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PMC:1064854 / 6228-43331 JSONTXT 7 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T5681 9-19 NN denotes Disruption
T5682 20-22 IN denotes of
T5683 23-26 DT denotes the
T5685 27-30 NN denotes PGC
T5687 30-31 HYPH denotes -
T5686 31-33 NN denotes 1α
T5684 34-38 NN denotes Gene
T5688 39-41 IN denotes in
T5689 42-46 NNS denotes Mice
T5690 46-150 sentence denotes A neomycin-based gene targeting vector was generated to delete exons 4 and 5 of the murine PGC-1α gene.
T5691 47-48 DT denotes A
T5693 49-57 NN denotes neomycin
T5695 57-58 HYPH denotes -
T5694 58-63 VBN denotes based
T5696 64-68 NN denotes gene
T5697 69-78 NN denotes targeting
T5692 79-85 NN denotes vector
T5699 86-89 VBD denotes was
T5698 90-99 VBN denotes generated
T5700 100-102 TO denotes to
T5701 103-109 VB denotes delete
T5702 110-115 NNS denotes exons
T5703 116-117 CD denotes 4
T5704 118-121 CC denotes and
T5705 122-123 CD denotes 5
T5706 124-126 IN denotes of
T5707 127-130 DT denotes the
T5709 131-137 JJ denotes murine
T5710 138-141 NN denotes PGC
T5712 141-142 HYPH denotes -
T5711 142-144 NN denotes 1α
T5708 145-149 NN denotes gene
T5713 149-150 . denotes .
T5714 150-274 sentence denotes The targeting event resulted in a 3′ homologous recombination with insertion of the remainder of the construct (Figure 1A).
T5715 151-154 DT denotes The
T5717 155-164 NN denotes targeting
T5716 165-170 NN denotes event
T5718 171-179 VBD denotes resulted
T5719 180-182 IN denotes in
T5720 183-184 DT denotes a
T5722 185-186 CD denotes 3
T5723 186-187 SYM denotes ′
T5724 188-198 JJ denotes homologous
T5721 199-212 NN denotes recombination
T5725 213-217 IN denotes with
T5726 218-227 NN denotes insertion
T5727 228-230 IN denotes of
T5728 231-234 DT denotes the
T5729 235-244 NN denotes remainder
T5730 245-247 IN denotes of
T5731 248-251 DT denotes the
T5732 252-261 NN denotes construct
T5733 262-263 -LRB- denotes (
T5735 263-269 NN denotes Figure
T5734 270-272 NN denotes 1A
T5736 272-273 -RRB- denotes )
T5737 273-274 . denotes .
T5738 274-363 sentence denotes The insertion/recombination event was confirmed by Southern blotting and DNA sequencing.
T5739 275-278 DT denotes The
T5741 279-288 NN denotes insertion
T5743 288-289 HYPH denotes /
T5742 289-302 NN denotes recombination
T5740 303-308 NN denotes event
T5745 309-312 VBD denotes was
T5744 313-322 VBN denotes confirmed
T5746 323-325 IN denotes by
T5747 326-334 NNP denotes Southern
T5748 335-343 NN denotes blotting
T5749 344-347 CC denotes and
T5750 348-351 NN denotes DNA
T5751 352-362 NN denotes sequencing
T5752 362-363 . denotes .
T5753 363-524 sentence denotes The insertion caused an exon 3 duplication between exons 5 and 6 that creates a coding region frameshift resulting in a premature termination at amino acid 255.
T5754 364-367 DT denotes The
T5755 368-377 NN denotes insertion
T5756 378-384 VBD denotes caused
T5757 385-387 DT denotes an
T5759 388-392 NN denotes exon
T5760 393-394 CD denotes 3
T5758 395-406 NN denotes duplication
T5761 407-414 IN denotes between
T5762 415-420 NNS denotes exons
T5763 421-422 CD denotes 5
T5764 423-426 CC denotes and
T5765 427-428 CD denotes 6
T5766 429-433 WDT denotes that
T5767 434-441 VBZ denotes creates
T5768 442-443 DT denotes a
T5770 444-450 VBG denotes coding
T5771 451-457 NN denotes region
T5769 458-468 NN denotes frameshift
T5772 469-478 VBG denotes resulting
T5773 479-481 IN denotes in
T5774 482-483 DT denotes a
T5776 484-493 JJ denotes premature
T5775 494-505 NN denotes termination
T5777 506-508 IN denotes at
T5778 509-514 NN denotes amino
T5779 515-519 NN denotes acid
T5780 520-523 CD denotes 255
T5781 523-524 . denotes .
T5782 524-645 sentence denotes Germline transmission of the mutant allele was confirmed using Southern blotting (Figure 1B) and PCR (unpublished data).
T5783 525-533 NN denotes Germline
T5784 534-546 NN denotes transmission
T5786 547-549 IN denotes of
T5787 550-553 DT denotes the
T5789 554-560 NN denotes mutant
T5788 561-567 NN denotes allele
T5790 568-571 VBD denotes was
T5785 572-581 VBN denotes confirmed
T5791 582-587 VBG denotes using
T5792 588-596 NNP denotes Southern
T5793 597-605 NN denotes blotting
T5794 606-607 -LRB- denotes (
T5796 607-613 NN denotes Figure
T5795 614-616 NN denotes 1B
T5797 616-617 -RRB- denotes )
T5798 618-621 CC denotes and
T5799 622-625 NN denotes PCR
T5800 626-627 -LRB- denotes (
T5802 627-638 JJ denotes unpublished
T5801 639-643 NNS denotes data
T5803 643-644 -RRB- denotes )
T5804 644-645 . denotes .
T5805 645-834 sentence denotes The PGC-1α gene disruption resulted in an unstable transcript that could not be detected by RNA blot analysis in heart and other tissues in PGC-1α−/− mice (Figure 1C and unpublished data).
T5806 646-649 DT denotes The
T5808 650-653 NN denotes PGC
T5810 653-654 HYPH denotes -
T5809 654-656 NN denotes 1α
T5811 657-661 NN denotes gene
T5807 662-672 NN denotes disruption
T5812 673-681 VBD denotes resulted
T5813 682-684 IN denotes in
T5814 685-687 DT denotes an
T5816 688-696 JJ denotes unstable
T5815 697-707 NN denotes transcript
T5817 708-712 WDT denotes that
T5819 713-718 MD denotes could
T5820 719-722 RB denotes not
T5821 723-725 VB denotes be
T5818 726-734 VBN denotes detected
T5822 735-737 IN denotes by
T5823 738-741 NN denotes RNA
T5825 742-746 NN denotes blot
T5824 747-755 NN denotes analysis
T5826 756-758 IN denotes in
T5827 759-764 NN denotes heart
T5828 765-768 CC denotes and
T5829 769-774 JJ denotes other
T5830 775-782 NNS denotes tissues
T5831 783-785 IN denotes in
T5832 786-789 NN denotes PGC
T5834 789-790 HYPH denotes -
T5833 790-792 NN denotes 1α
T5836 792-793 SYM denotes −
T5837 793-794 HYPH denotes /
T5838 794-795 SYM denotes −
T5835 796-800 NNS denotes mice
T5839 801-802 -LRB- denotes (
T5841 802-808 NN denotes Figure
T5840 809-811 NN denotes 1C
T5842 812-815 CC denotes and
T5843 816-827 JJ denotes unpublished
T5844 828-832 NNS denotes data
T5845 832-833 -RRB- denotes )
T5846 833-834 . denotes .
T5847 834-923 sentence denotes Quantitative RT-PCR was utilized to further evaluate the efficacy of the gene targeting.
T5848 835-847 JJ denotes Quantitative
T5850 848-850 NN denotes RT
T5851 850-851 HYPH denotes -
T5849 851-854 NN denotes PCR
T5853 855-858 VBD denotes was
T5852 859-867 VBN denotes utilized
T5854 868-870 TO denotes to
T5856 871-878 RB denotes further
T5855 879-887 VB denotes evaluate
T5857 888-891 DT denotes the
T5858 892-900 NN denotes efficacy
T5859 901-903 IN denotes of
T5860 904-907 DT denotes the
T5862 908-912 NN denotes gene
T5861 913-922 NN denotes targeting
T5863 922-923 . denotes .
T5864 923-1169 sentence denotes For these studies, PCR primers were designed to amplify a region of the PGC-1α gene transcript containing the exon 5–6 border (predicted to be absent in PGC-1α−/− mice) or the exon 5–3 border (predicted to be present only in the PGC-1α−/− mice).
T5865 924-927 IN denotes For
T5867 928-933 DT denotes these
T5868 934-941 NNS denotes studies
T5869 941-943 , denotes ,
T5870 943-946 NN denotes PCR
T5871 947-954 NNS denotes primers
T5872 955-959 VBD denotes were
T5866 960-968 VBN denotes designed
T5873 969-971 TO denotes to
T5874 972-979 VB denotes amplify
T5875 980-981 DT denotes a
T5876 982-988 NN denotes region
T5877 989-991 IN denotes of
T5878 992-995 DT denotes the
T5880 996-999 NN denotes PGC
T5882 999-1000 HYPH denotes -
T5881 1000-1002 NN denotes 1α
T5883 1003-1007 NN denotes gene
T5879 1008-1018 NN denotes transcript
T5884 1019-1029 VBG denotes containing
T5885 1030-1033 DT denotes the
T5887 1034-1038 NN denotes exon
T5888 1039-1040 CD denotes 5
T5889 1040-1041 SYM denotes –
T5890 1041-1042 CD denotes 6
T5886 1043-1049 NN denotes border
T5891 1050-1051 -LRB- denotes (
T5892 1051-1060 VBN denotes predicted
T5893 1061-1063 TO denotes to
T5894 1064-1066 VB denotes be
T5895 1067-1073 JJ denotes absent
T5896 1074-1076 IN denotes in
T5897 1077-1080 NN denotes PGC
T5899 1080-1081 HYPH denotes -
T5898 1081-1083 NN denotes 1α
T5901 1083-1084 SYM denotes −
T5902 1084-1085 HYPH denotes /
T5903 1085-1086 SYM denotes −
T5900 1087-1091 NNS denotes mice
T5904 1091-1092 -RRB- denotes )
T5905 1093-1095 CC denotes or
T5906 1096-1099 DT denotes the
T5908 1100-1104 NN denotes exon
T5909 1105-1106 CD denotes 5
T5910 1106-1107 SYM denotes –
T5911 1107-1108 CD denotes 3
T5907 1109-1115 NN denotes border
T5912 1116-1117 -LRB- denotes (
T5913 1117-1126 VBN denotes predicted
T5914 1127-1129 TO denotes to
T5915 1130-1132 VB denotes be
T5916 1133-1140 JJ denotes present
T5917 1141-1145 RB denotes only
T5918 1146-1148 IN denotes in
T5919 1149-1152 DT denotes the
T5921 1153-1156 NN denotes PGC
T5923 1156-1157 HYPH denotes -
T5922 1157-1159 NN denotes 1α
T5924 1159-1160 SYM denotes −
T5925 1160-1161 HYPH denotes /
T5926 1161-1162 SYM denotes −
T5920 1163-1167 NNS denotes mice
T5927 1167-1168 -RRB- denotes )
T5928 1168-1169 . denotes .
T5929 1169-1275 sentence denotes The exon 5–6 amplicon was detected in heart and BAT of wild-type (WT) but not PGC-1α−/− mice (Figure 1D).
T5930 1170-1173 DT denotes The
T5932 1174-1178 NN denotes exon
T5933 1179-1180 CD denotes 5
T5934 1180-1181 SYM denotes –
T5935 1181-1182 CD denotes 6
T5931 1183-1191 NN denotes amplicon
T5937 1192-1195 VBD denotes was
T5936 1196-1204 VBN denotes detected
T5938 1205-1207 IN denotes in
T5939 1208-1213 NN denotes heart
T5940 1214-1217 CC denotes and
T5941 1218-1221 NN denotes BAT
T5942 1222-1224 IN denotes of
T5943 1225-1229 JJ denotes wild
T5945 1229-1230 HYPH denotes -
T5944 1230-1234 NN denotes type
T5947 1235-1236 -LRB- denotes (
T5948 1236-1238 NN denotes WT
T5949 1238-1239 -RRB- denotes )
T5950 1240-1243 CC denotes but
T5951 1244-1247 RB denotes not
T5952 1248-1251 NN denotes PGC
T5954 1251-1252 HYPH denotes -
T5953 1252-1254 NN denotes 1α
T5955 1254-1255 SYM denotes −
T5956 1255-1256 HYPH denotes /
T5957 1256-1257 SYM denotes −
T5946 1258-1262 NNS denotes mice
T5958 1263-1264 -LRB- denotes (
T5960 1264-1270 NN denotes Figure
T5959 1271-1273 NN denotes 1D
T5961 1273-1274 -RRB- denotes )
T5962 1274-1275 . denotes .
T5963 1275-1356 sentence denotes Conversely, the exon 5–3 product was present only in PGC-1α−/− mice (Figure 1D).
T5964 1276-1286 RB denotes Conversely
T5966 1286-1288 , denotes ,
T5967 1288-1291 DT denotes the
T5969 1292-1296 NN denotes exon
T5970 1297-1298 CD denotes 5
T5971 1298-1299 SYM denotes –
T5972 1299-1300 CD denotes 3
T5968 1301-1308 NN denotes product
T5965 1309-1312 VBD denotes was
T5973 1313-1320 JJ denotes present
T5974 1321-1325 RB denotes only
T5975 1326-1328 IN denotes in
T5976 1329-1332 NN denotes PGC
T5978 1332-1333 HYPH denotes -
T5977 1333-1335 NN denotes 1α
T5980 1335-1336 SYM denotes −
T5981 1336-1337 HYPH denotes /
T5982 1337-1338 SYM denotes −
T5979 1339-1343 NNS denotes mice
T5983 1344-1345 -LRB- denotes (
T5985 1345-1351 NN denotes Figure
T5984 1352-1354 NN denotes 1D
T5986 1354-1355 -RRB- denotes )
T5987 1355-1356 . denotes .
T5988 1356-1570 sentence denotes An exon 10–11 border amplicon (predicted to be present in both genotypes) was detected in WT and PGC-1α−/− mice, but was greatly diminished in the PGC-1α−/− mice, indicating that the mutant transcript is unstable.
T5989 1357-1359 DT denotes An
T5991 1360-1364 NN denotes exon
T5992 1365-1367 CD denotes 10
T5993 1367-1368 SYM denotes –
T5994 1368-1370 CD denotes 11
T5995 1371-1377 NN denotes border
T5990 1378-1386 NN denotes amplicon
T5997 1387-1388 -LRB- denotes (
T5998 1388-1397 VBN denotes predicted
T5999 1398-1400 TO denotes to
T6000 1401-1403 VB denotes be
T6001 1404-1411 JJ denotes present
T6002 1412-1414 IN denotes in
T6003 1415-1419 DT denotes both
T6004 1420-1429 NNS denotes genotypes
T6005 1429-1430 -RRB- denotes )
T6006 1431-1434 VBD denotes was
T5996 1435-1443 VBN denotes detected
T6007 1444-1446 IN denotes in
T6008 1447-1449 NN denotes WT
T6010 1450-1453 CC denotes and
T6011 1454-1457 NN denotes PGC
T6013 1457-1458 HYPH denotes -
T6012 1458-1460 NN denotes 1α
T6014 1460-1461 SYM denotes −
T6015 1461-1462 HYPH denotes /
T6016 1462-1463 SYM denotes −
T6009 1464-1468 NNS denotes mice
T6017 1468-1470 , denotes ,
T6018 1470-1473 CC denotes but
T6019 1474-1477 VBD denotes was
T6021 1478-1485 RB denotes greatly
T6020 1486-1496 VBN denotes diminished
T6022 1497-1499 IN denotes in
T6023 1500-1503 DT denotes the
T6025 1504-1507 NN denotes PGC
T6027 1507-1508 HYPH denotes -
T6026 1508-1510 NN denotes 1α
T6028 1510-1511 SYM denotes −
T6029 1511-1512 HYPH denotes /
T6030 1512-1513 SYM denotes −
T6024 1514-1518 NNS denotes mice
T6031 1518-1520 , denotes ,
T6032 1520-1530 VBG denotes indicating
T6033 1531-1535 IN denotes that
T6035 1536-1539 DT denotes the
T6037 1540-1546 NN denotes mutant
T6036 1547-1557 NN denotes transcript
T6034 1558-1560 VBZ denotes is
T6038 1561-1569 JJ denotes unstable
T6039 1569-1570 . denotes .
T6040 1570-1837 sentence denotes PGC-1α protein was not detected in whole cell (Figure 1E) or nuclear protein extracts (unpublished data) isolated from BAT of PGC-1α−/− mice under basal conditions or in response to cold exposure, a condition known to markedly induce the expression of PGC-1α in BAT.
T6041 1571-1574 NN denotes PGC
T6043 1574-1575 HYPH denotes -
T6042 1575-1577 NN denotes 1α
T6044 1578-1585 NN denotes protein
T6046 1586-1589 VBD denotes was
T6047 1590-1593 RB denotes not
T6045 1594-1602 VBN denotes detected
T6048 1603-1605 IN denotes in
T6049 1606-1611 JJ denotes whole
T6050 1612-1616 NN denotes cell
T6052 1617-1618 -LRB- denotes (
T6054 1618-1624 NN denotes Figure
T6053 1625-1627 NN denotes 1E
T6055 1627-1628 -RRB- denotes )
T6056 1629-1631 CC denotes or
T6057 1632-1639 JJ denotes nuclear
T6058 1640-1647 NN denotes protein
T6051 1648-1656 NNS denotes extracts
T6059 1657-1658 -LRB- denotes (
T6061 1658-1669 JJ denotes unpublished
T6060 1670-1674 NNS denotes data
T6062 1674-1675 -RRB- denotes )
T6063 1676-1684 VBN denotes isolated
T6064 1685-1689 IN denotes from
T6065 1690-1693 NN denotes BAT
T6066 1694-1696 IN denotes of
T6067 1697-1700 NN denotes PGC
T6069 1700-1701 HYPH denotes -
T6068 1701-1703 NN denotes 1α
T6071 1703-1704 SYM denotes −
T6072 1704-1705 HYPH denotes /
T6073 1705-1706 SYM denotes −
T6070 1707-1711 NNS denotes mice
T6074 1712-1717 IN denotes under
T6075 1718-1723 JJ denotes basal
T6076 1724-1734 NNS denotes conditions
T6077 1735-1737 CC denotes or
T6078 1738-1740 IN denotes in
T6079 1741-1749 NN denotes response
T6080 1750-1752 IN denotes to
T6081 1753-1757 NN denotes cold
T6082 1758-1766 NN denotes exposure
T6083 1766-1768 , denotes ,
T6084 1768-1769 DT denotes a
T6085 1770-1779 NN denotes condition
T6086 1780-1785 VBN denotes known
T6087 1786-1788 TO denotes to
T6089 1789-1797 RB denotes markedly
T6088 1798-1804 VB denotes induce
T6090 1805-1808 DT denotes the
T6091 1809-1819 NN denotes expression
T6092 1820-1822 IN denotes of
T6093 1823-1826 NN denotes PGC
T6095 1826-1827 HYPH denotes -
T6094 1827-1829 NN denotes 1α
T6096 1830-1832 IN denotes in
T6097 1833-1836 NN denotes BAT
T6098 1836-1837 . denotes .
T6099 1837-1936 sentence denotes Smaller mutant PGC-1α proteins were also not detected by Western blot analysis (unpublished data).
T6100 1838-1845 JJR denotes Smaller
T6102 1846-1852 NN denotes mutant
T6103 1853-1856 NN denotes PGC
T6105 1856-1857 HYPH denotes -
T6104 1857-1859 NN denotes 1α
T6101 1860-1868 NN denotes proteins
T6107 1869-1873 VBD denotes were
T6108 1874-1878 RB denotes also
T6109 1879-1882 RB denotes not
T6106 1883-1891 VBN denotes detected
T6110 1892-1894 IN denotes by
T6111 1895-1902 NNP denotes Western
T6112 1903-1907 NN denotes blot
T6113 1908-1916 NN denotes analysis
T6114 1917-1918 -LRB- denotes (
T6116 1918-1929 JJ denotes unpublished
T6115 1930-1934 NNS denotes data
T6117 1934-1935 -RRB- denotes )
T6118 1935-1936 . denotes .
T6119 1936-2101 sentence denotes Lastly, expression of the genes encoding the other known PGC-1 family members, PGC-1β and PRC, was not significantly altered in heart of PGC-1α−/− mice (Figure 1C).
T6120 1937-1943 RB denotes Lastly
T6122 1943-1945 , denotes ,
T6123 1945-1955 NN denotes expression
T6124 1956-1958 IN denotes of
T6125 1959-1962 DT denotes the
T6126 1963-1968 NNS denotes genes
T6127 1969-1977 VBG denotes encoding
T6128 1978-1981 DT denotes the
T6130 1982-1987 JJ denotes other
T6131 1988-1993 JJ denotes known
T6132 1994-1997 NN denotes PGC
T6133 1997-1998 HYPH denotes -
T6134 1998-1999 CD denotes 1
T6135 2000-2006 NN denotes family
T6129 2007-2014 NNS denotes members
T6136 2014-2016 , denotes ,
T6137 2016-2019 NN denotes PGC
T6139 2019-2020 HYPH denotes -
T6138 2020-2022 NN denotes 1β
T6140 2023-2026 CC denotes and
T6141 2027-2030 NN denotes PRC
T6142 2030-2032 , denotes ,
T6143 2032-2035 VBD denotes was
T6144 2036-2039 RB denotes not
T6145 2040-2053 RB denotes significantly
T6121 2054-2061 VBN denotes altered
T6146 2062-2064 IN denotes in
T6147 2065-2070 NN denotes heart
T6148 2071-2073 IN denotes of
T6149 2074-2077 NN denotes PGC
T6151 2077-2078 HYPH denotes -
T6150 2078-2080 NN denotes 1α
T6153 2080-2081 SYM denotes −
T6154 2081-2082 HYPH denotes /
T6155 2082-2083 SYM denotes −
T6152 2084-2088 NNS denotes mice
T6156 2089-2090 -LRB- denotes (
T6158 2090-2096 NN denotes Figure
T6157 2097-2099 NN denotes 1C
T6159 2099-2100 -RRB- denotes )
T6160 2100-2101 . denotes .
T6161 2101-2218 sentence denotes Taken together, these results support the conclusion that the gene targeting event resulted in a PGC-1α null allele.
T6162 2102-2107 VBN denotes Taken
T6164 2108-2116 RB denotes together
T6165 2116-2118 , denotes ,
T6166 2118-2123 DT denotes these
T6167 2124-2131 NNS denotes results
T6163 2132-2139 VBP denotes support
T6168 2140-2143 DT denotes the
T6169 2144-2154 NN denotes conclusion
T6170 2155-2159 IN denotes that
T6172 2160-2163 DT denotes the
T6174 2164-2168 NN denotes gene
T6175 2169-2178 VBG denotes targeting
T6173 2179-2184 NN denotes event
T6171 2185-2193 VBD denotes resulted
T6176 2194-2196 IN denotes in
T6177 2197-2198 DT denotes a
T6179 2199-2202 NN denotes PGC
T6181 2202-2203 HYPH denotes -
T6180 2203-2205 NN denotes 1α
T6182 2206-2210 JJ denotes null
T6178 2211-2217 NN denotes allele
T6183 2217-2218 . denotes .
T7689 4649-4656 JJ denotes General
T7690 4657-4672 NNS denotes Characteristics
T7691 4673-4675 IN denotes of
T7692 4676-4679 DT denotes the
T7694 4680-4683 NN denotes PGC
T7696 4683-4684 HYPH denotes -
T7695 4684-4686 NN denotes 1α
T7697 4686-4687 SYM denotes −
T7698 4687-4688 HYPH denotes /
T7699 4688-4689 SYM denotes −
T7693 4690-4694 NNS denotes Mice
T7700 4694-4696 : denotes :
T7701 4696-4699 NN denotes Age
T7703 4699-4700 HYPH denotes -
T7704 4701-4704 CC denotes and
T7705 4705-4708 NN denotes Sex
T7706 4708-4709 HYPH denotes -
T7702 4709-4718 JJ denotes Dependent
T7707 4719-4726 NN denotes Obesity
T7708 4726-4799 sentence denotes Heterozygous (PGC-1α+/−) mice were bred to generate PGC-1α−/− offspring.
T7709 4727-4739 JJ denotes Heterozygous
T7711 4740-4741 -LRB- denotes (
T7712 4741-4744 NN denotes PGC
T7714 4744-4745 HYPH denotes -
T7713 4745-4747 NN denotes 1α
T7715 4747-4748 SYM denotes +
T7716 4748-4749 HYPH denotes /
T7717 4749-4750 SYM denotes −
T7718 4750-4751 -RRB- denotes )
T7710 4752-4756 NNS denotes mice
T7720 4757-4761 VBD denotes were
T7719 4762-4766 VBN denotes bred
T7721 4767-4769 TO denotes to
T7722 4770-4778 VB denotes generate
T7723 4779-4782 NN denotes PGC
T7725 4782-4783 HYPH denotes -
T7724 4783-4785 NN denotes 1α
T7727 4785-4786 SYM denotes −
T7728 4786-4787 HYPH denotes /
T7729 4787-4788 SYM denotes −
T7726 4789-4798 NN denotes offspring
T7730 4798-4799 . denotes .
T7731 4799-4916 sentence denotes The observed genotype ratios of the offspring were consistent with the expected Mendelian ratios (unpublished data).
T7732 4800-4803 DT denotes The
T7734 4804-4812 VBN denotes observed
T7735 4813-4821 NN denotes genotype
T7733 4822-4828 NNS denotes ratios
T7737 4829-4831 IN denotes of
T7738 4832-4835 DT denotes the
T7739 4836-4845 NN denotes offspring
T7736 4846-4850 VBD denotes were
T7740 4851-4861 JJ denotes consistent
T7741 4862-4866 IN denotes with
T7742 4867-4870 DT denotes the
T7744 4871-4879 VBN denotes expected
T7745 4880-4889 JJ denotes Mendelian
T7743 4890-4896 NNS denotes ratios
T7746 4897-4898 -LRB- denotes (
T7748 4898-4909 JJ denotes unpublished
T7747 4910-4914 NNS denotes data
T7749 4914-4915 -RRB- denotes )
T7750 4915-4916 . denotes .
T7751 4916-5025 sentence denotes Unexpected deaths of the offspring were not observed, and PGC-1α+/− and PGC-1α−/− offspring appeared normal.
T7752 4917-4927 JJ denotes Unexpected
T7753 4928-4934 NNS denotes deaths
T7755 4935-4937 IN denotes of
T7756 4938-4941 DT denotes the
T7757 4942-4951 NN denotes offspring
T7758 4952-4956 VBD denotes were
T7759 4957-4960 RB denotes not
T7754 4961-4969 VBN denotes observed
T7760 4969-4971 , denotes ,
T7761 4971-4974 CC denotes and
T7762 4975-4978 NN denotes PGC
T7764 4978-4979 HYPH denotes -
T7763 4979-4981 NN denotes 1α
T7766 4981-4982 SYM denotes +
T7767 4982-4983 HYPH denotes /
T7768 4983-4984 SYM denotes −
T7769 4985-4988 CC denotes and
T7770 4989-4992 NN denotes PGC
T7772 4992-4993 HYPH denotes -
T7771 4993-4995 NN denotes 1α
T7773 4995-4996 SYM denotes −
T7774 4996-4997 HYPH denotes /
T7775 4997-4998 SYM denotes −
T7765 4999-5008 NN denotes offspring
T7776 5009-5017 VBD denotes appeared
T7777 5018-5024 JJ denotes normal
T7778 5024-5025 . denotes .
T7779 5025-5211 sentence denotes Total body weights obtained 1 wk after birth revealed a 15%–20% reduction in total body mass for male and female PGC-1α−/− mice relative to sex-matched PGC-1α+/+ littermates (Figure 2).
T7780 5026-5031 JJ denotes Total
T7782 5032-5036 NN denotes body
T7781 5037-5044 NNS denotes weights
T7784 5045-5053 VBN denotes obtained
T7785 5054-5055 CD denotes 1
T7786 5056-5058 NN denotes wk
T7787 5059-5064 IN denotes after
T7788 5065-5070 NN denotes birth
T7783 5071-5079 VBD denotes revealed
T7789 5080-5081 DT denotes a
T7791 5082-5084 CD denotes 15
T7792 5084-5085 NN denotes %
T7793 5085-5086 SYM denotes –
T7795 5086-5088 CD denotes 20
T7794 5088-5089 NN denotes %
T7790 5090-5099 NN denotes reduction
T7796 5100-5102 IN denotes in
T7797 5103-5108 JJ denotes total
T7799 5109-5113 NN denotes body
T7798 5114-5118 NN denotes mass
T7800 5119-5122 IN denotes for
T7801 5123-5127 JJ denotes male
T7803 5128-5131 CC denotes and
T7804 5132-5138 JJ denotes female
T7805 5139-5142 NN denotes PGC
T7807 5142-5143 HYPH denotes -
T7806 5143-5145 NN denotes 1α
T7808 5145-5146 SYM denotes −
T7809 5146-5147 HYPH denotes /
T7810 5147-5148 SYM denotes −
T7802 5149-5153 NNS denotes mice
T7811 5154-5162 JJ denotes relative
T7812 5163-5165 IN denotes to
T7813 5166-5169 NN denotes sex
T7815 5169-5170 HYPH denotes -
T7814 5170-5177 VBN denotes matched
T7817 5178-5181 NN denotes PGC
T7819 5181-5182 HYPH denotes -
T7818 5182-5184 NN denotes 1α
T7820 5184-5185 SYM denotes +
T7821 5185-5186 HYPH denotes /
T7822 5186-5187 SYM denotes +
T7816 5188-5199 NNS denotes littermates
T7823 5200-5201 -LRB- denotes (
T7824 5201-5207 NN denotes Figure
T7825 5208-5209 CD denotes 2
T7826 5209-5210 -RRB- denotes )
T7827 5210-5211 . denotes .
T7828 5211-5316 sentence denotes The weight decrement between PGC-1α−/− and PGC-1α+/+ littermates disappeared by 3 wk of age (Figure 2A).
T7829 5212-5215 DT denotes The
T7831 5216-5222 NN denotes weight
T7830 5223-5232 NN denotes decrement
T7833 5233-5240 IN denotes between
T7834 5241-5244 NN denotes PGC
T7836 5244-5245 HYPH denotes -
T7835 5245-5247 NN denotes 1α
T7838 5247-5248 SYM denotes −
T7839 5248-5249 HYPH denotes /
T7840 5249-5250 SYM denotes −
T7841 5251-5254 CC denotes and
T7842 5255-5258 NN denotes PGC
T7844 5258-5259 HYPH denotes -
T7843 5259-5261 NN denotes 1α
T7845 5261-5262 SYM denotes +
T7846 5262-5263 HYPH denotes /
T7847 5263-5264 SYM denotes +
T7837 5265-5276 NNS denotes littermates
T7832 5277-5288 VBD denotes disappeared
T7848 5289-5291 IN denotes by
T7849 5292-5293 CD denotes 3
T7850 5294-5296 NN denotes wk
T7851 5297-5299 IN denotes of
T7852 5300-5303 NN denotes age
T7853 5304-5305 -LRB- denotes (
T7855 5305-5311 NN denotes Figure
T7854 5312-5314 NN denotes 2A
T7856 5314-5315 -RRB- denotes )
T7857 5315-5316 . denotes .
