| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-78 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Trafficking of ganglioside GD3 to mitochondria by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| T2 |
79-167 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The interaction of mitochondria with proapoptotic proteins activates apoptosis pathways. |
| T3 |
168-323 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Previous findings have identified ganglioside GD3 (GD3) as an emerging apoptotic lipid intermediate that targets mitochondria in response to death signals. |
| T4 |
324-514 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using immunoelectron and laser scanning confocal microscopy, we characterize the trafficking of GD3 to mitochondria in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in rat hepatocytes. |
| T5 |
515-705 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In control hepatocytes, GD3 is present predominantly at the plasma membrane as well as in the endosomal/Golgi network, as verified by its colocalization with the asialoglycoprotein receptor. |
| T6 |
706-871 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following TNF-alpha exposure, GD3 undergoes a rapid cellular redistribution with a gradual loss from the plasma membrane before its colocalization with mitochondria. |
| T7 |
872-999 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This process is mimicked by acidic sphingomyelinase and ionizing radiation but not by neutral sphingomyelinase or staurosporin. |
| T8 |
1000-1269 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TNF-alpha stimulated the colocalization of GD3 with early and late endosomal markers, Rab 5 and Rab 7, whereas perturbation of plasma membrane cholesterol or actin cytoskeleton or inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase prevented the trafficking of GD3 to mitochondria. |
| T9 |
1270-1451 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Finally, prevention of the TNF-alpha-stimulated neosynthesis of GD3, cyclosporin A, and latrunculin A or filipin protected sensitized hepatocytes from TNF-alpha-mediated cell death. |
| T10 |
1452-1673 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, the intracellular redistribution and mitochondrial targeting of GD3 during TNF-alpha signaling occurs through actin cytoskeleton vesicular trafficking and contributes to TNF-alpha-mediated hepatocellular cell death. |