craft-sa-dev Home  

PMC:400732 / 21148-22592 JSONTXT 5 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T5854 12-16 DT denotes This
T5855 17-22 NN denotes study
T5856 23-35 VBZ denotes demonstrates
T5857 36-40 IN denotes that
T5859 41-50 NN denotes signaling
T5860 51-53 IN denotes by
T5861 54-62 NN denotes dopamine
T5862 63-67 NNS denotes D2Rs
T5863 68-72 VBZ denotes does
T5864 73-76 RB denotes not
T5858 77-84 VB denotes mediate
T5865 85-88 DT denotes the
T5867 89-96 JJ denotes hedonic
T5866 97-102 NN denotes value
T5868 103-105 IN denotes of
T5869 106-117 NNS denotes reinforcers
T5870 117-119 , denotes ,
T5871 119-129 VBG denotes supporting
T5872 130-133 CC denotes and
T5873 134-142 VBG denotes refining
T5874 143-150 JJR denotes earlier
T5875 151-159 NNS denotes findings
T5876 160-161 -LRB- denotes [
T5878 161-162 CD denotes 1
T5879 162-163 , denotes ,
T5877 163-164 CD denotes 2
T5880 164-165 -RRB- denotes ]
T5881 165-166 . denotes .
T5882 166-358 sentence denotes However, mice completely deficient in D2Rs demonstrated disrupted acquisition of discriminative stimulus relationships and an impaired ability to recognize changes in behavioral determinants.
T5883 167-174 RB denotes However
T5885 174-176 , denotes ,
T5886 176-180 NNS denotes mice
T5887 181-191 RB denotes completely
T5888 192-201 JJ denotes deficient
T5889 202-204 IN denotes in
T5890 205-209 NNS denotes D2Rs
T5884 210-222 VBD denotes demonstrated
T5891 223-232 JJ denotes disrupted
T5892 233-244 NN denotes acquisition
T5893 245-247 IN denotes of
T5894 248-262 JJ denotes discriminative
T5895 263-271 NN denotes stimulus
T5896 272-285 NNS denotes relationships
T5897 286-289 CC denotes and
T5898 290-292 DT denotes an
T5900 293-301 JJ denotes impaired
T5899 302-309 NN denotes ability
T5901 310-312 TO denotes to
T5902 313-322 VB denotes recognize
T5903 323-330 NNS denotes changes
T5904 331-333 IN denotes in
T5905 334-344 JJ denotes behavioral
T5906 345-357 NNS denotes determinants
T5907 357-358 . denotes .
T5908 358-572 sentence denotes Therefore, we suggest that during associative learning or when unexpected reinforcement outcomes are modified (reversal learning) dopamine-driven reinforcement impulses involve signaling mediated by dopamine D2Rs.
T5909 359-368 RB denotes Therefore
T5911 368-370 , denotes ,
T5912 370-372 PRP denotes we
T5910 373-380 VBP denotes suggest
T5913 381-385 IN denotes that
T5915 386-392 IN denotes during
T5916 393-404 JJ denotes associative
T5917 405-413 NN denotes learning
T5918 414-416 CC denotes or
T5919 417-421 WRB denotes when
T5921 422-432 JJ denotes unexpected
T5923 433-446 NN denotes reinforcement
T5922 447-455 NNS denotes outcomes
T5924 456-459 VBP denotes are
T5920 460-468 VBN denotes modified
T5925 469-470 -LRB- denotes (
T5927 470-478 NN denotes reversal
T5926 479-487 NN denotes learning
T5928 487-488 -RRB- denotes )
T5929 489-497 NN denotes dopamine
T5931 497-498 HYPH denotes -
T5930 498-504 VBN denotes driven
T5933 505-518 NN denotes reinforcement
T5932 519-527 NNS denotes impulses
T5914 528-535 VBP denotes involve
T5934 536-545 NN denotes signaling
T5935 546-554 VBN denotes mediated
T5936 555-557 IN denotes by
T5937 558-566 NN denotes dopamine
T5938 567-571 NNS denotes D2Rs
T5939 571-572 . denotes .
