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PMC:1181811 / 1949-5623 JSONTXT 3 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE Lectin_function IAV-Glycan

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T726 11-18 NNS denotes Animals
T727 19-22 VBP denotes use
T728 23-26 DT denotes the
T730 27-36 JJ denotes gustatory
T729 37-43 NN denotes system
T731 44-46 TO denotes to
T732 47-54 VB denotes provide
T733 55-66 NN denotes information
T734 67-72 IN denotes about
T735 73-77 NN denotes food
T736 78-85 NN denotes quality
T737 85-86 . denotes .
T738 86-256 sentence denotes For example, sweet-tasting foods may have a high caloric content and are preferred, while bitter-tasting foods often contain toxic substances, and are generally avoided.
T739 87-90 IN denotes For
T741 91-98 NN denotes example
T742 98-100 , denotes ,
T743 100-105 JJ denotes sweet
T745 105-106 HYPH denotes -
T744 106-113 VBG denotes tasting
T746 114-119 NNS denotes foods
T747 120-123 MD denotes may
T740 124-128 VB denotes have
T748 129-130 DT denotes a
T750 131-135 JJ denotes high
T751 136-143 JJ denotes caloric
T749 144-151 NN denotes content
T752 152-155 CC denotes and
T753 156-159 VBP denotes are
T754 160-169 VBN denotes preferred
T755 169-171 , denotes ,
T756 171-176 IN denotes while
T758 177-183 JJ denotes bitter
T760 183-184 HYPH denotes -
T759 184-191 VBG denotes tasting
T761 192-197 NNS denotes foods
T762 198-203 RB denotes often
T757 204-211 VBP denotes contain
T763 212-217 JJ denotes toxic
T764 218-228 NNS denotes substances
T765 228-230 , denotes ,
T766 230-233 CC denotes and
T767 234-237 VBP denotes are
T769 238-247 RB denotes generally
T768 248-255 VBN denotes avoided
T770 255-256 . denotes .
T771 256-596 sentence denotes Two families of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in subpopulations of taste receptor cells (TRCs) of the gustatory epithelium have been implicated in the detection and transduction of sweet, bitter and umami (i.e., glutamate) taste: T1Rs for sweet-and umami-tasting stimuli [1-8], and T2Rs for bitter-tasting compounds [9-11].
T772 257-260 CD denotes Two
T773 261-269 NNS denotes families
T775 270-272 IN denotes of
T776 273-274 NN denotes G
T777 275-282 NN denotes protein
T779 282-283 HYPH denotes -
T778 283-290 VBN denotes coupled
T780 291-300 NNS denotes receptors
T781 301-302 -LRB- denotes (
T782 302-307 NNS denotes GPCRs
T783 307-308 -RRB- denotes )
T784 309-318 VBN denotes expressed
T785 319-321 IN denotes in
T786 322-336 NNS denotes subpopulations
T787 337-339 IN denotes of
T788 340-345 NN denotes taste
T790 346-354 NN denotes receptor
T789 355-360 NNS denotes cells
T791 361-362 -LRB- denotes (
T792 362-366 NNS denotes TRCs
T793 366-367 -RRB- denotes )
T794 368-370 IN denotes of
T795 371-374 DT denotes the
T797 375-384 JJ denotes gustatory
T796 385-395 NN denotes epithelium
T798 396-400 VBP denotes have
T799 401-405 VBN denotes been
T774 406-416 VBN denotes implicated
T800 417-419 IN denotes in
T801 420-423 DT denotes the
T802 424-433 NN denotes detection
T803 434-437 CC denotes and
T804 438-450 NN denotes transduction
T805 451-453 IN denotes of
T806 454-459 JJ denotes sweet
T808 459-461 , denotes ,
T809 461-467 JJ denotes bitter
T810 468-471 CC denotes and
T811 472-477 NN denotes umami
T812 478-479 -LRB- denotes (
T814 479-483 FW denotes i.e.
T815 483-485 , denotes ,
T813 485-494 NN denotes glutamate
T816 494-495 -RRB- denotes )
T807 496-501 NN denotes taste
T817 501-503 : denotes :
T818 503-507 NNS denotes T1Rs
T819 508-511 IN denotes for
T820 512-517 JJ denotes sweet
T822 517-518 HYPH denotes -
T823 518-521 CC denotes and
T824 522-527 JJ denotes umami
T826 527-528 HYPH denotes -
T825 528-535 VBG denotes tasting
T821 536-543 NNS denotes stimuli
T827 544-545 -LRB- denotes [
T828 545-546 CD denotes 1
T829 546-547 SYM denotes -
T830 547-548 CD denotes 8
T831 548-549 -RRB- denotes ]
T832 549-551 , denotes ,
T833 551-554 CC denotes and
T834 555-559 NNS denotes T2Rs
T835 560-563 IN denotes for
T836 564-570 JJ denotes bitter
T838 570-571 HYPH denotes -
T837 571-578 VBG denotes tasting
T839 579-588 NNS denotes compounds
T840 589-590 -LRB- denotes [
T841 590-591 CD denotes 9
T842 591-592 SYM denotes -
T843 592-594 CD denotes 11
T844 594-595 -RRB- denotes ]
T845 595-596 . denotes .
T846 596-795 sentence denotes The genes that encode T2Rs, the Tas2rs, were first identified by database mining of mammalian genomes near chromosomal markers previously linked to differences in bitter taste sensitivity [9,11-18].
T847 597-600 DT denotes The
T848 601-606 NNS denotes genes
T850 607-611 WDT denotes that
T851 612-618 VBP denotes encode
T852 619-623 NNS denotes T2Rs
T853 623-625 , denotes ,
T854 625-628 DT denotes the
T855 629-635 NNS denotes Tas2rs
T856 635-637 , denotes ,
T857 637-641 VBD denotes were
T858 642-647 RB denotes first
T849 648-658 VBN denotes identified
T859 659-661 IN denotes by
T860 662-670 NN denotes database
T861 671-677 NN denotes mining
T862 678-680 IN denotes of
T863 681-690 JJ denotes mammalian
T864 691-698 NNS denotes genomes
T865 699-703 IN denotes near
T866 704-715 JJ denotes chromosomal
T867 716-723 NNS denotes markers
T868 724-734 RB denotes previously
T869 735-741 VBN denotes linked
T870 742-744 IN denotes to
T871 745-756 NNS denotes differences
T872 757-759 IN denotes in
T873 760-766 JJ denotes bitter
T874 767-772 NN denotes taste
T875 773-784 NN denotes sensitivity
T876 785-786 -LRB- denotes [
T878 786-787 CD denotes 9
T879 787-788 , denotes ,
T877 788-790 CD denotes 11
T880 790-791 SYM denotes -
T881 791-793 CD denotes 18
T882 793-794 -RRB- denotes ]
T883 794-795 . denotes .
T884 795-879 sentence denotes In mice, the majority of Tas2rs lie within a single cluster on distal chromosome 6.
T885 796-798 IN denotes In
T887 799-803 NNS denotes mice
T888 803-805 , denotes ,
T889 805-808 DT denotes the
T890 809-817 NN denotes majority
T891 818-820 IN denotes of
T892 821-827 NNS denotes Tas2rs
T886 828-831 VBP denotes lie
T893 832-838 IN denotes within
T894 839-840 DT denotes a
T896 841-847 JJ denotes single
T895 848-855 NN denotes cluster
T897 856-858 IN denotes on
T898 859-865 JJ denotes distal
T899 866-876 NN denotes chromosome
T900 877-878 CD denotes 6
T901 878-879 . denotes .
T902 879-1234 sentence denotes Thirty-three human Tas2rs (including 8 pseudogenes) and thirty-six mouse Tas2rs (including 3 pseudogenes in C57BL/6J mice) have been identified [9,11,19], and several of these respond to particular bitter stimuli in heterologous expression assays [10,20-23], or represent a strong candidate gene for a specific bitter taste quantitative trait [18,24,25].
