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PMC:3317373 / 15417-20739 JSONTXT 25 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T158 0-2 Sentence denotes 4.
T159 3-13 Sentence denotes Discussion
T7214 14-194 Sentence denotes The present study demonstrated that scratch injury induced the upregulation of NF-κB DNA binding activity and overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP9 in cultured astrocytes.
T160 14-194 Sentence denotes The present study demonstrated that scratch injury induced the upregulation of NF-κB DNA binding activity and overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP9 in cultured astrocytes.
T7215 195-408 Sentence denotes Also we revealed that scratch injury induced higher activity of NF-κB and enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Nrf2 knockout cultured astrocytes than those in wildtype astrocytes for the first time.
T161 195-408 Sentence denotes Also we revealed that scratch injury induced higher activity of NF-κB and enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Nrf2 knockout cultured astrocytes than those in wildtype astrocytes for the first time.
T7216 409-513 Sentence denotes It has been demonstrated that NF-κB is activated in brain and spinal cord after traumatic injury [2, 9].
T162 409-513 Sentence denotes It has been demonstrated that NF-κB is activated in brain and spinal cord after traumatic injury [2, 9].
T7217 514-732 Sentence denotes As a transcript factor, NF-κB binds with DNA once it was activated and induces transcription of MMP9 and a battery of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in brain tissues after TBI [3, 10, 11].
T163 514-732 Sentence denotes As a transcript factor, NF-κB binds with DNA once it was activated and induces transcription of MMP9 and a battery of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in brain tissues after TBI [3, 10, 11].
T7218 733-921 Sentence denotes Our results also revealed that scratch injury induced elevation of NF-κB DNA binding activity, overexpression of MMP9, and proinflammatory mediators mentioned above in cultured astrocytes.
T164 733-921 Sentence denotes Our results also revealed that scratch injury induced elevation of NF-κB DNA binding activity, overexpression of MMP9, and proinflammatory mediators mentioned above in cultured astrocytes.
T7219 922-1022 Sentence denotes It has been demonstrated that there is an autoregulatory loop among these proinflammatory mediators.
T165 922-1022 Sentence denotes It has been demonstrated that there is an autoregulatory loop among these proinflammatory mediators.
T7220 1023-1250 Sentence denotes For example, TNF-α and IL-1β are potent stimulators for MMP9 in astrocytes [12, 13], and IL-6 induces overexpression of MMP9 in human colon carcinoma cells [14], and TNF-α and IL-1β also can induce activation of NF-κB [15, 16].
T166 1023-1250 Sentence denotes For example, TNF-α and IL-1β are potent stimulators for MMP9 in astrocytes [12, 13], and IL-6 induces overexpression of MMP9 in human colon carcinoma cells [14], and TNF-α and IL-1β also can induce activation of NF-κB [15, 16].
T7221 1251-1371 Sentence denotes This autoregulatory loop extremely aggravates the damaging effect of inflammation and induces secondary injury to brain.
T167 1251-1371 Sentence denotes This autoregulatory loop extremely aggravates the damaging effect of inflammation and induces secondary injury to brain.
T7222 1372-1474 Sentence denotes It is a good choice for targeting on an upstream factor to prevent such autoregulatory loop after TBI.
T168 1372-1474 Sentence denotes It is a good choice for targeting on an upstream factor to prevent such autoregulatory loop after TBI.
T7223 1475-1652 Sentence denotes Nrf2-ARE pathway has been proved to be the key regulator in reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, and accumulation of toxic metabolites, which are all involved in TBI.
T169 1475-1652 Sentence denotes Nrf2-ARE pathway has been proved to be the key regulator in reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, and accumulation of toxic metabolites, which are all involved in TBI.
T7224 1653-1739 Sentence denotes Our previous study has proved the augmentation of Nrf2 in brain tissue after TBI [17].
T170 1653-1739 Sentence denotes Our previous study has proved the augmentation of Nrf2 in brain tissue after TBI [17].