T5940 572-853 sentence denotes In the course of associative learning, striatal synapses [38] receive experience-driven gain [7], thus permitting newly established reinforcement-mediated signals to traverse ascending efferents en route to the frontal cortex, completing a functional limbic/motor circuit [39-41].
T5941 573-575 IN denotes In
T5943 576-579 DT denotes the
T5944 580-586 NN denotes course
T5945 587-589 IN denotes of
T5946 590-601 JJ denotes associative
T5947 602-610 NN denotes learning
T5948 610-612 , denotes ,
T5949 612-620 JJ denotes striatal
T5950 621-629 NNS denotes synapses
T5951 630-631 -LRB- denotes [
T5952 631-633 CD denotes 38
T5953 633-634 -RRB- denotes ]
T5942 635-642 VBP denotes receive
T5954 643-653 NN denotes experience
T5956 653-654 HYPH denotes -
T5955 654-660 VBN denotes driven
T5957 661-665 NN denotes gain
T5958 666-667 -LRB- denotes [
T5959 667-668 CD denotes 7
T5960 668-669 -RRB- denotes ]
T5961 669-671 , denotes ,
T5962 671-675 RB denotes thus
T5963 676-686 VBG denotes permitting
T5964 687-692 RB denotes newly
T5965 693-704 VBN denotes established
T5967 705-718 NN denotes reinforcement
T5968 718-719 HYPH denotes -
T5966 719-727 VBN denotes mediated
T5969 728-735 NNS denotes signals
T5970 736-738 TO denotes to
T5971 739-747 VB denotes traverse
T5972 748-757 VBG denotes ascending
T5973 758-767 NNS denotes efferents
T5974 768-770 FW denotes en
T5976 771-776 FW denotes route
T5975 777-779 IN denotes to
T5977 780-783 DT denotes the
T5979 784-791 JJ denotes frontal
T5978 792-798 NN denotes cortex
T5980 798-800 , denotes ,
T5981 800-810 VBG denotes completing
T5982 811-812 DT denotes a
T5984 813-823 JJ denotes functional
T5985 824-830 JJ denotes limbic
T5987 830-831 HYPH denotes /
T5986 831-836 JJ denotes motor
T5983 837-844 NN denotes circuit
T5988 845-846 -LRB- denotes [
T5989 846-848 CD denotes 39
T5990 848-849 SYM denotes -
T5991 849-851 CD denotes 41
T5992 851-852 -RRB- denotes ]
T5993 852-853 . denotes .
T5994 853-1203 sentence denotes Possibly, the lack of dopamine D2R-mediated signaling prevents refinement of the corticostriatal reinforcement circuits in the brains of the D2R-/- mice, thus impairing their ability to form S+/S- contingencies and disengage inappropriate dopamine D1R-mediated associative responding when unexpected consequences to goal-directed behaviors happened.