T903 880-886 CD denotes Thirty
T905 886-887 HYPH denotes -
T904 887-892 CD denotes three
T907 893-898 JJ denotes human
T906 899-905 NNS denotes Tas2rs
T909 906-907 -LRB- denotes (
T910 907-916 VBG denotes including
T911 917-918 CD denotes 8
T912 919-930 NNS denotes pseudogenes
T913 930-931 -RRB- denotes )
T914 932-935 CC denotes and
T915 936-942 CD denotes thirty
T917 942-943 HYPH denotes -
T916 943-946 CD denotes six
T919 947-952 NN denotes mouse
T918 953-959 NNS denotes Tas2rs
T920 960-961 -LRB- denotes (
T921 961-970 VBG denotes including
T922 971-972 CD denotes 3
T923 973-984 NNS denotes pseudogenes
T924 985-987 IN denotes in
T925 988-993 NN denotes C57BL
T927 993-994 HYPH denotes /
T926 994-996 NN denotes 6J
T928 997-1001 NNS denotes mice
T929 1001-1002 -RRB- denotes )
T930 1003-1007 VBP denotes have
T931 1008-1012 VBN denotes been
T908 1013-1023 VBN denotes identified
T932 1024-1025 -LRB- denotes [
T934 1025-1026 CD denotes 9
T935 1026-1027 , denotes ,
T936 1027-1029 CD denotes 11
T937 1029-1030 , denotes ,
T933 1030-1032 CD denotes 19
T938 1032-1033 -RRB- denotes ]
T939 1033-1035 , denotes ,
T940 1035-1038 CC denotes and
T941 1039-1046 JJ denotes several
T943 1047-1049 IN denotes of
T944 1050-1055 DT denotes these
T942 1056-1063 VBP denotes respond
T945 1064-1066 IN denotes to
T946 1067-1077 JJ denotes particular
T948 1078-1084 JJ denotes bitter
T947 1085-1092 NNS denotes stimuli
T949 1093-1095 IN denotes in
T950 1096-1108 JJ denotes heterologous
T952 1109-1119 NN denotes expression
T951 1120-1126 NNS denotes assays
T953 1127-1128 -LRB- denotes [
T955 1128-1130 CD denotes 10
T956 1130-1131 , denotes ,
T954 1131-1133 CD denotes 20
T957 1133-1134 SYM denotes -
T958 1134-1136 CD denotes 23
T959 1136-1137 -RRB- denotes ]
T960 1137-1139 , denotes ,
T961 1139-1141 CC denotes or
T962 1142-1151 VBP denotes represent
T963 1152-1153 DT denotes a
T965 1154-1160 JJ denotes strong
T966 1161-1170 NN denotes candidate
T964 1171-1175 NN denotes gene
T967 1176-1179 IN denotes for
T968 1180-1181 DT denotes a
T970 1182-1190 JJ denotes specific
T971 1191-1197 JJ denotes bitter
T972 1198-1203 NN denotes taste
T973 1204-1216 JJ denotes quantitative
T969 1217-1222 NN denotes trait
T974 1223-1224 -LRB- denotes [
T976 1224-1226 CD denotes 18
T977 1226-1227 , denotes ,
T978 1227-1229 CD denotes 24
T979 1229-1230 , denotes ,
T975 1230-1232 CD denotes 25
T980 1232-1233 -RRB- denotes ]
T981 1233-1234 . denotes .
T982 1234-1482 sentence denotes Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified that influence two-bottle intake of bitter stimuli in the mouse, including loci for quinine (Qui) [12,16,26], cyclohexamide (Cyx) [13] and sucrose octaacetate (Soa) [14,15,17] sensitivity.
T983 1235-1242 JJ denotes Several
T985 1243-1255 JJ denotes quantitative
T986 1256-1261 NN denotes trait
T984 1262-1266 NNS denotes loci
T988 1267-1268 -LRB- denotes (
T989 1268-1271 NN denotes QTL
T990 1271-1272 -RRB- denotes )
T991 1273-1277 VBP denotes have
T992 1278-1282 VBN denotes been
T987 1283-1293 VBN denotes identified
T993 1294-1298 WDT denotes that
T994 1299-1308 VBP denotes influence
T995 1309-1312 CD denotes two
T997 1312-1313 HYPH denotes -
T996 1313-1319 NN denotes bottle
T998 1320-1326 NN denotes intake
T999 1327-1329 IN denotes of
T1000 1330-1336 JJ denotes bitter
T1001 1337-1344 NNS denotes stimuli
T1002 1345-1347 IN denotes in
T1003 1348-1351 DT denotes the
T1004 1352-1357 NN denotes mouse
T1005 1357-1359 , denotes ,
T1006 1359-1368 VBG denotes including
T1007 1369-1373 NNS denotes loci
T1008 1374-1377 IN denotes for
T1009 1378-1385 NN denotes quinine
T1011 1386-1387 -LRB- denotes (
T1012 1387-1390 NN denotes Qui
T1013 1390-1391 -RRB- denotes )
T1014 1392-1393 -LRB- denotes [
T1016 1393-1395 CD denotes 12
T1017 1395-1396 , denotes ,
T1018 1396-1398 CD denotes 16
T1019 1398-1399 , denotes ,
T1015 1399-1401 CD denotes 26
T1020 1401-1402 -RRB- denotes ]
T1021 1402-1404 , denotes ,
T1022 1404-1417 NN denotes cyclohexamide
T1023 1418-1419 -LRB- denotes (
T1024 1419-1422 NN denotes Cyx
T1025 1422-1423 -RRB- denotes )
T1026 1424-1425 -LRB- denotes [
T1027 1425-1427 CD denotes 13
T1028 1427-1428 -RRB- denotes ]
T1029 1429-1432 CC denotes and
T1030 1433-1440 NN denotes sucrose
T1031 1441-1452 NN denotes octaacetate
T1032 1453-1454 -LRB- denotes (
T1033 1454-1457 NN denotes Soa
T1034 1457-1458 -RRB- denotes )
T1035 1459-1460 -LRB- denotes [
T1037 1460-1462 CD denotes 14
T1038 1462-1463 , denotes ,
T1039 1463-1465 CD denotes 15
T1040 1465-1466 , denotes ,
T1036 1466-1468 CD denotes 17
T1041 1468-1469 -RRB- denotes ]
T1010 1470-1481 NN denotes sensitivity
T1042 1481-1482 . denotes .
T1043 1482-1661 sentence denotes Each of these QTL map to mouse distal chromosome 6 and are linked to the marker D6Mit13, which lies within a cluster of 24 intact Tas2rs in the C57BL/6 genome (e.g., [16,27,28]).
T1044 1483-1487 DT denotes Each
T1046 1488-1490 IN denotes of
T1047 1491-1496 DT denotes these
T1048 1497-1500 NN denotes QTL
T1045 1501-1504 VBP denotes map
T1049 1505-1507 IN denotes to
T1050 1508-1513 NN denotes mouse
T1052 1514-1520 JJ denotes distal
T1051 1521-1531 NN denotes chromosome
T1053 1532-1533 CD denotes 6
T1054 1534-1537 CC denotes and
T1055 1538-1541 VBP denotes are
T1056 1542-1548 VBN denotes linked
T1057 1549-1551 IN denotes to
T1058 1552-1555 DT denotes the
T1060 1556-1562 NN denotes marker
T1059 1563-1570 NN denotes D6Mit13
T1061 1570-1572 , denotes ,
T1062 1572-1577 WDT denotes which
T1063 1578-1582 VBZ denotes lies
T1064 1583-1589 IN denotes within
T1065 1590-1591 DT denotes a
T1066 1592-1599 NN denotes cluster
T1067 1600-1602 IN denotes of
T1068 1603-1605 CD denotes 24
T1070 1606-1612 JJ denotes intact
T1069 1613-1619 NNS denotes Tas2rs
T1071 1620-1622 IN denotes in
T1072 1623-1626 DT denotes the
T1074 1627-1632 NN denotes C57BL
T1075 1632-1633 HYPH denotes /
T1076 1633-1634 CD denotes 6
T1073 1635-1641 NN denotes genome
T1077 1642-1643 -LRB- denotes (
T1079 1643-1647 FW denotes e.g.
T1080 1647-1649 , denotes ,
T1081 1649-1650 -LRB- denotes [
T1082 1650-1652 CD denotes 16
T1083 1652-1653 , denotes ,
T1084 1653-1655 CD denotes 27
T1085 1655-1656 , denotes ,
T1078 1656-1658 CD denotes 28
T1086 1658-1659 -RRB- denotes ]
T1087 1659-1660 -RRB- denotes )
T1088 1660-1661 . denotes .
T1089 1661-1743 sentence denotes However, the interpretation of these studies remains problematic for two reasons.
T1090 1662-1669 RB denotes However
T1092 1669-1671 , denotes ,
T1093 1671-1674 DT denotes the
T1094 1675-1689 NN denotes interpretation
T1095 1690-1692 IN denotes of
T1096 1693-1698 DT denotes these
T1097 1699-1706 NNS denotes studies
T1091 1707-1714 VBZ denotes remains
T1098 1715-1726 JJ denotes problematic
T1099 1727-1730 IN denotes for
T1100 1731-1734 CD denotes two
T1101 1735-1742 NNS denotes reasons
T1102 1742-1743 . denotes .
T1103 1743-1938 sentence denotes First, the density of chromosomal markers and number of recombinant inbred (RI) strains used in these earlier studies did not permit the physical definition of the intervals containing each QTL.