T7225 1740-1956 Sentence denotes Enhanced level of Nrf2 activates transcription of a group of antioxidant genes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), which would subsequently reduce the damage in brain [18].
T171 1740-1956 Sentence denotes Enhanced level of Nrf2 activates transcription of a group of antioxidant genes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), which would subsequently reduce the damage in brain [18].
T7226 1957-2218 Sentence denotes Postinjury administration of SFN, an inducer of Nrf2, significantly improves spatial memory of rat and decreases the immunoreactivity for 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the cortex and the CA3 subfield of hippocampus after TBI [19].
T172 1957-2218 Sentence denotes Postinjury administration of SFN, an inducer of Nrf2, significantly improves spatial memory of rat and decreases the immunoreactivity for 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the cortex and the CA3 subfield of hippocampus after TBI [19].
T7227 2219-2289 Sentence denotes On the other hand, Nrf2-deficient mice appear more susceptible to TBI.
T173 2219-2289 Sentence denotes On the other hand, Nrf2-deficient mice appear more susceptible to TBI.
T7228 2290-2387 Sentence denotes Depletion of Nrf2 induces higher expression of proinflammatory mediators in brain after TBI [20].
T174 2290-2387 Sentence denotes Depletion of Nrf2 induces higher expression of proinflammatory mediators in brain after TBI [20].
T7229 2388-2678 Sentence denotes Here, our results revealed that overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP9 after scratch injury was more aggravated in cultured Nrf2 knockout astrocytes than in wildtype astrocyetes for the first time, and overexpression of these proinflammatory mediators led to more astrocytes deaths.
T175 2388-2678 Sentence denotes Here, our results revealed that overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP9 after scratch injury was more aggravated in cultured Nrf2 knockout astrocytes than in wildtype astrocyetes for the first time, and overexpression of these proinflammatory mediators led to more astrocytes deaths.
T7230 2679-2866 Sentence denotes Data obtained from animal studies suggest the possibility that antioxidant effect of Nrf2 may be achieved by suppression of proinflammatory pathways which are mediated by NF-κB signaling.
T176 2679-2866 Sentence denotes Data obtained from animal studies suggest the possibility that antioxidant effect of Nrf2 may be achieved by suppression of proinflammatory pathways which are mediated by NF-κB signaling.
T7231 2867-3035 Sentence denotes Administration of SFN is found to be able to inhibit IKK/IκB phosphorylation and p65 NF-κB subunit nuclear translocation, consequently alleviating NF-κB signaling [21].
T177 2867-3035 Sentence denotes Administration of SFN is found to be able to inhibit IKK/IκB phosphorylation and p65 NF-κB subunit nuclear translocation, consequently alleviating NF-κB signaling [21].
T7232 3036-3177 Sentence denotes And NF-κB activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be attenuated by diverse Nrf2 activators, such as SFN and curcumin (CUR) [22].
T178 3036-3177 Sentence denotes And NF-κB activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be attenuated by diverse Nrf2 activators, such as SFN and curcumin (CUR) [22].
T7233 3178-3360 Sentence denotes Furthermore, our previous studies indicate that depletion of Nrf2 induces augmentation of NF-κB activity and inflammatory response in lung, brain, and intestine after TBI [4, 5, 23].
T179 3178-3360 Sentence denotes Furthermore, our previous studies indicate that depletion of Nrf2 induces augmentation of NF-κB activity and inflammatory response in lung, brain, and intestine after TBI [4, 5, 23].
T7234 3361-3473 Sentence denotes Results from this study further confirmed such relationship existed in cultured astrocytes after scratch injury.
T180 3361-3473 Sentence denotes Results from this study further confirmed such relationship existed in cultured astrocytes after scratch injury.
T7235 3474-3630 Sentence denotes Enhanced activation of NF-κB is also discovered in lung, macrophages, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts of Nrf2-deficient mice after experimental sepsis [24].