T7858 5316-5474 sentence denotes At 18 wk of age, body weight was modestly but significantly greater in male and female PGC-1α−/− mice compared to sex-matched PGC-1α+/+ controls (Figure 2A).
T7859 5317-5319 IN denotes At
T7861 5320-5322 CD denotes 18
T7862 5323-5325 NN denotes wk
T7863 5326-5328 IN denotes of
T7864 5329-5332 NN denotes age
T7865 5332-5334 , denotes ,
T7866 5334-5338 NN denotes body
T7867 5339-5345 NN denotes weight
T7860 5346-5349 VBD denotes was
T7868 5350-5358 RB denotes modestly
T7870 5359-5362 CC denotes but
T7871 5363-5376 RB denotes significantly
T7869 5377-5384 JJR denotes greater
T7872 5385-5387 IN denotes in
T7873 5388-5392 JJ denotes male
T7875 5393-5396 CC denotes and
T7876 5397-5403 JJ denotes female
T7877 5404-5407 NN denotes PGC
T7879 5407-5408 HYPH denotes -
T7878 5408-5410 NN denotes 1α
T7880 5410-5411 SYM denotes −
T7881 5411-5412 HYPH denotes /
T7882 5412-5413 SYM denotes −
T7874 5414-5418 NNS denotes mice
T7883 5419-5427 VBN denotes compared
T7884 5428-5430 IN denotes to
T7885 5431-5434 NN denotes sex
T7887 5434-5435 HYPH denotes -
T7886 5435-5442 VBN denotes matched
T7889 5443-5446 NN denotes PGC
T7891 5446-5447 HYPH denotes -
T7890 5447-5449 NN denotes 1α
T7892 5449-5450 SYM denotes +
T7893 5450-5451 HYPH denotes /
T7894 5451-5452 SYM denotes +
T7888 5453-5461 NNS denotes controls
T7895 5462-5463 -LRB- denotes (
T7897 5463-5469 NN denotes Figure
T7896 5470-5472 NN denotes 2A
T7898 5472-5473 -RRB- denotes )
T7899 5473-5474 . denotes .
T7900 5474-5573 sentence denotes This weight difference was also significant for female PGC-1α−/− mice at 24 wk of age (Figure 2A).
T7901 5475-5479 DT denotes This
T7903 5480-5486 NN denotes weight
T7902 5487-5497 NN denotes difference
T7904 5498-5501 VBD denotes was
T7905 5502-5506 RB denotes also
T7906 5507-5518 JJ denotes significant
T7907 5519-5522 IN denotes for
T7908 5523-5529 JJ denotes female
T7910 5530-5533 NN denotes PGC
T7912 5533-5534 HYPH denotes -
T7911 5534-5536 NN denotes 1α
T7913 5536-5537 SYM denotes −
T7914 5537-5538 HYPH denotes /
T7915 5538-5539 SYM denotes −
T7909 5540-5544 NNS denotes mice
T7916 5545-5547 IN denotes at
T7917 5548-5550 CD denotes 24
T7918 5551-5553 NN denotes wk
T7919 5554-5556 IN denotes of
T7920 5557-5560 NN denotes age
T7921 5561-5562 -LRB- denotes (
T7923 5562-5568 NN denotes Figure
T7922 5569-5571 NN denotes 2A
T7924 5571-5572 -RRB- denotes )
T7925 5572-5573 . denotes .
T7926 5573-5756 sentence denotes The abnormal weight gain in PGC-1α−/− mice was not associated with differences in food intake (unpublished data) or alterations in general activity as monitored for 48 h (Figure S1).
T7927 5574-5577 DT denotes The
T7929 5578-5586 JJ denotes abnormal
T7930 5587-5593 NN denotes weight
T7928 5594-5598 NN denotes gain
T7932 5599-5601 IN denotes in
T7933 5602-5605 NN denotes PGC
T7935 5605-5606 HYPH denotes -
T7934 5606-5608 NN denotes 1α
T7937 5608-5609 SYM denotes −
T7938 5609-5610 HYPH denotes /
T7939 5610-5611 SYM denotes −
T7936 5612-5616 NNS denotes mice
T7940 5617-5620 VBD denotes was
T7941 5621-5624 RB denotes not
T7931 5625-5635 VBN denotes associated
T7942 5636-5640 IN denotes with
T7943 5641-5652 NNS denotes differences
T7944 5653-5655 IN denotes in
T7945 5656-5660 NN denotes food
T7946 5661-5667 NN denotes intake
T7947 5668-5669 -LRB- denotes (
T7949 5669-5680 JJ denotes unpublished
T7948 5681-5685 NNS denotes data
T7950 5685-5686 -RRB- denotes )
T7951 5687-5689 CC denotes or
T7952 5690-5701 NNS denotes alterations
T7953 5702-5704 IN denotes in
T7954 5705-5712 JJ denotes general
T7955 5713-5721 NN denotes activity
T7956 5722-5724 IN denotes as
T7957 5725-5734 VBN denotes monitored
T7958 5735-5738 IN denotes for
T7959 5739-5741 CD denotes 48
T7960 5742-5743 NN denotes h
T7961 5744-5745 -LRB- denotes (
T7963 5745-5751 NN denotes Figure
T7962 5752-5754 NN denotes S1
T7964 5754-5755 -RRB- denotes )
T7965 5755-5756 . denotes .
T7966 5756-6043 sentence denotes Percent body fat, as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorption (DEXA), was greater in 18- and 24-wk-old female PGC-1α−/− mice compared to age-matched female PGC-1α+/+ counterparts, indicating that the body weight difference was due, at least in part, to increased body fat (Figure 2A).
T7967 5757-5764 NN denotes Percent
T7969 5765-5769 NN denotes body
T7968 5770-5773 NN denotes fat
T7971 5773-5775 , denotes ,
T7972 5775-5777 IN denotes as
T7973 5778-5788 VBN denotes determined
T7974 5789-5791 IN denotes by
T7975 5792-5796 JJ denotes dual
T7977 5796-5797 HYPH denotes -
T7976 5797-5803 NN denotes energy
T7979 5804-5809 NN denotes X-ray
T7978 5810-5820 NN denotes absorption
T7980 5821-5822 -LRB- denotes (
T7981 5822-5826 NN denotes DEXA
T7982 5826-5827 -RRB- denotes )
T7983 5827-5829 , denotes ,
T7970 5829-5832 VBD denotes was
T7984 5833-5840 JJR denotes greater
T7985 5841-5843 IN denotes in
T7986 5844-5846 CD denotes 18
T7988 5846-5847 HYPH denotes -
T7989 5848-5851 CC denotes and
T7990 5852-5854 CD denotes 24
T7991 5854-5855 HYPH denotes -
T7987 5855-5857 NN denotes wk
T7993 5857-5858 HYPH denotes -
T7992 5858-5861 JJ denotes old
T7995 5862-5868 JJ denotes female
T7996 5869-5872 NN denotes PGC
T7998 5872-5873 HYPH denotes -
T7997 5873-5875 NN denotes 1α
T7999 5875-5876 SYM denotes −
T8000 5876-5877 HYPH denotes /
T8001 5877-5878 SYM denotes −
T7994 5879-5883 NNS denotes mice
T8002 5884-5892 VBN denotes compared
T8003 5893-5895 IN denotes to
T8004 5896-5899 NN denotes age
T8006 5899-5900 HYPH denotes -
T8005 5900-5907 VBN denotes matched
T8008 5908-5914 JJ denotes female
T8009 5915-5918 NN denotes PGC
T8011 5918-5919 HYPH denotes -
T8010 5919-5921 NN denotes 1α
T8012 5921-5922 SYM denotes +
T8013 5922-5923 HYPH denotes /
T8014 5923-5924 SYM denotes +
T8007 5925-5937 NNS denotes counterparts
T8015 5937-5939 , denotes ,
T8016 5939-5949 VBG denotes indicating
T8017 5950-5954 IN denotes that
T8019 5955-5958 DT denotes the
T8021 5959-5963 NN denotes body
T8022 5964-5970 NN denotes weight
T8020 5971-5981 NN denotes difference
T8018 5982-5985 VBD denotes was
T8023 5986-5989 IN denotes due
T8024 5989-5991 , denotes ,
T8025 5991-5993 RB denotes at
T8026 5994-5999 RBS denotes least
T8027 6000-6002 IN denotes in
T8028 6003-6007 JJ denotes part
T8029 6007-6009 , denotes ,
T8030 6009-6011 IN denotes to
T8031 6012-6021 VBN denotes increased
T8033 6022-6026 NN denotes body
T8032 6027-6030 NN denotes fat
T8034 6031-6032 -LRB- denotes (
T8036 6032-6038 NN denotes Figure
T8035 6039-6041 NN denotes 2A
T8037 6041-6042 -RRB- denotes )
T8038 6042-6043 . denotes .
T8039 6043-6127 sentence denotes Lean mass was not significantly different between the genotypes (unpublished data).
T8040 6044-6048 JJ denotes Lean
T8041 6049-6053 NN denotes mass
T8042 6054-6057 VBD denotes was
T8043 6058-6061 RB denotes not
T8044 6062-6075 RB denotes significantly
T8045 6076-6085 JJ denotes different
T8046 6086-6093 IN denotes between
T8047 6094-6097 DT denotes the
T8048 6098-6107 NNS denotes genotypes
T8049 6108-6109 -LRB- denotes (
T8051 6109-6120 JJ denotes unpublished
T8050 6121-6125 NNS denotes data
T8052 6125-6126 -RRB- denotes )
T8053 6126-6127 . denotes .
T8054 6127-6342 sentence denotes Although DEXA did not detect excess body fat in male PGC-1α−/− mice at 18 or 24 wk of age, older male mutant mice (over 7 mo of age) accumulated more body fat than male WT controls (Figure 2A and unpublished data).
T8055 6128-6136 IN denotes Although
T8057 6137-6141 NN denotes DEXA
T8058 6142-6145 VBD denotes did
T8059 6146-6149 RB denotes not
T8056 6150-6156 VB denotes detect
T8061 6157-6163 JJ denotes excess
T8063 6164-6168 NN denotes body
T8062 6169-6172 NN denotes fat
T8064 6173-6175 IN denotes in
T8065 6176-6180 JJ denotes male
T8067 6181-6184 NN denotes PGC
T8069 6184-6185 HYPH denotes -
T8068 6185-6187 NN denotes 1α
T8070 6187-6188 SYM denotes −
T8071 6188-6189 HYPH denotes /
T8072 6189-6190 SYM denotes −
T8066 6191-6195 NNS denotes mice
T8073 6196-6198 IN denotes at
T8074 6199-6201 CD denotes 18
T8076 6202-6204 CC denotes or
T8077 6205-6207 CD denotes 24
T8075 6208-6210 NN denotes wk
T8078 6211-6213 IN denotes of
T8079 6214-6217 NN denotes age
T8080 6217-6219 , denotes ,
T8081 6219-6224 JJR denotes older
T8083 6225-6229 JJ denotes male
T8084 6230-6236 NN denotes mutant
T8082 6237-6241 NNS denotes mice
T8085 6242-6243 -LRB- denotes (
T8086 6243-6247 IN denotes over
T8087 6248-6249 CD denotes 7
T8088 6250-6252 NN denotes mo
T8089 6253-6255 IN denotes of
T8090 6256-6259 NN denotes age
T8091 6259-6260 -RRB- denotes )
T8060 6261-6272 VBD denotes accumulated
T8092 6273-6277 JJR denotes more
T8094 6278-6282 NN denotes body
T8093 6283-6286 NN denotes fat
T8095 6287-6291 IN denotes than
T8096 6292-6296 JJ denotes male
T8098 6297-6299 NN denotes WT
T8097 6300-6308 NNS denotes controls
T8099 6309-6310 -LRB- denotes (
T8101 6310-6316 NN denotes Figure
T8100 6317-6319 NN denotes 2A
T8102 6320-6323 CC denotes and
T8103 6324-6335 JJ denotes unpublished
T8104 6336-6340 NNS denotes data
T8105 6340-6341 -RRB- denotes )
T8106 6341-6342 . denotes .
T8107 6342-7493 sentence denotes Figure 2 Evidence for Tissue-Specific Growth Abnormalities and Mild Sex-Limited, Age-Dependent Obesity in PGC-1α−/− Mice (A) The bars represent total body weight for the ages indicated for male (left graph) and female (center graph) PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice. The body weight (BW) of the 1-wk-old PGC-1α−/− mice was normalized to that of PGC-1α+/+ littermates, which was assigned a value of 100 (left axis). For the 3-, 18-, and 24-wk time points, absolute weights of PGC-1α−/− mice were compared to age-matched controls (right axis). Percent fat as determined by DEXA scanning for PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice (right graph). The results represent n = 4 (males) and n ≥ 11 (females) for each genotype at 24 wk. * p < 0.05 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+ mice. (B) The bars represent organ weights corrected to body weight for 3-wk-old male and female PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice. The error bars represent ± SEM. Results represent n ≥ 14 for each group. * p < 0.05 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+ mice. Individual organ weights were assessed, given the importance of mitochondrial energy metabolism for postnatal growth in certain organs.
T8108 7358-7368 JJ denotes Individual
T8110 7369-7374 NN denotes organ
T8109 7375-7382 NNS denotes weights
T8112 7383-7387 VBD denotes were
T8111 7388-7396 VBN denotes assessed
T8113 7396-7398 , denotes ,
T8114 7398-7403 VBN denotes given
T8115 7404-7407 DT denotes the
T8116 7408-7418 NN denotes importance
T8117 7419-7421 IN denotes of
T8118 7422-7435 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T8120 7436-7442 NN denotes energy
T8119 7443-7453 NN denotes metabolism
T8121 7454-7457 IN denotes for
T8122 7458-7467 JJ denotes postnatal
T8123 7468-7474 NN denotes growth
T8124 7475-7477 IN denotes in
T8125 7478-7485 JJ denotes certain
T8126 7486-7492 NNS denotes organs
T8127 7492-7493 . denotes .
T8128 7493-7812 sentence denotes The weights of heart and slow-twitch fiber-enriched skeletal muscles, including gastrocnemius and soleus, but not the less oxidative tibialis anterior, were significantly lower in male and female PGC-1α−/− mice compared with age and sex-matched PGC-1α+/+ controls at 3 and 8 wk of age (Figure 2B and unpublished data).
T8129 7494-7497 DT denotes The
T8130 7498-7505 NNS denotes weights
T8132 7506-7508 IN denotes of
T8133 7509-7514 NN denotes heart
T8134 7515-7518 CC denotes and
T8135 7519-7523 JJ denotes slow
T8137 7523-7524 HYPH denotes -
T8136 7524-7530 NN denotes twitch
T8139 7531-7536 NN denotes fiber
T8141 7536-7537 HYPH denotes -
T8140 7537-7545 VBN denotes enriched
T8142 7546-7554 JJ denotes skeletal
T8138 7555-7562 NNS denotes muscles
T8143 7562-7564 , denotes ,
T8144 7564-7573 VBG denotes including
T8145 7574-7587 NN denotes gastrocnemius
T8146 7588-7591 CC denotes and
T8147 7592-7598 NN denotes soleus
T8148 7598-7600 , denotes ,
T8149 7600-7603 CC denotes but
T8150 7604-7607 RB denotes not
T8151 7608-7611 DT denotes the
T8153 7612-7616 RBR denotes less
T8154 7617-7626 JJ denotes oxidative
T8155 7627-7635 NN denotes tibialis
T8152 7636-7644 NN denotes anterior
T8156 7644-7646 , denotes ,
T8131 7646-7650 VBD denotes were
T8157 7651-7664 RB denotes significantly
T8158 7665-7670 JJR denotes lower
T8159 7671-7673 IN denotes in
T8160 7674-7678 JJ denotes male
T8162 7679-7682 CC denotes and
T8163 7683-7689 JJ denotes female
T8164 7690-7693 NN denotes PGC
T8166 7693-7694 HYPH denotes -
T8165 7694-7696 NN denotes 1α
T8167 7696-7697 SYM denotes −
T8168 7697-7698 HYPH denotes /
T8169 7698-7699 SYM denotes −
T8161 7700-7704 NNS denotes mice
T8170 7705-7713 VBN denotes compared
T8171 7714-7718 IN denotes with
T8172 7719-7722 NN denotes age
T8174 7723-7726 CC denotes and
T8175 7727-7730 NN denotes sex
T8176 7730-7731 HYPH denotes -
T8173 7731-7738 VBN denotes matched
T8178 7739-7742 NN denotes PGC
T8180 7742-7743 HYPH denotes -
T8179 7743-7745 NN denotes 1α
T8181 7745-7746 SYM denotes +
T8182 7746-7747 HYPH denotes /
T8183 7747-7748 SYM denotes +
T8177 7749-7757 NNS denotes controls
T8184 7758-7760 IN denotes at
T8185 7761-7762 CD denotes 3
T8187 7763-7766 CC denotes and
T8188 7767-7768 CD denotes 8
T8186 7769-7771 NN denotes wk
T8189 7772-7774 IN denotes of
T8190 7775-7778 NN denotes age
T8191 7779-7780 -LRB- denotes (
T8193 7780-7786 NN denotes Figure
T8192 7787-7789 NN denotes 2B
T8194 7790-7793 CC denotes and
T8195 7794-7805 JJ denotes unpublished
T8196 7806-7810 NNS denotes data
T8197 7810-7811 -RRB- denotes )
T8198 7811-7812 . denotes .
T8199 7812-7961 sentence denotes In contrast, the weights of brain, liver, kidney, and BAT were not significantly different between the genotypes at the 3-wk time point (Figure 2B).
T8200 7813-7815 IN denotes In
T8202 7816-7824 NN denotes contrast
T8203 7824-7826 , denotes ,
T8204 7826-7829 DT denotes the
T8205 7830-7837 NNS denotes weights
T8206 7838-7840 IN denotes of
T8207 7841-7846 NN denotes brain
T8208 7846-7848 , denotes ,
T8209 7848-7853 NN denotes liver
T8210 7853-7855 , denotes ,
T8211 7855-7861 NN denotes kidney
T8212 7861-7863 , denotes ,
T8213 7863-7866 CC denotes and
T8214 7867-7870 NN denotes BAT
T8201 7871-7875 VBD denotes were
T8215 7876-7879 RB denotes not
T8216 7880-7893 RB denotes significantly
T8217 7894-7903 JJ denotes different
T8218 7904-7911 IN denotes between
T8219 7912-7915 DT denotes the
T8220 7916-7925 NNS denotes genotypes
T8221 7926-7928 IN denotes at
T8222 7929-7932 DT denotes the
T8224 7933-7934 CD denotes 3
T8226 7934-7935 HYPH denotes -
T8225 7935-7937 NN denotes wk
T8227 7938-7942 NN denotes time
T8223 7943-7948 NN denotes point
T8228 7949-7950 -LRB- denotes (
T8230 7950-7956 NN denotes Figure
T8229 7957-7959 NN denotes 2B
T8231 7959-7960 -RRB- denotes )
T8232 7960-7961 . denotes .
T8233 7961-8124 sentence denotes Thus, certain tissues with high mitochondrial energy requirements, such as heart and slow-twitch skeletal muscle, exhibit modest growth defects in PGC-1α−/− mice.
T8234 7962-7966 RB denotes Thus
T8236 7966-7968 , denotes ,
T8237 7968-7975 JJ denotes certain
T8238 7976-7983 NNS denotes tissues
T8239 7984-7988 IN denotes with
T8240 7989-7993 JJ denotes high
T8242 7994-8007 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T8243 8008-8014 NN denotes energy
T8241 8015-8027 NNS denotes requirements
T8244 8027-8029 , denotes ,
T8245 8029-8033 JJ denotes such
T8246 8034-8036 IN denotes as
T8247 8037-8042 NN denotes heart
T8249 8043-8046 CC denotes and
T8250 8047-8051 JJ denotes slow
T8252 8051-8052 HYPH denotes -
T8251 8052-8058 NN denotes twitch
T8253 8059-8067 JJ denotes skeletal
T8248 8068-8074 NN denotes muscle
T8254 8074-8076 , denotes ,
T8235 8076-8083 VBP denotes exhibit
T8255 8084-8090 JJ denotes modest
T8257 8091-8097 NN denotes growth
T8256 8098-8105 NNS denotes defects
T8258 8106-8108 IN denotes in
T8259 8109-8112 NN denotes PGC
T8261 8112-8113 HYPH denotes -
T8260 8113-8115 NN denotes 1α
T8263 8115-8116 SYM denotes −
T8264 8116-8117 HYPH denotes /
T8265 8117-8118 SYM denotes −
T8262 8119-8123 NNS denotes mice
T8266 8123-8124 . denotes .
T9816 8126-8134 JJ denotes Abnormal
T9818 8135-8141 NN denotes Muscle
T9819 8142-8155 JJ denotes Mitochondrial
T9817 8156-8165 NN denotes Phenotype
T9820 8166-8168 IN denotes in
T9821 8169-8172 NN denotes PGC
T9823 8172-8173 HYPH denotes -
T9822 8173-8175 NN denotes 1α
T9825 8175-8176 SYM denotes −
T9826 8176-8177 HYPH denotes /
T9827 8177-8178 SYM denotes −
T9824 8179-8183 NNS denotes Mice
T9828 8183-8338 sentence denotes General histologic analyses were performed to begin to evaluate the mild growth defect found in postnatal heart and skeletal muscle of the PGC-1α−/− mice.
T9829 8184-8191 JJ denotes General
T9831 8192-8202 JJ denotes histologic
T9830 8203-8211 NNS denotes analyses
T9833 8212-8216 VBD denotes were
T9832 8217-8226 VBN denotes performed
T9834 8227-8229 TO denotes to
T9835 8230-8235 VB denotes begin
T9836 8236-8238 TO denotes to
T9837 8239-8247 VB denotes evaluate
T9838 8248-8251 DT denotes the
T9840 8252-8256 JJ denotes mild
T9841 8257-8263 NN denotes growth
T9839 8264-8270 NN denotes defect
T9842 8271-8276 VBN denotes found
T9843 8277-8279 IN denotes in
T9844 8280-8289 JJ denotes postnatal
T9845 8290-8295 NN denotes heart
T9846 8296-8299 CC denotes and
T9847 8300-8308 JJ denotes skeletal
T9848 8309-8315 NN denotes muscle
T9849 8316-8318 IN denotes of
T9850 8319-8322 DT denotes the
T9852 8323-8326 NN denotes PGC
T9854 8326-8327 HYPH denotes -
T9853 8327-8329 NN denotes 1α
T9855 8329-8330 SYM denotes −
T9856 8330-8331 HYPH denotes /
T9857 8331-8332 SYM denotes −
T9851 8333-8337 NNS denotes mice
T9858 8337-8338 . denotes .
T9859 8338-8489 sentence denotes There were no obvious abnormalities in cellularity, cell size, or extracellular matrix in the tissues of 1–2-mo-old PGC-1α−/− mice (unpublished data).
T9860 8339-8344 EX denotes There
T9861 8345-8349 VBD denotes were
T9862 8350-8352 DT denotes no
T9864 8353-8360 JJ denotes obvious
T9863 8361-8374 NNS denotes abnormalities
T9865 8375-8377 IN denotes in
T9866 8378-8389 NN denotes cellularity
T9867 8389-8391 , denotes ,
T9868 8391-8395 NN denotes cell
T9869 8396-8400 NN denotes size
T9870 8400-8402 , denotes ,
T9871 8402-8404 CC denotes or
T9872 8405-8418 JJ denotes extracellular
T9873 8419-8425 NN denotes matrix
T9874 8426-8428 IN denotes in
T9875 8429-8432 DT denotes the
T9876 8433-8440 NNS denotes tissues
T9877 8441-8443 IN denotes of
T9878 8444-8445 CD denotes 1
T9880 8445-8446 SYM denotes –
T9879 8446-8447 CD denotes 2
T9882 8447-8448 HYPH denotes -
T9881 8448-8450 NN denotes mo
T9884 8450-8451 HYPH denotes -
T9883 8451-8454 JJ denotes old
T9886 8455-8458 NN denotes PGC
T9888 8458-8459 HYPH denotes -
T9887 8459-8461 NN denotes 1α
T9889 8461-8462 SYM denotes −
T9890 8462-8463 HYPH denotes /
T9891 8463-8464 SYM denotes −
T9885 8465-8469 NNS denotes mice
T9892 8470-8471 -LRB- denotes (
T9894 8471-8482 JJ denotes unpublished
T9893 8483-8487 NNS denotes data
T9895 8487-8488 -RRB- denotes )
T9896 8488-8489 . denotes .
T9897 8489-8632 sentence denotes Given the important role of PGC-1α in mitochondrial function and biogenesis, we examined mitochondrial ultrastructure in the relevant tissues.
T9898 8490-8495 VBN denotes Given
T9900 8496-8499 DT denotes the
T9902 8500-8509 JJ denotes important
T9901 8510-8514 NN denotes role
T9903 8515-8517 IN denotes of
T9904 8518-8521 NN denotes PGC
T9906 8521-8522 HYPH denotes -
T9905 8522-8524 NN denotes 1α
T9907 8525-8527 IN denotes in
T9908 8528-8541 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T9909 8542-8550 NN denotes function
T9910 8551-8554 CC denotes and
T9911 8555-8565 NN denotes biogenesis
T9912 8565-8567 , denotes ,
T9913 8567-8569 PRP denotes we
T9899 8570-8578 VBD denotes examined
T9914 8579-8592 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T9915 8593-8607 NN denotes ultrastructure
T9916 8608-8610 IN denotes in
T9917 8611-8614 DT denotes the
T9919 8615-8623 JJ denotes relevant
T9918 8624-8631 NNS denotes tissues
T9920 8631-8632 . denotes .
T9921 8632-8803 sentence denotes Electron microscopic analysis revealed fewer and smaller mitochondria in soleus muscle of PGC-1α−/− mice compared to sex- and age- matched PGC-1α+/+ controls (Figure 3A).
T9922 8633-8641 NN denotes Electron
T9923 8642-8653 JJ denotes microscopic
T9924 8654-8662 NN denotes analysis
T9925 8663-8671 VBD denotes revealed
T9926 8672-8677 JJR denotes fewer
T9928 8678-8681 CC denotes and
T9929 8682-8689 JJR denotes smaller
T9927 8690-8702 NNS denotes mitochondria
T9930 8703-8705 IN denotes in
T9931 8706-8712 NN denotes soleus
T9932 8713-8719 NN denotes muscle
T9933 8720-8722 IN denotes of
T9934 8723-8726 NN denotes PGC
T9936 8726-8727 HYPH denotes -
T9935 8727-8729 NN denotes 1α
T9938 8729-8730 SYM denotes −
T9939 8730-8731 HYPH denotes /
T9940 8731-8732 SYM denotes −
T9937 8733-8737 NNS denotes mice
T9941 8738-8746 VBN denotes compared
T9942 8747-8749 IN denotes to
T9943 8750-8753 NN denotes sex
T9945 8753-8754 HYPH denotes -
T9946 8755-8758 CC denotes and
T9947 8759-8762 NN denotes age
T9948 8762-8763 HYPH denotes -
T9944 8764-8771 VBN denotes matched
T9950 8772-8775 NN denotes PGC
T9952 8775-8776 HYPH denotes -
T9951 8776-8778 NN denotes 1α
T9953 8778-8779 SYM denotes +
T9954 8779-8780 HYPH denotes /
T9955 8780-8781 SYM denotes +
T9949 8782-8790 NNS denotes controls
T9956 8791-8792 -LRB- denotes (
T9958 8792-8798 NN denotes Figure
T9957 8799-8801 NN denotes 3A
T9959 8801-8802 -RRB- denotes )
T9960 8802-8803 . denotes .
T9961 8803-9061 sentence denotes Quantitative morphometry of the electron micrographs confirmed that the cellular volume density of soleus mitochondria was significantly lower in PGC-1α−/− mice compared to PGC-1α+/+ controls independent of changes in the myofibrillar component (Figure 3B).
T9962 8804-8816 JJ denotes Quantitative
T9963 8817-8828 NN denotes morphometry
T9965 8829-8831 IN denotes of
T9966 8832-8835 DT denotes the
T9968 8836-8844 NN denotes electron
T9967 8845-8856 NNS denotes micrographs
T9964 8857-8866 VBD denotes confirmed
T9969 8867-8871 IN denotes that
T9971 8872-8875 DT denotes the
T9973 8876-8884 JJ denotes cellular
T9974 8885-8891 NN denotes volume
T9972 8892-8899 NN denotes density
T9975 8900-8902 IN denotes of
T9976 8903-8909 NN denotes soleus
T9977 8910-8922 NNS denotes mitochondria
T9970 8923-8926 VBD denotes was
T9978 8927-8940 RB denotes significantly
T9979 8941-8946 JJR denotes lower
T9980 8947-8949 IN denotes in
T9981 8950-8953 NN denotes PGC
T9983 8953-8954 HYPH denotes -
T9982 8954-8956 NN denotes 1α
T9985 8956-8957 SYM denotes −
T9986 8957-8958 HYPH denotes /
T9987 8958-8959 SYM denotes −
T9984 8960-8964 NNS denotes mice
T9988 8965-8973 VBN denotes compared
T9989 8974-8976 IN denotes to
T9990 8977-8980 NN denotes PGC
T9992 8980-8981 HYPH denotes -
T9991 8981-8983 NN denotes 1α
T9994 8983-8984 SYM denotes +
T9995 8984-8985 HYPH denotes /
T9996 8985-8986 SYM denotes +
T9993 8987-8995 NNS denotes controls
T9997 8996-9007 JJ denotes independent
T9998 9008-9010 IN denotes of
T9999 9011-9018 NNS denotes changes
T10000 9019-9021 IN denotes in
T10001 9022-9025 DT denotes the
T10003 9026-9038 JJ denotes myofibrillar
T10002 9039-9048 NN denotes component
T10004 9049-9050 -LRB- denotes (
T10006 9050-9056 NN denotes Figure
T10005 9057-9059 NN denotes 3B
T10007 9059-9060 -RRB- denotes )
T10008 9060-9061 . denotes .
T10009 9061-9405 sentence denotes Consistent with a defect in mitochondrial biogenesis, we found a reduction in the expression of nuclear genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial electron transport (cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase IV) and oxidative phosphorylation (beta subunit of ATP synthase) in soleus muscle of PGC-1α−/− mice compared with PGC-1α+/+ controls.
