| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-211 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Inhibition of interferon (IFN) gamma-induced Jak-STAT1 activation in microglia by vasoactive intestinal peptide: inhibitory effect on CD40, IFN-induced protein-10, and inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression. |
| T2 |
212-359 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interferon (IFN)-gamma is one of the most important microglia stimulators in vivo participating in inflammation and Th1 activation/differentiation. |
| T3 |
360-438 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IFN-gamma-mediated signaling involves the activation of the Jak/STAT1 pathway. |
| T4 |
439-684 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) are two potent microglia-deactivating factors that inhibit the production of proinflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo. |
| T5 |
685-933 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The present study investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the VIP/PACAP regulation of several IFN-gamma-induced microglia-derived factors, including IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), and CD40. |
| T6 |
934-1205 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The results indicate that VIP/PACAP inhibit Jak1-2 and STAT1 phosphorylation, and the binding of activated STAT1 to the IFN-gamma activated site motif in the IFN regulatory factor-1 and CD40 promoter and to the IFN-stimulated response element motif of the IP-10 promoter. |
| T7 |
1206-1478 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Through its effect in the IFN-gamma-induced Jak/STAT1 pathway, VIP and PACAP are able to control the gene expression of IP-10, CD40, and iNOS, three microglia-derived mediators that play an essential role in several pathologies, i.e. inflammation and autoimmune disorders. |
| T8 |
1479-1604 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The effects of VIP/PACAP are mediated through the specific receptor VPAC1 and the cAMP/protein kinase A transduction pathway. |
| T9 |
1605-1911 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Because IFN-gamma is a major stimulator of innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo, the down-regulation of IFN-gamma-induced gene expression by VIP and PACAP could represent a significant element in the regulation of the inflammatory response in the central nervous system by endogenous neuropeptides. |