T5995 854-862 RB denotes Possibly
T5997 862-864 , denotes ,
T5998 864-867 DT denotes the
T5999 868-872 NN denotes lack
T6000 873-875 IN denotes of
T6001 876-884 NN denotes dopamine
T6002 885-888 NN denotes D2R
T6004 888-889 HYPH denotes -
T6003 889-897 VBN denotes mediated
T6005 898-907 NN denotes signaling
T5996 908-916 VBZ denotes prevents
T6006 917-927 NN denotes refinement
T6007 928-930 IN denotes of
T6008 931-934 DT denotes the
T6010 935-950 JJ denotes corticostriatal
T6011 951-964 NN denotes reinforcement
T6009 965-973 NNS denotes circuits
T6012 974-976 IN denotes in
T6013 977-980 DT denotes the
T6014 981-987 NNS denotes brains
T6015 988-990 IN denotes of
T6016 991-994 DT denotes the
T6018 995-998 NN denotes D2R
T6019 998-999 SYM denotes -
T6020 999-1000 HYPH denotes /
T6021 1000-1001 SYM denotes -
T6017 1002-1006 NNS denotes mice
T6022 1006-1008 , denotes ,
T6023 1008-1012 RB denotes thus
T6024 1013-1022 VBG denotes impairing
T6025 1023-1028 PRP$ denotes their
T6026 1029-1036 NN denotes ability
T6027 1037-1039 TO denotes to
T6028 1040-1044 VB denotes form
T6029 1045-1046 NN denotes S
T6031 1046-1047 SYM denotes +
T6032 1047-1048 HYPH denotes /
T6033 1048-1049 NN denotes S
T6034 1049-1050 HYPH denotes -
T6030 1051-1064 NNS denotes contingencies
T6035 1065-1068 CC denotes and
T6036 1069-1078 VB denotes disengage
T6037 1079-1092 JJ denotes inappropriate
T6039 1093-1101 NN denotes dopamine
T6040 1102-1105 NN denotes D1R
T6042 1105-1106 HYPH denotes -
T6041 1106-1114 VBN denotes mediated
T6043 1115-1126 JJ denotes associative
T6038 1127-1137 NN denotes responding
T6044 1138-1142 WRB denotes when
T6046 1143-1153 JJ denotes unexpected
T6047 1154-1166 NNS denotes consequences
T6048 1167-1169 IN denotes to
T6049 1170-1174 NN denotes goal
T6051 1174-1175 HYPH denotes -
T6050 1175-1183 VBN denotes directed
T6052 1184-1193 NNS denotes behaviors
T6045 1194-1202 VBD denotes happened
T6053 1202-1203 . denotes .
T6054 1203-1444 sentence denotes Consequently, we are compelled to conclude that the perseverative performance deficits demonstrated by the D2R-/- mice in the tasks used in the present study reveal a previously unreported role for D2Rs in associative and reversal learning.
T6055 1204-1216 RB denotes Consequently
T6057 1216-1218 , denotes ,
T6058 1218-1220 PRP denotes we
T6059 1221-1224 VBP denotes are
T6056 1225-1234 VBN denotes compelled
T6060 1235-1237 TO denotes to
T6061 1238-1246 VB denotes conclude
T6062 1247-1251 IN denotes that
T6064 1252-1255 DT denotes the
T6066 1256-1269 JJ denotes perseverative
T6067 1270-1281 NN denotes performance
T6065 1282-1290 NNS denotes deficits
T6068 1291-1303 VBN denotes demonstrated
T6069 1304-1306 IN denotes by
T6070 1307-1310 DT denotes the
T6072 1311-1314 NN denotes D2R
T6073 1314-1315 SYM denotes -
T6074 1315-1316 HYPH denotes /
T6075 1316-1317 SYM denotes -
T6071 1318-1322 NNS denotes mice
T6076 1323-1325 IN denotes in
T6077 1326-1329 DT denotes the
T6078 1330-1335 NNS denotes tasks
T6079 1336-1340 VBN denotes used
T6080 1341-1343 IN denotes in
T6081 1344-1347 DT denotes the
T6083 1348-1355 JJ denotes present
T6082 1356-1361 NN denotes study
T6063 1362-1368 VBP denotes reveal
T6084 1369-1370 DT denotes a
T6086 1371-1381 RB denotes previously
T6087 1382-1392 JJ denotes unreported
T6085 1393-1397 NN denotes role
T6088 1398-1401 IN denotes for
T6089 1402-1406 NNS denotes D2Rs
T6090 1407-1409 IN denotes in
T6091 1410-1421 JJ denotes associative
T6093 1422-1425 CC denotes and
T6094 1426-1434 NN denotes reversal
T6092 1435-1443 NN denotes learning
T6095 1443-1444 . denotes .