T10010 9062-9072 JJ denotes Consistent
T10012 9073-9077 IN denotes with
T10013 9078-9079 DT denotes a
T10014 9080-9086 NN denotes defect
T10015 9087-9089 IN denotes in
T10016 9090-9103 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T10017 9104-9114 NN denotes biogenesis
T10018 9114-9116 , denotes ,
T10019 9116-9118 PRP denotes we
T10011 9119-9124 VBD denotes found
T10020 9125-9126 DT denotes a
T10021 9127-9136 NN denotes reduction
T10022 9137-9139 IN denotes in
T10023 9140-9143 DT denotes the
T10024 9144-9154 NN denotes expression
T10025 9155-9157 IN denotes of
T10026 9158-9165 JJ denotes nuclear
T10027 9166-9171 NNS denotes genes
T10028 9172-9180 VBG denotes encoding
T10029 9181-9189 NN denotes proteins
T10030 9190-9198 VBN denotes involved
T10031 9199-9201 IN denotes in
T10032 9202-9215 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T10034 9216-9224 NN denotes electron
T10033 9225-9234 NN denotes transport
T10035 9235-9236 -LRB- denotes (
T10036 9236-9246 NN denotes cytochrome
T10037 9247-9248 NN denotes c
T10038 9249-9252 CC denotes and
T10039 9253-9263 NN denotes cytochrome
T10040 9264-9271 NN denotes oxidase
T10041 9272-9274 CD denotes IV
T10042 9274-9275 -RRB- denotes )
T10043 9276-9279 CC denotes and
T10044 9280-9289 JJ denotes oxidative
T10045 9290-9305 NN denotes phosphorylation
T10046 9306-9307 -LRB- denotes (
T10047 9307-9311 NN denotes beta
T10048 9312-9319 NN denotes subunit
T10049 9320-9322 IN denotes of
T10050 9323-9326 NN denotes ATP
T10051 9327-9335 NN denotes synthase
T10052 9335-9336 -RRB- denotes )
T10053 9337-9339 IN denotes in
T10054 9340-9346 NN denotes soleus
T10055 9347-9353 NN denotes muscle
T10056 9354-9356 IN denotes of
T10057 9357-9360 NN denotes PGC
T10059 9360-9361 HYPH denotes -
T10058 9361-9363 NN denotes 1α
T10061 9363-9364 SYM denotes −
T10062 9364-9365 HYPH denotes /
T10063 9365-9366 SYM denotes −
T10060 9367-9371 NNS denotes mice
T10064 9372-9380 VBN denotes compared
T10065 9381-9385 IN denotes with
T10066 9386-9389 NN denotes PGC
T10068 9389-9390 HYPH denotes -
T10067 9390-9392 NN denotes 1α
T10070 9392-9393 SYM denotes +
T10071 9393-9394 HYPH denotes /
T10072 9394-9395 SYM denotes +
T10069 9396-9404 NNS denotes controls
T10073 9404-9405 . denotes .
T10074 9405-9643 sentence denotes In addition, the expression of Tfam, a known PGC-1α target involved in mitochondrial DNA replication/transcription, was diminished in PGC-1α−/− soleus, providing one potential mechanism for defective mitochondrial biogenesis (Figure 3C).
T10075 9406-9408 IN denotes In
T10077 9409-9417 NN denotes addition
T10078 9417-9419 , denotes ,
T10079 9419-9422 DT denotes the
T10080 9423-9433 NN denotes expression
T10081 9434-9436 IN denotes of
T10082 9437-9441 NN denotes Tfam
T10083 9441-9443 , denotes ,
T10084 9443-9444 DT denotes a
T10086 9445-9450 JJ denotes known
T10087 9451-9454 NN denotes PGC
T10089 9454-9455 HYPH denotes -
T10088 9455-9457 NN denotes 1α
T10085 9458-9464 NN denotes target
T10090 9465-9473 VBN denotes involved
T10091 9474-9476 IN denotes in
T10092 9477-9490 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T10094 9491-9494 NN denotes DNA
T10095 9495-9506 NN denotes replication
T10096 9506-9507 HYPH denotes /
T10093 9507-9520 NN denotes transcription
T10097 9520-9522 , denotes ,
T10098 9522-9525 VBD denotes was
T10076 9526-9536 VBN denotes diminished
T10099 9537-9539 IN denotes in
T10100 9540-9543 NN denotes PGC
T10102 9543-9544 HYPH denotes -
T10101 9544-9546 NN denotes 1α
T10104 9546-9547 SYM denotes −
T10105 9547-9548 HYPH denotes /
T10106 9548-9549 SYM denotes −
T10103 9550-9556 NN denotes soleus
T10107 9556-9558 , denotes ,
T10108 9558-9567 VBG denotes providing
T10109 9568-9571 CD denotes one
T10111 9572-9581 JJ denotes potential
T10110 9582-9591 NN denotes mechanism
T10112 9592-9595 IN denotes for
T10113 9596-9605 JJ denotes defective
T10115 9606-9619 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T10114 9620-9630 NN denotes biogenesis
T10116 9631-9632 -LRB- denotes (
T10118 9632-9638 NN denotes Figure
T10117 9639-9641 NN denotes 3C
T10119 9641-9642 -RRB- denotes )
T10120 9642-9643 . denotes .
T10121 9643-9825 sentence denotes In contrast to the results with soleus, no significant differences in mitochondrial ultrastructure or volume density were noted in heart or BAT of PGC-1α−/− mice (unpublished data).
T10122 9644-9646 IN denotes In
T10124 9647-9655 NN denotes contrast
T10125 9656-9658 IN denotes to
T10126 9659-9662 DT denotes the
T10127 9663-9670 NNS denotes results
T10128 9671-9675 IN denotes with
T10129 9676-9682 NN denotes soleus
T10130 9682-9684 , denotes ,
T10131 9684-9686 DT denotes no
T10133 9687-9698 JJ denotes significant
T10132 9699-9710 NNS denotes differences
T10134 9711-9713 IN denotes in
T10135 9714-9727 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T10136 9728-9742 NN denotes ultrastructure
T10137 9743-9745 CC denotes or
T10138 9746-9752 NN denotes volume
T10139 9753-9760 NN denotes density
T10140 9761-9765 VBD denotes were
T10123 9766-9771 VBN denotes noted
T10141 9772-9774 IN denotes in
T10142 9775-9780 NN denotes heart
T10143 9781-9783 CC denotes or
T10144 9784-9787 NN denotes BAT
T10145 9788-9790 IN denotes of
T10146 9791-9794 NN denotes PGC
T10148 9794-9795 HYPH denotes -
T10147 9795-9797 NN denotes 1α
T10150 9797-9798 SYM denotes −
T10151 9798-9799 HYPH denotes /
T10152 9799-9800 SYM denotes −
T10149 9801-9805 NNS denotes mice
T10153 9806-9807 -LRB- denotes (
T10155 9807-9818 JJ denotes unpublished
T10154 9819-9823 NNS denotes data
T10156 9823-9824 -RRB- denotes )
T10157 9824-9825 . denotes .
T10158 9825-11463 sentence denotes Figure 3 Abnormal Mitochondrial Phenotype in Slow-Twitch Skeletal Muscle of PGC-1α−/− Mice (A) Representative electron micrograph of soleus muscle from 1-mo-old female PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice. (B) Quantitative morphometric measurements of the cellular volume density for the mitochondrial (Mito) and myofibrillar (Myo) fractions based on analysis of electron micrographs (three sections from three animals per group). The bars represent mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+ values. (C) Gene expression data. The results of real-time PCR analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in various components of mitochondrial metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis: cytochrome C (Cyto c), ATP synthase β, Tfam, and cytochrome oxidase IV (COX IV). Eight littermate pairs were used for analysis at 1–2 mo of age and normalized to the WT value, which was assigned a value of 100, in each case. * p < 0.05 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+ values. (D) Mitochondrial respiration rates as determined by oxygen consumption (VO2) performed on saponin-permeabilized muscle strips prepared from soleus of PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice (as described in Materials and Methods). The results are based on six female animals in each group, using succinate as a substrate in the presence of rotenone. Mean values (± SEM) are shown for state 2 (basal), state 3 (ADP-stimulated), and state 4 respiration (presence of oligomycin). To determine whether mitochondrial function was altered in the skeletal muscle of PGC-1α−/− mice, mitochondrial respiration rates were measured using tissue strips prepared from soleus muscle.
T10159 11271-11273 TO denotes To
T10160 11274-11283 VB denotes determine
T10162 11284-11291 IN denotes whether
T10164 11292-11305 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T10165 11306-11314 NN denotes function
T10166 11315-11318 VBD denotes was
T10163 11319-11326 VBN denotes altered
T10167 11327-11329 IN denotes in
T10168 11330-11333 DT denotes the
T10170 11334-11342 JJ denotes skeletal
T10169 11343-11349 NN denotes muscle
T10171 11350-11352 IN denotes of
T10172 11353-11356 NN denotes PGC
T10174 11356-11357 HYPH denotes -
T10173 11357-11359 NN denotes 1α
T10176 11359-11360 SYM denotes −
T10177 11360-11361 HYPH denotes /
T10178 11361-11362 SYM denotes −
T10175 11363-11367 NNS denotes mice
T10179 11367-11369 , denotes ,
T10180 11369-11382 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T10182 11383-11394 NN denotes respiration
T10181 11395-11400 NNS denotes rates
T10183 11401-11405 VBD denotes were
T10161 11406-11414 VBN denotes measured
T10184 11415-11420 VBG denotes using
T10185 11421-11427 NN denotes tissue
T10186 11428-11434 NNS denotes strips
T10187 11435-11443 VBN denotes prepared
T10188 11444-11448 IN denotes from
T10189 11449-11455 NN denotes soleus
T10190 11456-11462 NN denotes muscle
T10191 11462-11463 . denotes .
T10192 11463-11638 sentence denotes In soleus of PGC-1α−/− mice, a significant defect in state 3 (ADP-stimulated) respiration, but not state 2 (basal), was detected using succinate as the substrate (Figure 3D).
T10193 11464-11466 IN denotes In
T10195 11467-11473 NN denotes soleus
T10196 11474-11476 IN denotes of
T10197 11477-11480 NN denotes PGC
T10199 11480-11481 HYPH denotes -
T10198 11481-11483 NN denotes 1α
T10201 11483-11484 SYM denotes −
T10202 11484-11485 HYPH denotes /
T10203 11485-11486 SYM denotes −
T10200 11487-11491 NNS denotes mice
T10204 11491-11493 , denotes ,
T10205 11493-11494 DT denotes a
T10207 11495-11506 JJ denotes significant
T10206 11507-11513 NN denotes defect
T10208 11514-11516 IN denotes in
T10209 11517-11522 NN denotes state
T10211 11523-11524 CD denotes 3
T10212 11525-11526 -LRB- denotes (
T10214 11526-11529 NN denotes ADP
T10215 11529-11530 HYPH denotes -
T10213 11530-11540 VBN denotes stimulated
T10216 11540-11541 -RRB- denotes )
T10210 11542-11553 NN denotes respiration
T10217 11553-11555 , denotes ,
T10218 11555-11558 CC denotes but
T10219 11559-11562 RB denotes not
T10220 11563-11568 NN denotes state
T10221 11569-11570 CD denotes 2
T10222 11571-11572 -LRB- denotes (
T10223 11572-11577 JJ denotes basal
T10224 11577-11578 -RRB- denotes )
T10225 11578-11580 , denotes ,
T10226 11580-11583 VBD denotes was
T10194 11584-11592 VBN denotes detected
T10227 11593-11598 VBG denotes using
T10228 11599-11608 NN denotes succinate
T10229 11609-11611 IN denotes as
T10230 11612-11615 DT denotes the
T10231 11616-11625 NN denotes substrate
T10232 11626-11627 -LRB- denotes (
T10234 11627-11633 NN denotes Figure
T10233 11634-11636 NN denotes 3D
T10235 11636-11637 -RRB- denotes )
T10236 11637-11638 . denotes .
T10237 11638-11848 sentence denotes State 4 respiration rates (in the presence of oligomycin) were also similar between the genotypes, indicating that the coupling of respiration to ATP production was not significantly altered in PGC-1α−/− mice.
T10238 11639-11644 NN denotes State
T10240 11645-11646 CD denotes 4
T10241 11647-11658 NN denotes respiration
T10239 11659-11664 NNS denotes rates
T10243 11665-11666 -LRB- denotes (
T10244 11666-11668 IN denotes in
T10245 11669-11672 DT denotes the
T10246 11673-11681 NN denotes presence
T10247 11682-11684 IN denotes of
T10248 11685-11695 NN denotes oligomycin
T10249 11695-11696 -RRB- denotes )
T10242 11697-11701 VBD denotes were
T10250 11702-11706 RB denotes also
T10251 11707-11714 JJ denotes similar
T10252 11715-11722 IN denotes between
T10253 11723-11726 DT denotes the
T10254 11727-11736 NNS denotes genotypes
T10255 11736-11738 , denotes ,
T10256 11738-11748 VBG denotes indicating
T10257 11749-11753 IN denotes that
T10259 11754-11757 DT denotes the
T10260 11758-11766 NN denotes coupling
T10261 11767-11769 IN denotes of
T10262 11770-11781 NN denotes respiration
T10263 11782-11784 IN denotes to
T10264 11785-11788 NN denotes ATP
T10265 11789-11799 NN denotes production
T10266 11800-11803 VBD denotes was
T10267 11804-11807 RB denotes not
T10268 11808-11821 RB denotes significantly
T10258 11822-11829 VBN denotes altered
T10269 11830-11832 IN denotes in
T10270 11833-11836 NN denotes PGC
T10272 11836-11837 HYPH denotes -
T10271 11837-11839 NN denotes 1α
T10274 11839-11840 SYM denotes −
T10275 11840-11841 HYPH denotes /
T10276 11841-11842 SYM denotes −
T10273 11843-11847 NNS denotes mice
T10277 11847-11848 . denotes .
T10278 11848-11952 sentence denotes These results are consistent with the modest but significant reduction in mitochondrial volume density.
T10279 11849-11854 DT denotes These
T10280 11855-11862 NNS denotes results
T10281 11863-11866 VBP denotes are
T10282 11867-11877 JJ denotes consistent
T10283 11878-11882 IN denotes with
T10284 11883-11886 DT denotes the
T10286 11887-11893 JJ denotes modest
T10287 11894-11897 CC denotes but
T10288 11898-11909 JJ denotes significant
T10285 11910-11919 NN denotes reduction
T10289 11920-11922 IN denotes in
T10290 11923-11936 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T10292 11937-11943 NN denotes volume
T10291 11944-11951 NN denotes density
T10293 11951-11952 . denotes .
T12484 11954-11961 VBN denotes Altered
T12486 11962-11970 JJ denotes Skeletal
T12487 11971-11977 NN denotes Muscle
T12485 11978-11986 NN denotes Function
T12488 11987-11989 IN denotes in
T12489 11990-11993 NN denotes PGC
T12491 11993-11994 HYPH denotes -
T12490 11994-11996 NN denotes 1α
T12493 11996-11997 SYM denotes −
T12494 11997-11998 HYPH denotes /
T12495 11998-11999 SYM denotes −
T12492 12000-12004 NNS denotes Mice
T12496 12004-12146 sentence denotes The abnormality in mitochondrial number and respiratory function in skeletal muscle led us to further evaluate the skeletal muscle phenotype.
T12497 12005-12008 DT denotes The
T12498 12009-12020 NN denotes abnormality
T12500 12021-12023 IN denotes in
T12501 12024-12037 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T12502 12038-12044 NN denotes number
T12503 12045-12048 CC denotes and
T12504 12049-12060 JJ denotes respiratory
T12505 12061-12069 NN denotes function
T12506 12070-12072 IN denotes in
T12507 12073-12081 JJ denotes skeletal
T12508 12082-12088 NN denotes muscle
T12499 12089-12092 VBD denotes led
T12509 12093-12095 PRP denotes us
T12510 12096-12098 TO denotes to
T12512 12099-12106 RB denotes further
T12511 12107-12115 VB denotes evaluate
T12513 12116-12119 DT denotes the
T12515 12120-12128 JJ denotes skeletal
T12516 12129-12135 NN denotes muscle
T12514 12136-12145 NN denotes phenotype
T12517 12145-12146 . denotes .
T12518 12146-12264 sentence denotes As an initial step, we measured locomotor activity levels over a 1-h period using a high-resolution photobeam system.
T12519 12147-12149 IN denotes As
T12521 12150-12152 DT denotes an
T12523 12153-12160 JJ denotes initial
T12522 12161-12165 NN denotes step
T12524 12165-12167 , denotes ,
T12525 12167-12169 PRP denotes we
T12520 12170-12178 VBD denotes measured
T12526 12179-12188 NN denotes locomotor
T12528 12189-12197 NN denotes activity
T12527 12198-12204 NNS denotes levels
T12529 12205-12209 IN denotes over
T12530 12210-12211 DT denotes a
T12532 12212-12213 CD denotes 1
T12534 12213-12214 HYPH denotes -
T12533 12214-12215 NN denotes h
T12531 12216-12222 NN denotes period
T12535 12223-12228 VBG denotes using
T12536 12229-12230 DT denotes a
T12538 12231-12235 JJ denotes high
T12540 12235-12236 HYPH denotes -
T12539 12236-12246 NN denotes resolution
T12541 12247-12256 NN denotes photobeam
T12537 12257-12263 NN denotes system
T12542 12263-12264 . denotes .
T12543 12264-12431 sentence denotes PGC-1α−/− male mice exhibited a significantly lower mean number of ambulations and rearings during the hour compared to the PGC-1α+/+ age-matched controls (Figure 4).
T12544 12265-12268 NN denotes PGC
T12546 12268-12269 HYPH denotes -
T12545 12269-12271 NN denotes 1α
T12548 12271-12272 SYM denotes −
T12549 12272-12273 HYPH denotes /
T12550 12273-12274 SYM denotes −
T12551 12275-12279 JJ denotes male
T12547 12280-12284 NNS denotes mice
T12552 12285-12294 VBD denotes exhibited
T12553 12295-12296 DT denotes a
T12555 12297-12310 RB denotes significantly
T12556 12311-12316 JJR denotes lower
T12557 12317-12321 JJ denotes mean
T12554 12322-12328 NN denotes number
T12558 12329-12331 IN denotes of
T12559 12332-12343 NNS denotes ambulations
T12560 12344-12347 CC denotes and
T12561 12348-12356 NNS denotes rearings
T12562 12357-12363 IN denotes during
T12563 12364-12367 DT denotes the
T12564 12368-12372 NN denotes hour
T12565 12373-12381 VBN denotes compared
T12566 12382-12384 IN denotes to
T12567 12385-12388 DT denotes the
T12569 12389-12392 NN denotes PGC
T12571 12392-12393 HYPH denotes -
T12570 12393-12395 NN denotes 1α
T12572 12395-12396 SYM denotes +
T12573 12396-12397 HYPH denotes /
T12574 12397-12398 SYM denotes +
T12575 12399-12402 NN denotes age
T12577 12402-12403 HYPH denotes -
T12576 12403-12410 VBN denotes matched
T12568 12411-12419 NNS denotes controls
T12578 12420-12421 -LRB- denotes (
T12579 12421-12427 NN denotes Figure
T12580 12428-12429 CD denotes 4
T12581 12429-12430 -RRB- denotes )
T12582 12430-12431 . denotes .
T12583 12431-12581 sentence denotes However, an analysis of exploratory behavior showed that the PGC-1α−/− mice were reluctant to go into the center of the “field” compared to controls.
T12584 12432-12439 RB denotes However
T12586 12439-12441 , denotes ,
T12587 12441-12443 DT denotes an
T12588 12444-12452 NN denotes analysis
T12589 12453-12455 IN denotes of
T12590 12456-12467 JJ denotes exploratory
T12591 12468-12476 NN denotes behavior
T12585 12477-12483 VBD denotes showed
T12592 12484-12488 IN denotes that
T12594 12489-12492 DT denotes the
T12596 12493-12496 NN denotes PGC
T12598 12496-12497 HYPH denotes -
T12597 12497-12499 NN denotes 1α
T12599 12499-12500 SYM denotes −
T12600 12500-12501 HYPH denotes /
T12601 12501-12502 SYM denotes −
T12595 12503-12507 NNS denotes mice
T12593 12508-12512 VBD denotes were
T12602 12513-12522 JJ denotes reluctant
T12603 12523-12525 TO denotes to
T12604 12526-12528 VB denotes go
T12605 12529-12533 IN denotes into
T12606 12534-12537 DT denotes the
T12607 12538-12544 NN denotes center
T12608 12545-12547 IN denotes of
T12609 12548-12551 DT denotes the
T12611 12552-12553 `` denotes “
T12610 12553-12558 NN denotes field
T12612 12558-12559 '' denotes ”
T12613 12560-12568 VBN denotes compared
T12614 12569-12571 IN denotes to
T12615 12572-12580 NNS denotes controls
T12616 12580-12581 . denotes .
T12617 12581-12905 sentence denotes Specifically, PGC-1α−/− mice made significantly fewer entries into, spent significantly less time in, and traveled a significantly shorter distance in the central area of the “field,” although differences in distance traveled in the peripheral zone of the “field” was not significantly different between groups (Figure S2).
T12618 12582-12594 RB denotes Specifically
T12620 12594-12596 , denotes ,
T12621 12596-12599 NN denotes PGC
T12623 12599-12600 HYPH denotes -
T12622 12600-12602 NN denotes 1α
T12625 12602-12603 SYM denotes −
T12626 12603-12604 HYPH denotes /
T12627 12604-12605 SYM denotes −
T12624 12606-12610 NNS denotes mice
T12628 12611-12615 VBD denotes made
T12629 12616-12629 RB denotes significantly
T12630 12630-12635 JJR denotes fewer
T12631 12636-12643 NNS denotes entries
T12632 12644-12648 IN denotes into
T12633 12648-12650 , denotes ,
T12634 12650-12655 VBD denotes spent
T12635 12656-12669 RB denotes significantly
T12636 12670-12674 JJR denotes less
T12637 12675-12679 NN denotes time
T12638 12680-12682 IN denotes in
T12639 12682-12684 , denotes ,
T12640 12684-12687 CC denotes and
T12641 12688-12696 VBD denotes traveled
T12642 12697-12698 DT denotes a
T12644 12699-12712 RB denotes significantly
T12645 12713-12720 JJR denotes shorter
T12643 12721-12729 NN denotes distance
T12646 12730-12732 IN denotes in
T12647 12733-12736 DT denotes the
T12649 12737-12744 JJ denotes central
T12648 12745-12749 NN denotes area
T12650 12750-12752 IN denotes of
T12651 12753-12756 DT denotes the
T12652 12757-12758 `` denotes “
T12619 12758-12763 NN denotes field
T12653 12763-12764 , denotes ,
T12654 12764-12765 '' denotes ”
T12655 12766-12774 IN denotes although
T12657 12775-12786 NNS denotes differences
T12658 12787-12789 IN denotes in
T12659 12790-12798 NN denotes distance
T12660 12799-12807 VBN denotes traveled
T12661 12808-12810 IN denotes in
T12662 12811-12814 DT denotes the
T12664 12815-12825 JJ denotes peripheral
T12663 12826-12830 NN denotes zone
T12665 12831-12833 IN denotes of
T12666 12834-12837 DT denotes the
T12668 12838-12839 `` denotes “
T12667 12839-12844 NN denotes field
T12669 12844-12845 '' denotes ”
T12656 12846-12849 VBD denotes was
T12670 12850-12853 RB denotes not
T12671 12854-12867 RB denotes significantly
T12672 12868-12877 JJ denotes different
T12673 12878-12885 IN denotes between
T12674 12886-12892 NNS denotes groups
T12675 12893-12894 -LRB- denotes (
T12677 12894-12900 NN denotes Figure
T12676 12901-12903 NN denotes S2
T12678 12903-12904 -RRB- denotes )
T12679 12904-12905 . denotes .
T12680 12905-13173 sentence denotes These data suggest that the general activity level may have been affected by the reluctance of the PGC-1α−/− mice to go into the central area of the field and thus remain in the periphery (thigmotaxis), possibly reflecting altered emotionality such as increased fear.
T12681 12906-12911 DT denotes These
T12682 12912-12916 NNS denotes data
T12683 12917-12924 VBP denotes suggest
T12684 12925-12929 IN denotes that
T12686 12930-12933 DT denotes the
T12688 12934-12941 JJ denotes general
T12689 12942-12950 NN denotes activity
T12687 12951-12956 NN denotes level
T12690 12957-12960 MD denotes may
T12691 12961-12965 VB denotes have
T12692 12966-12970 VBN denotes been
T12685 12971-12979 VBN denotes affected
T12693 12980-12982 IN denotes by
T12694 12983-12986 DT denotes the
T12695 12987-12997 NN denotes reluctance
T12696 12998-13000 IN denotes of
T12697 13001-13004 DT denotes the
T12699 13005-13008 NN denotes PGC
T12701 13008-13009 HYPH denotes -
T12700 13009-13011 NN denotes 1α
T12702 13011-13012 SYM denotes −
T12703 13012-13013 HYPH denotes /
T12704 13013-13014 SYM denotes −
T12698 13015-13019 NNS denotes mice
T12705 13020-13022 TO denotes to
T12706 13023-13025 VB denotes go
T12707 13026-13030 IN denotes into
T12708 13031-13034 DT denotes the
T12710 13035-13042 JJ denotes central
T12709 13043-13047 NN denotes area
T12711 13048-13050 IN denotes of
T12712 13051-13054 DT denotes the
T12713 13055-13060 NN denotes field
T12714 13061-13064 CC denotes and
T12715 13065-13069 RB denotes thus
T12716 13070-13076 VB denotes remain
T12717 13077-13079 IN denotes in
T12718 13080-13083 DT denotes the
T12719 13084-13093 NN denotes periphery
T12720 13094-13095 -LRB- denotes (
T12721 13095-13106 NN denotes thigmotaxis
T12722 13106-13107 -RRB- denotes )
T12723 13107-13109 , denotes ,
T12724 13109-13117 RB denotes possibly
T12725 13118-13128 VBG denotes reflecting
T12726 13129-13136 VBN denotes altered
T12727 13137-13149 NN denotes emotionality
T12728 13150-13154 JJ denotes such
T12729 13155-13157 IN denotes as
T12730 13158-13167 VBN denotes increased
T12731 13168-13172 NN denotes fear
T12732 13172-13173 . denotes .
T12733 13173-14715 sentence denotes Figure 4 PGC-1α−/− Mice Exhibit an Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Functional Phenotype (A) Measures of general activity and muscle strength. General activity levels were measured in 3.5-mo-old male PGC-1α+/+ (n = 8) and PGC-1α−/− (n = 11) mice using a photobeam system as described in Materials and Methods. Total ambulations (left graph), and rearings (center graph) provide a general measure of locomotor activity. Time spent on an inverted screen (right graph) represents a general measure of extremity muscle strength. The results from two trials are shown. * p < 0.05 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+. (B) Exercise studies. Male 6–8-mo-old PGC-1α−/− and PGC-1α+/+ mice were subjected to a run-to-exhaustion protocol on a motorized treadmill (left graph) as described in Materials and Methods. * p < 0.001 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+ values. VO2max measurements were determined for 2-mo-old male mice for each genotype using a motorized treadmill at an elevation of 150 m and indirect calorimetry set-up (right graph) as described in Materials and Methods. * p < 0.05 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+ values. (C) Time course of fatigue following repeated stimulation of soleus muscle is shown for 4-mo-old male PGC-1α−/− (n = 5) and PGC-1α+/+ (n = 5) mice (left graph). The mean percent force remaining at 2 min (Fatigue Resistance Index) is shown (right graph). * p < 0.05 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+ values. A battery of tests was performed to further evaluate the general sensorimotor phenotype of the PGC-1α−/− mice.
T12734 14605-14606 DT denotes A
T12735 14607-14614 NN denotes battery
T12737 14615-14617 IN denotes of
T12738 14618-14623 NNS denotes tests
T12739 14624-14627 VBD denotes was
T12736 14628-14637 VBN denotes performed
T12740 14638-14640 TO denotes to
T12742 14641-14648 RB denotes further
T12741 14649-14657 VB denotes evaluate
T12743 14658-14661 DT denotes the
T12745 14662-14669 JJ denotes general
T12746 14670-14682 NN denotes sensorimotor
T12744 14683-14692 NN denotes phenotype
T12747 14693-14695 IN denotes of
T12748 14696-14699 DT denotes the
T12750 14700-14703 NN denotes PGC
T12752 14703-14704 HYPH denotes -
T12751 14704-14706 NN denotes 1α
T12753 14706-14707 SYM denotes −
T12754 14707-14708 HYPH denotes /
T12755 14708-14709 SYM denotes −
T12749 14710-14714 NNS denotes mice
T12756 14714-14715 . denotes .
T12757 14715-14971 sentence denotes No differences were found between PGC-1α−/− mice and PGC-1α+/+ controls on the ledge, platform, walking initiation, and 60° and 90° inclined screen tests (unpublished data), suggesting that several sensorimotor functions were intact in the PGC-1α−/− mice.
T12758 14716-14718 DT denotes No
T12759 14719-14730 NNS denotes differences
T12761 14731-14735 VBD denotes were
T12760 14736-14741 VBN denotes found
T12762 14742-14749 IN denotes between
T12763 14750-14753 NN denotes PGC
T12765 14753-14754 HYPH denotes -
T12764 14754-14756 NN denotes 1α
T12767 14756-14757 SYM denotes −
T12768 14757-14758 HYPH denotes /
T12769 14758-14759 SYM denotes −
T12766 14760-14764 NNS denotes mice
T12770 14765-14768 CC denotes and
T12771 14769-14772 NN denotes PGC
T12773 14772-14773 HYPH denotes -
T12772 14773-14775 NN denotes 1α
T12775 14775-14776 SYM denotes +
T12776 14776-14777 HYPH denotes /
T12777 14777-14778 SYM denotes +
T12774 14779-14787 NNS denotes controls
T12778 14788-14790 IN denotes on
T12779 14791-14794 DT denotes the
T12781 14795-14800 NN denotes ledge
T12782 14800-14802 , denotes ,
T12783 14802-14810 NN denotes platform
T12784 14810-14812 , denotes ,
T12785 14812-14819 NN denotes walking
T12786 14820-14830 NN denotes initiation
T12787 14830-14832 , denotes ,
T12788 14832-14835 CC denotes and
T12789 14836-14838 CD denotes 60
T12790 14838-14839 NN denotes °
T12792 14840-14843 CC denotes and
T12793 14844-14846 CD denotes 90
T12794 14846-14847 NN denotes °
T12795 14848-14856 VBN denotes inclined
T12791 14857-14863 NN denotes screen
T12780 14864-14869 NNS denotes tests
T12796 14870-14871 -LRB- denotes (
T12798 14871-14882 JJ denotes unpublished
T12797 14883-14887 NNS denotes data
T12799 14887-14888 -RRB- denotes )
T12800 14888-14890 , denotes ,
T12801 14890-14900 VBG denotes suggesting
T12802 14901-14905 IN denotes that
T12804 14906-14913 JJ denotes several
T12806 14914-14926 NN denotes sensorimotor
T12805 14927-14936 NNS denotes functions
T12803 14937-14941 VBD denotes were
T12807 14942-14948 JJ denotes intact
T12808 14949-14951 IN denotes in
T12809 14952-14955 DT denotes the
T12811 14956-14959 NN denotes PGC
T12813 14959-14960 HYPH denotes -
T12812 14960-14962 NN denotes 1α
T12814 14962-14963 SYM denotes −
T12815 14963-14964 HYPH denotes /
T12816 14964-14965 SYM denotes −
T12810 14966-14970 NNS denotes mice
T12817 14970-14971 . denotes .
T12818 14971-15094 sentence denotes However, the PGC-1α−/− mice were unable to remain on an inverted screen for as long as the PGC-1α+/+ controls (Figure 4A).
