| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| S1 |
0-76 |
Sentence |
denotes |
JNK is involved in signal integration during costimulation of T lymphocytes. |
| S2 |
77-297 |
Sentence |
denotes |
T lymphocyte activation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production require at least two signals, generated by phorbol ester (TPA) and Ca2+ ionophore or costimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) and the CD28 auxiliary receptor. |
| S3 |
298-379 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We investigated how these stimuli affect mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases. |
| S4 |
380-575 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Full activation of the MAP kinases that phosphorylate the Jun activation domain, JNK1 and JNK2, required costimulation of T cells with either TPA and Ca2+ ionophore or antibodies to TCR and CD28. |
| S5 |
576-633 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Alone, each stimulus resulted in little or no activation. |
| S6 |
634-833 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similar to its effect on IL-2 induction, cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibited the synergistic activation of JNK, and a competitive inhibitor of Jun phosphorylation by JNK inhibited IL-2 promoter activation. |
| S7 |
834-968 |
Sentence |
denotes |
By contrast, the MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2 were fully activated by TPA or TCR stimulation and were not affected by Ca2+, CD28, or CsA. |
| S8 |
969-1068 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hence, integration of signals that lead to T cell activation occurs at the level of JNK activation. |