R3775 T5854 T5855 det This,study
R3776 T5855 T5856 nsubj study,demonstrates
R3777 T5857 T5858 mark that,mediate
R3778 T5858 T5856 ccomp mediate,demonstrates
R3779 T5859 T5858 nsubj signaling,mediate
R3780 T5860 T5859 prep by,signaling
R3781 T5861 T5862 compound dopamine,D2Rs
R3782 T5862 T5860 pobj D2Rs,by
R3783 T5863 T5858 aux does,mediate
R3784 T5864 T5858 neg not,mediate
R3785 T5865 T5866 det the,value
R3786 T5866 T5858 dobj value,mediate
R3787 T5867 T5866 amod hedonic,value
R3788 T5868 T5866 prep of,value
R3789 T5869 T5868 pobj reinforcers,of
R3790 T5870 T5856 punct ", ",demonstrates
R3791 T5871 T5856 advcl supporting,demonstrates
R3792 T5872 T5871 cc and,supporting
R3793 T5873 T5871 conj refining,supporting
R3794 T5874 T5875 amod earlier,findings
R3795 T5875 T5873 dobj findings,refining
R3796 T5876 T5877 punct [,2
R3797 T5877 T5856 parataxis 2,demonstrates
R3798 T5878 T5877 nummod 1,2
R3799 T5879 T5877 punct ",",2
R3800 T5880 T5877 punct ],2
R3801 T5881 T5856 punct .,demonstrates
R3802 T5883 T5884 advmod However,demonstrated
R3803 T5885 T5884 punct ", ",demonstrated
R3804 T5886 T5884 nsubj mice,demonstrated
R3805 T5887 T5888 advmod completely,deficient
R3806 T5888 T5886 amod deficient,mice
R3807 T5889 T5888 prep in,deficient
R3808 T5890 T5889 pobj D2Rs,in
R3809 T5891 T5892 amod disrupted,acquisition
R3810 T5892 T5884 dobj acquisition,demonstrated
R3811 T5893 T5892 prep of,acquisition
R3812 T5894 T5895 amod discriminative,stimulus
R3813 T5895 T5896 compound stimulus,relationships
R3814 T5896 T5893 pobj relationships,of
R3815 T5897 T5892 cc and,acquisition
R3816 T5898 T5899 det an,ability
R3817 T5899 T5892 conj ability,acquisition
R3818 T5900 T5899 amod impaired,ability
R3819 T5901 T5902 aux to,recognize
R3820 T5902 T5899 acl recognize,ability
R3821 T5903 T5902 dobj changes,recognize
R3822 T5904 T5903 prep in,changes
R3823 T5905 T5906 amod behavioral,determinants
R3824 T5906 T5904 pobj determinants,in
R3825 T5907 T5884 punct .,demonstrated
R3826 T5909 T5910 advmod Therefore,suggest
R3827 T5911 T5910 punct ", ",suggest
R3828 T5912 T5910 nsubj we,suggest
R3829 T5913 T5914 mark that,involve
R3830 T5914 T5910 ccomp involve,suggest
R3831 T5915 T5914 prep during,involve
R3832 T5916 T5917 amod associative,learning
R3833 T5917 T5915 pobj learning,during
R3834 T5918 T5915 cc or,during
R3835 T5919 T5920 advmod when,modified
R3836 T5920 T5915 conj modified,during
R3837 T5921 T5922 amod unexpected,outcomes
R3838 T5922 T5920 nsubjpass outcomes,modified
R3839 T5923 T5922 compound reinforcement,outcomes
R3840 T5924 T5920 auxpass are,modified
R3841 T5925 T5926 punct (,learning
R3842 T5926 T5920 parataxis learning,modified
R3843 T5927 T5926 compound reversal,learning
R3844 T5928 T5926 punct ),learning
R3845 T5929 T5930 npadvmod dopamine,driven
R3846 T5930 T5932 amod driven,impulses
R3847 T5931 T5930 punct -,driven
R3848 T5932 T5914 nsubj impulses,involve