T12819 14972-14979 RB denotes However
T12821 14979-14981 , denotes ,
T12822 14981-14984 DT denotes the
T12824 14985-14988 NN denotes PGC
T12826 14988-14989 HYPH denotes -
T12825 14989-14991 NN denotes 1α
T12827 14991-14992 SYM denotes −
T12828 14992-14993 HYPH denotes /
T12829 14993-14994 SYM denotes −
T12823 14995-14999 NNS denotes mice
T12820 15000-15004 VBD denotes were
T12830 15005-15011 JJ denotes unable
T12831 15012-15014 TO denotes to
T12832 15015-15021 VB denotes remain
T12833 15022-15024 IN denotes on
T12834 15025-15027 DT denotes an
T12836 15028-15036 VBN denotes inverted
T12835 15037-15043 NN denotes screen
T12837 15044-15047 IN denotes for
T12838 15048-15050 RB denotes as
T12839 15051-15055 RB denotes long
T12840 15056-15058 IN denotes as
T12841 15059-15062 DT denotes the
T12843 15063-15066 NN denotes PGC
T12845 15066-15067 HYPH denotes -
T12844 15067-15069 NN denotes 1α
T12846 15069-15070 SYM denotes +
T12847 15070-15071 HYPH denotes /
T12848 15071-15072 SYM denotes +
T12842 15073-15081 NNS denotes controls
T12849 15082-15083 -LRB- denotes (
T12851 15083-15089 NN denotes Figure
T12850 15090-15092 NN denotes 4A
T12852 15092-15093 -RRB- denotes )
T12853 15093-15094 . denotes .
T12854 15094-15368 sentence denotes Since the groups did not differ on the times it took to turn around and climb to the top of 60° and 90° inclined screens, the differences on the inverted screen test suggest that impaired strength rather than deficits in coordination were responsible for these differences.
T12855 15095-15100 IN denotes Since
T12857 15101-15104 DT denotes the
T12858 15105-15111 NNS denotes groups
T12859 15112-15115 VBD denotes did
T12860 15116-15119 RB denotes not
T12856 15120-15126 VB denotes differ
T12862 15127-15129 IN denotes on
T12863 15130-15133 DT denotes the
T12864 15134-15139 NNS denotes times
T12865 15140-15142 PRP denotes it
T12866 15143-15147 VBD denotes took
T12867 15148-15150 TO denotes to
T12868 15151-15155 VB denotes turn
T12869 15156-15162 RB denotes around
T12870 15163-15166 CC denotes and
T12871 15167-15172 VB denotes climb
T12872 15173-15175 IN denotes to
T12873 15176-15179 DT denotes the
T12874 15180-15183 NN denotes top
T12875 15184-15186 IN denotes of
T12876 15187-15189 CD denotes 60
T12877 15189-15190 NN denotes °
T12879 15191-15194 CC denotes and
T12880 15195-15197 CD denotes 90
T12881 15197-15198 NN denotes °
T12882 15199-15207 VBN denotes inclined
T12878 15208-15215 NNS denotes screens
T12883 15215-15217 , denotes ,
T12884 15217-15220 DT denotes the
T12885 15221-15232 NNS denotes differences
T12886 15233-15235 IN denotes on
T12887 15236-15239 DT denotes the
T12889 15240-15248 VBN denotes inverted
T12890 15249-15255 NN denotes screen
T12888 15256-15260 NN denotes test
T12861 15261-15268 VBP denotes suggest
T12891 15269-15273 IN denotes that
T12893 15274-15282 JJ denotes impaired
T12894 15283-15291 NN denotes strength
T12895 15292-15298 RB denotes rather
T12896 15299-15303 IN denotes than
T12897 15304-15312 NNS denotes deficits
T12898 15313-15315 IN denotes in
T12899 15316-15328 NN denotes coordination
T12892 15329-15333 VBD denotes were
T12900 15334-15345 JJ denotes responsible
T12901 15346-15349 IN denotes for
T12902 15350-15355 DT denotes these
T12903 15356-15367 NNS denotes differences
T12904 15367-15368 . denotes .
T12905 15368-15473 sentence denotes To further evaluate the skeletal muscle phenotype, exercise capacity was assessed in the PGC-1α−/− mice.
T12906 15369-15371 TO denotes To
T12908 15372-15379 RB denotes further
T12907 15380-15388 VB denotes evaluate
T12910 15389-15392 DT denotes the
T12912 15393-15401 JJ denotes skeletal
T12913 15402-15408 NN denotes muscle
T12911 15409-15418 NN denotes phenotype
T12914 15418-15420 , denotes ,
T12915 15420-15428 NN denotes exercise
T12916 15429-15437 NN denotes capacity
T12917 15438-15441 VBD denotes was
T12909 15442-15450 VBN denotes assessed
T12918 15451-15453 IN denotes in
T12919 15454-15457 DT denotes the
T12921 15458-15461 NN denotes PGC
T12923 15461-15462 HYPH denotes -
T12922 15462-15464 NN denotes 1α
T12924 15464-15465 SYM denotes −
T12925 15465-15466 HYPH denotes /
T12926 15466-15467 SYM denotes −
T12920 15468-15472 NNS denotes mice
T12927 15472-15473 . denotes .
T12928 15473-15589 sentence denotes To this end, the PGC-1α−/− mice were exercised on a motorized treadmill apparatus using a run-to-exhaustion format.
T12929 15474-15476 IN denotes To
T12931 15477-15481 DT denotes this
T12932 15482-15485 NN denotes end
T12933 15485-15487 , denotes ,
T12934 15487-15490 DT denotes the
T12936 15491-15494 NN denotes PGC
T12938 15494-15495 HYPH denotes -
T12937 15495-15497 NN denotes 1α
T12939 15497-15498 SYM denotes −
T12940 15498-15499 HYPH denotes /
T12941 15499-15500 SYM denotes −
T12935 15501-15505 NNS denotes mice
T12942 15506-15510 VBD denotes were
T12930 15511-15520 VBN denotes exercised
T12943 15521-15523 IN denotes on
T12944 15524-15525 DT denotes a
T12946 15526-15535 VBN denotes motorized
T12947 15536-15545 NN denotes treadmill
T12945 15546-15555 NN denotes apparatus
T12948 15556-15561 VBG denotes using
T12949 15562-15563 DT denotes a
T12951 15564-15567 VB denotes run
T12952 15567-15568 HYPH denotes -
T12953 15568-15570 IN denotes to
T12954 15570-15571 HYPH denotes -
T12955 15571-15581 NN denotes exhaustion
T12950 15582-15588 NN denotes format
T12956 15588-15589 . denotes .
T12957 15589-15766 sentence denotes PGC-1α−/− mice (6–8 mo of age) exhibited a markedly reduced capacity to sustain running exercise (PGC-1α−/− mice, 64 ± 6 s; age-matched PGC-1α+/+ mice, 586 ± 104 s; Figure 4B).
T12958 15590-15593 NN denotes PGC
T12960 15593-15594 HYPH denotes -
T12959 15594-15596 NN denotes 1α
T12962 15596-15597 SYM denotes −
T12963 15597-15598 HYPH denotes /
T12964 15598-15599 SYM denotes −
T12961 15600-15604 NNS denotes mice
T12966 15605-15606 -LRB- denotes (
T12967 15606-15607 CD denotes 6
T12969 15607-15608 SYM denotes –
T12968 15608-15609 CD denotes 8
T12970 15610-15612 NN denotes mo
T12971 15613-15615 IN denotes of
T12972 15616-15619 NN denotes age
T12973 15619-15620 -RRB- denotes )
T12965 15621-15630 VBD denotes exhibited
T12974 15631-15632 DT denotes a
T12976 15633-15641 RB denotes markedly
T12977 15642-15649 JJ denotes reduced
T12975 15650-15658 NN denotes capacity
T12978 15659-15661 TO denotes to
T12979 15662-15669 VB denotes sustain
T12980 15670-15677 NN denotes running
T12981 15678-15686 NN denotes exercise
T12982 15687-15688 -LRB- denotes (
T12984 15688-15691 NN denotes PGC
T12986 15691-15692 HYPH denotes -
T12985 15692-15694 NN denotes 1α
T12988 15694-15695 SYM denotes −
T12989 15695-15696 HYPH denotes /
T12990 15696-15697 SYM denotes −
T12987 15698-15702 NNS denotes mice
T12992 15702-15704 , denotes ,
T12993 15704-15706 CD denotes 64
T12995 15707-15708 SYM denotes ±
T12994 15709-15710 CD denotes 6
T12991 15711-15712 NN denotes s
T12996 15712-15713 : denotes ;
T12997 15714-15717 NN denotes age
T12999 15717-15718 HYPH denotes -
T12998 15718-15725 VBN denotes matched
T13001 15726-15729 NN denotes PGC
T13003 15729-15730 HYPH denotes -
T13002 15730-15732 NN denotes 1α
T13004 15732-15733 SYM denotes +
T13005 15733-15734 HYPH denotes /
T13006 15734-15735 SYM denotes +
T13000 15736-15740 NNS denotes mice
T13008 15740-15742 , denotes ,
T13009 15742-15745 CD denotes 586
T13011 15746-15747 SYM denotes ±
T13010 15748-15751 CD denotes 104
T13007 15752-15753 NN denotes s
T13012 15753-15754 : denotes ;
T13013 15755-15761 NN denotes Figure
T12983 15762-15764 NN denotes 4B
T13014 15764-15765 -RRB- denotes )
T13015 15765-15766 . denotes .
T13016 15766-15867 sentence denotes The same result was obtained with younger PGC-1α−/− mice, i.e., at 3.5 mo of age (unpublished data).
T13017 15767-15770 DT denotes The
T13019 15771-15775 JJ denotes same
T13018 15776-15782 NN denotes result
T13021 15783-15786 VBD denotes was
T13020 15787-15795 VBN denotes obtained
T13022 15796-15800 IN denotes with
T13023 15801-15808 JJR denotes younger
T13025 15809-15812 NN denotes PGC
T13027 15812-15813 HYPH denotes -
T13026 15813-15815 NN denotes 1α
T13028 15815-15816 SYM denotes −
T13029 15816-15817 HYPH denotes /
T13030 15817-15818 SYM denotes −
T13024 15819-15823 NNS denotes mice
T13031 15823-15825 , denotes ,
T13032 15825-15829 FW denotes i.e.
T13034 15829-15831 , denotes ,
T13033 15831-15833 IN denotes at
T13035 15834-15837 CD denotes 3.5
T13036 15838-15840 NN denotes mo
T13037 15841-15843 IN denotes of
T13038 15844-15847 NN denotes age
T13039 15848-15849 -LRB- denotes (
T13041 15849-15860 JJ denotes unpublished
T13040 15861-15865 NNS denotes data
T13042 15865-15866 -RRB- denotes )
T13043 15866-15867 . denotes .
T13044 15867-16093 sentence denotes To quantify aerobic exercise capacity, VO2max (maximum oxygen consumption, measured in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute) was measured with the treadmill-running protocol using indirect calorimetry.
T13045 15868-15870 TO denotes To
T13046 15871-15879 VB denotes quantify
T13048 15880-15887 JJ denotes aerobic
T13050 15888-15896 NN denotes exercise
T13049 15897-15905 NN denotes capacity
T13051 15905-15907 , denotes ,
T13052 15907-15913 NN denotes VO2max
T13053 15914-15915 -LRB- denotes (
T13054 15915-15922 NN denotes maximum
T13056 15923-15929 NN denotes oxygen
T13055 15930-15941 NN denotes consumption
T13057 15941-15943 , denotes ,
T13058 15943-15951 VBN denotes measured
T13059 15952-15954 IN denotes in
T13060 15955-15966 NNS denotes milliliters
T13061 15967-15969 IN denotes of
T13062 15970-15976 NN denotes oxygen
T13063 15977-15980 IN denotes per
T13064 15981-15989 NN denotes kilogram
T13065 15990-15992 IN denotes of
T13066 15993-15997 NN denotes body
T13067 15998-16004 NN denotes weight
T13068 16005-16008 IN denotes per
T13069 16009-16015 NN denotes minute
T13070 16015-16016 -RRB- denotes )
T13071 16017-16020 VBD denotes was
T13047 16021-16029 VBN denotes measured
T13072 16030-16034 IN denotes with
T13073 16035-16038 DT denotes the
T13075 16039-16048 NN denotes treadmill
T13076 16048-16049 HYPH denotes -
T13077 16049-16056 VBG denotes running
T13074 16057-16065 NN denotes protocol
T13078 16066-16071 VBG denotes using
T13079 16072-16080 JJ denotes indirect
T13080 16081-16092 NN denotes calorimetry
T13081 16092-16093 . denotes .
T13082 16093-16261 sentence denotes VO2max was significantly lower for the PGC-1α−/− mice (120.9 ± 2.0 ml O2 · kg−1 · min−1) compared to PGC-1α+/+ controls (141.6 ± 2.1 ml O2 · kg−1 · min−1) (Figure 4B).
T13083 16094-16100 NN denotes VO2max
T13084 16101-16104 VBD denotes was
T13085 16105-16118 RB denotes significantly
T13086 16119-16124 JJR denotes lower
T13087 16125-16128 IN denotes for
T13088 16129-16132 DT denotes the
T13090 16133-16136 NN denotes PGC
T13092 16136-16137 HYPH denotes -
T13091 16137-16139 NN denotes 1α
T13093 16139-16140 SYM denotes −
T13094 16140-16141 HYPH denotes /
T13095 16141-16142 SYM denotes −
T13089 16143-16147 NNS denotes mice
T13096 16148-16149 -LRB- denotes (
T13098 16149-16154 CD denotes 120.9
T13100 16155-16156 SYM denotes ±
T13099 16157-16160 CD denotes 2.0
T13101 16161-16163 NN denotes ml
T13097 16164-16166 NN denotes O2
T13102 16167-16168 SYM denotes ·
T13103 16169-16171 NN denotes kg
T13104 16171-16172 SYM denotes −
T13105 16172-16173 CD denotes 1
T13106 16174-16175 SYM denotes ·
T13107 16176-16179 NN denotes min
T13108 16179-16180 SYM denotes −
T13109 16180-16181 CD denotes 1
T13110 16181-16182 -RRB- denotes )
T13111 16183-16191 VBN denotes compared
T13112 16192-16194 IN denotes to
T13113 16195-16198 NN denotes PGC
T13115 16198-16199 HYPH denotes -
T13114 16199-16201 NN denotes 1α
T13117 16201-16202 SYM denotes +
T13118 16202-16203 HYPH denotes /
T13119 16203-16204 SYM denotes +
T13116 16205-16213 NNS denotes controls
T13120 16214-16215 -LRB- denotes (
T13122 16215-16220 CD denotes 141.6
T13124 16221-16222 SYM denotes ±
T13123 16223-16226 CD denotes 2.1
T13125 16227-16229 NN denotes ml
T13121 16230-16232 NN denotes O2
T13126 16233-16234 SYM denotes ·
T13127 16235-16237 NN denotes kg
T13128 16237-16238 SYM denotes −
T13129 16238-16239 CD denotes 1
T13130 16240-16241 SYM denotes ·
T13131 16242-16245 NN denotes min
T13132 16245-16246 SYM denotes −
T13133 16246-16247 CD denotes 1
T13134 16247-16248 -RRB- denotes )
T13135 16249-16250 -LRB- denotes (
T13137 16250-16256 NN denotes Figure
T13136 16257-16259 NN denotes 4B
T13138 16259-16260 -RRB- denotes )
T13139 16260-16261 . denotes .
T13140 16261-16390 sentence denotes To directly evaluate muscle fatigability, the force response to repetitive stimulation of isolated soleus muscle was determined.
T13141 16262-16264 TO denotes To
T13143 16265-16273 RB denotes directly
T13142 16274-16282 VB denotes evaluate
T13145 16283-16289 NN denotes muscle
T13146 16290-16302 NN denotes fatigability
T13147 16302-16304 , denotes ,
T13148 16304-16307 DT denotes the
T13150 16308-16313 NN denotes force
T13149 16314-16322 NN denotes response
T13151 16323-16325 IN denotes to
T13152 16326-16336 JJ denotes repetitive
T13153 16337-16348 NN denotes stimulation
T13154 16349-16351 IN denotes of
T13155 16352-16360 VBN denotes isolated
T13157 16361-16367 NN denotes soleus
T13156 16368-16374 NN denotes muscle
T13158 16375-16378 VBD denotes was
T13144 16379-16389 VBN denotes determined
T13159 16389-16390 . denotes .
T13160 16390-16498 sentence denotes The capacity to generate force following a series of tetani is dependent upon mitochondrial ATP production.
T13161 16391-16394 DT denotes The
T13162 16395-16403 NN denotes capacity
T13164 16404-16406 TO denotes to
T13165 16407-16415 VB denotes generate
T13166 16416-16421 NN denotes force
T13167 16422-16431 VBG denotes following
T13168 16432-16433 DT denotes a
T13169 16434-16440 NN denotes series
T13170 16441-16443 IN denotes of
T13171 16444-16450 NNS denotes tetani
T13163 16451-16453 VBZ denotes is
T13172 16454-16463 JJ denotes dependent
T13173 16464-16468 IN denotes upon
T13174 16469-16482 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T13176 16483-16486 NN denotes ATP
T13175 16487-16497 NN denotes production
T13177 16497-16498 . denotes .
T13178 16498-16658 sentence denotes During the initial phase of the stimulation period, there was no difference in force generation in muscles isolated from PGC-1α−/− mice and PGC-1α+/+ controls.
T13179 16499-16505 IN denotes During
T13181 16506-16509 DT denotes the
T13183 16510-16517 JJ denotes initial
T13182 16518-16523 NN denotes phase
T13184 16524-16526 IN denotes of
T13185 16527-16530 DT denotes the
T13187 16531-16542 NN denotes stimulation
T13186 16543-16549 NN denotes period
T13188 16549-16551 , denotes ,
T13189 16551-16556 EX denotes there
T13180 16557-16560 VBD denotes was
T13190 16561-16563 DT denotes no
T13191 16564-16574 NN denotes difference
T13192 16575-16577 IN denotes in
T13193 16578-16583 NN denotes force
T13194 16584-16594 NN denotes generation
T13195 16595-16597 IN denotes in
T13196 16598-16605 NNS denotes muscles
T13197 16606-16614 VBN denotes isolated
T13198 16615-16619 IN denotes from
T13199 16620-16623 NN denotes PGC
T13201 16623-16624 HYPH denotes -
T13200 16624-16626 NN denotes 1α
T13203 16626-16627 SYM denotes −
T13204 16627-16628 HYPH denotes /
T13205 16628-16629 SYM denotes −
T13202 16630-16634 NNS denotes mice
T13206 16635-16638 CC denotes and
T13207 16639-16642 NN denotes PGC
T13209 16642-16643 HYPH denotes -
T13208 16643-16645 NN denotes 1α
T13211 16645-16646 SYM denotes +
T13212 16646-16647 HYPH denotes /
T13213 16647-16648 SYM denotes +
T13210 16649-16657 NNS denotes controls
T13214 16657-16658 . denotes .
T13215 16658-16913 sentence denotes However, fatigue resistance index, defined as the percent of initial force generated following a 2-min series of fatiguing contractions, was significantly lower in the PGC-1α−/− mice (14.6 ± 1.5%) compared to PGC-1α+/+ controls (24.8 ± 2.9%) (Figure 4C).
T13216 16659-16666 RB denotes However
T13218 16666-16668 , denotes ,
T13219 16668-16675 NN denotes fatigue
T13220 16676-16686 NN denotes resistance
T13221 16687-16692 NN denotes index
T13222 16692-16694 , denotes ,
T13223 16694-16701 VBN denotes defined
T13224 16702-16704 IN denotes as
T13225 16705-16708 DT denotes the
T13226 16709-16716 NN denotes percent
T13227 16717-16719 IN denotes of
T13228 16720-16727 JJ denotes initial
T13229 16728-16733 NN denotes force
T13230 16734-16743 VBN denotes generated
T13231 16744-16753 VBG denotes following
T13232 16754-16755 DT denotes a
T13234 16756-16757 CD denotes 2
T13236 16757-16758 HYPH denotes -
T13235 16758-16761 NN denotes min
T13233 16762-16768 NN denotes series
T13237 16769-16771 IN denotes of
T13238 16772-16781 VBG denotes fatiguing
T13239 16782-16794 NNS denotes contractions
T13240 16794-16796 , denotes ,
T13217 16796-16799 VBD denotes was
T13241 16800-16813 RB denotes significantly
T13242 16814-16819 JJR denotes lower
T13243 16820-16822 IN denotes in
T13244 16823-16826 DT denotes the
T13246 16827-16830 NN denotes PGC
T13248 16830-16831 HYPH denotes -
T13247 16831-16833 NN denotes 1α
T13249 16833-16834 SYM denotes −
T13250 16834-16835 HYPH denotes /
T13251 16835-16836 SYM denotes −
T13245 16837-16841 NNS denotes mice
T13252 16842-16843 -LRB- denotes (
T13254 16843-16847 CD denotes 14.6
T13256 16848-16849 SYM denotes ±
T13255 16850-16853 CD denotes 1.5
T13253 16853-16854 NN denotes %
T13257 16854-16855 -RRB- denotes )
T13258 16856-16864 VBN denotes compared
T13259 16865-16867 IN denotes to
T13260 16868-16871 NN denotes PGC
T13262 16871-16872 HYPH denotes -
T13261 16872-16874 NN denotes 1α
T13264 16874-16875 SYM denotes +
T13265 16875-16876 HYPH denotes /
T13266 16876-16877 SYM denotes +
T13263 16878-16886 NNS denotes controls
T13267 16887-16888 -LRB- denotes (
T13269 16888-16892 CD denotes 24.8
T13271 16893-16894 SYM denotes ±
T13270 16895-16898 CD denotes 2.9
T13268 16898-16899 NN denotes %
T13272 16899-16900 -RRB- denotes )
T13273 16901-16902 -LRB- denotes (
T13275 16902-16908 NN denotes Figure
T13274 16909-16911 NN denotes 4C
T13276 16911-16912 -RRB- denotes )
T13277 16912-16913 . denotes .
T13278 16913-17129 sentence denotes These results, together with the observed abnormalities in skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and function, indicate that PGC-1α is necessary for functional adaptation of skeletal muscle to physiologic demands.
T13279 16914-16919 DT denotes These
T13280 16920-16927 NNS denotes results
T13282 16927-16929 , denotes ,
T13283 16929-16937 RB denotes together
T13284 16938-16942 IN denotes with
T13285 16943-16946 DT denotes the
T13287 16947-16955 VBN denotes observed
T13286 16956-16969 NNS denotes abnormalities
T13288 16970-16972 IN denotes in
T13289 16973-16981 JJ denotes skeletal
T13291 16982-16988 NN denotes muscle
T13292 16989-17002 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T13290 17003-17012 NN denotes structure
T13293 17013-17016 CC denotes and
T13294 17017-17025 NN denotes function
T13295 17025-17027 , denotes ,
T13281 17027-17035 VBP denotes indicate
T13296 17036-17040 IN denotes that
T13298 17041-17044 NN denotes PGC
T13300 17044-17045 HYPH denotes -
T13299 17045-17047 NN denotes 1α
T13297 17048-17050 VBZ denotes is
T13301 17051-17060 JJ denotes necessary
T13302 17061-17064 IN denotes for
T13303 17065-17075 JJ denotes functional
T13304 17076-17086 NN denotes adaptation
T13305 17087-17089 IN denotes of
T13306 17090-17098 JJ denotes skeletal
T13307 17099-17105 NN denotes muscle
T13308 17106-17108 IN denotes to
T13309 17109-17120 JJ denotes physiologic
T13310 17121-17128 NNS denotes demands
T13311 17128-17129 . denotes .
T15167 17131-17141 JJ denotes Functional
T15168 17142-17155 NNS denotes Abnormalities
T15169 17156-17158 IN denotes in
T15170 17159-17165 NNS denotes Hearts
T15171 17166-17168 IN denotes of
T15172 17169-17172 NN denotes PGC
T15174 17172-17173 HYPH denotes -
T15173 17173-17175 NN denotes 1α
T15176 17175-17176 SYM denotes −
T15177 17176-17177 HYPH denotes /
T15178 17177-17178 SYM denotes −
T15175 17179-17183 NNS denotes Mice
T15179 17183-17370 sentence denotes PGC-1α expression is enriched in heart, a tissue that relies heavily on mitochondrial energy metabolism to maintain pump function throughout the postnatal life of the mammalian organism.
T15180 17184-17187 NN denotes PGC
T15182 17187-17188 HYPH denotes -
T15181 17188-17190 NN denotes 1α
T15183 17191-17201 NN denotes expression
T15185 17202-17204 VBZ denotes is
T15184 17205-17213 VBN denotes enriched
T15186 17214-17216 IN denotes in
T15187 17217-17222 NN denotes heart
T15188 17222-17224 , denotes ,
T15189 17224-17225 DT denotes a
T15190 17226-17232 NN denotes tissue
T15191 17233-17237 WDT denotes that
T15192 17238-17244 VBZ denotes relies
T15193 17245-17252 RB denotes heavily
T15194 17253-17255 IN denotes on
T15195 17256-17269 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T15197 17270-17276 NN denotes energy
T15196 17277-17287 NN denotes metabolism
T15198 17288-17290 TO denotes to
T15199 17291-17299 VB denotes maintain
T15200 17300-17304 NN denotes pump
T15201 17305-17313 NN denotes function
T15202 17314-17324 IN denotes throughout
T15203 17325-17328 DT denotes the
T15205 17329-17338 JJ denotes postnatal
T15204 17339-17343 NN denotes life
T15206 17344-17346 IN denotes of
T15207 17347-17350 DT denotes the
T15209 17351-17360 JJ denotes mammalian
T15208 17361-17369 NN denotes organism
T15210 17369-17370 . denotes .
T15211 17370-17567 sentence denotes Echocardiographic screening studies of PGC-1α−/− mice at ages 4–6 mo did not reveal any significant differences in chamber sizes or ventricular function compared to WT controls (unpublished data).
T15212 17371-17388 JJ denotes Echocardiographic
T15214 17389-17398 NN denotes screening
T15213 17399-17406 NNS denotes studies
T15216 17407-17409 IN denotes of
T15217 17410-17413 NN denotes PGC
T15219 17413-17414 HYPH denotes -
T15218 17414-17416 NN denotes 1α
T15221 17416-17417 SYM denotes −
T15222 17417-17418 HYPH denotes /
T15223 17418-17419 SYM denotes −
T15220 17420-17424 NNS denotes mice
T15224 17425-17427 IN denotes at
T15225 17428-17432 NNS denotes ages
T15227 17433-17434 CD denotes 4
T15229 17434-17435 SYM denotes –
T15228 17435-17436 CD denotes 6
T15226 17437-17439 NN denotes mo
T15230 17440-17443 VBD denotes did
T15231 17444-17447 RB denotes not
T15215 17448-17454 VB denotes reveal
T15232 17455-17458 DT denotes any
T15234 17459-17470 JJ denotes significant
T15233 17471-17482 NNS denotes differences
T15235 17483-17485 IN denotes in
T15236 17486-17493 NN denotes chamber
T15237 17494-17499 NNS denotes sizes
T15238 17500-17502 CC denotes or
T15239 17503-17514 JJ denotes ventricular
T15240 17515-17523 NN denotes function
T15241 17524-17532 VBN denotes compared
T15242 17533-17535 IN denotes to
T15243 17536-17538 NN denotes WT
T15244 17539-17547 NNS denotes controls
T15245 17548-17549 -LRB- denotes (
T15247 17549-17560 JJ denotes unpublished
T15246 17561-17565 NNS denotes data
T15248 17565-17566 -RRB- denotes )
T15249 17566-17567 . denotes .
T15250 17567-17677 sentence denotes Cardiac functional and metabolic reserve was evaluated using exercise echocardiographic stress testing (EST).
T15251 17568-17575 JJ denotes Cardiac
T15252 17576-17586 JJ denotes functional
T15254 17587-17590 CC denotes and
T15255 17591-17600 JJ denotes metabolic
T15253 17601-17608 NN denotes reserve
T15257 17609-17612 VBD denotes was
T15256 17613-17622 VBN denotes evaluated
T15258 17623-17628 VBG denotes using
T15259 17629-17637 NN denotes exercise
T15261 17638-17655 JJ denotes echocardiographic
T15262 17656-17662 NN denotes stress
T15260 17663-17670 NN denotes testing
T15263 17671-17672 -LRB- denotes (
T15264 17672-17675 NN denotes EST
T15265 17675-17676 -RRB- denotes )
T15266 17676-17677 . denotes .
T15267 17677-17917 sentence denotes Given that the exercise capacity of PGC-1α−/− mice is diminished, a series of preliminary treadmill exercise studies were performed to define a reasonable exercise duration for run-to-exhaustion to be used as a target duration for the EST.
T15268 17678-17683 VBN denotes Given
T15270 17684-17688 IN denotes that
T15272 17689-17692 DT denotes the
T15274 17693-17701 NN denotes exercise
T15273 17702-17710 NN denotes capacity
T15275 17711-17713 IN denotes of
T15276 17714-17717 NN denotes PGC
T15278 17717-17718 HYPH denotes -
T15277 17718-17720 NN denotes 1α
T15280 17720-17721 SYM denotes −
T15281 17721-17722 HYPH denotes /
T15282 17722-17723 SYM denotes −
T15279 17724-17728 NNS denotes mice
T15283 17729-17731 VBZ denotes is
T15271 17732-17742 VBN denotes diminished
T15284 17742-17744 , denotes ,
T15285 17744-17745 DT denotes a
T15286 17746-17752 NN denotes series
T15287 17753-17755 IN denotes of
T15288 17756-17767 JJ denotes preliminary
T15290 17768-17777 NN denotes treadmill
T15291 17778-17786 NN denotes exercise
T15289 17787-17794 NNS denotes studies
T15292 17795-17799 VBD denotes were
T15269 17800-17809 VBN denotes performed
T15293 17810-17812 TO denotes to
T15294 17813-17819 VB denotes define
T15295 17820-17821 DT denotes a
T15297 17822-17832 JJ denotes reasonable
T15298 17833-17841 NN denotes exercise
T15296 17842-17850 NN denotes duration
T15299 17851-17854 IN denotes for
T15300 17855-17858 VB denotes run
T15302 17858-17859 HYPH denotes -
T15303 17859-17861 IN denotes to
T15304 17861-17862 HYPH denotes -
T15305 17862-17872 NN denotes exhaustion
T15306 17873-17875 TO denotes to
T15307 17876-17878 VB denotes be
T15301 17879-17883 VBN denotes used
T15308 17884-17886 IN denotes as
T15309 17887-17888 DT denotes a
T15311 17889-17895 NN denotes target
T15310 17896-17904 NN denotes duration
T15312 17905-17908 IN denotes for
T15313 17909-17912 DT denotes the
T15314 17913-17916 NN denotes EST
T15315 17916-17917 . denotes .
T15316 17917-18127 sentence denotes Based on the results of these studies, an EST regimen was performed in which PGC-1α+/+ control animals were exercised for a duration of 60 s to match the predicted average for the PGC-1α−/− mice (ages 6–8 mo).
