| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-78 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The first identification of carbohydrate binding modules specific to chitosan. |
| T2 |
79-214 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Two carbohydrate binding modules (DD1 and DD2) belonging to CBM32 are located at the C terminus of a chitosanase from Paenibacillus sp. |
| T3 |
215-220 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IK-5. |
| T4 |
221-329 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We produced three proteins, DD1, DD2, and tandem DD1/DD2 (DD1+DD2), and characterized their binding ability. |
| T5 |
330-483 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Transition temperature of thermal unfolding (Tm) of each protein was elevated by the addition of cello-, laminari-, chitin-, or chitosan-hexamer (GlcN)6. |
| T6 |
484-619 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The Tm elevation (ΔTm) in DD1 was the highest (10.3 °C) upon the addition of (GlcN)6 and was markedly higher than that in DD2 (1.0 °C). |
| T7 |
620-705 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A synergistic effect was observed (ΔTm = 13.6 °C), when (GlcN)6 was added to DD1+DD2. |
| T8 |
706-999 |
Sentence |
denotes |
From isothermal titration calorimetry experiments, affinities to DD1 were not clearly dependent upon chain length of (GlcN)n; ΔGr° values were -7.8 (n = 6), -7.6 (n = 5), -7.6 (n = 4), -7.6 (n = 3), and -7.1 (n = 2) kcal/mol, and the value was not obtained for GlcN due to the lowest affinity. |
| T9 |
1000-1090 |
Sentence |
denotes |
DD2 bound (GlcN)n with the lower affinities (ΔGr° = -5.0 (n = 3) ~ -5.2 (n = 6) kcal/mol). |
| T10 |
1091-1345 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Isothermal titration calorimetry profiles obtained for DD1+DD2 exhibited a better fit when the two-site model was used for analysis and provided greater affinities to (GlcN)6 for individual DD1 and DD2 sites (ΔGr° = -8.6 and -6.4 kcal/mol, respectively). |
| T11 |
1346-1538 |
Sentence |
denotes |
From NMR titration experiments, (GlcN)n (n = 2~6) were found to bind to loops extruded from the core β-sandwich of individual DD1 and DD2, and the interaction sites were similar to each other. |
| T12 |
1539-1699 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Taken together, DD1+DD2 is specific to chitosan, and individual modules synergistically interact with at least two GlcN units, facilitating chitosan hydrolysis. |
