| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-131 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Identification of glycosphingolipid receptors for pierisin-1, a guanine-specific ADP-ribosylating toxin from the cabbage butterfly. |
| T2 |
132-243 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pierisin-1, a cytotoxic protein found naturally in the cabbage butterfly, induces apoptosis of mammalian cells. |
| T3 |
244-464 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our recent studies suggest that pierisin-1 consists of an N-terminal ADP-ribosyltransferase domain, and a C-terminal region that binds to receptors on the surfaces of target cells and incorporates the protein into cells. |
| T4 |
465-535 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The present study was undertaken to identify receptors for pierisin-1. |
| T5 |
536-660 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The cross-linking and cloning experiments suggested that the proteins on cell membrane had no binding ability to pierisin-1. |
| T6 |
661-869 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Inhibitory assays of fractionated lipids from human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, which are highly sensitive to pierisin-1, indicated neutral glycosphingolipids on the cell surface to show receptor activity. |
| T7 |
870-1009 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Inhibitory assays and TLC immunostaining using anti-pierisin-1 antibodies demonstrated two neutral glycosphingolipids as active components. |
| T8 |
1010-1207 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Analysis of their structures with glycosphingolipid-specific antibodies and negative secondary ion mass spectrometry identified them as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4). |
| T9 |
1208-1313 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The receptor activities of Gb3 and Gb4 for pierisin-1 were also confirmed with these authentic compounds. |
| T10 |
1314-1532 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pierisin-1-insensitive mouse melanoma MEB4 cells were found to lack pierisin-1 receptors, including Gb3 and Gb4, but pretreatment of the cells with glycosphingolipid Gb3 or Gb4 enhanced their sensitivity to pierisin-1. |
| T11 |
1533-1596 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, Gb3 and Gb4 were proven to serve as pierisin-1 receptors. |
| T12 |
1597-1767 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The C-terminal region of pierisin-1 consists of possible lectin domains of a ricin B-chain, containing QXW sequences, which are essential for its structural organization. |
| T13 |
1768-1866 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Alteration of QXW by site-directed mutagenesis caused marked reduction of pierisin-1 cytotoxicity. |
| T14 |
1867-2061 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, our results suggest that pierisin-1 binds to Gb3 and Gb4 receptors at the C-terminal region, in a manner similar to ricin, and then exhibits cytotoxicity after incorporation into the cell. |