T15317 17918-17923 VBN denotes Based
T15319 17924-17926 IN denotes on
T15320 17927-17930 DT denotes the
T15321 17931-17938 NNS denotes results
T15322 17939-17941 IN denotes of
T15323 17942-17947 DT denotes these
T15324 17948-17955 NNS denotes studies
T15325 17955-17957 , denotes ,
T15326 17957-17959 DT denotes an
T15328 17960-17963 NN denotes EST
T15327 17964-17971 NN denotes regimen
T15329 17972-17975 VBD denotes was
T15318 17976-17985 VBN denotes performed
T15330 17986-17988 IN denotes in
T15332 17989-17994 WDT denotes which
T15333 17995-17998 NN denotes PGC
T15335 17998-17999 HYPH denotes -
T15334 17999-18001 NN denotes 1α
T15337 18001-18002 SYM denotes +
T15338 18002-18003 HYPH denotes /
T15339 18003-18004 SYM denotes +
T15340 18005-18012 NN denotes control
T15336 18013-18020 NNS denotes animals
T15341 18021-18025 VBD denotes were
T15331 18026-18035 VBN denotes exercised
T15342 18036-18039 IN denotes for
T15343 18040-18041 DT denotes a
T15344 18042-18050 NN denotes duration
T15345 18051-18053 IN denotes of
T15346 18054-18056 CD denotes 60
T15347 18057-18058 NN denotes s
T15348 18059-18061 TO denotes to
T15349 18062-18067 VB denotes match
T15350 18068-18071 DT denotes the
T15352 18072-18081 VBN denotes predicted
T15351 18082-18089 NN denotes average
T15353 18090-18093 IN denotes for
T15354 18094-18097 DT denotes the
T15356 18098-18101 NN denotes PGC
T15358 18101-18102 HYPH denotes -
T15357 18102-18104 NN denotes 1α
T15359 18104-18105 SYM denotes −
T15360 18105-18106 HYPH denotes /
T15361 18106-18107 SYM denotes −
T15355 18108-18112 NNS denotes mice
T15362 18113-18114 -LRB- denotes (
T15364 18114-18118 NNS denotes ages
T15365 18119-18120 CD denotes 6
T15367 18120-18121 SYM denotes –
T15366 18121-18122 CD denotes 8
T15363 18123-18125 NN denotes mo
T15368 18125-18126 -RRB- denotes )
T15369 18126-18127 . denotes .
T15370 18127-18315 sentence denotes Echocardiographic images were obtained immediately following 60 s of exercise for the PGC-1α+/+ controls or at the point of exhaustion for PGC-1α−/− mice (mean 60 ± 6.1 s, range 45–90 s).
T15371 18128-18145 JJ denotes Echocardiographic
T15372 18146-18152 NNS denotes images
T15374 18153-18157 VBD denotes were
T15373 18158-18166 VBN denotes obtained
T15375 18167-18178 RB denotes immediately
T15376 18179-18188 VBG denotes following
T15377 18189-18191 CD denotes 60
T15378 18192-18193 NN denotes s
T15379 18194-18196 IN denotes of
T15380 18197-18205 NN denotes exercise
T15381 18206-18209 IN denotes for
T15382 18210-18213 DT denotes the
T15384 18214-18217 NN denotes PGC
T15386 18217-18218 HYPH denotes -
T15385 18218-18220 NN denotes 1α
T15387 18220-18221 SYM denotes +
T15388 18221-18222 HYPH denotes /
T15389 18222-18223 SYM denotes +
T15383 18224-18232 NNS denotes controls
T15390 18233-18235 CC denotes or
T15391 18236-18238 IN denotes at
T15392 18239-18242 DT denotes the
T15393 18243-18248 NN denotes point
T15394 18249-18251 IN denotes of
T15395 18252-18262 NN denotes exhaustion
T15396 18263-18266 IN denotes for
T15397 18267-18270 NN denotes PGC
T15399 18270-18271 HYPH denotes -
T15398 18271-18273 NN denotes 1α
T15401 18273-18274 SYM denotes −
T15402 18274-18275 HYPH denotes /
T15403 18275-18276 SYM denotes −
T15400 18277-18281 NNS denotes mice
T15404 18282-18283 -LRB- denotes (
T15406 18283-18287 NN denotes mean
T15408 18288-18290 CD denotes 60
T15410 18291-18292 SYM denotes ±
T15409 18293-18296 CD denotes 6.1
T15407 18297-18298 NN denotes s
T15411 18298-18300 , denotes ,
T15412 18300-18305 NN denotes range
T15413 18306-18308 CD denotes 45
T15415 18308-18309 SYM denotes –
T15414 18309-18311 CD denotes 90
T15405 18312-18313 NN denotes s
T15416 18313-18314 -RRB- denotes )
T15417 18314-18315 . denotes .
T15418 18315-18462 sentence denotes Echocardiographic-determined left ventricular fractional shortening and heart rate were monitored for the 10-min period immediately post exercise.
T15419 18316-18333 JJ denotes Echocardiographic
T15421 18333-18334 HYPH denotes -
T15420 18334-18344 VBN denotes determined
T15423 18345-18349 JJ denotes left
T15425 18350-18361 JJ denotes ventricular
T15424 18362-18372 JJ denotes fractional
T15422 18373-18383 NN denotes shortening
T15427 18384-18387 CC denotes and
T15428 18388-18393 NN denotes heart
T15429 18394-18398 NN denotes rate
T15430 18399-18403 VBD denotes were
T15426 18404-18413 VBN denotes monitored
T15431 18414-18417 IN denotes for
T15432 18418-18421 DT denotes the
T15434 18422-18424 CD denotes 10
T15436 18424-18425 HYPH denotes -
T15435 18425-18428 NN denotes min
T15433 18429-18435 NN denotes period
T15437 18436-18447 RB denotes immediately
T15438 18448-18452 IN denotes post
T15439 18453-18461 NN denotes exercise
T15440 18461-18462 . denotes .
T15441 18462-18584 sentence denotes The mean heart rate of the PGC-1α−/− mice exhibited an inappropriate decline during the post exercise period (Figure 5A).
T15442 18463-18466 DT denotes The
T15444 18467-18471 JJ denotes mean
T15445 18472-18477 NN denotes heart
T15443 18478-18482 NN denotes rate
T15447 18483-18485 IN denotes of
T15448 18486-18489 DT denotes the
T15450 18490-18493 NN denotes PGC
T15452 18493-18494 HYPH denotes -
T15451 18494-18496 NN denotes 1α
T15453 18496-18497 SYM denotes −
T15454 18497-18498 HYPH denotes /
T15455 18498-18499 SYM denotes −
T15449 18500-18504 NNS denotes mice
T15446 18505-18514 VBD denotes exhibited
T15456 18515-18517 DT denotes an
T15458 18518-18531 JJ denotes inappropriate
T15457 18532-18539 NN denotes decline
T15459 18540-18546 IN denotes during
T15460 18547-18550 DT denotes the
T15462 18551-18555 JJ denotes post
T15463 18556-18564 NN denotes exercise
T15461 18565-18571 NN denotes period
T15464 18572-18573 -LRB- denotes (
T15466 18573-18579 NN denotes Figure
T15465 18580-18582 NN denotes 5A
T15467 18582-18583 -RRB- denotes )
T15468 18583-18584 . denotes .
T15469 18584-18797 sentence denotes In addition, echocardiographically determined left ventricular fractional shortening was decreased in the PGC-1α−/− mice, but not the PGC-1α+/+ mice during the first 4 min of the post exercise period (Figure 5A).
T15470 18585-18587 IN denotes In
T15472 18588-18596 NN denotes addition
T15473 18596-18598 , denotes ,
T15474 18598-18619 RB denotes echocardiographically
T15475 18620-18630 VBN denotes determined
T15477 18631-18635 JJ denotes left
T15478 18636-18647 JJ denotes ventricular
T15479 18648-18658 JJ denotes fractional
T15476 18659-18669 NN denotes shortening
T15480 18670-18673 VBD denotes was
T15471 18674-18683 VBN denotes decreased
T15481 18684-18686 IN denotes in
T15482 18687-18690 DT denotes the
T15484 18691-18694 NN denotes PGC
T15486 18694-18695 HYPH denotes -
T15485 18695-18697 NN denotes 1α
T15487 18697-18698 SYM denotes −
T15488 18698-18699 HYPH denotes /
T15489 18699-18700 SYM denotes −
T15483 18701-18705 NNS denotes mice
T15490 18705-18707 , denotes ,
T15491 18707-18710 CC denotes but
T15492 18711-18714 RB denotes not
T15493 18715-18718 DT denotes the
T15495 18719-18722 NN denotes PGC
T15497 18722-18723 HYPH denotes -
T15496 18723-18725 NN denotes 1α
T15498 18725-18726 SYM denotes +
T15499 18726-18727 HYPH denotes /
T15500 18727-18728 SYM denotes +
T15494 18729-18733 NNS denotes mice
T15501 18734-18740 IN denotes during
T15502 18741-18744 DT denotes the
T15504 18745-18750 JJ denotes first
T15505 18751-18752 CD denotes 4
T15503 18753-18756 NN denotes min
T15506 18757-18759 IN denotes of
T15507 18760-18763 DT denotes the
T15509 18764-18768 JJ denotes post
T15510 18769-18777 NN denotes exercise
T15508 18778-18784 NN denotes period
T15511 18785-18786 -LRB- denotes (
T15513 18786-18792 NN denotes Figure
T15512 18793-18795 NN denotes 5A
T15514 18795-18796 -RRB- denotes )
T15515 18796-18797 . denotes .
T15516 18797-20130 sentence denotes Figure 5 Abnormal Cardiac Response to Physiologic Stress in PGC-1α−/− Mice (A) Exercise echocardiographic studies. PGC-1α+/+ (n = 4) and PGC-1α−/− (n = 8) female mice aged 6–8 mo were subjected to an exercise protocol on a motorized treadmill. This protocol was designed such that the PGC-1α−/− mice ran to exhaustion based on the results of the exercise studies shown in Figure 4. Accordingly, an exercise regimen of 60 s was used for both groups. The graphs depict the heart rate (left graph) and echocardiographically-determined ventricular fractional shortening (FS) as a percent (right graph). Responses were monitored for 10 min immediately post exercise. (B) In vivo hemodynamic response to the β1,α1-adrenergic agonist dobutamine. Male and female PGC-1α+/+ (n = 6) and PGC-1α−/− (n = 6) mice at 10–12 wk of age were anesthetized and a 1.4-French Millar catheter was placed through the carotid artery into the left ventricle as described in Materials and Methods. Heart rate (left graph) and a measurement of ventricular systolic performance, dP/dt (right graph), were measured following infusion of dobutamine. * p < 0.05. The results of the EST did not distinguish between a primary cardiac abnormality versus effects secondary to the exhaustion caused by reduced exercise tolerance related to skeletal muscle dysfunction.
T15517 19930-19933 DT denotes The
T15518 19934-19941 NNS denotes results
T15520 19942-19944 IN denotes of
T15521 19945-19948 DT denotes the
T15522 19949-19952 NN denotes EST
T15523 19953-19956 VBD denotes did
T15524 19957-19960 RB denotes not
T15519 19961-19972 VB denotes distinguish
T15525 19973-19980 IN denotes between
T15526 19981-19982 DT denotes a
T15528 19983-19990 JJ denotes primary
T15529 19991-19998 JJ denotes cardiac
T15527 19999-20010 NN denotes abnormality
T15530 20011-20017 CC denotes versus
T15531 20018-20025 NNS denotes effects
T15532 20026-20035 JJ denotes secondary
T15533 20036-20038 IN denotes to
T15534 20039-20042 DT denotes the
T15535 20043-20053 NN denotes exhaustion
T15536 20054-20060 VBN denotes caused
T15537 20061-20063 IN denotes by
T15538 20064-20071 VBN denotes reduced
T15540 20072-20080 NN denotes exercise
T15539 20081-20090 NN denotes tolerance
T15541 20091-20098 VBN denotes related
T15542 20099-20101 IN denotes to
T15543 20102-20110 JJ denotes skeletal
T15544 20111-20117 NN denotes muscle
T15545 20118-20129 NN denotes dysfunction
T15546 20129-20130 . denotes .
T15547 20130-20258 sentence denotes To directly assess cardiac function, the hearts of PGC-1α−/− and PGC-1α+/+ mice were isolated and perfused in the working mode.
T15548 20131-20133 TO denotes To
T15550 20134-20142 RB denotes directly
T15549 20143-20149 VB denotes assess
T15552 20150-20157 JJ denotes cardiac
T15553 20158-20166 NN denotes function
T15554 20166-20168 , denotes ,
T15555 20168-20171 DT denotes the
T15556 20172-20178 NNS denotes hearts
T15557 20179-20181 IN denotes of
T15558 20182-20185 NN denotes PGC
T15560 20185-20186 HYPH denotes -
T15559 20186-20188 NN denotes 1α
T15562 20188-20189 SYM denotes −
T15563 20189-20190 HYPH denotes /
T15564 20190-20191 SYM denotes −
T15565 20192-20195 CC denotes and
T15566 20196-20199 NN denotes PGC
T15568 20199-20200 HYPH denotes -
T15567 20200-20202 NN denotes 1α
T15569 20202-20203 SYM denotes +
T15570 20203-20204 HYPH denotes /
T15571 20204-20205 SYM denotes +
T15561 20206-20210 NNS denotes mice
T15572 20211-20215 VBD denotes were
T15551 20216-20224 VBN denotes isolated
T15573 20225-20228 CC denotes and
T15574 20229-20237 VBN denotes perfused
T15575 20238-20240 IN denotes in
T15576 20241-20244 DT denotes the
T15578 20245-20252 NN denotes working
T15577 20253-20257 NN denotes mode
T15579 20257-20258 . denotes .
T15580 20258-20447 sentence denotes Hearts isolated from PGC-1α−/− mice generated lower cardiac work (cardiac output multiplied by peak systolic pressure) compared to PGC-1α+/+ mice at identical loading conditions (Table 1).
T15581 20259-20265 NNS denotes Hearts
T15583 20266-20274 VBN denotes isolated
T15584 20275-20279 IN denotes from
T15585 20280-20283 NN denotes PGC
T15587 20283-20284 HYPH denotes -
T15586 20284-20286 NN denotes 1α
T15589 20286-20287 SYM denotes −
T15590 20287-20288 HYPH denotes /
T15591 20288-20289 SYM denotes −
T15588 20290-20294 NNS denotes mice
T15582 20295-20304 VBD denotes generated
T15592 20305-20310 JJR denotes lower
T15594 20311-20318 JJ denotes cardiac
T15593 20319-20323 NN denotes work
T15595 20324-20325 -LRB- denotes (
T15596 20325-20332 JJ denotes cardiac
T15597 20333-20339 NN denotes output
T15598 20340-20350 VBN denotes multiplied
T15599 20351-20353 IN denotes by
T15600 20354-20358 NN denotes peak
T15602 20359-20367 JJ denotes systolic
T15601 20368-20376 NN denotes pressure
T15603 20376-20377 -RRB- denotes )
T15604 20378-20386 VBN denotes compared
T15605 20387-20389 IN denotes to
T15606 20390-20393 NN denotes PGC
T15608 20393-20394 HYPH denotes -
T15607 20394-20396 NN denotes 1α
T15610 20396-20397 SYM denotes +
T15611 20397-20398 HYPH denotes /
T15612 20398-20399 SYM denotes +
T15609 20400-20404 NNS denotes mice
T15613 20405-20407 IN denotes at
T15614 20408-20417 JJ denotes identical
T15616 20418-20425 NN denotes loading
T15615 20426-20436 NNS denotes conditions
T15617 20437-20438 -LRB- denotes (
T15618 20438-20443 NN denotes Table
T15619 20444-20445 CD denotes 1
T15620 20445-20446 -RRB- denotes )
T15621 20446-20447 . denotes .
T15622 20447-20525 sentence denotes This reduction in cardiac work was due to a reduced cardiac output (Table 1).
T15623 20448-20452 DT denotes This
T15624 20453-20462 NN denotes reduction
T15626 20463-20465 IN denotes in
T15627 20466-20473 JJ denotes cardiac
T15628 20474-20478 NN denotes work
T15625 20479-20482 VBD denotes was
T15629 20483-20486 IN denotes due
T15630 20487-20489 IN denotes to
T15631 20490-20491 DT denotes a
T15633 20492-20499 VBN denotes reduced
T15634 20500-20507 JJ denotes cardiac
T15632 20508-20514 NN denotes output
T15635 20515-20516 -LRB- denotes (
T15636 20516-20521 NN denotes Table
T15637 20522-20523 CD denotes 1
T15638 20523-20524 -RRB- denotes )
T15639 20524-20525 . denotes .
T15640 20525-20734 sentence denotes The relative contribution of heart rate and stroke volume to diminished cardiac output in the PGC-1α−/− mice could not be delineated, because both were decreased but neither to a significant degree (Table 1).
T15641 20526-20529 DT denotes The
T15643 20530-20538 JJ denotes relative
T15642 20539-20551 NN denotes contribution
T15645 20552-20554 IN denotes of
T15646 20555-20560 NN denotes heart
T15647 20561-20565 NN denotes rate
T15648 20566-20569 CC denotes and
T15649 20570-20576 NN denotes stroke
T15650 20577-20583 NN denotes volume
T15651 20584-20586 IN denotes to
T15652 20587-20597 VBN denotes diminished
T15654 20598-20605 JJ denotes cardiac
T15653 20606-20612 NN denotes output
T15655 20613-20615 IN denotes in
T15656 20616-20619 DT denotes the
T15658 20620-20623 NN denotes PGC
T15660 20623-20624 HYPH denotes -
T15659 20624-20626 NN denotes 1α
T15661 20626-20627 SYM denotes −
T15662 20627-20628 HYPH denotes /
T15663 20628-20629 SYM denotes −
T15657 20630-20634 NNS denotes mice
T15664 20635-20640 MD denotes could
T15665 20641-20644 RB denotes not
T15666 20645-20647 VB denotes be
T15644 20648-20658 VBN denotes delineated
T15667 20658-20660 , denotes ,
T15668 20660-20667 IN denotes because
T15670 20668-20672 DT denotes both
T15671 20673-20677 VBD denotes were
T15669 20678-20687 VBN denotes decreased
T15672 20688-20691 CC denotes but
T15673 20692-20699 CC denotes neither
T15674 20700-20702 IN denotes to
T15675 20703-20704 DT denotes a
T15677 20705-20716 JJ denotes significant
T15676 20717-20723 NN denotes degree
T15678 20724-20725 -LRB- denotes (
T15679 20725-20730 NN denotes Table
T15680 20731-20732 CD denotes 1
T15681 20732-20733 -RRB- denotes )
T15682 20733-20734 . denotes .
T15683 20734-20953 sentence denotes To further distinguish between abnormalities in heart rate and ventricular function, in vivo hemodynamic response to the β1,α1-adrenergic-selective agonist dobutamine was evaluated using a miniaturized Millar catheter.
T15684 20735-20737 TO denotes To
T15686 20738-20745 RB denotes further
T15685 20746-20757 VB denotes distinguish
T15688 20758-20765 IN denotes between
T15689 20766-20779 NNS denotes abnormalities
T15690 20780-20782 IN denotes in
T15691 20783-20788 NN denotes heart
T15692 20789-20793 NN denotes rate
T15693 20794-20797 CC denotes and
T15694 20798-20809 JJ denotes ventricular
T15695 20810-20818 NN denotes function
T15696 20818-20820 , denotes ,
T15697 20820-20822 FW denotes in
T15698 20823-20827 FW denotes vivo
T15700 20828-20839 JJ denotes hemodynamic
T15699 20840-20848 NN denotes response
T15701 20849-20851 IN denotes to
T15702 20852-20855 DT denotes the
T15704 20856-20858 NN denotes β1
T15706 20858-20859 , denotes ,
T15705 20859-20861 NN denotes α1
T15708 20861-20862 HYPH denotes -
T15707 20862-20872 JJ denotes adrenergic
T15710 20872-20873 HYPH denotes -
T15709 20873-20882 JJ denotes selective
T15703 20883-20890 NN denotes agonist
T15711 20891-20901 NN denotes dobutamine
T15712 20902-20905 VBD denotes was
T15687 20906-20915 VBN denotes evaluated
T15713 20916-20921 VBG denotes using
T15714 20922-20923 DT denotes a
T15716 20924-20936 VBN denotes miniaturized
T15717 20937-20943 NNP denotes Millar
T15715 20944-20952 NN denotes catheter
T15718 20952-20953 . denotes .
T15719 20953-21073 sentence denotes The ventricular functional response to dobutamine was similar in PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice (Figure 5B, right graph).
T15720 20954-20957 DT denotes The
T15722 20958-20969 JJ denotes ventricular
T15723 20970-20980 JJ denotes functional
T15721 20981-20989 NN denotes response
T15725 20990-20992 IN denotes to
T15726 20993-21003 NN denotes dobutamine
T15724 21004-21007 VBD denotes was
T15727 21008-21015 JJ denotes similar
T15728 21016-21018 IN denotes in
T15729 21019-21022 NN denotes PGC
T15731 21022-21023 HYPH denotes -
T15730 21023-21025 NN denotes 1α
T15733 21025-21026 SYM denotes +
T15734 21026-21027 HYPH denotes /
T15735 21027-21028 SYM denotes +
T15736 21029-21032 CC denotes and
T15737 21033-21036 NN denotes PGC
T15739 21036-21037 HYPH denotes -
T15738 21037-21039 NN denotes 1α
T15740 21039-21040 SYM denotes −
T15741 21040-21041 HYPH denotes /
T15742 21041-21042 SYM denotes −
T15732 21043-21047 NNS denotes mice
T15743 21048-21049 -LRB- denotes (
T15745 21049-21055 NN denotes Figure
T15746 21056-21058 NN denotes 5B
T15747 21058-21060 , denotes ,
T15748 21060-21065 JJ denotes right
T15744 21066-21071 NN denotes graph
T15749 21071-21072 -RRB- denotes )
T15750 21072-21073 . denotes .
T15751 21073-21204 sentence denotes However, PGC-1α−/− mice exhibited a significantly blunted heart rate response to β-adrenergic stimulation (Figure 5B, left graph).
T15752 21074-21081 RB denotes However
T15754 21081-21083 , denotes ,
T15755 21083-21086 NN denotes PGC
T15757 21086-21087 HYPH denotes -
T15756 21087-21089 NN denotes 1α
T15759 21089-21090 SYM denotes −
T15760 21090-21091 HYPH denotes /
T15761 21091-21092 SYM denotes −
T15758 21093-21097 NNS denotes mice
T15753 21098-21107 VBD denotes exhibited
T15762 21108-21109 DT denotes a
T15764 21110-21123 RB denotes significantly
T15765 21124-21131 VBN denotes blunted
T15766 21132-21137 NN denotes heart
T15767 21138-21142 NN denotes rate
T15763 21143-21151 NN denotes response
T15768 21152-21154 IN denotes to
T15769 21155-21156 NN denotes β
T15771 21156-21157 HYPH denotes -
T15770 21157-21167 JJ denotes adrenergic
T15772 21168-21179 NN denotes stimulation
T15773 21180-21181 -LRB- denotes (
T15775 21181-21187 NN denotes Figure
T15776 21188-21190 NN denotes 5B
T15777 21190-21192 , denotes ,
T15778 21192-21196 JJ denotes left
T15774 21197-21202 NN denotes graph
T15779 21202-21203 -RRB- denotes )
T15780 21203-21204 . denotes .
T15781 21204-21436 sentence denotes Taken together with the EST, these results strongly suggest that the PGC-1α−/− hearts are unable to mount an appropriate chronotropic response to exercise and other physiologic stimuli that activate β-adrenergic input to the heart.
T15782 21205-21210 VBN denotes Taken
T15784 21211-21219 RB denotes together
T15785 21220-21224 IN denotes with
T15786 21225-21228 DT denotes the
T15787 21229-21232 NN denotes EST
T15788 21232-21234 , denotes ,
T15789 21234-21239 DT denotes these
T15790 21240-21247 NNS denotes results
T15791 21248-21256 RB denotes strongly
T15783 21257-21264 VBP denotes suggest
T15792 21265-21269 IN denotes that
T15794 21270-21273 DT denotes the
T15796 21274-21277 NN denotes PGC
T15798 21277-21278 HYPH denotes -
T15797 21278-21280 NN denotes 1α
T15799 21280-21281 SYM denotes −
T15800 21281-21282 HYPH denotes /
T15801 21282-21283 SYM denotes −
T15795 21284-21290 NNS denotes hearts
T15793 21291-21294 VBP denotes are
T15802 21295-21301 JJ denotes unable
T15803 21302-21304 TO denotes to
T15804 21305-21310 VB denotes mount
T15805 21311-21313 DT denotes an
T15807 21314-21325 JJ denotes appropriate
T15808 21326-21338 JJ denotes chronotropic
T15806 21339-21347 NN denotes response
T15809 21348-21350 IN denotes to
T15810 21351-21359 NN denotes exercise
T15811 21360-21363 CC denotes and
T15812 21364-21369 JJ denotes other
T15814 21370-21381 JJ denotes physiologic
T15813 21382-21389 NNS denotes stimuli
T15815 21390-21394 WDT denotes that
T15816 21395-21403 VBP denotes activate
T15817 21404-21405 NN denotes β
T15819 21405-21406 HYPH denotes -
T15818 21406-21416 JJ denotes adrenergic
T15820 21417-21422 NN denotes input
T15821 21423-21425 IN denotes to
T15822 21426-21429 DT denotes the
T15823 21430-21435 NN denotes heart
T15824 21435-21436 . denotes .
T15825 21436-21510 sentence denotes However, our results did not reveal evidence for contractile dysfunction.
T15826 21437-21444 RB denotes However
T15828 21444-21446 , denotes ,
T15829 21446-21449 PRP$ denotes our
T15830 21450-21457 NNS denotes results
T15831 21458-21461 VBD denotes did
T15832 21462-21465 RB denotes not
T15827 21466-21472 VB denotes reveal
T15833 21473-21481 NN denotes evidence
T15834 21482-21485 IN denotes for
T15835 21486-21497 JJ denotes contractile
T15836 21498-21509 NN denotes dysfunction
T15837 21509-21510 . denotes .
T17367 21651-21654 NN denotes PGC
T17369 21654-21655 HYPH denotes -
T17368 21655-21657 NN denotes 1α
T17371 21657-21658 SYM denotes −
T17372 21658-21659 HYPH denotes /
T17373 21659-21660 SYM denotes −
T17370 21661-21665 NNS denotes Mice
T17374 21666-21673 VBP denotes Exhibit
T17375 21674-21676 DT denotes an
T17377 21677-21685 JJ denotes Abnormal
T17378 21686-21697 JJ denotes Thermogenic
T17376 21698-21706 NN denotes Response
T17379 21706-21851 sentence denotes PGC-1α has been implicated as an inducible regulator of mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling, an important source of heat production in BAT [2].
T17380 21707-21710 NN denotes PGC
T17382 21710-21711 HYPH denotes -
T17381 21711-21713 NN denotes 1α
T17384 21714-21717 VBZ denotes has
T17385 21718-21722 VBN denotes been
T17383 21723-21733 VBN denotes implicated
T17386 21734-21736 IN denotes as
T17387 21737-21739 DT denotes an
T17389 21740-21749 JJ denotes inducible
T17388 21750-21759 NN denotes regulator
T17390 21760-21762 IN denotes of
T17391 21763-21776 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T17393 21777-21788 JJ denotes respiratory
T17392 21789-21799 NN denotes uncoupling
T17394 21799-21801 , denotes ,
T17395 21801-21803 DT denotes an
T17397 21804-21813 JJ denotes important
T17396 21814-21820 NN denotes source
T17398 21821-21823 IN denotes of
T17399 21824-21828 NN denotes heat
T17400 21829-21839 NN denotes production
T17401 21840-21842 IN denotes in
T17402 21843-21846 NN denotes BAT
T17403 21847-21848 -LRB- denotes [
T17404 21848-21849 CD denotes 2
T17405 21849-21850 -RRB- denotes ]
T17406 21850-21851 . denotes .
T17407 21851-22061 sentence denotes To determine whether PGC-1α is necessary for an appropriate thermogenic response, PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice were subjected to cold exposure (4 °C) for a 5-h period while core body temperature was monitored.
T17408 21852-21854 TO denotes To
T17409 21855-21864 VB denotes determine
T17411 21865-21872 IN denotes whether
T17413 21873-21876 NN denotes PGC
T17415 21876-21877 HYPH denotes -
T17414 21877-21879 NN denotes 1α
T17412 21880-21882 VBZ denotes is
T17416 21883-21892 JJ denotes necessary
T17417 21893-21896 IN denotes for
T17418 21897-21899 DT denotes an
T17420 21900-21911 JJ denotes appropriate
T17421 21912-21923 JJ denotes thermogenic
T17419 21924-21932 NN denotes response
T17422 21932-21934 , denotes ,
T17423 21934-21937 NN denotes PGC
T17425 21937-21938 HYPH denotes -
T17424 21938-21940 NN denotes 1α
T17427 21940-21941 SYM denotes +
T17428 21941-21942 HYPH denotes /
T17429 21942-21943 SYM denotes +
T17430 21944-21947 CC denotes and
T17431 21948-21951 NN denotes PGC
T17433 21951-21952 HYPH denotes -
T17432 21952-21954 NN denotes 1α
T17434 21954-21955 SYM denotes −
T17435 21955-21956 HYPH denotes /
T17436 21956-21957 SYM denotes −
T17426 21958-21962 NNS denotes mice
T17437 21963-21967 VBD denotes were
T17410 21968-21977 VBN denotes subjected
T17438 21978-21980 IN denotes to
T17439 21981-21985 NN denotes cold
T17440 21986-21994 NN denotes exposure
T17441 21995-21996 -LRB- denotes (
T17443 21996-21997 CD denotes 4
T17442 21998-22000 NN denotes °C
T17444 22000-22001 -RRB- denotes )
T17445 22002-22005 IN denotes for
T17446 22006-22007 DT denotes a
T17448 22008-22009 CD denotes 5
T17450 22009-22010 HYPH denotes -
T17449 22010-22011 NN denotes h
T17447 22012-22018 NN denotes period
T17451 22019-22024 IN denotes while
T17453 22025-22029 NN denotes core
T17455 22030-22034 NN denotes body
T17454 22035-22046 NN denotes temperature
T17456 22047-22050 VBD denotes was
T17452 22051-22060 VBN denotes monitored
T17457 22060-22061 . denotes .
T17458 22061-22172 sentence denotes PGC-1α−/− mice exhibited a markedly abnormal drop in core temperature compared to the WT controls (Figure 6A).
T17459 22062-22065 NN denotes PGC
T17461 22065-22066 HYPH denotes -
T17460 22066-22068 NN denotes 1α
T17463 22068-22069 SYM denotes −
T17464 22069-22070 HYPH denotes /
T17465 22070-22071 SYM denotes −
T17462 22072-22076 NNS denotes mice
T17466 22077-22086 VBD denotes exhibited
T17467 22087-22088 DT denotes a
T17469 22089-22097 RB denotes markedly
T17470 22098-22106 JJ denotes abnormal
T17468 22107-22111 NN denotes drop
T17471 22112-22114 IN denotes in
T17472 22115-22119 NN denotes core
T17473 22120-22131 NN denotes temperature
T17474 22132-22140 VBN denotes compared
T17475 22141-22143 IN denotes to
T17476 22144-22147 DT denotes the
T17478 22148-22150 NN denotes WT
T17477 22151-22159 NNS denotes controls
T17479 22160-22161 -LRB- denotes (
T17481 22161-22167 NN denotes Figure
T17480 22168-22170 NN denotes 6A
T17482 22170-22171 -RRB- denotes )
T17483 22171-22172 . denotes .