T1104 1744-1749 RB denotes First
T1106 1749-1751 , denotes ,
T1107 1751-1754 DT denotes the
T1108 1755-1762 NN denotes density
T1109 1763-1765 IN denotes of
T1110 1766-1777 JJ denotes chromosomal
T1111 1778-1785 NNS denotes markers
T1112 1786-1789 CC denotes and
T1113 1790-1796 NN denotes number
T1114 1797-1799 IN denotes of
T1115 1800-1811 JJ denotes recombinant
T1116 1812-1818 JJ denotes inbred
T1118 1819-1820 -LRB- denotes (
T1117 1820-1822 JJ denotes RI
T1120 1822-1823 -RRB- denotes )
T1119 1824-1831 NNS denotes strains
T1121 1832-1836 VBN denotes used
T1122 1837-1839 IN denotes in
T1123 1840-1845 DT denotes these
T1125 1846-1853 JJR denotes earlier
T1124 1854-1861 NNS denotes studies
T1126 1862-1865 VBD denotes did
T1127 1866-1869 RB denotes not
T1105 1870-1876 VB denotes permit
T1128 1877-1880 DT denotes the
T1130 1881-1889 JJ denotes physical
T1129 1890-1900 NN denotes definition
T1131 1901-1903 IN denotes of
T1132 1904-1907 DT denotes the
T1133 1908-1917 NNS denotes intervals
T1134 1918-1928 VBG denotes containing
T1135 1929-1933 DT denotes each
T1136 1934-1937 NN denotes QTL
T1137 1937-1938 . denotes .
T1138 1938-2137 sentence denotes Second, these previous attempts to map bitter taste QTLs relied on behavioral assays that measured consumption, and were thus susceptible to contributions of post-ingestive effects such as toxicity.
T1139 1939-1945 RB denotes Second
T1141 1945-1947 , denotes ,
T1142 1947-1952 DT denotes these
T1144 1953-1961 JJ denotes previous
T1143 1962-1970 NNS denotes attempts
T1145 1971-1973 TO denotes to
T1146 1974-1977 VB denotes map
T1147 1978-1984 JJ denotes bitter
T1148 1985-1990 NN denotes taste
T1149 1991-1995 NNS denotes QTLs
T1140 1996-2002 VBD denotes relied
T1150 2003-2005 IN denotes on
T1151 2006-2016 JJ denotes behavioral
T1152 2017-2023 NNS denotes assays
T1153 2024-2028 WDT denotes that
T1154 2029-2037 VBN denotes measured
T1155 2038-2049 NN denotes consumption
T1156 2049-2051 , denotes ,
T1157 2051-2054 CC denotes and
T1158 2055-2059 VBD denotes were
T1159 2060-2064 RB denotes thus
T1160 2065-2076 JJ denotes susceptible
T1161 2077-2079 IN denotes to
T1162 2080-2093 NNS denotes contributions
T1163 2094-2096 IN denotes of
T1164 2097-2111 JJ denotes post-ingestive
T1165 2112-2119 NNS denotes effects
T1166 2120-2124 JJ denotes such
T1167 2125-2127 IN denotes as
T1168 2128-2136 NN denotes toxicity
T1169 2136-2137 . denotes .
T1170 2137-2243 sentence denotes As we have shown previously, such effects can confound the quantification of bitter taste behaviors [29].
T1171 2138-2140 IN denotes As
T1173 2141-2143 PRP denotes we
T1174 2144-2148 VBP denotes have
T1172 2149-2154 VBN denotes shown
T1176 2155-2165 RB denotes previously
T1177 2165-2167 , denotes ,
T1178 2167-2171 JJ denotes such
T1179 2172-2179 NNS denotes effects
T1180 2180-2183 MD denotes can
T1175 2184-2192 VB denotes confound
T1181 2193-2196 DT denotes the
T1182 2197-2211 NN denotes quantification
T1183 2212-2214 IN denotes of
T1184 2215-2221 JJ denotes bitter
T1185 2222-2227 NN denotes taste
T1186 2228-2237 NNS denotes behaviors
T1187 2238-2239 -LRB- denotes [
T1188 2239-2241 CD denotes 29
T1189 2241-2242 -RRB- denotes ]
T1190 2242-2243 . denotes .
T1191 2243-2347 sentence denotes Therefore, the relevance and/or contribution of the aforementioned QTLs to bitter taste remain unclear.
T1192 2244-2253 RB denotes Therefore
T1194 2253-2255 , denotes ,
T1195 2255-2258 DT denotes the
T1196 2259-2268 NN denotes relevance
T1197 2269-2272 CC denotes and
T1198 2272-2273 HYPH denotes /
T1199 2273-2275 CC denotes or
T1200 2276-2288 NN denotes contribution
T1201 2289-2291 IN denotes of
T1202 2292-2295 DT denotes the
T1204 2296-2310 JJ denotes aforementioned
T1203 2311-2315 NNS denotes QTLs
T1205 2316-2318 IN denotes to
T1206 2319-2325 JJ denotes bitter
T1207 2326-2331 NN denotes taste
T1193 2332-2338 VBP denotes remain
T1208 2339-2346 JJ denotes unclear
T1209 2346-2347 . denotes .
T1210 2347-2581 sentence denotes Furthermore, a number of physiological studies have suggested that the transduction of some amphiphilic bitter compounds, such as quinine and denatonium benzoate, may stimulate taste receptor cells independently of GPCRs (e.g. [30]).
T1211 2348-2359 RB denotes Furthermore
T1213 2359-2361 , denotes ,
T1214 2361-2362 DT denotes a
T1215 2363-2369 NN denotes number
T1216 2370-2372 IN denotes of
T1217 2373-2386 JJ denotes physiological
T1218 2387-2394 NNS denotes studies
T1219 2395-2399 VBP denotes have
T1212 2400-2409 VBN denotes suggested
T1220 2410-2414 IN denotes that
T1222 2415-2418 DT denotes the
T1223 2419-2431 NN denotes transduction
T1224 2432-2434 IN denotes of
T1225 2435-2439 DT denotes some
T1227 2440-2451 JJ denotes amphiphilic
T1228 2452-2458 JJ denotes bitter
T1226 2459-2468 NNS denotes compounds
T1229 2468-2470 , denotes ,
T1230 2470-2474 JJ denotes such
T1231 2475-2477 IN denotes as
T1232 2478-2485 NN denotes quinine
T1233 2486-2489 CC denotes and
T1234 2490-2500 NN denotes denatonium
T1235 2501-2509 NN denotes benzoate
T1236 2509-2511 , denotes ,
T1237 2511-2514 MD denotes may
T1221 2515-2524 VB denotes stimulate
T1238 2525-2530 NN denotes taste
T1239 2531-2539 NN denotes receptor
T1240 2540-2545 NNS denotes cells
T1241 2546-2559 RB denotes independently
T1242 2560-2562 IN denotes of
T1243 2563-2568 NNS denotes GPCRs
T1244 2569-2570 -LRB- denotes (
T1246 2570-2574 FW denotes e.g.
T1247 2575-2576 -LRB- denotes [
T1245 2576-2578 CD denotes 30
T1248 2578-2579 -RRB- denotes ]
T1249 2579-2580 -RRB- denotes )
T1250 2580-2581 . denotes .
T1251 2581-2787 sentence denotes Quinine may directly activate G proteins, and both quinine and denatonium can block K+ channels [31-36] ; caffeine, another bitter-tasting substance, directly inhibits intracellular phosphodiesterase [33].
T1252 2582-2589 NN denotes Quinine
T1254 2590-2593 MD denotes may
T1255 2594-2602 RB denotes directly
T1253 2603-2611 VB denotes activate
T1257 2612-2613 NN denotes G
T1258 2614-2622 NN denotes proteins
T1259 2622-2624 , denotes ,
T1260 2624-2627 CC denotes and
T1261 2628-2632 CC denotes both
T1262 2633-2640 NN denotes quinine
T1264 2641-2644 CC denotes and
T1265 2645-2655 NN denotes denatonium
T1266 2656-2659 MD denotes can
T1263 2660-2665 VB denotes block
T1267 2666-2667 NN denotes K
T1269 2667-2668 SYM denotes +
T1268 2669-2677 NNS denotes channels
T1270 2678-2679 -LRB- denotes [
T1271 2679-2681 CD denotes 31
T1272 2681-2682 SYM denotes -
T1273 2682-2684 CD denotes 36
T1274 2684-2685 -RRB- denotes ]
T1275 2686-2687 : denotes ;
T1276 2688-2696 NN denotes caffeine
T1277 2696-2698 , denotes ,
T1278 2698-2705 DT denotes another
T1280 2706-2712 JJ denotes bitter
T1282 2712-2713 HYPH denotes -
T1281 2713-2720 VBG denotes tasting
T1279 2721-2730 NN denotes substance
T1283 2730-2732 , denotes ,
T1284 2732-2740 RB denotes directly
T1256 2741-2749 VBZ denotes inhibits
T1285 2750-2763 JJ denotes intracellular
T1286 2764-2781 NN denotes phosphodiesterase
T1287 2782-2783 -LRB- denotes [
T1288 2783-2785 CD denotes 33
T1289 2785-2786 -RRB- denotes ]
T1290 2786-2787 . denotes .
