures enables viral entry directly from the cell surface.
T10 1375-1598 Sentence denotes Our results provide critical insights into the PDCoV infection mechanism, uncovering two distinct viral entry pathways: one through cathepsin L and cathepsin B in the endosome and another via a protease at the cell surface.
T11 1599-1906 Sentence denotes Because PDCoV infection sites represent a proteases-rich environment, these findings suggest that endosome inhibitor treatment alone is insufficient to block PDCoV entry into intestinal epithelial cells in vivo Therefore, approaches that inhibit viral entry from the cell membrane should also be considered.