T17484 22172-22354 sentence denotes Specifically, the mean decline in core temperature was greater than 12 °C at the 5-h time point in PGC-1α−/− mice, compared to an approximately 3 °C decrement in PGC-1α+/+ controls.
T17485 22173-22185 RB denotes Specifically
T17487 22185-22187 , denotes ,
T17488 22187-22190 DT denotes the
T17490 22191-22195 NN denotes mean
T17489 22196-22203 NN denotes decline
T17491 22204-22206 IN denotes in
T17492 22207-22211 NN denotes core
T17493 22212-22223 NN denotes temperature
T17486 22224-22227 VBD denotes was
T17494 22228-22235 JJR denotes greater
T17495 22236-22240 IN denotes than
T17496 22241-22243 CD denotes 12
T17497 22244-22246 NN denotes °C
T17498 22247-22249 IN denotes at
T17499 22250-22253 DT denotes the
T17501 22254-22255 CD denotes 5
T17503 22255-22256 HYPH denotes -
T17502 22256-22257 NN denotes h
T17504 22258-22262 NN denotes time
T17500 22263-22268 NN denotes point
T17505 22269-22271 IN denotes in
T17506 22272-22275 NN denotes PGC
T17508 22275-22276 HYPH denotes -
T17507 22276-22278 NN denotes 1α
T17510 22278-22279 SYM denotes −
T17511 22279-22280 HYPH denotes /
T17512 22280-22281 SYM denotes −
T17509 22282-22286 NNS denotes mice
T17513 22286-22288 , denotes ,
T17514 22288-22296 VBN denotes compared
T17515 22297-22299 IN denotes to
T17516 22300-22302 DT denotes an
T17518 22303-22316 RB denotes approximately
T17519 22317-22318 CD denotes 3
T17520 22319-22321 NN denotes °C
T17517 22322-22331 NN denotes decrement
T17521 22332-22334 IN denotes in
T17522 22335-22338 NN denotes PGC
T17524 22338-22339 HYPH denotes -
T17523 22339-22341 NN denotes 1α
T17526 22341-22342 SYM denotes +
T17527 22342-22343 HYPH denotes /
T17528 22343-22344 SYM denotes +
T17525 22345-22353 NNS denotes controls
T17529 22353-22354 . denotes .
T17530 22354-22485 sentence denotes Although this thermogenic phenotype was consistently present in mice aged 28–37 d, it was absent in older mice (unpublished data).
T17531 22355-22363 IN denotes Although
T17533 22364-22368 DT denotes this
T17535 22369-22380 JJ denotes thermogenic
T17534 22381-22390 NN denotes phenotype
T17532 22391-22394 VBD denotes was
T17537 22395-22407 RB denotes consistently
T17538 22408-22415 JJ denotes present
T17539 22416-22418 IN denotes in
T17540 22419-22423 NNS denotes mice
T17541 22424-22428 VBN denotes aged
T17542 22429-22431 CD denotes 28
T17544 22431-22432 SYM denotes –
T17543 22432-22434 CD denotes 37
T17545 22435-22436 NN denotes d
T17546 22436-22438 , denotes ,
T17547 22438-22440 PRP denotes it
T17536 22441-22444 VBD denotes was
T17548 22445-22451 JJ denotes absent
T17549 22452-22454 IN denotes in
T17550 22455-22460 JJR denotes older
T17551 22461-22465 NNS denotes mice
T17552 22466-22467 -LRB- denotes (
T17554 22467-22478 JJ denotes unpublished
T17553 22479-22483 NNS denotes data
T17555 22483-22484 -RRB- denotes )
T17556 22484-22485 . denotes .
T17557 22485-23769 sentence denotes Figure 6 PGC-1α−/− Mice Exhibit an Abnormal Thermogenic Response (A) PGC-1α+/+ (n = 15) and PGC-1α−/− (n = 21) mice aged 28–37 d were subjected to cold (4 °C). Core rectal temperature was monitored over a 5-h period. The change in core temperature ± SEM is shown in the graph (left) as a function of time. * p < 0.05. (B) Representative Northern blot analysis (blot and gel at top) performed with RNA isolated from BAT to detect UCP-1 transcript at baseline (RT) and after 5 h of exposure to cold (4 °C) (UCP1). Ethidium bromide (Eth Br) staining of ribosomal RNA is shown as a control. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for UCP-1 transcript is shown on the graph at the bottom. The values represent mean arbitrary units normalized to a 36B4 transcript (control). (C) Altered response to β3-adrenergic agonist. To evaluate the oxygen consumption (VO2) in response to the stimulation of BAT uncoupled respiration, the β3-adrenergic agonist BRL 37344 was administered to littermate PGC-1α+/+ (n = 5) and PGC-1α−/− (n = 5) female mice followed by measurement of VO2 by indirect calorimetry. Mean ± SEM VO2 is shown. * p < 0.05. The histologic appearance and neutral lipid stores of BAT were assessed as an initial step to characterize the thermogenic phenotype exhibited by PGC-1α−/− mice.
T17558 23608-23611 DT denotes The
T17560 23612-23622 JJ denotes histologic
T17559 23623-23633 NN denotes appearance
T17562 23634-23637 CC denotes and
T17563 23638-23645 JJ denotes neutral
T17565 23646-23651 NN denotes lipid
T17564 23652-23658 NNS denotes stores
T17566 23659-23661 IN denotes of
T17567 23662-23665 NN denotes BAT
T17568 23666-23670 VBD denotes were
T17561 23671-23679 VBN denotes assessed
T17569 23680-23682 IN denotes as
T17570 23683-23685 DT denotes an
T17572 23686-23693 JJ denotes initial
T17571 23694-23698 NN denotes step
T17573 23699-23701 TO denotes to
T17574 23702-23714 VB denotes characterize
T17575 23715-23718 DT denotes the
T17577 23719-23730 JJ denotes thermogenic
T17576 23731-23740 NN denotes phenotype
T17578 23741-23750 VBN denotes exhibited
T17579 23751-23753 IN denotes by
T17580 23754-23757 NN denotes PGC
T17582 23757-23758 HYPH denotes -
T17581 23758-23760 NN denotes 1α
T17584 23760-23761 SYM denotes −
T17585 23761-23762 HYPH denotes /
T17586 23762-23763 SYM denotes −
T17583 23764-23768 NNS denotes mice
T17587 23768-23769 . denotes .
T17588 23769-23829 sentence denotes Histologic and lipid quantification studies were performed.
T17589 23770-23780 JJ denotes Histologic
T17591 23781-23784 CC denotes and
T17592 23785-23790 NN denotes lipid
T17593 23791-23805 NN denotes quantification
T17590 23806-23813 NNS denotes studies
T17595 23814-23818 VBD denotes were
T17594 23819-23828 VBN denotes performed
T17596 23828-23829 . denotes .
T17597 23829-24020 sentence denotes Electron microscopic analyses indicated that the mitochondrial ultrastructure was similar in BAT isolated from PGC-1α−/− and PGC-1α+/+ mice before and after cold exposure (unpublished data).
T17598 23830-23838 NN denotes Electron
T17599 23839-23850 JJ denotes microscopic
T17600 23851-23859 NNS denotes analyses
T17601 23860-23869 VBD denotes indicated
T17602 23870-23874 IN denotes that
T17604 23875-23878 DT denotes the
T17606 23879-23892 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T17605 23893-23907 NN denotes ultrastructure
T17603 23908-23911 VBD denotes was
T17607 23912-23919 JJ denotes similar
T17608 23920-23922 IN denotes in
T17609 23923-23926 NN denotes BAT
T17610 23927-23935 VBN denotes isolated
T17611 23936-23940 IN denotes from
T17612 23941-23944 NN denotes PGC
T17614 23944-23945 HYPH denotes -
T17613 23945-23947 NN denotes 1α
T17616 23947-23948 SYM denotes −
T17617 23948-23949 HYPH denotes /
T17618 23949-23950 SYM denotes −
T17619 23951-23954 CC denotes and
T17620 23955-23958 NN denotes PGC
T17622 23958-23959 HYPH denotes -
T17621 23959-23961 NN denotes 1α
T17623 23961-23962 SYM denotes +
T17624 23962-23963 HYPH denotes /
T17625 23963-23964 SYM denotes +
T17615 23965-23969 NNS denotes mice
T17626 23970-23976 IN denotes before
T17627 23977-23980 CC denotes and
T17628 23981-23986 IN denotes after
T17629 23987-23991 NN denotes cold
T17630 23992-24000 NN denotes exposure
T17631 24001-24002 -LRB- denotes (
T17633 24002-24013 JJ denotes unpublished
T17632 24014-24018 NNS denotes data
T17634 24018-24019 -RRB- denotes )
T17635 24019-24020 . denotes .
T17636 24020-24119 sentence denotes In addition, levels of BAT triglyceride were similar between the two genotypes (unpublished data).
T17637 24021-24023 IN denotes In
T17639 24024-24032 NN denotes addition
T17640 24032-24034 , denotes ,
T17641 24034-24040 NNS denotes levels
T17642 24041-24043 IN denotes of
T17643 24044-24047 NN denotes BAT
T17644 24048-24060 NN denotes triglyceride
T17638 24061-24065 VBD denotes were
T17645 24066-24073 JJ denotes similar
T17646 24074-24081 IN denotes between
T17647 24082-24085 DT denotes the
T17649 24086-24089 CD denotes two
T17648 24090-24099 NNS denotes genotypes
T17650 24100-24101 -LRB- denotes (
T17652 24101-24112 JJ denotes unpublished
T17651 24113-24117 NNS denotes data
T17653 24117-24118 -RRB- denotes )
T17654 24118-24119 . denotes .
T17655 24119-24227 sentence denotes UCP-1 is a cold-inducible protein involved in mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling to generate heat in BAT.
T17656 24120-24123 NN denotes UCP
T17658 24123-24124 HYPH denotes -
T17659 24124-24125 CD denotes 1
T17657 24126-24128 VBZ denotes is
T17660 24129-24130 DT denotes a
T17662 24131-24135 NN denotes cold
T17664 24135-24136 HYPH denotes -
T17663 24136-24145 JJ denotes inducible
T17661 24146-24153 NN denotes protein
T17665 24154-24162 VBN denotes involved
T17666 24163-24165 IN denotes in
T17667 24166-24179 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T17669 24180-24191 JJ denotes respiratory
T17668 24192-24202 NN denotes uncoupling
T17670 24203-24205 TO denotes to
T17671 24206-24214 VB denotes generate
T17672 24215-24219 NN denotes heat
T17673 24220-24222 IN denotes in
T17674 24223-24226 NN denotes BAT
T17675 24226-24227 . denotes .
T17676 24227-24292 sentence denotes UCP-1 gene transcription is known to be activated by PGC-1α [2].
T17677 24228-24231 NN denotes UCP
T17679 24231-24232 HYPH denotes -
T17680 24232-24233 CD denotes 1
T17681 24234-24238 NN denotes gene
T17678 24239-24252 NN denotes transcription
T17683 24253-24255 VBZ denotes is
T17682 24256-24261 VBN denotes known
T17684 24262-24264 TO denotes to
T17686 24265-24267 VB denotes be
T17685 24268-24277 VBN denotes activated
T17687 24278-24280 IN denotes by
T17688 24281-24284 NN denotes PGC
T17690 24284-24285 HYPH denotes -
T17689 24285-24287 NN denotes 1α
T17691 24288-24289 -LRB- denotes [
T17692 24289-24290 CD denotes 2
T17693 24290-24291 -RRB- denotes ]
T17694 24291-24292 . denotes .
T17695 24292-24409 sentence denotes Surprisingly, basal and cold-induced BAT UCP-1 mRNA levels were similar in PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice (Figure 6B).
T17696 24293-24305 RB denotes Surprisingly
T17698 24305-24307 , denotes ,
T17699 24307-24312 JJ denotes basal
T17701 24313-24316 CC denotes and
T17702 24317-24321 NN denotes cold
T17704 24321-24322 HYPH denotes -
T17703 24322-24329 VBN denotes induced
T17705 24330-24333 NN denotes BAT
T17706 24334-24337 NN denotes UCP
T17707 24337-24338 HYPH denotes -
T17708 24338-24339 CD denotes 1
T17709 24340-24344 NN denotes mRNA
T17700 24345-24351 NNS denotes levels
T17697 24352-24356 VBD denotes were
T17710 24357-24364 JJ denotes similar
T17711 24365-24367 IN denotes in
T17712 24368-24371 NN denotes PGC
T17714 24371-24372 HYPH denotes -
T17713 24372-24374 NN denotes 1α
T17716 24374-24375 SYM denotes +
T17717 24375-24376 HYPH denotes /
T17718 24376-24377 SYM denotes +
T17719 24378-24381 CC denotes and
T17720 24382-24385 NN denotes PGC
T17722 24385-24386 HYPH denotes -
T17721 24386-24388 NN denotes 1α
T17723 24388-24389 SYM denotes −
T17724 24389-24390 HYPH denotes /
T17725 24390-24391 SYM denotes −
T17715 24392-24396 NNS denotes mice
T17726 24397-24398 -LRB- denotes (
T17728 24398-24404 NN denotes Figure
T17727 24405-24407 NN denotes 6B
T17729 24407-24408 -RRB- denotes )
T17730 24408-24409 . denotes .
T17731 24409-24683 sentence denotes These results suggest that PGC-1α is not necessary for the induction of the expression of UCP-1 with cold exposure, and that other factors, such as reduced capacity for mitochondrial respiration, likely contribute to the abnormal thermogenic response in the PGC-1α−/− mice.
T17732 24410-24415 DT denotes These
T17733 24416-24423 NNS denotes results
T17734 24424-24431 VBP denotes suggest
T17735 24432-24436 IN denotes that
T17737 24437-24440 NN denotes PGC
T17739 24440-24441 HYPH denotes -
T17738 24441-24443 NN denotes 1α
T17736 24444-24446 VBZ denotes is
T17740 24447-24450 RB denotes not
T17741 24451-24460 JJ denotes necessary
T17742 24461-24464 IN denotes for
T17743 24465-24468 DT denotes the
T17744 24469-24478 NN denotes induction
T17745 24479-24481 IN denotes of
T17746 24482-24485 DT denotes the
T17747 24486-24496 NN denotes expression
T17748 24497-24499 IN denotes of
T17749 24500-24503 NN denotes UCP
T17750 24503-24504 HYPH denotes -
T17751 24504-24505 CD denotes 1
T17752 24506-24510 IN denotes with
T17753 24511-24515 NN denotes cold
T17754 24516-24524 NN denotes exposure
T17755 24524-24526 , denotes ,
T17756 24526-24529 CC denotes and
T17757 24530-24534 IN denotes that
T17759 24535-24540 JJ denotes other
T17760 24541-24548 NNS denotes factors
T17761 24548-24550 , denotes ,
T17762 24550-24554 JJ denotes such
T17763 24555-24557 IN denotes as
T17764 24558-24565 VBN denotes reduced
T17765 24566-24574 NN denotes capacity
T17766 24575-24578 IN denotes for
T17767 24579-24592 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T17768 24593-24604 NN denotes respiration
T17769 24604-24606 , denotes ,
T17770 24606-24612 RB denotes likely
T17758 24613-24623 VBP denotes contribute
T17771 24624-24626 IN denotes to
T17772 24627-24630 DT denotes the
T17774 24631-24639 JJ denotes abnormal
T17775 24640-24651 JJ denotes thermogenic
T17773 24652-24660 NN denotes response
T17776 24661-24663 IN denotes in
T17777 24664-24667 DT denotes the
T17779 24668-24671 NN denotes PGC
T17781 24671-24672 HYPH denotes -
T17780 24672-24674 NN denotes 1α
T17782 24674-24675 SYM denotes −
T17783 24675-24676 HYPH denotes /
T17784 24676-24677 SYM denotes −
T17778 24678-24682 NNS denotes mice
T17785 24682-24683 . denotes .
T17786 24683-24810 sentence denotes Thermogenesis in rodents related to mitochondrial uncoupling is under the control of β3-adrenergic receptor coupled signaling.
T17787 24684-24697 NN denotes Thermogenesis
T17789 24698-24700 IN denotes in
T17790 24701-24708 NNS denotes rodents
T17791 24709-24716 VBN denotes related
T17792 24717-24719 IN denotes to
T17793 24720-24733 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T17794 24734-24744 NN denotes uncoupling
T17788 24745-24747 VBZ denotes is
T17795 24748-24753 IN denotes under
T17796 24754-24757 DT denotes the
T17797 24758-24765 NN denotes control
T17798 24766-24768 IN denotes of
T17799 24769-24771 NN denotes β3
T17801 24771-24772 HYPH denotes -
T17800 24772-24782 JJ denotes adrenergic
T17802 24783-24791 NN denotes receptor
T17803 24792-24799 VBN denotes coupled
T17804 24800-24809 NN denotes signaling
T17805 24809-24810 . denotes .
T17806 24810-24924 sentence denotes Accordingly, the in vivo oxygen consumption response to β3-adrenergic stimulation was examined in PGC-1α−/− mice.
T17807 24811-24822 RB denotes Accordingly
T17809 24822-24824 , denotes ,
T17810 24824-24827 DT denotes the
T17812 24828-24830 FW denotes in
T17813 24831-24835 FW denotes vivo
T17814 24836-24842 NN denotes oxygen
T17815 24843-24854 NN denotes consumption
T17811 24855-24863 NN denotes response
T17816 24864-24866 IN denotes to
T17817 24867-24869 NN denotes β3
T17819 24869-24870 HYPH denotes -
T17818 24870-24880 JJ denotes adrenergic
T17820 24881-24892 NN denotes stimulation
T17821 24893-24896 VBD denotes was
T17808 24897-24905 VBN denotes examined
T17822 24906-24908 IN denotes in
T17823 24909-24912 NN denotes PGC
T17825 24912-24913 HYPH denotes -
T17824 24913-24915 NN denotes 1α
T17827 24915-24916 SYM denotes −
T17828 24916-24917 HYPH denotes /
T17829 24917-24918 SYM denotes −
T17826 24919-24923 NNS denotes mice
T17830 24923-24924 . denotes .
T17831 24924-25066 sentence denotes For these experiments, VO2 (oxygen consumption) was measured following administration of the β3-agonist BRL 37344 using indirect calorimetry.
T17832 24925-24928 IN denotes For
T17834 24929-24934 DT denotes these
T17835 24935-24946 NNS denotes experiments
T17836 24946-24948 , denotes ,
T17837 24948-24951 NN denotes VO2
T17838 24952-24953 -LRB- denotes (
T17839 24953-24959 NN denotes oxygen
T17840 24960-24971 NN denotes consumption
T17841 24971-24972 -RRB- denotes )
T17842 24973-24976 VBD denotes was
T17833 24977-24985 VBN denotes measured
T17843 24986-24995 VBG denotes following
T17844 24996-25010 NN denotes administration
T17845 25011-25013 IN denotes of
T17846 25014-25017 DT denotes the
T17848 25018-25020 NN denotes β3
T17849 25020-25021 HYPH denotes -
T17847 25021-25028 NN denotes agonist
T17850 25029-25032 NN denotes BRL
T17851 25033-25038 CD denotes 37344
T17852 25039-25044 VBG denotes using
T17853 25045-25053 JJ denotes indirect
T17854 25054-25065 NN denotes calorimetry
T17855 25065-25066 . denotes .
T17856 25066-25171 sentence denotes VO2 was significantly increased in response to BRL 3744 in PGC-1α+/+ but not PGC-1α−/− mice (Figure 6C).
T17857 25067-25070 NN denotes VO2
T17859 25071-25074 VBD denotes was
T17860 25075-25088 RB denotes significantly
T17858 25089-25098 VBN denotes increased
T17861 25099-25101 IN denotes in
T17862 25102-25110 NN denotes response
T17863 25111-25113 IN denotes to
T17864 25114-25117 NN denotes BRL
T17865 25118-25122 CD denotes 3744
T17866 25123-25125 IN denotes in
T17867 25126-25129 NN denotes PGC
T17869 25129-25130 HYPH denotes -
T17868 25130-25132 NN denotes 1α
T17871 25132-25133 SYM denotes +
T17872 25133-25134 HYPH denotes /
T17873 25134-25135 SYM denotes +
T17874 25136-25139 CC denotes but
T17875 25140-25143 RB denotes not
T17876 25144-25147 NN denotes PGC
T17878 25147-25148 HYPH denotes -
T17877 25148-25150 NN denotes 1α
T17879 25150-25151 SYM denotes −
T17880 25151-25152 HYPH denotes /
T17881 25152-25153 SYM denotes −
T17870 25154-25158 NNS denotes mice
T17882 25159-25160 -LRB- denotes (
T17884 25160-25166 NN denotes Figure
T17883 25167-25169 NN denotes 6C
T17885 25169-25170 -RRB- denotes )
T17886 25170-25171 . denotes .
T17887 25171-25409 sentence denotes These results indicate that the metabolic response of BAT to an acute stimulus such as cold and/or β3-adrenergic stimulation is altered in the PGC-1α null mice, likely related to reduced capacity for mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling.
T17888 25172-25177 DT denotes These
T17889 25178-25185 NNS denotes results
T17890 25186-25194 VBP denotes indicate
T17891 25195-25199 IN denotes that
T17893 25200-25203 DT denotes the
T17895 25204-25213 JJ denotes metabolic
T17894 25214-25222 NN denotes response
T17896 25223-25225 IN denotes of
T17897 25226-25229 NN denotes BAT
T17898 25230-25232 IN denotes to
T17899 25233-25235 DT denotes an
T17901 25236-25241 JJ denotes acute
T17900 25242-25250 NN denotes stimulus
T17902 25251-25255 JJ denotes such
T17903 25256-25258 IN denotes as
T17904 25259-25263 JJ denotes cold
T17906 25264-25267 CC denotes and
T17907 25267-25268 HYPH denotes /
T17908 25268-25270 CC denotes or
T17909 25271-25273 NN denotes β3
T17911 25273-25274 HYPH denotes -
T17910 25274-25284 JJ denotes adrenergic
T17905 25285-25296 NN denotes stimulation
T17912 25297-25299 VBZ denotes is
T17892 25300-25307 VBN denotes altered
T17913 25308-25310 IN denotes in
T17914 25311-25314 DT denotes the
T17916 25315-25318 NN denotes PGC
T17918 25318-25319 HYPH denotes -
T17917 25319-25321 NN denotes 1α
T17919 25322-25326 JJ denotes null
T17915 25327-25331 NNS denotes mice
T17920 25331-25333 , denotes ,
T17921 25333-25339 RB denotes likely
T17922 25340-25347 VBN denotes related
T17923 25348-25350 IN denotes to
T17924 25351-25358 VBN denotes reduced
T17925 25359-25367 NN denotes capacity
T17926 25368-25371 IN denotes for
T17927 25372-25385 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T17929 25386-25397 JJ denotes respiratory
T17928 25398-25408 NN denotes uncoupling
T17930 25408-25409 . denotes .
T20245 25411-25418 NN denotes Fasting
T20247 25418-25419 HYPH denotes -
T20246 25419-25426 VBN denotes Induced
T20249 25427-25434 JJ denotes Hepatic
T20248 25435-25444 NN denotes Steatosis
T20250 25445-25447 IN denotes in
T20251 25448-25451 NN denotes PGC
T20253 25451-25452 HYPH denotes -
T20252 25452-25454 NN denotes 1α
T20255 25454-25455 SYM denotes −
T20256 25455-25456 HYPH denotes /
T20257 25456-25457 SYM denotes −
T20254 25458-25462 NNS denotes Mice
T20258 25462-25607 sentence denotes Previous studies have implicated PGC-1α in several hepatic metabolic functions including fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis [18,19,20,21].
T20259 25463-25471 JJ denotes Previous
T20260 25472-25479 NNS denotes studies
T20262 25480-25484 VBP denotes have
T20261 25485-25495 VBN denotes implicated
T20263 25496-25499 NN denotes PGC
T20265 25499-25500 HYPH denotes -
T20264 25500-25502 NN denotes 1α
T20266 25503-25505 IN denotes in
T20267 25506-25513 JJ denotes several
T20269 25514-25521 JJ denotes hepatic
T20270 25522-25531 JJ denotes metabolic
T20268 25532-25541 NNS denotes functions
T20271 25542-25551 VBG denotes including
T20272 25552-25557 JJ denotes fatty
T20273 25558-25562 NN denotes acid
T20274 25563-25572 NN denotes oxidation
T20275 25573-25576 CC denotes and
T20276 25577-25592 NN denotes gluconeogenesis
T20277 25593-25594 -LRB- denotes [
T20279 25594-25596 CD denotes 18
T20280 25596-25597 , denotes ,
T20281 25597-25599 CD denotes 19
T20282 25599-25600 , denotes ,
T20283 25600-25602 CD denotes 20
T20284 25602-25603 , denotes ,
T20278 25603-25605 CD denotes 21
T20285 25605-25606 -RRB- denotes ]
T20286 25606-25607 . denotes .
T20287 25607-25788 sentence denotes Accordingly, the hepatic phenotype was evaluated under basal conditions and following a 24-h fast, a stimulus known to induce fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenic rates in liver.
T20288 25608-25619 RB denotes Accordingly
T20290 25619-25621 , denotes ,
T20291 25621-25624 DT denotes the
T20293 25625-25632 JJ denotes hepatic
T20292 25633-25642 NN denotes phenotype
T20294 25643-25646 VBD denotes was
T20289 25647-25656 VBN denotes evaluated
T20295 25657-25662 IN denotes under
T20296 25663-25668 JJ denotes basal
T20297 25669-25679 NNS denotes conditions
T20298 25680-25683 CC denotes and
T20299 25684-25693 VBG denotes following
T20300 25694-25695 DT denotes a
T20302 25696-25698 CD denotes 24
T20304 25698-25699 HYPH denotes -
T20303 25699-25700 NN denotes h
T20301 25701-25705 NN denotes fast
T20305 25705-25707 , denotes ,
T20306 25707-25708 DT denotes a
T20307 25709-25717 NN denotes stimulus
T20308 25718-25723 VBN denotes known
T20309 25724-25726 TO denotes to
T20310 25727-25733 VB denotes induce
T20311 25734-25739 JJ denotes fatty
T20312 25740-25744 NN denotes acid
T20313 25745-25754 NN denotes oxidation
T20314 25755-25758 CC denotes and
T20315 25759-25772 JJ denotes gluconeogenic
T20316 25773-25778 NNS denotes rates
T20317 25779-25781 IN denotes in
T20318 25782-25787 NN denotes liver
T20319 25787-25788 . denotes .
T20320 25788-25938 sentence denotes Under basal fed conditions, the livers of the PGC-1α−/− mice appeared grossly normal and did not exhibit histologic abnormalities (unpublished data).
T20321 25789-25794 IN denotes Under
T20323 25795-25800 JJ denotes basal
T20325 25801-25804 VBN denotes fed
T20324 25805-25815 NNS denotes conditions
T20326 25815-25817 , denotes ,
T20327 25817-25820 DT denotes the
T20328 25821-25827 NNS denotes livers
T20329 25828-25830 IN denotes of
T20330 25831-25834 DT denotes the
T20332 25835-25838 NN denotes PGC
T20334 25838-25839 HYPH denotes -
T20333 25839-25841 NN denotes 1α
T20335 25841-25842 SYM denotes −
T20336 25842-25843 HYPH denotes /
T20337 25843-25844 SYM denotes −
T20331 25845-25849 NNS denotes mice
T20322 25850-25858 VBD denotes appeared
T20338 25859-25866 RB denotes grossly
T20339 25867-25873 JJ denotes normal
T20340 25874-25877 CC denotes and
T20341 25878-25881 VBD denotes did
T20343 25882-25885 RB denotes not
T20342 25886-25893 VB denotes exhibit
T20344 25894-25904 JJ denotes histologic
T20345 25905-25918 NNS denotes abnormalities
T20346 25919-25920 -LRB- denotes (
T20348 25920-25931 JJ denotes unpublished
T20347 25932-25936 NNS denotes data
T20349 25936-25937 -RRB- denotes )
T20350 25937-25938 . denotes .
T20351 25938-26164 sentence denotes However, following a 24 h-fast, the PGC-1α−/− mice exhibited marked hepatic steatosis as determined by gross inspection, oil red O staining, electron microscopy, and measurements of liver triglyceride (TAG) levels (Figure 7).
T20352 25939-25946 RB denotes However
T20354 25946-25948 , denotes ,
T20355 25948-25957 VBG denotes following
T20356 25958-25959 DT denotes a
T20358 25960-25962 CD denotes 24
T20359 25963-25964 NN denotes h
T20360 25964-25965 HYPH denotes -
T20357 25965-25969 NN denotes fast
T20361 25969-25971 , denotes ,
T20362 25971-25974 DT denotes the
T20364 25975-25978 NN denotes PGC
T20366 25978-25979 HYPH denotes -
T20365 25979-25981 NN denotes 1α
T20367 25981-25982 SYM denotes −
T20368 25982-25983 HYPH denotes /
T20369 25983-25984 SYM denotes −
T20363 25985-25989 NNS denotes mice
T20353 25990-25999 VBD denotes exhibited
T20370 26000-26006 JJ denotes marked
T20372 26007-26014 JJ denotes hepatic
T20371 26015-26024 NN denotes steatosis
T20373 26025-26027 IN denotes as
T20374 26028-26038 VBN denotes determined
T20375 26039-26041 IN denotes by
T20376 26042-26047 JJ denotes gross
T20377 26048-26058 NN denotes inspection
T20378 26058-26060 , denotes ,
T20379 26060-26063 NN denotes oil
T20381 26064-26067 JJ denotes red
T20380 26068-26069 NN denotes O
T20382 26070-26078 NN denotes staining
T20383 26078-26080 , denotes ,
T20384 26080-26088 NN denotes electron
T20385 26089-26099 NN denotes microscopy
T20386 26099-26101 , denotes ,
T20387 26101-26104 CC denotes and
T20388 26105-26117 NNS denotes measurements
T20389 26118-26120 IN denotes of
T20390 26121-26126 NN denotes liver
T20392 26127-26139 NN denotes triglyceride
T20393 26140-26141 -LRB- denotes (
T20394 26141-26144 NN denotes TAG
T20395 26144-26145 -RRB- denotes )
T20391 26146-26152 NNS denotes levels
T20396 26153-26154 -LRB- denotes (
T20397 26154-26160 NN denotes Figure
T20398 26161-26162 CD denotes 7
T20399 26162-26163 -RRB- denotes )
T20400 26163-26164 . denotes .
T20401 26164-26300 sentence denotes There were no differences in plasma triglycerides or free fatty acids between the genotypes in fed or fasted states (unpublished data).
T20402 26165-26170 EX denotes There
T20403 26171-26175 VBD denotes were
T20404 26176-26178 DT denotes no
T20405 26179-26190 NNS denotes differences
T20406 26191-26193 IN denotes in
T20407 26194-26200 NN denotes plasma
T20408 26201-26214 NNS denotes triglycerides
T20409 26215-26217 CC denotes or
T20410 26218-26222 JJ denotes free
T20412 26223-26228 JJ denotes fatty
T20411 26229-26234 NNS denotes acids
T20413 26235-26242 IN denotes between
T20414 26243-26246 DT denotes the
T20415 26247-26256 NNS denotes genotypes
T20416 26257-26259 IN denotes in
T20417 26260-26263 VBN denotes fed
T20419 26264-26266 CC denotes or
T20420 26267-26273 VBN denotes fasted
T20418 26274-26280 NNS denotes states
T20421 26281-26282 -LRB- denotes (
T20423 26282-26293 JJ denotes unpublished
T20422 26294-26298 NNS denotes data
T20424 26298-26299 -RRB- denotes )
T20425 26299-26300 . denotes .