T1291 2787-2925 sentence denotes However, the relative contributions of T2R-dependent and T2R-independent mechanisms to the detection of these bitter stimuli are unknown.
T1292 2788-2795 RB denotes However
T1294 2795-2797 , denotes ,
T1295 2797-2800 DT denotes the
T1297 2801-2809 JJ denotes relative
T1296 2810-2823 NNS denotes contributions
T1298 2824-2826 IN denotes of
T1299 2827-2830 NN denotes T2R
T1301 2830-2831 HYPH denotes -
T1300 2831-2840 JJ denotes dependent
T1303 2841-2844 CC denotes and
T1304 2845-2848 NN denotes T2R
T1306 2848-2849 HYPH denotes -
T1305 2849-2860 JJ denotes independent
T1302 2861-2871 NNS denotes mechanisms
T1307 2872-2874 IN denotes to
T1308 2875-2878 DT denotes the
T1309 2879-2888 NN denotes detection
T1310 2889-2891 IN denotes of
T1311 2892-2897 DT denotes these
T1313 2898-2904 JJ denotes bitter
T1312 2905-2912 NNS denotes stimuli
T1293 2913-2916 VBP denotes are
T1314 2917-2924 JJ denotes unknown
T1315 2924-2925 . denotes .
T1316 2925-3173 sentence denotes Here we use a taste-salient brief-access lick test [29,37] to measure taste sensitivities in C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2) and BXD/Ty (BXD) recombinant inbred (RI) mice to two bitter stimuli, quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) and denatonium benzoate (DB).
T1317 2926-2930 RB denotes Here
T1319 2931-2933 PRP denotes we
T1318 2934-2937 VBP denotes use
T1320 2938-2939 DT denotes a
T1322 2940-2945 NN denotes taste
T1324 2945-2946 HYPH denotes -
T1323 2946-2953 JJ denotes salient
T1325 2954-2959 JJ denotes brief
T1327 2959-2960 HYPH denotes -
T1326 2960-2966 NN denotes access
T1328 2967-2971 NN denotes lick
T1321 2972-2976 NN denotes test
T1329 2977-2978 -LRB- denotes [
T1331 2978-2980 CD denotes 29
T1332 2980-2981 , denotes ,
T1330 2981-2983 CD denotes 37
T1333 2983-2984 -RRB- denotes ]
T1334 2985-2987 TO denotes to
T1335 2988-2995 VB denotes measure
T1336 2996-3001 NN denotes taste
T1337 3002-3015 NNS denotes sensitivities
T1338 3016-3018 IN denotes in
T1339 3019-3024 NN denotes C57BL
T1341 3024-3025 HYPH denotes /
T1340 3025-3027 NN denotes 6J
T1343 3028-3029 -LRB- denotes (
T1344 3029-3031 NN denotes B6
T1345 3031-3032 -RRB- denotes )
T1346 3032-3034 , denotes ,
T1347 3034-3037 NN denotes DBA
T1349 3037-3038 HYPH denotes /
T1348 3038-3040 NN denotes 2J
T1350 3041-3042 -LRB- denotes (
T1351 3042-3044 NN denotes D2
T1352 3044-3045 -RRB- denotes )
T1353 3046-3049 CC denotes and
T1354 3050-3053 NN denotes BXD
T1356 3053-3054 HYPH denotes /
T1355 3054-3056 NN denotes Ty
T1357 3057-3058 -LRB- denotes (
T1358 3058-3061 NN denotes BXD
T1359 3061-3062 -RRB- denotes )
T1360 3063-3074 JJ denotes recombinant
T1361 3075-3081 JJ denotes inbred
T1362 3082-3083 -LRB- denotes (
T1363 3083-3085 JJ denotes RI
T1364 3085-3086 -RRB- denotes )
T1342 3087-3091 NNS denotes mice
T1365 3092-3094 IN denotes to
T1366 3095-3098 CD denotes two
T1368 3099-3105 JJ denotes bitter
T1367 3106-3113 NNS denotes stimuli
T1369 3113-3115 , denotes ,
T1370 3115-3122 NN denotes quinine
T1371 3123-3136 NN denotes hydrochloride
T1372 3137-3138 -LRB- denotes (
T1373 3138-3142 NN denotes QHCl
T1374 3142-3143 -RRB- denotes )
T1375 3144-3147 CC denotes and
T1376 3148-3158 NN denotes denatonium
T1377 3159-3167 NN denotes benzoate
T1378 3168-3169 -LRB- denotes (
T1379 3169-3171 NN denotes DB
T1380 3171-3172 -RRB- denotes )
T1381 3172-3173 . denotes .
T1382 3173-3395 sentence denotes Using 17 BXD lines that were genotyped at 762 informative chromosomal markers, we mapped a major QTL for QHCl taste to a ~5 Mb interval on distal chromosome 6 that contains all 24 of the Tas2r genes in the distal cluster.
T1383 3174-3179 VBG denotes Using
T1385 3180-3182 CD denotes 17
T1387 3183-3186 NN denotes BXD
T1386 3187-3192 NNS denotes lines
T1388 3193-3197 WDT denotes that
T1390 3198-3202 VBD denotes were
T1389 3203-3212 VBN denotes genotyped
T1391 3213-3215 IN denotes at
T1392 3216-3219 CD denotes 762
T1394 3220-3231 JJ denotes informative
T1395 3232-3243 JJ denotes chromosomal
T1393 3244-3251 NNS denotes markers
T1396 3251-3253 , denotes ,
T1397 3253-3255 PRP denotes we
T1384 3256-3262 VBD denotes mapped
T1398 3263-3264 DT denotes a
T1400 3265-3270 JJ denotes major
T1399 3271-3274 NN denotes QTL
T1401 3275-3278 IN denotes for
T1402 3279-3283 NN denotes QHCl
T1403 3284-3289 NN denotes taste
T1404 3290-3292 IN denotes to
T1405 3293-3294 DT denotes a
T1407 3295-3296 SYM denotes ~
T1408 3296-3297 CD denotes 5
T1409 3298-3300 NN denotes Mb
T1406 3301-3309 NN denotes interval
T1410 3310-3312 IN denotes on
T1411 3313-3319 JJ denotes distal
T1412 3320-3330 NN denotes chromosome
T1413 3331-3332 CD denotes 6
T1414 3333-3337 WDT denotes that
T1415 3338-3346 VBZ denotes contains
T1416 3347-3350 DT denotes all
T1417 3351-3353 CD denotes 24
T1418 3354-3356 IN denotes of
T1419 3357-3360 DT denotes the
T1421 3361-3366 NN denotes Tas2r
T1420 3367-3372 NNS denotes genes
T1422 3373-3375 IN denotes in
T1423 3376-3379 DT denotes the
T1425 3380-3386 JJ denotes distal
T1424 3387-3394 NN denotes cluster
T1426 3394-3395 . denotes .
T1427 3395-3494 sentence denotes We analyzed the sequence of each Tas2r allele in the parental strains (B6 and D2) and 29 RI lines.
T1428 3396-3398 PRP denotes We
T1429 3399-3407 VBD denotes analyzed
T1430 3408-3411 DT denotes the
T1431 3412-3420 NN denotes sequence
T1432 3421-3423 IN denotes of
T1433 3424-3428 DT denotes each
T1435 3429-3434 NN denotes Tas2r
T1434 3435-3441 NN denotes allele
T1436 3442-3444 IN denotes in
T1437 3445-3448 DT denotes the
T1439 3449-3457 JJ denotes parental
T1438 3458-3465 NNS denotes strains
T1440 3466-3467 -LRB- denotes (
T1441 3467-3469 NN denotes B6
T1442 3470-3473 CC denotes and
T1443 3474-3476 NN denotes D2
T1444 3476-3477 -RRB- denotes )
T1445 3478-3481 CC denotes and
T1446 3482-3484 CD denotes 29
T1448 3485-3487 JJ denotes RI
T1447 3488-3493 NNS denotes lines
T1449 3493-3494 . denotes .
T1450 3494-3674 sentence denotes This analysis revealed that all 24 genes are polymorphic between the two strains, and that these 24 Tas2rs comprise a single haplotype that correlates with QHCl taste sensitivity.