T181 3474-3630 Sentence denotes Enhanced activation of NF-κB is also discovered in lung, macrophages, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts of Nrf2-deficient mice after experimental sepsis [24].
T7236 3631-3714 Sentence denotes Interestingly, it is reported that NF-κB can inhibit Nrf2 at transcriptional level.
T182 3631-3714 Sentence denotes Interestingly, it is reported that NF-κB can inhibit Nrf2 at transcriptional level.
T7237 3715-3885 Sentence denotes NF-κB p65 subunit repressed the Nrf2-ARE pathway at transcriptional level by competitive interaction with the CH1-KIX domain of CBP or local histone hypoacetylation [25].
T183 3715-3885 Sentence denotes NF-κB p65 subunit repressed the Nrf2-ARE pathway at transcriptional level by competitive interaction with the CH1-KIX domain of CBP or local histone hypoacetylation [25].
T7238 3886-4066 Sentence denotes All these findings indicate the potential complicate crosstalk between NF-κB and Nrf2, which may be regulated by the upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathway [26].
T184 3886-4066 Sentence denotes All these findings indicate the potential complicate crosstalk between NF-κB and Nrf2, which may be regulated by the upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathway [26].
T7239 4067-4158 Sentence denotes It has been confirmed that Nrf2 is mainly detected in nucleus of astrocytes after TBI [18].
T185 4067-4158 Sentence denotes It has been confirmed that Nrf2 is mainly detected in nucleus of astrocytes after TBI [18].
T7240 4159-4376 Sentence denotes In view of the fact that Nrf2 is a transcription factor which should take function mainly in nucleus, it can be reasoned that astrocytes may be one kind of respondent cells in activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway after TBI.
T186 4159-4376 Sentence denotes In view of the fact that Nrf2 is a transcription factor which should take function mainly in nucleus, it can be reasoned that astrocytes may be one kind of respondent cells in activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway after TBI.
T7241 4377-4518 Sentence denotes Previous study identified the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in cultured astrocytes after treatment with LPS or oxyhemoglobin [27, 28].
T187 4377-4518 Sentence denotes Previous study identified the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in cultured astrocytes after treatment with LPS or oxyhemoglobin [27, 28].
T7242 4519-4672 Sentence denotes Another study revealed that after middle cerebral artery occlusion, MMP9-positive astrocytes were observed in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry [29].
T188 4519-4672 Sentence denotes Another study revealed that after middle cerebral artery occlusion, MMP9-positive astrocytes were observed in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry [29].
T7243 4673-4762 Sentence denotes Those results indicate the role of astrocytes in inflammatory process after brain injury.
T189 4673-4762 Sentence denotes Those results indicate the role of astrocytes in inflammatory process after brain injury.
T7244 4763-4887 Sentence denotes But till now, there is no study focused on the relationship among astrocytes, Nrf2, and proinflammatory mediators after TBI.
T190 4763-4887 Sentence denotes But till now, there is no study focused on the relationship among astrocytes, Nrf2, and proinflammatory mediators after TBI.
T7245 4888-5040 Sentence denotes Our results demonstrated the upregulated expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP9 in Nrf2 knockout astrocytes after scratch injury for the first time.
T191 4888-5040 Sentence denotes Our results demonstrated the upregulated expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP9 in Nrf2 knockout astrocytes after scratch injury for the first time.
T7246 5041-5222 Sentence denotes In conclusion, depletion of Nrf2 induced the activation of NF-κB and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP9 resulting in more cell deaths in astrocytes after scratch injury.
T192 5041-5222 Sentence denotes In conclusion, depletion of Nrf2 induced the activation of NF-κB and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP9 resulting in more cell deaths in astrocytes after scratch injury.
T7247 5223-5322 Sentence denotes These results suggest that Nrf2 may be an important target for anti-inflammatory therapy after TBI.
T193 5223-5322 Sentence denotes These results suggest that Nrf2 may be an important target for anti-inflammatory therapy after TBI.