T20426 26300-26461 sentence denotes To further investigate the mechanisms involved in the fasting-induced hepatic steatotic response, hepatocytes were isolated from PGC-1α−/− mice and WT controls.
T20427 26301-26303 TO denotes To
T20429 26304-26311 RB denotes further
T20428 26312-26323 VB denotes investigate
T20431 26324-26327 DT denotes the
T20432 26328-26338 NNS denotes mechanisms
T20433 26339-26347 VBN denotes involved
T20434 26348-26350 IN denotes in
T20435 26351-26354 DT denotes the
T20437 26355-26362 NN denotes fasting
T20439 26362-26363 HYPH denotes -
T20438 26363-26370 VBN denotes induced
T20440 26371-26378 JJ denotes hepatic
T20441 26379-26388 JJ denotes steatotic
T20436 26389-26397 NN denotes response
T20442 26397-26399 , denotes ,
T20443 26399-26410 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20444 26411-26415 VBD denotes were
T20430 26416-26424 VBN denotes isolated
T20445 26425-26429 IN denotes from
T20446 26430-26433 NN denotes PGC
T20448 26433-26434 HYPH denotes -
T20447 26434-26436 NN denotes 1α
T20450 26436-26437 SYM denotes −
T20451 26437-26438 HYPH denotes /
T20452 26438-26439 SYM denotes −
T20449 26440-26444 NNS denotes mice
T20453 26445-26448 CC denotes and
T20454 26449-26451 NN denotes WT
T20455 26452-26460 NNS denotes controls
T20456 26460-26461 . denotes .
T20457 26461-26619 sentence denotes Oleate loading experiments revealed that the PGC-1α−/− hepatocytes accumulated neutral lipid to a significantly greater extent than the WT cells (Figure 8A).
T20458 26462-26468 NN denotes Oleate
T20459 26469-26476 NN denotes loading
T20460 26477-26488 NNS denotes experiments
T20461 26489-26497 VBD denotes revealed
T20462 26498-26502 IN denotes that
T20464 26503-26506 DT denotes the
T20466 26507-26510 NN denotes PGC
T20468 26510-26511 HYPH denotes -
T20467 26511-26513 NN denotes 1α
T20469 26513-26514 SYM denotes −
T20470 26514-26515 HYPH denotes /
T20471 26515-26516 SYM denotes −
T20465 26517-26528 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20463 26529-26540 VBD denotes accumulated
T20472 26541-26548 JJ denotes neutral
T20473 26549-26554 NN denotes lipid
T20474 26555-26557 IN denotes to
T20475 26558-26559 DT denotes a
T20477 26560-26573 RB denotes significantly
T20478 26574-26581 JJR denotes greater
T20476 26582-26588 NN denotes extent
T20479 26589-26593 IN denotes than
T20480 26594-26597 DT denotes the
T20482 26598-26600 NN denotes WT
T20481 26601-26606 NNS denotes cells
T20483 26607-26608 -LRB- denotes (
T20485 26608-26614 NN denotes Figure
T20484 26615-26617 NN denotes 8A
T20486 26617-26618 -RRB- denotes )
T20487 26618-26619 . denotes .
T20488 26619-26801 sentence denotes 3H-palmitate oxidation rates were significantly lower in PGC-1α−/− hepatocytes compared to PGC-1α+/+ hepatocytes under basal conditions and following exposure to oleate (Figure 8B).
T20489 26620-26622 NN denotes 3H
T20491 26622-26623 HYPH denotes -
T20490 26623-26632 NN denotes palmitate
T20492 26633-26642 NN denotes oxidation
T20493 26643-26648 NNS denotes rates
T20494 26649-26653 VBD denotes were
T20495 26654-26667 RB denotes significantly
T20496 26668-26673 JJR denotes lower
T20497 26674-26676 IN denotes in
T20498 26677-26680 NN denotes PGC
T20500 26680-26681 HYPH denotes -
T20499 26681-26683 NN denotes 1α
T20502 26683-26684 SYM denotes −
T20503 26684-26685 HYPH denotes /
T20504 26685-26686 SYM denotes −
T20501 26687-26698 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20505 26699-26707 VBN denotes compared
T20506 26708-26710 IN denotes to
T20507 26711-26714 NN denotes PGC
T20509 26714-26715 HYPH denotes -
T20508 26715-26717 NN denotes 1α
T20511 26717-26718 SYM denotes +
T20512 26718-26719 HYPH denotes /
T20513 26719-26720 SYM denotes +
T20510 26721-26732 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20514 26733-26738 IN denotes under
T20515 26739-26744 JJ denotes basal
T20516 26745-26755 NNS denotes conditions
T20517 26756-26759 CC denotes and
T20518 26760-26769 IN denotes following
T20519 26770-26778 NN denotes exposure
T20520 26779-26781 IN denotes to
T20521 26782-26788 NN denotes oleate
T20522 26789-26790 -LRB- denotes (
T20524 26790-26796 NN denotes Figure
T20523 26797-26799 NN denotes 8B
T20525 26799-26800 -RRB- denotes )
T20526 26800-26801 . denotes .
T20527 26801-27036 sentence denotes Taken together, these latter results indicate a cell-autonomous defect in PGC-1α−/− hepatocytes that results in an inability to maintain cellular lipid balance in the context of increased delivery of lipid such as occurs with fasting.
T20528 26802-26807 VBN denotes Taken
T20530 26808-26816 RB denotes together
T20531 26816-26818 , denotes ,
T20532 26818-26823 DT denotes these
T20534 26824-26830 JJ denotes latter
T20533 26831-26838 NNS denotes results
T20529 26839-26847 VBP denotes indicate
T20535 26848-26849 DT denotes a
T20537 26850-26854 NN denotes cell
T20539 26854-26855 HYPH denotes -
T20538 26855-26865 JJ denotes autonomous
T20536 26866-26872 NN denotes defect
T20540 26873-26875 IN denotes in
T20541 26876-26879 NN denotes PGC
T20543 26879-26880 HYPH denotes -
T20542 26880-26882 NN denotes 1α
T20545 26882-26883 SYM denotes −
T20546 26883-26884 HYPH denotes /
T20547 26884-26885 SYM denotes −
T20544 26886-26897 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20548 26898-26902 WDT denotes that
T20549 26903-26910 VBZ denotes results
T20550 26911-26913 IN denotes in
T20551 26914-26916 DT denotes an
T20552 26917-26926 NN denotes inability
T20553 26927-26929 TO denotes to
T20554 26930-26938 VB denotes maintain
T20555 26939-26947 JJ denotes cellular
T20557 26948-26953 NN denotes lipid
T20556 26954-26961 NN denotes balance
T20558 26962-26964 IN denotes in
T20559 26965-26968 DT denotes the
T20560 26969-26976 NN denotes context
T20561 26977-26979 IN denotes of
T20562 26980-26989 VBN denotes increased
T20563 26990-26998 NN denotes delivery
T20564 26999-27001 IN denotes of
T20565 27002-27007 NN denotes lipid
T20566 27008-27012 JJ denotes such
T20567 27013-27015 IN denotes as
T20568 27016-27022 VBZ denotes occurs
T20569 27023-27027 IN denotes with
T20570 27028-27035 NN denotes fasting
T20571 27035-27036 . denotes .
T20572 27036-29050 sentence denotes Figure 7 Fasting-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Develops in PGC-1α−/− Mice (A) The photograph depicts the development of a pale liver in PGC-1α−/− mice subjected to a 24-h fast. (B) Oil red O staining of histologic sections of liver taken from PGC-1α−/− mice under fed and 24 h fasted conditions. The red staining indicates neutral lipid. (C) Representative electron micrographs of the liver from PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice following a 24-h fast. The droplets are indicative of neutral lipid accumulation. (D) Mean liver TAG levels in PGC-1α+/+ (n = 5) and PGC-1α−/− (n = 5) mice under fed and 24-h fasted conditions. * p < 0.05. Figure 8 Hepatocytes Isolated from PGC-1α−/− Mice Exhibit Reduced Oxidative Capacity (A) Oil red O staining of isolated hepatocytes exposed to BSA alone (BSA) or 50 μM oleate complexed to BSA (oleate). (B) 3H-palmitate oxidation rates. 3H-palmitate oxidation rates determined in hepatocytes isolated from PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice under cell culture conditions containing BSA or BSA + 50 μM oleate (2:1 oleate/BSA ratio). Values were derived from ten sets of triplicates for each group using hepatocytes from 5 mice of each genotype. The bars represent mean oxidation rates (n = 100) normalized to the condition of PGC-1α+/+ in BSA alone. * p < 0.05 compared to the corresponding PGC-1α+/+ mice. † p < 0.05 compared to PGC-1α+/+ with BSA treatment. (C) State 2 and 3 respiration rates determined for hepatocytes isolated from PGC-1α+/+ (n = 3) and PGC-1α−/− (n = 3) mice using succinate/rotenone as a substrate. * p < 0.05 compared to corresponding PGC-1α+/+. (D) TAG synthesis rates in isolated hepatocytes. The bars represent mean TAG synthesis rates (glycerol incorporation, see Materials and Methods) for hepatocytes isolated from PGC-1α+/+ (n = 6) and PGC-1α−/− (n = 6) mice. * p < 0.05 compared to the corresponding PGC-1α+/+ condition. PPAR, a known regulator of hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzyme gene expression, is a target for coactivation by PGC-1α [31].
T20573 28912-28916 NN denotes PPAR
T20575 28916-28918 , denotes ,
T20576 28918-28919 DT denotes a
T20578 28920-28925 JJ denotes known
T20577 28926-28935 NN denotes regulator
T20579 28936-28938 IN denotes of
T20580 28939-28946 JJ denotes hepatic
T20582 28947-28960 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T20583 28961-28966 JJ denotes fatty
T20584 28967-28971 NN denotes acid
T20585 28972-28981 NN denotes oxidation
T20581 28982-28988 NN denotes enzyme
T20587 28989-28993 NN denotes gene
T20586 28994-29004 NN denotes expression
T20588 29004-29006 , denotes ,
T20574 29006-29008 VBZ denotes is
T20589 29009-29010 DT denotes a
T20590 29011-29017 NN denotes target
T20591 29018-29021 IN denotes for
T20592 29022-29034 NN denotes coactivation
T20593 29035-29037 IN denotes by
T20594 29038-29041 NN denotes PGC
T20596 29041-29042 HYPH denotes -
T20595 29042-29044 NN denotes 1α
T20597 29045-29046 -LRB- denotes [
T20598 29046-29048 CD denotes 31
T20599 29048-29049 -RRB- denotes ]
T20600 29049-29050 . denotes .
T20601 29050-29190 sentence denotes Therefore, we sought to determine whether the steatotic phenotype of the PGC-1α−/− mice related to reduced expression of PPAR target genes.
T20602 29051-29060 RB denotes Therefore
T20604 29060-29062 , denotes ,
T20605 29062-29064 PRP denotes we
T20603 29065-29071 VBD denotes sought
T20606 29072-29074 TO denotes to
T20607 29075-29084 VB denotes determine
T20608 29085-29092 IN denotes whether
T20610 29093-29096 DT denotes the
T20612 29097-29106 JJ denotes steatotic
T20611 29107-29116 NN denotes phenotype
T20613 29117-29119 IN denotes of
T20614 29120-29123 DT denotes the
T20616 29124-29127 NN denotes PGC
T20618 29127-29128 HYPH denotes -
T20617 29128-29130 NN denotes 1α
T20619 29130-29131 SYM denotes −
T20620 29131-29132 HYPH denotes /
T20621 29132-29133 SYM denotes −
T20615 29134-29138 NNS denotes mice
T20609 29139-29146 VBN denotes related
T20622 29147-29149 IN denotes to
T20623 29150-29157 VBN denotes reduced
T20624 29158-29168 NN denotes expression
T20625 29169-29171 IN denotes of
T20626 29172-29176 NN denotes PPAR
T20628 29177-29183 NN denotes target
T20627 29184-29189 NNS denotes genes
T20629 29189-29190 . denotes .
T20630 29190-29289 sentence denotes To this end, a survey of candidate genes and gene expression profiling experiments were performed.
T20631 29191-29193 IN denotes To
T20633 29194-29198 DT denotes this
T20634 29199-29202 NN denotes end
T20635 29202-29204 , denotes ,
T20636 29204-29205 DT denotes a
T20637 29206-29212 NN denotes survey
T20638 29213-29215 IN denotes of
T20639 29216-29225 NN denotes candidate
T20640 29226-29231 NNS denotes genes
T20641 29232-29235 CC denotes and
T20642 29236-29240 NN denotes gene
T20643 29241-29251 NN denotes expression
T20644 29252-29261 NN denotes profiling
T20645 29262-29273 NNS denotes experiments
T20646 29274-29278 VBD denotes were
T20632 29279-29288 VBN denotes performed
T20647 29288-29289 . denotes .
T20648 29289-29506 sentence denotes Surprisingly, the hepatic expression of PPAR target genes involved in cellular fatty acid and oxidation (MCPT and MCAD) were not significantly different between the genotypes under fed or fasted conditions (Table 2).
T20649 29290-29302 RB denotes Surprisingly
T20651 29302-29304 , denotes ,
T20652 29304-29307 DT denotes the
T20654 29308-29315 JJ denotes hepatic
T20653 29316-29326 NN denotes expression
T20655 29327-29329 IN denotes of
T20656 29330-29334 NN denotes PPAR
T20658 29335-29341 NN denotes target
T20657 29342-29347 NNS denotes genes
T20659 29348-29356 VBN denotes involved
T20660 29357-29359 IN denotes in
T20661 29360-29368 JJ denotes cellular
T20663 29369-29374 JJ denotes fatty
T20662 29375-29379 NN denotes acid
T20664 29380-29383 CC denotes and
T20665 29384-29393 NN denotes oxidation
T20666 29394-29395 -LRB- denotes (
T20667 29395-29399 NN denotes MCPT
T20668 29400-29403 CC denotes and
T20669 29404-29408 NN denotes MCAD
T20670 29408-29409 -RRB- denotes )
T20650 29410-29414 VBD denotes were
T20671 29415-29418 RB denotes not
T20672 29419-29432 RB denotes significantly
T20673 29433-29442 JJ denotes different
T20674 29443-29450 IN denotes between
T20675 29451-29454 DT denotes the
T20676 29455-29464 NNS denotes genotypes
T20677 29465-29470 IN denotes under
T20678 29471-29474 VBN denotes fed
T20680 29475-29477 CC denotes or
T20681 29478-29484 VBN denotes fasted
T20679 29485-29495 NNS denotes conditions
T20682 29496-29497 -LRB- denotes (
T20683 29497-29502 NN denotes Table
T20684 29503-29504 CD denotes 2
T20685 29504-29505 -RRB- denotes )
T20686 29505-29506 . denotes .
T20687 29506-29697 sentence denotes Next, we performed experiments to determine whether the reduced capacity for fat oxidation in the hepatocytes of the PGC-1α−/− mice was related to altered mitochondrial respiratory function.
T20688 29507-29511 RB denotes Next
T20690 29511-29513 , denotes ,
T20691 29513-29515 PRP denotes we
T20689 29516-29525 VBD denotes performed
T20692 29526-29537 NNS denotes experiments
T20693 29538-29540 TO denotes to
T20694 29541-29550 VB denotes determine
T20695 29551-29558 IN denotes whether
T20697 29559-29562 DT denotes the
T20699 29563-29570 VBN denotes reduced
T20698 29571-29579 NN denotes capacity
T20700 29580-29583 IN denotes for
T20701 29584-29587 NN denotes fat
T20702 29588-29597 NN denotes oxidation
T20703 29598-29600 IN denotes in
T20704 29601-29604 DT denotes the
T20705 29605-29616 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20706 29617-29619 IN denotes of
T20707 29620-29623 DT denotes the
T20709 29624-29627 NN denotes PGC
T20711 29627-29628 HYPH denotes -
T20710 29628-29630 NN denotes 1α
T20712 29630-29631 SYM denotes −
T20713 29631-29632 HYPH denotes /
T20714 29632-29633 SYM denotes −
T20708 29634-29638 NNS denotes mice
T20715 29639-29642 VBD denotes was
T20696 29643-29650 VBN denotes related
T20716 29651-29653 IN denotes to
T20717 29654-29661 JJ denotes altered
T20719 29662-29675 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T20720 29676-29687 JJ denotes respiratory
T20718 29688-29696 NN denotes function
T20721 29696-29697 . denotes .
T20722 29697-29852 sentence denotes Compared to the WT controls, PGC-1α−/− hepatocytes exhibited a modest but significant reduction in both state 2 and state 3 respiration rates (Figure 8C).
T20723 29698-29706 VBN denotes Compared
T20725 29707-29709 IN denotes to
T20726 29710-29713 DT denotes the
T20728 29714-29716 NN denotes WT
T20727 29717-29725 NNS denotes controls
T20729 29725-29727 , denotes ,
T20730 29727-29730 NN denotes PGC
T20732 29730-29731 HYPH denotes -
T20731 29731-29733 NN denotes 1α
T20734 29733-29734 SYM denotes −
T20735 29734-29735 HYPH denotes /
T20736 29735-29736 SYM denotes −
T20733 29737-29748 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20724 29749-29758 VBD denotes exhibited
T20737 29759-29760 DT denotes a
T20739 29761-29767 JJ denotes modest
T20740 29768-29771 CC denotes but
T20741 29772-29783 JJ denotes significant
T20738 29784-29793 NN denotes reduction
T20742 29794-29796 IN denotes in
T20743 29797-29801 CC denotes both
T20744 29802-29807 NN denotes state
T20746 29808-29809 CD denotes 2
T20747 29810-29813 CC denotes and
T20748 29814-29819 NN denotes state
T20749 29820-29821 CD denotes 3
T20750 29822-29833 NN denotes respiration
T20745 29834-29839 NNS denotes rates
T20751 29840-29841 -LRB- denotes (
T20753 29841-29847 NN denotes Figure
T20752 29848-29850 NN denotes 8C
T20754 29850-29851 -RRB- denotes )
T20755 29851-29852 . denotes .
T20756 29852-30035 sentence denotes These results identify one potential mechanism responsible for the fasting-induced hepatic steatosis: reduced capacity for fat oxidation due to mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction.
T20757 29853-29858 DT denotes These
T20758 29859-29866 NNS denotes results
T20759 29867-29875 VBP denotes identify
T20760 29876-29879 CD denotes one
T20762 29880-29889 JJ denotes potential
T20761 29890-29899 NN denotes mechanism
T20763 29900-29911 JJ denotes responsible
T20764 29912-29915 IN denotes for
T20765 29916-29919 DT denotes the
T20767 29920-29927 NN denotes fasting
T20769 29927-29928 HYPH denotes -
T20768 29928-29935 VBN denotes induced
T20770 29936-29943 JJ denotes hepatic
T20766 29944-29953 NN denotes steatosis
T20771 29953-29955 : denotes :
T20772 29955-29962 VBN denotes reduced
T20773 29963-29971 NN denotes capacity
T20774 29972-29975 IN denotes for
T20775 29976-29979 NN denotes fat
T20776 29980-29989 NN denotes oxidation
T20777 29990-29993 IN denotes due
T20778 29994-29996 IN denotes to
T20779 29997-30010 JJ denotes mitochondrial
T20781 30011-30022 JJ denotes respiratory
T20780 30023-30034 NN denotes dysfunction
T20782 30034-30035 . denotes .
T20783 30035-30989 sentence denotes Table 2 Metabolic Gene Expression in Liver of Fed and Fasted PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− Mice Values represent mean (± SEM) (n ≥ 6 for each group) mRNA levels as determined by real-time RT-PCR corrected for GAPDH signal intensity and normalized (to 1.0) to the value of fed PGC-1α+/+ mice a  p < 0.05 versus fed mice of the same genotype b  p < 0.05 versus PGC-1α+/+ mice of the same dietary treatment L-CPT I, liver-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase; MCAD, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; SREBP, sterol regulatory element binding protein; SCD, steroyl-CoA desaturase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; DGAT, diacylglycerol acyltransferase Although the liver gene expression profiling studies did not reveal abnormalities in the fatty acid oxidation pathway in the PGC-1α−/− mice, several interesting differences in the activity of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) pathway were noted.
T20784 30718-30726 IN denotes Although
T20786 30727-30730 DT denotes the
T20788 30731-30736 NN denotes liver
T20789 30737-30741 NN denotes gene
T20791 30742-30752 NN denotes expression
T20790 30753-30762 NN denotes profiling
T20787 30763-30770 NNS denotes studies
T20792 30771-30774 VBD denotes did
T20793 30775-30778 RB denotes not
T20785 30779-30785 VB denotes reveal
T20795 30786-30799 NNS denotes abnormalities
T20796 30800-30802 IN denotes in
T20797 30803-30806 DT denotes the
T20799 30807-30812 JJ denotes fatty
T20800 30813-30817 NN denotes acid
T20801 30818-30827 NN denotes oxidation
T20798 30828-30835 NN denotes pathway
T20802 30836-30838 IN denotes in
T20803 30839-30842 DT denotes the
T20805 30843-30846 NN denotes PGC
T20807 30846-30847 HYPH denotes -
T20806 30847-30849 NN denotes 1α
T20808 30849-30850 SYM denotes −
T20809 30850-30851 HYPH denotes /
T20810 30851-30852 SYM denotes −
T20804 30853-30857 NNS denotes mice
T20811 30857-30859 , denotes ,
T20812 30859-30866 JJ denotes several
T20814 30867-30878 JJ denotes interesting
T20813 30879-30890 NNS denotes differences
T20815 30891-30893 IN denotes in
T20816 30894-30897 DT denotes the
T20817 30898-30906 NN denotes activity
T20818 30907-30909 IN denotes of
T20819 30910-30913 DT denotes the
T20821 30914-30920 NN denotes sterol
T20823 30921-30931 JJ denotes regulatory
T20824 30932-30939 NN denotes element
T20825 30940-30947 NN denotes binding
T20822 30948-30955 NN denotes protein
T20827 30955-30956 HYPH denotes -
T20826 30956-30958 NN denotes 1c
T20828 30959-30960 -LRB- denotes (
T20829 30960-30965 NN denotes SREBP
T20831 30965-30966 HYPH denotes -
T20830 30966-30968 NN denotes 1c
T20832 30968-30969 -RRB- denotes )
T20820 30970-30977 NN denotes pathway
T20833 30978-30982 VBD denotes were
T20794 30983-30988 VBN denotes noted
T20834 30988-30989 . denotes .
T20835 30989-31147 sentence denotes Specifically, the fasting-mediated down-regulation of SREBP-1c and its target gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), was abolished in PGC-1α−/− mice (Table 2).
T20836 30990-31002 RB denotes Specifically
T20838 31002-31004 , denotes ,
T20839 31004-31007 DT denotes the
T20841 31008-31015 NN denotes fasting
T20843 31015-31016 HYPH denotes -
T20842 31016-31024 VBN denotes mediated
T20844 31025-31029 NN denotes down
T20845 31029-31030 HYPH denotes -
T20840 31030-31040 NN denotes regulation
T20846 31041-31043 IN denotes of
T20847 31044-31049 NN denotes SREBP
T20849 31049-31050 HYPH denotes -
T20848 31050-31052 NN denotes 1c
T20850 31053-31056 CC denotes and
T20851 31057-31060 PRP$ denotes its
T20853 31061-31067 NN denotes target
T20852 31068-31072 NN denotes gene
T20854 31073-31081 NN denotes stearoyl
T20856 31081-31082 HYPH denotes -
T20857 31082-31085 NN denotes CoA
T20855 31086-31096 NN denotes desaturase
T20858 31097-31098 -LRB- denotes (
T20859 31098-31102 NN denotes SCD1
T20860 31102-31103 -RRB- denotes )
T20861 31103-31105 , denotes ,
T20862 31105-31108 VBD denotes was
T20837 31109-31118 VBN denotes abolished
T20863 31119-31121 IN denotes in
T20864 31122-31125 NN denotes PGC
T20866 31125-31126 HYPH denotes -
T20865 31126-31128 NN denotes 1α
T20868 31128-31129 SYM denotes −
T20869 31129-31130 HYPH denotes /
T20870 31130-31131 SYM denotes −
T20867 31132-31136 NNS denotes mice
T20871 31137-31138 -LRB- denotes (
T20872 31138-31143 NN denotes Table
T20873 31144-31145 CD denotes 2
T20874 31145-31146 -RRB- denotes )
T20875 31146-31147 . denotes .
T20876 31147-31373 sentence denotes Furthermore, expression of the gene encoding diglyceride acyltransferase (DGAT), which catalyzes the last step in TAG synthesis, was activated at baseline and induced by fasting to a greater level in PGC-1α−/− mice (Table 2).
T20877 31148-31159 RB denotes Furthermore
T20879 31159-31161 , denotes ,
T20880 31161-31171 NN denotes expression
T20881 31172-31174 IN denotes of
T20882 31175-31178 DT denotes the
T20883 31179-31183 NN denotes gene
T20884 31184-31192 VBG denotes encoding
T20885 31193-31204 NN denotes diglyceride
T20886 31205-31220 NN denotes acyltransferase
T20887 31221-31222 -LRB- denotes (
T20888 31222-31226 NN denotes DGAT
T20889 31226-31227 -RRB- denotes )
T20890 31227-31229 , denotes ,
T20891 31229-31234 WDT denotes which
T20892 31235-31244 VBZ denotes catalyzes
T20893 31245-31248 DT denotes the
T20895 31249-31253 JJ denotes last
T20894 31254-31258 NN denotes step
T20896 31259-31261 IN denotes in
T20897 31262-31265 NN denotes TAG
T20898 31266-31275 NN denotes synthesis
T20899 31275-31277 , denotes ,
T20900 31277-31280 VBD denotes was
T20878 31281-31290 VBN denotes activated
T20901 31291-31293 IN denotes at
T20902 31294-31302 NN denotes baseline
T20903 31303-31306 CC denotes and
T20904 31307-31314 VBN denotes induced
T20905 31315-31317 IN denotes by
T20906 31318-31325 VBG denotes fasting
T20907 31326-31328 IN denotes to
T20908 31329-31330 DT denotes a
T20910 31331-31338 JJR denotes greater
T20909 31339-31344 NN denotes level
T20911 31345-31347 IN denotes in
T20912 31348-31351 NN denotes PGC
T20914 31351-31352 HYPH denotes -
T20913 31352-31354 NN denotes 1α
T20916 31354-31355 SYM denotes −
T20917 31355-31356 HYPH denotes /
T20918 31356-31357 SYM denotes −
T20915 31358-31362 NNS denotes mice
T20919 31363-31364 -LRB- denotes (
T20920 31364-31369 NN denotes Table
T20921 31370-31371 CD denotes 2
T20922 31371-31372 -RRB- denotes )
T20923 31372-31373 . denotes .
T20924 31373-31516 sentence denotes These results suggest that, in addition to a defect in oxidation, components of the TAG synthesis pathway are activated in the PGC-1α−/− mice.
T20925 31374-31379 DT denotes These
T20926 31380-31387 NNS denotes results
T20927 31388-31395 VBP denotes suggest
T20928 31396-31400 IN denotes that
T20930 31400-31402 , denotes ,
T20931 31402-31404 IN denotes in
T20932 31405-31413 NN denotes addition
T20933 31414-31416 IN denotes to
T20934 31417-31418 DT denotes a
T20935 31419-31425 NN denotes defect
T20936 31426-31428 IN denotes in
T20937 31429-31438 NN denotes oxidation
T20938 31438-31440 , denotes ,
T20939 31440-31450 NNS denotes components
T20940 31451-31453 IN denotes of
T20941 31454-31457 DT denotes the
T20943 31458-31461 NN denotes TAG
T20944 31462-31471 NN denotes synthesis
T20942 31472-31479 NN denotes pathway
T20945 31480-31483 VBP denotes are
T20929 31484-31493 VBN denotes activated
T20946 31494-31496 IN denotes in
T20947 31497-31500 DT denotes the
T20949 31501-31504 NN denotes PGC
T20951 31504-31505 HYPH denotes -
T20950 31505-31507 NN denotes 1α
T20952 31507-31508 SYM denotes −
T20953 31508-31509 HYPH denotes /
T20954 31509-31510 SYM denotes −
T20948 31511-31515 NNS denotes mice
T20955 31515-31516 . denotes .
T20956 31516-31640 sentence denotes To evaluate this possibility directly, rates of 3H-glycerol incorporation into TAG were determined in isolated hepatocytes.
T20957 31517-31519 TO denotes To
T20958 31520-31528 VB denotes evaluate
T20960 31529-31533 DT denotes this
T20961 31534-31545 NN denotes possibility
T20962 31546-31554 RB denotes directly
T20963 31554-31556 , denotes ,
T20964 31556-31561 NNS denotes rates
T20965 31562-31564 IN denotes of
T20966 31565-31567 NN denotes 3H
T20968 31567-31568 HYPH denotes -
T20967 31568-31576 NN denotes glycerol
T20969 31577-31590 NN denotes incorporation
T20970 31591-31595 IN denotes into
T20971 31596-31599 NN denotes TAG
T20972 31600-31604 VBD denotes were
T20959 31605-31615 VBN denotes determined
T20973 31616-31618 IN denotes in
T20974 31619-31627 VBN denotes isolated
T20975 31628-31639 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20976 31639-31640 . denotes .
T20977 31640-31948 sentence denotes 3H-TAG incorporation was increased nearly 50% in hepatocytes isolated from PGC-1α−/− mice compared to PGC-1α+/+ controls (Figure 8D), confirming that TAG synthesis rates are increased in PGC-1α null hepatocytes, identifying a second potential mechanism contributing to the fasting-induced hepatic steatosis.