T1451 3495-3499 DT denotes This
T1452 3500-3508 NN denotes analysis
T1453 3509-3517 VBD denotes revealed
T1454 3518-3522 IN denotes that
T1456 3523-3526 DT denotes all
T1458 3527-3529 CD denotes 24
T1457 3530-3535 NNS denotes genes
T1455 3536-3539 VBP denotes are
T1459 3540-3551 JJ denotes polymorphic
T1460 3552-3559 IN denotes between
T1461 3560-3563 DT denotes the
T1463 3564-3567 CD denotes two
T1462 3568-3575 NNS denotes strains
T1464 3575-3577 , denotes ,
T1465 3577-3580 CC denotes and
T1466 3581-3585 IN denotes that
T1468 3586-3591 DT denotes these
T1470 3592-3594 CD denotes 24
T1469 3595-3601 NNS denotes Tas2rs
T1467 3602-3610 VBP denotes comprise
T1471 3611-3612 DT denotes a
T1473 3613-3619 JJ denotes single
T1472 3620-3629 NN denotes haplotype
T1474 3630-3634 WDT denotes that
T1475 3635-3645 VBZ denotes correlates
T1476 3646-3650 IN denotes with
T1477 3651-3655 NN denotes QHCl
T1478 3656-3661 NN denotes taste
T1479 3662-3673 NN denotes sensitivity
T1480 3673-3674 . denotes .
R1000 T1402 T1403 compound QHCl,taste
R1001 T1403 T1401 pobj taste,for
R1002 T1404 T1384 prep to,mapped
R1003 T1405 T1406 det a,interval
R1004 T1406 T1404 pobj interval,to
R1005 T1407 T1408 punct ~,5
R1006 T1408 T1409 nummod 5,Mb
R1007 T1409 T1406 compound Mb,interval
R1008 T1410 T1406 prep on,interval
R1009 T1411 T1412 amod distal,chromosome
R1010 T1412 T1410 pobj chromosome,on
R1011 T1413 T1412 nummod 6,chromosome
R1012 T1414 T1415 dep that,contains
R1013 T1415 T1406 relcl contains,interval
R1014 T1416 T1417 det all,24
R1015 T1417 T1415 dobj 24,contains
R1016 T1418 T1417 prep of,24
R1017 T1419 T1420 det the,genes
R1018 T1420 T1418 pobj genes,of
R1019 T1421 T1420 compound Tas2r,genes
R1020 T1422 T1420 prep in,genes
R1021 T1423 T1424 det the,cluster
R1022 T1424 T1422 pobj cluster,in
R1023 T1425 T1424 amod distal,cluster
R1024 T1426 T1384 punct .,mapped
R1025 T1428 T1429 nsubj We,analyzed
R1026 T1430 T1431 det the,sequence
R1027 T1431 T1429 dobj sequence,analyzed
R1028 T1432 T1431 prep of,sequence
R1029 T1433 T1434 det each,allele
R1030 T1434 T1432 pobj allele,of
R1031 T1435 T1434 compound Tas2r,allele
R1032 T1436 T1429 prep in,analyzed
R1033 T1437 T1438 det the,strains
R1034 T1438 T1436 pobj strains,in
R1035 T1439 T1438 amod parental,strains
R1036 T1440 T1438 punct (,strains
R1037 T1441 T1438 appos B6,strains
R1038 T1442 T1441 cc and,B6
R1039 T1443 T1441 conj D2,B6
R1040 T1444 T1438 punct ),strains
R1041 T1445 T1438 cc and,strains
R1042 T1446 T1447 nummod 29,lines
R1043 T1447 T1438 conj lines,strains
R1044 T1448 T1447 amod RI,lines
R1045 T1449 T1429 punct .,analyzed
R1046 T1451 T1452 det This,analysis
R1047 T1452 T1453 nsubj analysis,revealed
R1048 T1454 T1455 mark that,are
R1049 T1455 T1453 advcl are,revealed
R1050 T1456 T1457 det all,genes
R1051 T1457 T1455 nsubj genes,are
R1052 T1458 T1457 nummod 24,genes
R1053 T1459 T1455 acomp polymorphic,are
R1054 T1460 T1459 prep between,polymorphic
R1055 T1461 T1462 det the,strains
R1056 T1462 T1460 pobj strains,between
R1057 T1463 T1462 nummod two,strains
R1058 T1464 T1455 punct ", ",are
R1059 T1465 T1455 cc and,are
R1060 T1466 T1467 mark that,comprise
R1061 T1467 T1455 conj comprise,are
R1062 T1468 T1469 det these,Tas2rs
R1063 T1469 T1467 nsubj Tas2rs,comprise
R1064 T1470 T1469 nummod 24,Tas2rs
R1065 T1471 T1472 det a,haplotype
R1066 T1472 T1467 dobj haplotype,comprise
R1067 T1473 T1472 amod single,haplotype
R1068 T1474 T1475 dep that,correlates
R1069 T1475 T1472 relcl correlates,haplotype
R1070 T1476 T1475 prep with,correlates
R1071 T1477 T1478 compound QHCl,taste
R1072 T1478 T1479 compound taste,sensitivity
R1073 T1479 T1476 pobj sensitivity,with
R1074 T1480 T1453 punct .,revealed
R359 T726 T727 nsubj Animals,use
R360 T728 T729 det the,system
R361 T729 T727 dobj system,use
R362 T730 T729 amod gustatory,system
R363 T731 T732 aux to,provide
R364 T732 T727 advcl provide,use
R365 T733 T732 dobj information,provide
R366 T734 T733 prep about,information
R367 T735 T736 compound food,quality
R368 T736 T734 pobj quality,about
R369 T737 T727 punct .,use
R370 T739 T740 prep For,have
R371 T741 T739 pobj example,For
R372 T742 T740 punct ", ",have
R373 T743 T744 amod sweet,tasting
R374 T744 T746 amod tasting,foods
R375 T745 T744 punct -,tasting
R376 T746 T740 nsubj foods,have
R377 T747 T740 aux may,have
R378 T748 T749 det a,content
R379 T749 T740 dobj content,have
R380 T750 T749 amod high,content
R381 T751 T749 amod caloric,content
R382 T752 T740 cc and,have
R383 T753 T754 auxpass are,preferred
R384 T754 T740 conj preferred,have
R385 T755 T740 punct ", ",have
R386 T756 T757 mark while,contain
R387 T757 T740 advcl contain,have
R388 T758 T759 amod bitter,tasting
R389 T759 T761 amod tasting,foods
R390 T760 T759 punct -,tasting
R391 T761 T757 nsubj foods,contain
R392 T762 T757 advmod often,contain
R393 T763 T764 amod toxic,substances
R394 T764 T757 dobj substances,contain
R395 T765 T757 punct ", ",contain
R396 T766 T757 cc and,contain
R397 T767 T768 auxpass are,avoided
R398 T768 T757 conj avoided,contain
R399 T769 T768 advmod generally,avoided
R400 T770 T740 punct .,have
R401 T772 T773 nummod Two,families
R402 T773 T774 nsubjpass families,implicated
R403 T775 T773 prep of,families
R404 T776 T777 compound G,protein
R405 T777 T778 npadvmod protein,coupled
R406 T778 T780 amod coupled,receptors
R407 T779 T778 punct -,coupled
R408 T780 T775 pobj receptors,of
R409 T781 T780 punct (,receptors
R410 T782 T780 appos GPCRs,receptors
R411 T783 T773 punct ),families
R412 T784 T773 acl expressed,families
R413 T785 T784 prep in,expressed
R414 T786 T785 pobj subpopulations,in
R415 T787 T786 prep of,subpopulations
R416 T788 T789 compound taste,cells
R417 T789 T787 pobj cells,of
R418 T790 T789 compound receptor,cells
R419 T791 T789 punct (,cells
R420 T792 T789 appos TRCs,cells
R421 T793 T789 punct ),cells
R422 T794 T789 prep of,cells
R423 T795 T796 det the,epithelium
R424 T796 T794 pobj epithelium,of
R425 T797 T796 amod gustatory,epithelium
R426 T798 T774 aux have,implicated
R427 T799 T774 auxpass been,implicated
R428 T800 T774 prep in,implicated
R429 T801 T802 det the,detection
R430 T802 T800 pobj detection,in
R431 T803 T802 cc and,detection
R432 T804 T802 conj transduction,detection
R433 T805 T802 prep of,detection
R434 T806 T807 amod sweet,taste
R435 T807 T805 pobj taste,of
R436 T808 T806 punct ", ",sweet
R437 T809 T806 conj bitter,sweet
R438 T810 T809 cc and,bitter
R439 T811 T809 conj umami,bitter