R3849 T5933 T5932 compound reinforcement,impulses
R3850 T5934 T5914 dobj signaling,involve
R3851 T5935 T5934 acl mediated,signaling
R3852 T5936 T5935 agent by,mediated
R3853 T5937 T5938 compound dopamine,D2Rs
R3854 T5938 T5936 pobj D2Rs,by
R3855 T5939 T5910 punct .,suggest
R3856 T5941 T5942 prep In,receive
R3857 T5943 T5944 det the,course
R3858 T5944 T5941 pobj course,In
R3859 T5945 T5944 prep of,course
R3860 T5946 T5947 amod associative,learning
R3861 T5947 T5945 pobj learning,of
R3862 T5948 T5942 punct ", ",receive
R3863 T5949 T5950 amod striatal,synapses
R3864 T5950 T5942 nsubj synapses,receive
R3865 T5951 T5952 punct [,38
R3866 T5952 T5950 parataxis 38,synapses
R3867 T5953 T5952 punct ],38
R3868 T5954 T5955 npadvmod experience,driven
R3869 T5955 T5957 amod driven,gain
R3870 T5956 T5955 punct -,driven
R3871 T5957 T5942 dobj gain,receive
R3872 T5958 T5959 punct [,7
R3873 T5959 T5942 parataxis 7,receive
R3874 T5960 T5959 punct ],7
R3875 T5961 T5942 punct ", ",receive
R3876 T5962 T5963 advmod thus,permitting
R3877 T5963 T5942 advcl permitting,receive
R3878 T5964 T5965 advmod newly,established
R3879 T5965 T5966 amod established,mediated
R3880 T5966 T5969 amod mediated,signals
R3881 T5967 T5966 npadvmod reinforcement,mediated
R3882 T5968 T5966 punct -,mediated
R3883 T5969 T5963 dobj signals,permitting
R3884 T5970 T5971 aux to,traverse
R3885 T5971 T5963 xcomp traverse,permitting
R3886 T5972 T5973 amod ascending,efferents
R3887 T5973 T5971 dobj efferents,traverse
R3888 T5974 T5975 advmod en,to
R3889 T5975 T5971 prep to,traverse
R3890 T5976 T5975 advmod route,to
R3891 T5977 T5978 det the,cortex
R3892 T5978 T5975 pobj cortex,to
R3893 T5979 T5978 amod frontal,cortex
R3894 T5980 T5971 punct ", ",traverse
R3895 T5981 T5971 advcl completing,traverse
R3896 T5982 T5983 det a,circuit
R3897 T5983 T5981 dobj circuit,completing
R3898 T5984 T5983 amod functional,circuit
R3899 T5985 T5986 amod limbic,motor
R3900 T5986 T5983 amod motor,circuit
R3901 T5987 T5986 punct /,motor
R3902 T5988 T5989 punct [,39
R3903 T5989 T5963 parataxis 39,permitting
R3904 T5990 T5991 punct -,41
R3905 T5991 T5989 prep 41,39
R3906 T5992 T5989 punct ],39
R3907 T5993 T5942 punct .,receive
R3908 T5995 T5996 advmod Possibly,prevents
R3909 T5997 T5996 punct ", ",prevents
R3910 T5998 T5999 det the,lack
R3911 T5999 T5996 nsubj lack,prevents
R3912 T6000 T5999 prep of,lack
R3913 T6001 T6002 compound dopamine,D2R
R3914 T6002 T6003 npadvmod D2R,mediated
R3915 T6003 T6005 amod mediated,signaling
R3916 T6004 T6003 punct -,mediated
R3917 T6005 T6000 pobj signaling,of
R3918 T6006 T5996 dobj refinement,prevents
R3919 T6007 T6006 prep of,refinement
R3920 T6008 T6009 det the,circuits
R3921 T6009 T6007 pobj circuits,of
R3922 T6010 T6009 amod corticostriatal,circuits
R3923 T6011 T6009 compound reinforcement,circuits
R3924 T6012 T6006 prep in,refinement
R3925 T6013 T6014 det the,brains
R3926 T6014 T6012 pobj brains,in
