| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-97 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Peptidoglycan- and lipoteichoic acid-induced cell activation is mediated by toll-like receptor 2. |
| T2 |
98-232 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The life-threatening complications of sepsis in humans are elicited by infection with Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive bacteria. |
| T3 |
233-450 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recently, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major biologically active agent of Gram-negative bacteria, was shown to mediate cellular activation by a member of the human Toll-like receptor family, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. |
| T4 |
451-623 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Here we investigate the mechanism of cellular activation by soluble peptidoglycan (sPGN) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), main stimulatory components of Gram-positive bacteria. |
| T5 |
624-810 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Like LPS, sPGN and LTA bind to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein CD14 and induce activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in host cells like macrophages. |
| T6 |
811-975 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We show that whole Gram-positive bacteria, sPGN and LTA induce the activation of NF-kappaB in HEK293 cells expressing TLR2 but not in cells expressing TLR1 or TLR4. |
| T7 |
976-1102 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The sPGN- and LTA-induced NF-kappaB activation was not inhibited by polymyxin B, an antibiotic that binds and neutralizes LPS. |
| T8 |
1103-1191 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Coexpression together with membrane CD14 enhances sPGN signal transmission through TLR2. |
| T9 |
1192-1280 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In contrast to LPS signaling, activation of TLR2 by sPGN and LTA does not require serum. |
| T10 |
1281-1369 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These findings identify TLR2 as a signal transducer for sPGN and LTA in addition to LPS. |