R440 T812 T813 punct (,glutamate
R441 T813 T811 parataxis glutamate,umami
R442 T814 T813 advmod i.e.,glutamate
R443 T815 T813 punct ", ",glutamate
R444 T816 T813 punct ),glutamate
R445 T817 T774 punct : ,implicated
R446 T818 T774 dobj T1Rs,implicated
R447 T819 T818 prep for,T1Rs
R448 T820 T821 amod sweet,stimuli
R449 T821 T819 pobj stimuli,for
R450 T822 T820 punct -,sweet
R451 T823 T820 cc and,sweet
R452 T824 T825 amod umami,tasting
R453 T825 T820 conj tasting,sweet
R454 T826 T825 punct -,tasting
R455 T827 T828 punct [,1
R456 T828 T818 parataxis 1,T1Rs
R457 T829 T830 punct -,8
R458 T830 T828 prep 8,1
R459 T831 T828 punct ],1
R460 T832 T818 punct ", ",T1Rs
R461 T833 T818 cc and,T1Rs
R462 T834 T818 conj T2Rs,T1Rs
R463 T835 T834 prep for,T2Rs
R464 T836 T837 amod bitter,tasting
R465 T837 T839 amod tasting,compounds
R466 T838 T837 punct -,tasting
R467 T839 T835 pobj compounds,for
R468 T840 T841 punct [,9
R469 T841 T834 parataxis 9,T2Rs
R470 T842 T843 punct -,11
R471 T843 T841 prep 11,9
R472 T844 T841 punct ],9
R473 T845 T774 punct .,implicated
R474 T847 T848 det The,genes
R475 T848 T849 nsubjpass genes,identified
R476 T850 T851 dep that,encode
R477 T851 T848 relcl encode,genes
R478 T852 T851 dobj T2Rs,encode
R479 T853 T848 punct ", ",genes
R480 T854 T855 det the,Tas2rs
R481 T855 T848 appos Tas2rs,genes
R482 T856 T849 punct ", ",identified
R483 T857 T849 auxpass were,identified
R484 T858 T849 advmod first,identified
R485 T859 T849 agent by,identified
R486 T860 T861 compound database,mining
R487 T861 T859 pobj mining,by
R488 T862 T861 prep of,mining
R489 T863 T864 amod mammalian,genomes
R490 T864 T862 pobj genomes,of
R491 T865 T864 prep near,genomes
R492 T866 T867 amod chromosomal,markers
R493 T867 T865 pobj markers,near
R494 T868 T869 advmod previously,linked
R495 T869 T867 acl linked,markers
R496 T870 T869 prep to,linked
R497 T871 T870 pobj differences,to
R498 T872 T871 prep in,differences
R499 T873 T874 amod bitter,taste
R500 T874 T875 compound taste,sensitivity
R501 T875 T872 pobj sensitivity,in
R502 T876 T877 punct [,11
R503 T877 T869 parataxis 11,linked
R504 T878 T877 dep 9,11
R505 T879 T877 punct ",",11
R506 T880 T881 punct -,18
R507 T881 T877 prep 18,11
R508 T882 T877 punct ],11
R509 T883 T849 punct .,identified
R510 T885 T886 prep In,lie
R511 T887 T885 pobj mice,In
R512 T888 T886 punct ", ",lie
R513 T889 T890 det the,majority
R514 T890 T886 nsubj majority,lie
R515 T891 T890 prep of,majority
R516 T892 T891 pobj Tas2rs,of
R517 T893 T886 prep within,lie
R518 T894 T895 det a,cluster
R519 T895 T893 pobj cluster,within
R520 T896 T895 amod single,cluster
R521 T897 T895 prep on,cluster
R522 T898 T899 amod distal,chromosome
R523 T899 T897 pobj chromosome,on
R524 T900 T899 nummod 6,chromosome
R525 T901 T886 punct .,lie
R526 T903 T904 compound Thirty,three
R527 T904 T906 nummod three,Tas2rs
R528 T905 T904 punct -,three
R529 T906 T908 nsubjpass Tas2rs,identified
R530 T907 T906 amod human,Tas2rs
R531 T909 T906 punct (,Tas2rs
R532 T910 T906 prep including,Tas2rs
R533 T911 T912 nummod 8,pseudogenes
R534 T912 T910 pobj pseudogenes,including
R535 T913 T906 punct ),Tas2rs
R536 T914 T906 cc and,Tas2rs
R537 T915 T916 compound thirty,six
R538 T916 T918 nummod six,Tas2rs
R539 T917 T916 punct -,six
R540 T918 T906 conj Tas2rs,Tas2rs
R541 T919 T918 compound mouse,Tas2rs
R542 T920 T918 punct (,Tas2rs
R543 T921 T918 prep including,Tas2rs
R544 T922 T923 nummod 3,pseudogenes
R545 T923 T921 pobj pseudogenes,including
R546 T924 T923 prep in,pseudogenes
R547 T925 T926 compound C57BL,6J
R548 T926 T928 compound 6J,mice
R549 T927 T926 punct /,6J
R550 T928 T924 pobj mice,in
R551 T929 T918 punct ),Tas2rs
R552 T930 T908 aux have,identified
R553 T931 T908 auxpass been,identified
R554 T932 T933 punct [,19
R555 T933 T908 parataxis 19,identified
R556 T934 T933 nummod 9,19
R557 T935 T933 punct ",",19
R558 T936 T933 nummod 11,19
R559 T937 T933 punct ",",19
R560 T938 T933 punct ],19
R561 T939 T908 punct ", ",identified
R562 T940 T908 cc and,identified
R563 T941 T942 nsubj several,respond
R564 T942 T908 conj respond,identified
R565 T943 T941 prep of,several
R566 T944 T943 pobj these,of
R567 T945 T942 prep to,respond
R568 T946 T947 amod particular,stimuli
R569 T947 T945 pobj stimuli,to
R570 T948 T947 amod bitter,stimuli
R571 T949 T942 prep in,respond
R572 T950 T951 amod heterologous,assays
R573 T951 T949 pobj assays,in
R574 T952 T951 compound expression,assays
R575 T953 T954 punct [,20
R576 T954 T942 parataxis 20,respond
R577 T955 T954 dep 10,20
R578 T956 T954 punct ",",20
R579 T957 T958 punct -,23
R580 T958 T954 prep 23,20
R581 T959 T954 punct ],20
R582 T960 T942 punct ", ",respond
R583 T961 T942 cc or,respond
R584 T962 T942 conj represent,respond
R585 T963 T964 det a,gene
R586 T964 T962 dobj gene,represent
R587 T965 T964 amod strong,gene
R588 T966 T964 compound candidate,gene
R589 T967 T964 prep for,gene
R590 T968 T969 det a,trait
R591 T969 T967 pobj trait,for
R592 T970 T969 amod specific,trait
R593 T971 T972 amod bitter,taste
R594 T972 T969 nmod taste,trait
R595 T973 T969 amod quantitative,trait
R596 T974 T975 punct [,25
R597 T975 T962 parataxis 25,represent
R598 T976 T975 nummod 18,25
R599 T977 T975 punct ",",25
R600 T978 T975 nummod 24,25
R601 T979 T975 punct ",",25
R602 T980 T975 punct ],25
R603 T981 T942 punct .,respond
R604 T983 T984 amod Several,loci
R605 T984 T987 nsubjpass loci,identified
R606 T985 T984 amod quantitative,loci
R607 T986 T984 compound trait,loci
R608 T988 T984 punct (,loci
R609 T989 T984 appos QTL,loci
R610 T990 T987 punct ),identified
R611 T991 T987 aux have,identified
R612 T992 T987 auxpass been,identified
R613 T993 T994 dep that,influence
R614 T994 T987 ccomp influence,identified
R615 T995 T996 nummod two,bottle
R616 T996 T998 compound bottle,intake
R617 T997 T996 punct -,bottle
R618 T998 T994 dobj intake,influence
R619 T999 T998 prep of,intake
R620 T1000 T1001 amod bitter,stimuli
R621 T1001 T999 pobj stimuli,of
R622 T1002 T998 prep in,intake
R623 T1003 T1004 det the,mouse
R624 T1004 T1002 pobj mouse,in
R625 T1005 T987 punct ", ",identified
R626 T1006 T987 prep including,identified
R627 T1007 T1006 pobj loci,including
R628 T1008 T1007 prep for,loci
R629 T1009 T1010 nmod quinine,sensitivity
R630 T1010 T1008 pobj sensitivity,for
R631 T1011 T1009 punct (,quinine
R632 T1012 T1009 appos Qui,quinine
R633 T1013 T1009 punct ),quinine
R634 T1014 T1015 punct [,26
R635 T1015 T1009 parataxis 26,quinine