R3927 T6015 T6014 prep of,brains
R3928 T6016 T6017 det the,mice
R3929 T6017 T6015 pobj mice,of
R3930 T6018 T6017 nmod D2R,mice
R3931 T6019 T6018 punct -,D2R
R3932 T6020 T6018 punct /,D2R
R3933 T6021 T6018 punct -,D2R
R3934 T6022 T5996 punct ", ",prevents
R3935 T6023 T6024 advmod thus,impairing
R3936 T6024 T5996 advcl impairing,prevents
R3937 T6025 T6026 poss their,ability
R3938 T6026 T6024 dobj ability,impairing
R3939 T6027 T6028 aux to,form
R3940 T6028 T6026 acl form,ability
R3941 T6029 T6030 nmod S,contingencies
R3942 T6030 T6028 dobj contingencies,form
R3943 T6031 T6029 punct +,S
R3944 T6032 T6029 punct /,S
R3945 T6033 T6029 appos S,S
R3946 T6034 T6033 punct -,S
R3947 T6035 T6028 cc and,form
R3948 T6036 T6028 conj disengage,form
R3949 T6037 T6038 amod inappropriate,responding
R3950 T6038 T6036 dobj responding,disengage
R3951 T6039 T6040 compound dopamine,D1R
R3952 T6040 T6041 npadvmod D1R,mediated
R3953 T6041 T6038 amod mediated,responding
R3954 T6042 T6041 punct -,mediated
R3955 T6043 T6038 amod associative,responding
R3956 T6044 T6045 advmod when,happened
R3957 T6045 T6036 advcl happened,disengage
R3958 T6046 T6047 amod unexpected,consequences
R3959 T6047 T6045 nsubj consequences,happened
R3960 T6048 T6047 prep to,consequences
R3961 T6049 T6050 npadvmod goal,directed
R3962 T6050 T6052 amod directed,behaviors
R3963 T6051 T6050 punct -,directed
R3964 T6052 T6048 pobj behaviors,to
R3965 T6053 T5996 punct .,prevents
R3966 T6055 T6056 advmod Consequently,compelled
R3967 T6057 T6056 punct ", ",compelled
R3968 T6058 T6056 nsubjpass we,compelled
R3969 T6059 T6056 auxpass are,compelled
R3970 T6060 T6061 aux to,conclude
R3971 T6061 T6056 xcomp conclude,compelled
R3972 T6062 T6063 mark that,reveal
R3973 T6063 T6061 ccomp reveal,conclude
R3974 T6064 T6065 det the,deficits
R3975 T6065 T6063 nsubj deficits,reveal
R3976 T6066 T6065 amod perseverative,deficits
R3977 T6067 T6065 compound performance,deficits
R3978 T6068 T6065 acl demonstrated,deficits
R3979 T6069 T6068 agent by,demonstrated
R3980 T6070 T6071 det the,mice
R3981 T6071 T6069 pobj mice,by
R3982 T6072 T6071 nmod D2R,mice
R3983 T6073 T6072 punct -,D2R
R3984 T6074 T6072 punct /,D2R
R3985 T6075 T6072 punct -,D2R
R3986 T6076 T6068 prep in,demonstrated
R3987 T6077 T6078 det the,tasks
R3988 T6078 T6076 pobj tasks,in
R3989 T6079 T6078 acl used,tasks
R3990 T6080 T6079 prep in,used
R3991 T6081 T6082 det the,study
R3992 T6082 T6080 pobj study,in
R3993 T6083 T6082 amod present,study
R3994 T6084 T6085 det a,role
R3995 T6085 T6063 dobj role,reveal
R3996 T6086 T6087 advmod previously,unreported
R3997 T6087 T6085 amod unreported,role
R3998 T6088 T6085 prep for,role
R3999 T6089 T6088 pobj D2Rs,for
R4000 T6090 T6085 prep in,role
R4001 T6091 T6092 amod associative,learning
R4002 T6092 T6090 pobj learning,in
R4003 T6093 T6091 cc and,associative
R4004 T6094 T6091 conj reversal,associative
R4005 T6095 T6056 punct .,compelled