R636 T1016 T1015 nummod 12,26
R637 T1017 T1015 punct ",",26
R638 T1018 T1015 nummod 16,26
R639 T1019 T1015 punct ",",26
R640 T1020 T1015 punct ],26
R641 T1021 T1009 punct ", ",quinine
R642 T1022 T1009 conj cyclohexamide,quinine
R643 T1023 T1022 punct (,cyclohexamide
R644 T1024 T1022 appos Cyx,cyclohexamide
R645 T1025 T1022 punct ),cyclohexamide
R646 T1026 T1027 punct [,13
R647 T1027 T1022 parataxis 13,cyclohexamide
R648 T1028 T1027 punct ],13
R649 T1029 T1022 cc and,cyclohexamide
R650 T1030 T1031 compound sucrose,octaacetate
R651 T1031 T1022 conj octaacetate,cyclohexamide
R652 T1032 T1031 punct (,octaacetate
R653 T1033 T1031 appos Soa,octaacetate
R654 T1034 T1031 punct ),octaacetate
R655 T1035 T1036 punct [,17
R656 T1036 T1031 parataxis 17,octaacetate
R657 T1037 T1036 nummod 14,17
R658 T1038 T1036 punct ",",17
R659 T1039 T1036 nummod 15,17
R660 T1040 T1036 punct ",",17
R661 T1041 T1036 punct ],17
R662 T1042 T987 punct .,identified
R663 T1044 T1045 nsubj Each,map
R664 T1046 T1044 prep of,Each
R665 T1047 T1048 det these,QTL
R666 T1048 T1046 pobj QTL,of
R667 T1049 T1045 prep to,map
R668 T1050 T1051 nmod mouse,chromosome
R669 T1051 T1049 pobj chromosome,to
R670 T1052 T1051 amod distal,chromosome
R671 T1053 T1051 nummod 6,chromosome
R672 T1054 T1045 cc and,map
R673 T1055 T1056 auxpass are,linked
R674 T1056 T1045 conj linked,map
R675 T1057 T1056 prep to,linked
R676 T1058 T1059 det the,D6Mit13
R677 T1059 T1057 pobj D6Mit13,to
R678 T1060 T1059 compound marker,D6Mit13
R679 T1061 T1059 punct ", ",D6Mit13
R680 T1062 T1063 dep which,lies
R681 T1063 T1059 relcl lies,D6Mit13
R682 T1064 T1063 prep within,lies
R683 T1065 T1066 det a,cluster
R684 T1066 T1064 pobj cluster,within
R685 T1067 T1066 prep of,cluster
R686 T1068 T1069 nummod 24,Tas2rs
R687 T1069 T1067 pobj Tas2rs,of
R688 T1070 T1069 amod intact,Tas2rs
R689 T1071 T1063 prep in,lies
R690 T1072 T1073 det the,genome
R691 T1073 T1071 pobj genome,in
R692 T1074 T1073 nmod C57BL,genome
R693 T1075 T1074 punct /,C57BL
R694 T1076 T1074 nummod 6,C57BL
R695 T1077 T1078 punct (,28
R696 T1078 T1063 parataxis 28,lies
R697 T1079 T1078 advmod e.g.,28
R698 T1080 T1078 punct ", ",28
R699 T1081 T1078 punct [,28
R700 T1082 T1078 nummod 16,28
R701 T1083 T1078 punct ",",28
R702 T1084 T1078 nummod 27,28
R703 T1085 T1078 punct ",",28
R704 T1086 T1078 punct ],28
R705 T1087 T1078 punct ),28
R706 T1088 T1045 punct .,map
R707 T1090 T1091 advmod However,remains
R708 T1092 T1091 punct ", ",remains
R709 T1093 T1094 det the,interpretation
R710 T1094 T1091 nsubj interpretation,remains
R711 T1095 T1094 prep of,interpretation
R712 T1096 T1097 det these,studies
R713 T1097 T1095 pobj studies,of
R714 T1098 T1091 acomp problematic,remains
R715 T1099 T1091 prep for,remains
R716 T1100 T1101 nummod two,reasons
R717 T1101 T1099 pobj reasons,for
R718 T1102 T1091 punct .,remains
R719 T1104 T1105 advmod First,permit
R720 T1106 T1105 punct ", ",permit
R721 T1107 T1108 det the,density
R722 T1108 T1105 nsubj density,permit
R723 T1109 T1108 prep of,density
R724 T1110 T1111 amod chromosomal,markers
R725 T1111 T1109 pobj markers,of
R726 T1112 T1108 cc and,density
R727 T1113 T1108 conj number,density
R728 T1114 T1113 prep of,number
R729 T1115 T1116 amod recombinant,inbred
R730 T1116 T1117 amod inbred,RI
R731 T1117 T1119 amod RI,strains
R732 T1118 T1117 punct (,RI
R733 T1119 T1114 pobj strains,of
R734 T1120 T1119 punct ),strains
R735 T1121 T1113 acl used,number
R736 T1122 T1121 prep in,used
R737 T1123 T1124 det these,studies
R738 T1124 T1122 pobj studies,in
R739 T1125 T1124 amod earlier,studies
R740 T1126 T1105 aux did,permit
R741 T1127 T1105 neg not,permit
R742 T1128 T1129 det the,definition
R743 T1129 T1105 dobj definition,permit
R744 T1130 T1129 amod physical,definition
R745 T1131 T1129 prep of,definition
R746 T1132 T1133 det the,intervals
R747 T1133 T1131 pobj intervals,of
R748 T1134 T1133 acl containing,intervals
R749 T1135 T1136 det each,QTL
R750 T1136 T1134 dobj QTL,containing
R751 T1137 T1105 punct .,permit
R752 T1139 T1140 advmod Second,relied
R753 T1141 T1140 punct ", ",relied
R754 T1142 T1143 det these,attempts
R755 T1143 T1140 nsubj attempts,relied
R756 T1144 T1143 amod previous,attempts
R757 T1145 T1146 aux to,map
R758 T1146 T1143 acl map,attempts
R759 T1147 T1148 amod bitter,taste
R760 T1148 T1149 compound taste,QTLs
R761 T1149 T1146 dobj QTLs,map
R762 T1150 T1140 prep on,relied
R763 T1151 T1152 amod behavioral,assays
R764 T1152 T1150 pobj assays,on
R765 T1153 T1154 dep that,measured
R766 T1154 T1152 relcl measured,assays
R767 T1155 T1154 dobj consumption,measured
R768 T1156 T1140 punct ", ",relied
R769 T1157 T1140 cc and,relied
R770 T1158 T1140 conj were,relied
R771 T1159 T1158 advmod thus,were
R772 T1160 T1158 acomp susceptible,were
R773 T1161 T1160 prep to,susceptible
R774 T1162 T1161 pobj contributions,to
R775 T1163 T1162 prep of,contributions
R776 T1164 T1165 amod post-ingestive,effects
R777 T1165 T1163 pobj effects,of
R778 T1166 T1167 amod such,as
R779 T1167 T1165 prep as,effects
R780 T1168 T1167 pobj toxicity,as
R781 T1169 T1140 punct .,relied
R782 T1171 T1172 mark As,shown
R783 T1172 T1175 advcl shown,confound
R784 T1173 T1172 nsubj we,shown
R785 T1174 T1172 aux have,shown
R786 T1176 T1172 advmod previously,shown
R787 T1177 T1175 punct ", ",confound
R788 T1178 T1179 amod such,effects
R789 T1179 T1175 nsubj effects,confound
R790 T1180 T1175 aux can,confound
R791 T1181 T1182 det the,quantification
R792 T1182 T1175 dobj quantification,confound
R793 T1183 T1182 prep of,quantification
R794 T1184 T1185 amod bitter,taste
R795 T1185 T1186 compound taste,behaviors
R796 T1186 T1183 pobj behaviors,of
R797 T1187 T1188 punct [,29
R798 T1188 T1175 parataxis 29,confound
R799 T1189 T1188 punct ],29
R800 T1190 T1175 punct .,confound
R801 T1192 T1193 advmod Therefore,remain
R802 T1194 T1193 punct ", ",remain
R803 T1195 T1196 det the,relevance
R804 T1196 T1193 nsubj relevance,remain
R805 T1197 T1196 cc and,relevance
R806 T1198 T1197 punct /,and
R807 T1199 T1197 cc or,and
R808 T1200 T1196 conj contribution,relevance
R809 T1201 T1196 prep of,relevance
R810 T1202 T1203 det the,QTLs
R811 T1203 T1201 pobj QTLs,of
R812 T1204 T1203 amod aforementioned,QTLs
R813 T1205 T1196 prep to,relevance
R814 T1206 T1207 amod bitter,taste
R815 T1207 T1205 pobj taste,to
R816 T1208 T1193 acomp unclear,remain
R817 T1209 T1193 punct .,remain
R818 T1211 T1212 advmod Furthermore,suggested
R819 T1213 T1212 punct ", ",suggested
R820 T1214 T1215 det a,number
R821 T1215 T1212 nsubj number,suggested
R822 T1216 T1215 prep of,number
R823 T1217 T1218 amod physiological,studies
R824 T1218 T1216 pobj studies,of
R825 T1219 T1212 aux have,suggested
R826 T1220 T1221 mark that,stimulate
R827 T1221 T1212 ccomp stimulate,suggested
R828 T1222 T1223 det the,transduction
R829 T1223 T1221 nsubj transduction,stimulate
R830 T1224 T1223 prep of,transduction
R831 T1225 T1226 det some,compounds
R832 T1226 T1224 pobj compounds,of
R833 T1227 T1226 amod amphiphilic,compounds
R834 T1228 T1226 amod bitter,compounds
R835 T1229 T1226 punct ", ",compounds
R836 T1230 T1231 amod such,as
R837 T1231 T1226 prep as,compounds
R838 T1232 T1231 pobj quinine,as
R839 T1233 T1232 cc and,quinine
R840 T1234 T1235 compound denatonium,benzoate
R841 T1235 T1232 conj benzoate,quinine
R842 T1236 T1221 punct ", ",stimulate
R843 T1237 T1221 aux may,stimulate
R844 T1238 T1239 compound taste,receptor
R845 T1239 T1240 compound receptor,cells
R846 T1240 T1221 dobj cells,stimulate
R847 T1241 T1221 advmod independently,stimulate
R848 T1242 T1241 prep of,independently
R849 T1243 T1242 pobj GPCRs,of
R850 T1244 T1245 punct (,30
R851 T1245 T1221 parataxis 30,stimulate
R852 T1246 T1245 advmod e.g.,30
R853 T1247 T1245 punct [,30
R854 T1248 T1245 punct ],30
R855 T1249 T1245 punct ),30
R856 T1250 T1212 punct .,suggested
R857 T1252 T1253 nsubj Quinine,activate
R858 T1253 T1256 ccomp activate,inhibits
R859 T1254 T1253 aux may,activate
R860 T1255 T1253 advmod directly,activate
R861 T1257 T1258 compound G,proteins
R862 T1258 T1253 dobj proteins,activate
R863 T1259 T1253 punct ", ",activate
R864 T1260 T1253 cc and,activate
R865 T1261 T1262 preconj both,quinine
R866 T1262 T1263 nsubj quinine,block
R867 T1263 T1253 conj block,activate
R868 T1264 T1262 cc and,quinine
R869 T1265 T1262 conj denatonium,quinine
R870 T1266 T1263 aux can,block
R871 T1267 T1268 nmod K,channels
R872 T1268 T1263 dobj channels,block
R873 T1269 T1267 punct +,K
R874 T1270 T1271 punct [,31
R875 T1271 T1263 parataxis 31,block
R876 T1272 T1273 punct -,36
R877 T1273 T1271 prep 36,31
R878 T1274 T1271 punct ],31
R879 T1275 T1256 punct ;,inhibits
R880 T1276 T1256 nsubj caffeine,inhibits
R881 T1277 T1276 punct ", ",caffeine
R882 T1278 T1279 det another,substance
R883 T1279 T1276 appos substance,caffeine
R884 T1280 T1281 amod bitter,tasting
R885 T1281 T1279 amod tasting,substance
R886 T1282 T1281 punct -,tasting
R887 T1283 T1256 punct ", ",inhibits
R888 T1284 T1256 advmod directly,inhibits
R889 T1285 T1286 amod intracellular,phosphodiesterase
R890 T1286 T1256 dobj phosphodiesterase,inhibits
R891 T1287 T1288 punct [,33
R892 T1288 T1256 parataxis 33,inhibits
R893 T1289 T1288 punct ],33
R894 T1290 T1256 punct .,inhibits
R895 T1292 T1293 advmod However,are
R896 T1294 T1293 punct ", ",are
R897 T1295 T1296 det the,contributions
R898 T1296 T1293 nsubj contributions,are
R899 T1297 T1296 amod relative,contributions
R900 T1298 T1296 prep of,contributions
R901 T1299 T1300 npadvmod T2R,dependent
R902 T1300 T1302 amod dependent,mechanisms
R903 T1301 T1300 punct -,dependent
R904 T1302 T1298 pobj mechanisms,of
R905 T1303 T1300 cc and,dependent
R906 T1304 T1305 npadvmod T2R,independent
R907 T1305 T1300 conj independent,dependent
R908 T1306 T1305 punct -,independent
R909 T1307 T1296 prep to,contributions
R910 T1308 T1309 det the,detection
R911 T1309 T1307 pobj detection,to
R912 T1310 T1309 prep of,detection
R913 T1311 T1312 det these,stimuli
R914 T1312 T1310 pobj stimuli,of
R915 T1313 T1312 amod bitter,stimuli
R916 T1314 T1293 acomp unknown,are
R917 T1315 T1293 punct .,are
R918 T1317 T1318 advmod Here,use
R919 T1319 T1318 nsubj we,use
R920 T1320 T1321 det a,test
R921 T1321 T1318 dobj test,use
R922 T1322 T1323 npadvmod taste,salient
R923 T1323 T1321 amod salient,test
R924 T1324 T1323 punct -,salient
R925 T1325 T1326 amod brief,access
R926 T1326 T1321 compound access,test
R927 T1327 T1326 punct -,access
R928 T1328 T1321 compound lick,test
R929 T1329 T1330 punct [,37
R930 T1330 T1321 parataxis 37,test
R931 T1331 T1330 nummod 29,37
R932 T1332 T1330 punct ",",37
R933 T1333 T1330 punct ],37
R934 T1334 T1335 aux to,measure
R935 T1335 T1318 advcl measure,use
R936 T1336 T1337 compound taste,sensitivities
R937 T1337 T1335 dobj sensitivities,measure
R938 T1338 T1337 prep in,sensitivities
R939 T1339 T1340 nmod C57BL,6J
R940 T1340 T1342 nmod 6J,mice
R941 T1341 T1340 punct /,6J
R942 T1342 T1338 pobj mice,in
R943 T1343 T1340 punct (,6J
R944 T1344 T1340 appos B6,6J
R945 T1345 T1340 punct ),6J
R946 T1346 T1340 punct ", ",6J
R947 T1347 T1348 compound DBA,2J
R948 T1348 T1340 conj 2J,6J
R949 T1349 T1348 punct /,2J
R950 T1350 T1348 punct (,2J
R951 T1351 T1348 appos D2,2J
R952 T1352 T1348 punct ),2J
R953 T1353 T1348 cc and,2J
R954 T1354 T1355 compound BXD,Ty
R955 T1355 T1348 conj Ty,2J
R956 T1356 T1355 punct /,Ty
R957 T1357 T1355 punct (,Ty
R958 T1358 T1355 appos BXD,Ty
R959 T1359 T1355 punct ),Ty
R960 T1360 T1361 amod recombinant,inbred
R961 T1361 T1342 amod inbred,mice
R962 T1362 T1363 punct (,RI
R963 T1363 T1361 parataxis RI,inbred
R964 T1364 T1363 punct ),RI
R965 T1365 T1337 prep to,sensitivities
R966 T1366 T1367 nummod two,stimuli
R967 T1367 T1365 pobj stimuli,to
R968 T1368 T1367 amod bitter,stimuli
R969 T1369 T1367 punct ", ",stimuli
R970 T1370 T1371 compound quinine,hydrochloride
R971 T1371 T1367 appos hydrochloride,stimuli
R972 T1372 T1371 punct (,hydrochloride
R973 T1373 T1371 appos QHCl,hydrochloride
R974 T1374 T1371 punct ),hydrochloride
R975 T1375 T1371 cc and,hydrochloride
R976 T1376 T1377 compound denatonium,benzoate
R977 T1377 T1371 conj benzoate,hydrochloride
R978 T1378 T1377 punct (,benzoate
R979 T1379 T1377 appos DB,benzoate
R980 T1380 T1318 punct ),use
R981 T1381 T1318 punct .,use
R982 T1383 T1384 advcl Using,mapped
R983 T1385 T1386 nummod 17,lines
R984 T1386 T1383 dobj lines,Using
R985 T1387 T1386 compound BXD,lines
R986 T1388 T1389 dep that,genotyped
R987 T1389 T1386 relcl genotyped,lines
R988 T1390 T1389 auxpass were,genotyped
R989 T1391 T1389 prep at,genotyped
R990 T1392 T1393 nummod 762,markers
R991 T1393 T1391 pobj markers,at
R992 T1394 T1393 amod informative,markers
R993 T1395 T1393 amod chromosomal,markers
R994 T1396 T1384 punct ", ",mapped
R995 T1397 T1384 nsubj we,mapped
R996 T1398 T1399 det a,QTL
R997 T1399 T1384 dobj QTL,mapped
R998 T1400 T1399 amod major,QTL
R999 T1401 T1399 prep for,QTL