T20978 31641-31643 NN denotes 3H
T20980 31643-31644 HYPH denotes -
T20979 31644-31647 NN denotes TAG
T20981 31648-31661 NN denotes incorporation
T20983 31662-31665 VBD denotes was
T20982 31666-31675 VBN denotes increased
T20984 31676-31682 RB denotes nearly
T20985 31683-31685 CD denotes 50
T20986 31685-31686 NN denotes %
T20987 31687-31689 IN denotes in
T20988 31690-31701 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T20989 31702-31710 VBN denotes isolated
T20990 31711-31715 IN denotes from
T20991 31716-31719 NN denotes PGC
T20993 31719-31720 HYPH denotes -
T20992 31720-31722 NN denotes 1α
T20995 31722-31723 SYM denotes −
T20996 31723-31724 HYPH denotes /
T20997 31724-31725 SYM denotes −
T20994 31726-31730 NNS denotes mice
T20998 31731-31739 VBN denotes compared
T20999 31740-31742 IN denotes to
T21000 31743-31746 NN denotes PGC
T21002 31746-31747 HYPH denotes -
T21001 31747-31749 NN denotes 1α
T21004 31749-31750 SYM denotes +
T21005 31750-31751 HYPH denotes /
T21006 31751-31752 SYM denotes +
T21003 31753-31761 NNS denotes controls
T21007 31762-31763 -LRB- denotes (
T21009 31763-31769 NN denotes Figure
T21008 31770-31772 NN denotes 8D
T21010 31772-31773 -RRB- denotes )
T21011 31773-31775 , denotes ,
T21012 31775-31785 VBG denotes confirming
T21013 31786-31790 IN denotes that
T21015 31791-31794 NN denotes TAG
T21016 31795-31804 NN denotes synthesis
T21017 31805-31810 NNS denotes rates
T21018 31811-31814 VBP denotes are
T21014 31815-31824 VBN denotes increased
T21019 31825-31827 IN denotes in
T21020 31828-31831 NN denotes PGC
T21022 31831-31832 HYPH denotes -
T21021 31832-31834 NN denotes 1α
T21023 31835-31839 JJ denotes null
T21024 31840-31851 NNS denotes hepatocytes
T21025 31851-31853 , denotes ,
T21026 31853-31864 VBG denotes identifying
T21027 31865-31866 DT denotes a
T21029 31867-31873 JJ denotes second
T21030 31874-31883 JJ denotes potential
T21028 31884-31893 NN denotes mechanism
T21031 31894-31906 VBG denotes contributing
T21032 31907-31909 IN denotes to
T21033 31910-31913 DT denotes the
T21035 31914-31921 NN denotes fasting
T21037 31921-31922 HYPH denotes -
T21036 31922-31929 VBN denotes induced
T21038 31930-31937 JJ denotes hepatic
T21034 31938-31947 NN denotes steatosis
T21039 31947-31948 . denotes .
T22539 31950-31957 IN denotes Despite
T22541 31958-31959 DT denotes a
T22543 31960-31964 JJ denotes Mild
T22544 31965-31970 JJ denotes Obese
T22542 31971-31980 NN denotes Phenotype
T22545 31980-31982 , denotes ,
T22546 31982-31988 JJ denotes Female
T22548 31989-31992 NN denotes PGC
T22550 31992-31993 HYPH denotes -
T22549 31993-31995 NN denotes 1α
T22551 31995-31996 SYM denotes −
T22552 31996-31997 HYPH denotes /
T22553 31997-31998 SYM denotes −
T22547 31999-32003 NNS denotes Mice
T22554 32004-32006 VBP denotes Do
T22555 32007-32010 RB denotes Not
T22540 32011-32018 VB denotes Exhibit
T22556 32019-32026 NN denotes Insulin
T22557 32027-32037 NN denotes Resistance
T22558 32037-32296 sentence denotes Recent studies have suggested that specific PGC-1α single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes may influence the development of insulin resistance and diabetes [27,30] and that PGC-1 activity is diminished in insulin-resistant and diabetic muscle [22,23].
T22559 32038-32044 JJ denotes Recent
T22560 32045-32052 NNS denotes studies
T22562 32053-32057 VBP denotes have
T22561 32058-32067 VBN denotes suggested
T22563 32068-32072 IN denotes that
T22565 32073-32081 JJ denotes specific
T22567 32082-32085 NN denotes PGC
T22568 32085-32086 HYPH denotes -
T22566 32086-32088 NN denotes 1α
T22569 32089-32095 JJ denotes single
T22570 32096-32106 NN denotes nucleotide
T22571 32107-32120 NNS denotes polymorphisms
T22572 32121-32124 CC denotes and
T22573 32125-32135 NNS denotes haplotypes
T22574 32136-32139 MD denotes may
T22564 32140-32149 VB denotes influence
T22575 32150-32153 DT denotes the
T22576 32154-32165 NN denotes development
T22577 32166-32168 IN denotes of
T22578 32169-32176 NN denotes insulin
T22579 32177-32187 NN denotes resistance
T22580 32188-32191 CC denotes and
T22581 32192-32200 NN denotes diabetes
T22582 32201-32202 -LRB- denotes [
T22584 32202-32204 CD denotes 27
T22585 32204-32205 , denotes ,
T22583 32205-32207 CD denotes 30
T22586 32207-32208 -RRB- denotes ]
T22587 32209-32212 CC denotes and
T22588 32213-32217 IN denotes that
T22590 32218-32221 NN denotes PGC
T22592 32221-32222 HYPH denotes -
T22593 32222-32223 CD denotes 1
T22591 32224-32232 NN denotes activity
T22594 32233-32235 VBZ denotes is
T22589 32236-32246 VBN denotes diminished
T22595 32247-32249 IN denotes in
T22596 32250-32257 NN denotes insulin
T22598 32257-32258 HYPH denotes -
T22597 32258-32267 JJ denotes resistant
T22600 32268-32271 CC denotes and
T22601 32272-32280 JJ denotes diabetic
T22599 32281-32287 NN denotes muscle
T22602 32288-32289 -LRB- denotes [
T22604 32289-32291 CD denotes 22
T22605 32291-32292 , denotes ,
T22603 32292-32294 CD denotes 23
T22606 32294-32295 -RRB- denotes ]
T22607 32295-32296 . denotes .
T22608 32296-32397 sentence denotes Accordingly, peripheral glucose disposal and insulin responsiveness were examined in PGC-1α−/− mice.
T22609 32297-32308 RB denotes Accordingly
T22611 32308-32310 , denotes ,
T22612 32310-32320 JJ denotes peripheral
T22614 32321-32328 NN denotes glucose
T22613 32329-32337 NN denotes disposal
T22615 32338-32341 CC denotes and
T22616 32342-32349 NN denotes insulin
T22617 32350-32364 NN denotes responsiveness
T22618 32365-32369 VBD denotes were
T22610 32370-32378 VBN denotes examined
T22619 32379-32381 IN denotes in
T22620 32382-32385 NN denotes PGC
T22622 32385-32386 HYPH denotes -
T22621 32386-32388 NN denotes 1α
T22624 32388-32389 SYM denotes −
T22625 32389-32390 HYPH denotes /
T22626 32390-32391 SYM denotes −
T22623 32392-32396 NNS denotes mice
T22627 32396-32397 . denotes .
T22628 32397-32577 sentence denotes Glucose tolerance testing of 2-mo-old male and female mice revealed no significant difference in blood glucose excursion between PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− groups (unpublished data).
T22629 32398-32405 NN denotes Glucose
T22630 32406-32415 NN denotes tolerance
T22631 32416-32423 NN denotes testing
T22633 32424-32426 IN denotes of
T22634 32427-32428 CD denotes 2
T22636 32428-32429 HYPH denotes -
T22635 32429-32431 NN denotes mo
T22638 32431-32432 HYPH denotes -
T22637 32432-32435 JJ denotes old
T22640 32436-32440 JJ denotes male
T22641 32441-32444 CC denotes and
T22642 32445-32451 JJ denotes female
T22639 32452-32456 NNS denotes mice
T22632 32457-32465 VBD denotes revealed
T22643 32466-32468 DT denotes no
T22645 32469-32480 JJ denotes significant
T22644 32481-32491 NN denotes difference
T22646 32492-32494 IN denotes in
T22647 32495-32500 NN denotes blood
T22648 32501-32508 NN denotes glucose
T22649 32509-32518 NN denotes excursion
T22650 32519-32526 IN denotes between
T22651 32527-32530 NN denotes PGC
T22653 32530-32531 HYPH denotes -
T22652 32531-32533 NN denotes 1α
T22655 32533-32534 SYM denotes +
T22656 32534-32535 HYPH denotes /
T22657 32535-32536 SYM denotes +
T22658 32537-32540 CC denotes and
T22659 32541-32544 NN denotes PGC
T22661 32544-32545 HYPH denotes -
T22660 32545-32547 NN denotes 1α
T22662 32547-32548 SYM denotes −
T22663 32548-32549 HYPH denotes /
T22664 32549-32550 SYM denotes −
T22654 32551-32557 NNS denotes groups
T22665 32558-32559 -LRB- denotes (
T22667 32559-32570 JJ denotes unpublished
T22666 32571-32575 NNS denotes data
T22668 32575-32576 -RRB- denotes )
T22669 32576-32577 . denotes .
T22670 32577-32739 sentence denotes Given that older female PGC-1α−/− mice develop an increase in body fat stores, glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness were further evaluated in this group.
T22671 32578-32583 VBN denotes Given
T22673 32584-32588 IN denotes that
T22675 32589-32594 JJR denotes older
T22677 32595-32601 JJ denotes female
T22678 32602-32605 NN denotes PGC
T22680 32605-32606 HYPH denotes -
T22679 32606-32608 NN denotes 1α
T22681 32608-32609 SYM denotes −
T22682 32609-32610 HYPH denotes /
T22683 32610-32611 SYM denotes −
T22676 32612-32616 NNS denotes mice
T22674 32617-32624 VBP denotes develop
T22684 32625-32627 DT denotes an
T22685 32628-32636 NN denotes increase
T22686 32637-32639 IN denotes in
T22687 32640-32644 NN denotes body
T22688 32645-32648 NN denotes fat
T22689 32649-32655 NNS denotes stores
T22690 32655-32657 , denotes ,
T22691 32657-32664 NN denotes glucose
T22692 32665-32674 NN denotes tolerance
T22693 32675-32678 CC denotes and
T22694 32679-32686 NN denotes insulin
T22695 32687-32701 NN denotes responsiveness
T22696 32702-32706 VBD denotes were
T22697 32707-32714 RB denotes further
T22672 32715-32724 VBN denotes evaluated
T22698 32725-32727 IN denotes in
T22699 32728-32732 DT denotes this
T22700 32733-32738 NN denotes group
T22701 32738-32739 . denotes .
T22702 32739-33079 sentence denotes Glucose tolerance testing in 4.5-mo-old female PGC-1α−/− mice revealed that, despite increased body weight [mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) weight of PGC-1α+/+ mice = 22.4 ± 0.79 g; PGC-1α−/− mice = 25.2 ± 1.04 g), PGC-1α−/− mice exhibited similar levels of glucose tolerance compared to WT mice on standard rodent chow (Figure 9).
T22703 32740-32747 NN denotes Glucose
T22704 32748-32757 NN denotes tolerance
T22705 32758-32765 NN denotes testing
T22707 32766-32768 IN denotes in
T22708 32769-32772 CD denotes 4.5
T22710 32772-32773 HYPH denotes -
T22709 32773-32775 NN denotes mo
T22712 32775-32776 HYPH denotes -
T22711 32776-32779 JJ denotes old
T22714 32780-32786 JJ denotes female
T22715 32787-32790 NN denotes PGC
T22717 32790-32791 HYPH denotes -
T22716 32791-32793 NN denotes 1α
T22718 32793-32794 SYM denotes −
T22719 32794-32795 HYPH denotes /
T22720 32795-32796 SYM denotes −
T22713 32797-32801 NNS denotes mice
T22706 32802-32810 VBD denotes revealed
T22721 32811-32815 IN denotes that
T22723 32815-32817 , denotes ,
T22724 32817-32824 IN denotes despite
T22725 32825-32834 VBN denotes increased
T22727 32835-32839 NN denotes body
T22726 32840-32846 NN denotes weight
T22728 32847-32848 -LRB- denotes [
T22730 32848-32852 NN denotes mean
T22732 32853-32854 SYM denotes ±
T22733 32855-32863 JJ denotes standard
T22734 32864-32869 NN denotes error
T22735 32870-32872 IN denotes of
T22736 32873-32876 DT denotes the
T22737 32877-32881 NN denotes mean
T22738 32882-32883 -LRB- denotes (
T22739 32883-32886 NN denotes SEM
T22740 32886-32887 -RRB- denotes )
T22731 32888-32894 NN denotes weight
T22742 32895-32897 IN denotes of
T22743 32898-32901 NN denotes PGC
T22745 32901-32902 HYPH denotes -
T22744 32902-32904 NN denotes 1α
T22747 32904-32905 SYM denotes +
T22748 32905-32906 HYPH denotes /
T22749 32906-32907 SYM denotes +
T22746 32908-32912 NNS denotes mice
T22750 32913-32914 SYM denotes =
T22751 32915-32919 CD denotes 22.4
T22753 32920-32921 SYM denotes ±
T22752 32922-32926 CD denotes 0.79
T22741 32927-32928 NN denotes g
T22754 32928-32929 : denotes ;
T22755 32930-32933 NN denotes PGC
T22757 32933-32934 HYPH denotes -
T22756 32934-32936 NN denotes 1α
T22759 32936-32937 SYM denotes −
T22760 32937-32938 HYPH denotes /
T22761 32938-32939 SYM denotes −
T22758 32940-32944 NNS denotes mice
T22762 32945-32946 SYM denotes =
T22763 32947-32951 CD denotes 25.2
T22765 32952-32953 SYM denotes ±
T22764 32954-32958 CD denotes 1.04
T22729 32959-32960 NN denotes g
T22766 32960-32961 -RRB- denotes )
T22767 32961-32963 , denotes ,
T22768 32963-32966 NN denotes PGC
T22770 32966-32967 HYPH denotes -
T22769 32967-32969 NN denotes 1α
T22772 32969-32970 SYM denotes −
T22773 32970-32971 HYPH denotes /
T22774 32971-32972 SYM denotes −
T22771 32973-32977 NNS denotes mice
T22722 32978-32987 VBD denotes exhibited
T22775 32988-32995 JJ denotes similar
T22776 32996-33002 NNS denotes levels
T22777 33003-33005 IN denotes of
T22778 33006-33013 NN denotes glucose
T22779 33014-33023 NN denotes tolerance
T22780 33024-33032 VBN denotes compared
T22781 33033-33035 IN denotes to
T22782 33036-33038 NN denotes WT
T22783 33039-33043 NNS denotes mice
T22784 33044-33046 IN denotes on
T22785 33047-33055 JJ denotes standard
T22787 33056-33062 NN denotes rodent
T22786 33063-33067 NN denotes chow
T22788 33068-33069 -LRB- denotes (
T22789 33069-33075 NN denotes Figure
T22790 33076-33077 CD denotes 9
T22791 33077-33078 -RRB- denotes )
T22792 33078-33079 . denotes .
T22793 33079-33263 sentence denotes To examine glucose homeostasis in response to high-fat diet, female PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− mice were placed on high-fat chow (43% calories from fat) for 6 wk starting at 8 wk of age.
T22794 33080-33082 TO denotes To
T22795 33083-33090 VB denotes examine
T22797 33091-33098 NN denotes glucose
T22798 33099-33110 NN denotes homeostasis
T22799 33111-33113 IN denotes in
T22800 33114-33122 NN denotes response
T22801 33123-33125 IN denotes to
T22802 33126-33130 JJ denotes high
T22804 33130-33131 HYPH denotes -
T22803 33131-33134 NN denotes fat
T22805 33135-33139 NN denotes diet
T22806 33139-33141 , denotes ,
T22807 33141-33147 JJ denotes female
T22809 33148-33151 NN denotes PGC
T22811 33151-33152 HYPH denotes -
T22810 33152-33154 NN denotes 1α
T22812 33154-33155 SYM denotes +
T22813 33155-33156 HYPH denotes /
T22814 33156-33157 SYM denotes +
T22815 33158-33161 CC denotes and
T22816 33162-33165 NN denotes PGC
T22818 33165-33166 HYPH denotes -
T22817 33166-33168 NN denotes 1α
T22819 33168-33169 SYM denotes −
T22820 33169-33170 HYPH denotes /
T22821 33170-33171 SYM denotes −
T22808 33172-33176 NNS denotes mice
T22822 33177-33181 VBD denotes were
T22796 33182-33188 VBN denotes placed
T22823 33189-33191 IN denotes on
T22824 33192-33196 JJ denotes high
T22826 33196-33197 HYPH denotes -
T22825 33197-33200 NN denotes fat
T22827 33201-33205 NN denotes chow
T22828 33206-33207 -LRB- denotes (
T22830 33207-33209 CD denotes 43
T22831 33209-33210 NN denotes %
T22829 33211-33219 NNS denotes calories
T22832 33220-33224 IN denotes from
T22833 33225-33228 NN denotes fat
T22834 33228-33229 -RRB- denotes )
T22835 33230-33233 IN denotes for
T22836 33234-33235 CD denotes 6
T22837 33236-33238 NN denotes wk
T22838 33239-33247 VBG denotes starting
T22839 33248-33250 IN denotes at
T22840 33251-33252 CD denotes 8
T22841 33253-33255 NN denotes wk
T22842 33256-33258 IN denotes of
T22843 33259-33262 NN denotes age
T22844 33262-33263 . denotes .
T22845 33263-33366 sentence denotes The weight gained on the high-fat diet was similar for the PGC-1α+/+ and PGC-1α−/− groups (Figure S3).
T22846 33264-33267 DT denotes The
T22847 33268-33274 NN denotes weight
T22849 33275-33281 VBN denotes gained
T22850 33282-33284 IN denotes on
T22851 33285-33288 DT denotes the
T22853 33289-33293 JJ denotes high
T22855 33293-33294 HYPH denotes -
T22854 33294-33297 NN denotes fat
T22852 33298-33302 NN denotes diet
T22848 33303-33306 VBD denotes was
T22856 33307-33314 JJ denotes similar
T22857 33315-33318 IN denotes for
T22858 33319-33322 DT denotes the
T22860 33323-33326 NN denotes PGC
T22862 33326-33327 HYPH denotes -
T22861 33327-33329 NN denotes 1α
T22863 33329-33330 SYM denotes +
T22864 33330-33331 HYPH denotes /
T22865 33331-33332 SYM denotes +
T22866 33333-33336 CC denotes and
T22867 33337-33340 NN denotes PGC
T22869 33340-33341 HYPH denotes -
T22868 33341-33343 NN denotes 1α
T22870 33343-33344 SYM denotes −
T22871 33344-33345 HYPH denotes /
T22872 33345-33346 SYM denotes −
T22859 33347-33353 NNS denotes groups
T22873 33354-33355 -LRB- denotes (
T22875 33355-33361 NN denotes Figure
T22874 33362-33364 NN denotes S3
T22876 33364-33365 -RRB- denotes )
T22877 33365-33366 . denotes .
T22878 33366-33525 sentence denotes Surprisingly, the PGC-1α−/− mice on a high-fat diet were significantly more glucose-tolerant and insulin-sensitive compared to the PGC-1α+/+ mice (Figure 9B).
T22879 33367-33379 RB denotes Surprisingly
T22881 33379-33381 , denotes ,
T22882 33381-33384 DT denotes the
T22884 33385-33388 NN denotes PGC
T22886 33388-33389 HYPH denotes -
T22885 33389-33391 NN denotes 1α
T22887 33391-33392 SYM denotes −
T22888 33392-33393 HYPH denotes /
T22889 33393-33394 SYM denotes −
T22883 33395-33399 NNS denotes mice
T22890 33400-33402 IN denotes on
T22891 33403-33404 DT denotes a
T22893 33405-33409 JJ denotes high
T22895 33409-33410 HYPH denotes -
T22894 33410-33413 NN denotes fat
T22892 33414-33418 NN denotes diet
T22880 33419-33423 VBD denotes were
T22896 33424-33437 RB denotes significantly
T22897 33438-33442 RBR denotes more
T22899 33443-33450 NN denotes glucose
T22900 33450-33451 HYPH denotes -
T22898 33451-33459 JJ denotes tolerant
T22901 33460-33463 CC denotes and
T22902 33464-33471 NN denotes insulin
T22904 33471-33472 HYPH denotes -
T22903 33472-33481 JJ denotes sensitive
T22905 33482-33490 VBN denotes compared
T22906 33491-33493 IN denotes to
T22907 33494-33497 DT denotes the
T22909 33498-33501 NN denotes PGC
T22911 33501-33502 HYPH denotes -
T22910 33502-33504 NN denotes 1α
T22912 33504-33505 SYM denotes +
T22913 33505-33506 HYPH denotes /
T22914 33506-33507 SYM denotes +
T22908 33508-33512 NNS denotes mice
T22915 33513-33514 -LRB- denotes (
T22917 33514-33520 NN denotes Figure
T22916 33521-33523 NN denotes 9B
T22918 33523-33524 -RRB- denotes )
T22919 33524-33525 . denotes .
T22920 33525-33682 sentence denotes Taken together, these results indicate that, despite excess body fat under standard conditions, the female PGC-1α−/− mice do not exhibit insulin resistance.
T22921 33526-33531 VBN denotes Taken
T22923 33532-33540 RB denotes together
T22924 33540-33542 , denotes ,
T22925 33542-33547 DT denotes these
T22926 33548-33555 NNS denotes results
T22922 33556-33564 VBP denotes indicate
T22927 33565-33569 IN denotes that
T22929 33569-33571 , denotes ,
T22930 33571-33578 IN denotes despite
T22931 33579-33585 JJ denotes excess
T22933 33586-33590 NN denotes body
T22932 33591-33594 NN denotes fat
T22934 33595-33600 IN denotes under
T22935 33601-33609 JJ denotes standard
T22936 33610-33620 NNS denotes conditions
T22937 33620-33622 , denotes ,
T22938 33622-33625 DT denotes the
T22940 33626-33632 JJ denotes female
T22941 33633-33636 NN denotes PGC
T22943 33636-33637 HYPH denotes -
T22942 33637-33639 NN denotes 1α
T22944 33639-33640 SYM denotes −
T22945 33640-33641 HYPH denotes /
T22946 33641-33642 SYM denotes −
T22939 33643-33647 NNS denotes mice
T22947 33648-33650 VBP denotes do
T22948 33651-33654 RB denotes not
T22928 33655-33662 VB denotes exhibit
T22949 33663-33670 NN denotes insulin
T22950 33671-33681 NN denotes resistance
T22951 33681-33682 . denotes .
T22952 33682-33792 sentence denotes Moreover, the PGC-1α−/− mice are more glucose-tolerant and insulin-sensitive than WT mice on a high-fat diet.
T22953 33683-33691 RB denotes Moreover
T22955 33691-33693 , denotes ,
T22956 33693-33696 DT denotes the
T22958 33697-33700 NN denotes PGC
T22960 33700-33701 HYPH denotes -
T22959 33701-33703 NN denotes 1α
T22961 33703-33704 SYM denotes −
T22962 33704-33705 HYPH denotes /
T22963 33705-33706 SYM denotes −
T22957 33707-33711 NNS denotes mice
T22954 33712-33715 VBP denotes are
T22964 33716-33720 RBR denotes more
T22966 33721-33728 NN denotes glucose
T22967 33728-33729 HYPH denotes -
T22965 33729-33737 JJ denotes tolerant
T22968 33738-33741 CC denotes and
T22969 33742-33749 NN denotes insulin
T22971 33749-33750 HYPH denotes -
T22970 33750-33759 JJ denotes sensitive
T22972 33760-33764 IN denotes than
T22973 33765-33767 NN denotes WT
T22974 33768-33772 NNS denotes mice
T22975 33773-33775 IN denotes on
T22976 33776-33777 DT denotes a
T22978 33778-33782 JJ denotes high
T22980 33782-33783 HYPH denotes -
T22979 33783-33786 NN denotes fat
T22977 33787-33791 NN denotes diet
T22981 33791-33792 . denotes .
T24084 34475-34485 JJ denotes Structural
T24085 34486-34499 NNS denotes Abnormalities
T24086 34500-34502 IN denotes of
T24087 34503-34506 DT denotes the
T24089 34507-34514 JJ denotes Central
T24090 34515-34522 JJ denotes Nervous
T24088 34523-34529 NN denotes System
T24091 34530-34532 IN denotes in
T24092 34533-34536 NN denotes PGC
T24094 34536-34537 HYPH denotes -
T24093 34537-34539 NN denotes 1α
T24096 34539-34540 SYM denotes −
T24097 34540-34541 HYPH denotes /
T24098 34541-34542 SYM denotes −
T24095 34543-34547 NNS denotes Mice
T24099 34547-34648 sentence denotes In surveying the tissues of the PGC-1α−/− mice, structural abnormalities of the brain were observed.
T24100 34548-34550 IN denotes In
T24102 34551-34560 VBG denotes surveying
T24103 34561-34564 DT denotes the
T24104 34565-34572 NNS denotes tissues
T24105 34573-34575 IN denotes of
T24106 34576-34579 DT denotes the
T24108 34580-34583 NN denotes PGC
T24110 34583-34584 HYPH denotes -
T24109 34584-34586 NN denotes 1α
T24111 34586-34587 SYM denotes −
T24112 34587-34588 HYPH denotes /
T24113 34588-34589 SYM denotes −
T24107 34590-34594 NNS denotes mice
T24114 34594-34596 , denotes ,
T24115 34596-34606 JJ denotes structural
T24116 34607-34620 NNS denotes abnormalities
T24117 34621-34623 IN denotes of
T24118 34624-34627 DT denotes the
T24119 34628-34633 NN denotes brain
T24120 34634-34638 VBD denotes were
T24101 34639-34647 VBN denotes observed
T24121 34647-34648 . denotes .
T24122 34648-34961 sentence denotes Light microscopic examination of PGC-1α−/− brain tissue samples demonstrated a well-preserved cerebral cortical neuronal complement, a result confirmed by measurement of neuron density in sections of the parietal lobe (PGC-1α+/+, 1,261 ± 91 neurons/mm2 versus PGC-1α−/−, 1,299 ± 82 neurons/mm2; not significant).
T24123 34649-34654 NN denotes Light
T24124 34655-34666 JJ denotes microscopic
T24125 34667-34678 NN denotes examination
T24127 34679-34681 IN denotes of
T24128 34682-34685 NN denotes PGC
T24130 34685-34686 HYPH denotes -
T24129 34686-34688 NN denotes 1α
T24132 34688-34689 SYM denotes −
T24133 34689-34690 HYPH denotes /
T24134 34690-34691 SYM denotes −
T24135 34692-34697 NN denotes brain
T24136 34698-34704 NN denotes tissue
T24131 34705-34712 NNS denotes samples
T24126 34713-34725 VBD denotes demonstrated
T24137 34726-34727 DT denotes a
T24139 34728-34732 RB denotes well
T24141 34732-34733 HYPH denotes -
T24140 34733-34742 VBN denotes preserved
T24142 34743-34751 JJ denotes cerebral
T24143 34752-34760 JJ denotes cortical
T24144 34761-34769 JJ denotes neuronal
T24138 34770-34780 NN denotes complement
T24145 34780-34782 , denotes ,
T24146 34782-34783 DT denotes a
T24147 34784-34790 NN denotes result
T24148 34791-34800 VBN denotes confirmed
T24149 34801-34803 IN denotes by
T24150 34804-34815 NN denotes measurement
T24151 34816-34818 IN denotes of
T24152 34819-34825 NN denotes neuron
T24153 34826-34833 NN denotes density
T24154 34834-34836 IN denotes in
T24155 34837-34845 NNS denotes sections
T24156 34846-34848 IN denotes of
T24157 34849-34852 DT denotes the
T24159 34853-34861 JJ denotes parietal
T24158 34862-34866 NN denotes lobe
T24160 34867-34868 -LRB- denotes (
T24162 34868-34871 NN denotes PGC
T24164 34871-34872 HYPH denotes -
T24163 34872-34874 NN denotes 1α
T24166 34874-34875 SYM denotes +
T24167 34875-34876 HYPH denotes /
T24168 34876-34877 SYM denotes +
T24169 34877-34879 , denotes ,
T24170 34879-34884 CD denotes 1,261
T24172 34885-34886 SYM denotes ±
T24171 34887-34889 CD denotes 91
T24165 34890-34897 NNS denotes neurons
T24173 34897-34898 SYM denotes /
T24174 34898-34901 NN denotes mm2
T24175 34902-34908 CC denotes versus
T24176 34909-34912 NN denotes PGC
T24178 34912-34913 HYPH denotes -
T24177 34913-34915 NN denotes 1α
T24180 34915-34916 SYM denotes −
T24181 34916-34917 HYPH denotes /
T24182 34917-34918 SYM denotes −
T24183 34918-34920 , denotes ,
T24184 34920-34925 CD denotes 1,299
T24186 34926-34927 SYM denotes ±
T24185 34928-34930 CD denotes 82
T24179 34931-34938 NNS denotes neurons
T24187 34938-34939 SYM denotes /
T24188 34939-34942 NN denotes mm2
T24189 34942-34943 : denotes ;
T24190 34944-34947 RB denotes not
T24161 34948-34959 JJ denotes significant
T24191 34959-34960 -RRB- denotes )
T24192 34960-34961 . denotes .
T24193 34961-35166 sentence denotes Patchy areas of microvacuolation involving the neuropil and individual pyramidal neurons of the deep layers of the cerebral cortex were noted in the PGC-1α−/− mice but not the PGC-1α+/+ mice (Figure 10A).
T24194 34962-34968 JJ denotes Patchy
T24195 34969-34974 NNS denotes areas
T24197 34975-34977 IN denotes of
T24198 34978-34994 NN denotes microvacuolation
T24199 34995-35004 VBG denotes involving
T24200 35005-35008 DT denotes the
T24201 35009-35017 NN denotes neuropil
T24202 35018-35021 CC denotes and
T24203 35022-35032 JJ denotes individual
T24205 35033-35042 JJ denotes pyramidal
T24204 35043-35050 NNS denotes neurons
T24206 35051-35053 IN denotes of
T24207 35054-35057 DT denotes the
T24209 35058-35062 JJ denotes deep
T24208 35063-35069 NNS denotes layers
T24210 35070-35072 IN denotes of
T24211 35073-35076 DT denotes the
T24213 35077-35085 JJ denotes cerebral
T24212 35086-35092 NN denotes cortex
T24214 35093-35097 VBD denotes were
T24196 35098-35103 VBN denotes noted
T24215 35104-35106 IN denotes in
T24216 35107-35110 DT denotes the
T24218 35111-35114 NN denotes PGC
T24220 35114-35115 HYPH denotes -
T24219 35115-35117 NN denotes 1α
T24221 35117-35118 SYM denotes −
T24222 35118-35119 HYPH denotes /
T24223 35119-35120 SYM denotes −
T24217 35121-35125 NNS denotes mice
T24224 35126-35129 CC denotes but
T24225 35130-35133 RB denotes not
T24226 35134-35137 DT denotes the
T24228 35138-35141 NN denotes PGC
T24230 35141-35142 HYPH denotes -
T24229 35142-35144 NN denotes 1α
T24231 35144-35145 SYM denotes +
T24232 35145-35146 HYPH denotes /
T24233 35146-35147 SYM denotes +
T24227 35148-35152 NNS denotes mice
T24234 35153-35154 -LRB- denotes (
T24236 35154-35160 NN denotes Figure
T24235 35161-35164 NN denotes 10A
T24237 35164-35165 -RRB- denotes )
T24238 35165-35166 . denotes .
T24239 35166-35360 sentence denotes Immunolocalization of an astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, failed to show an increase in numbers of astrocytic processes in PGC-1α−/− mouse cerebral cortex (unpublished data).
T24240 35167-35185 NN denotes Immunolocalization
T24242 35186-35188 IN denotes of
T24243 35189-35191 DT denotes an
T24245 35192-35202 JJ denotes astrocytic
T24244 35203-35209 NN denotes marker
T24246 35209-35211 , denotes ,
T24247 35211-35216 JJ denotes glial
T24249 35217-35227 JJ denotes fibrillary
T24250 35228-35234 JJ denotes acidic
T24248 35235-35242 NN denotes protein
T24251 35242-35244 , denotes ,
T24241 35244-35250 VBD denotes failed
T24252 35251-35253 TO denotes to
T24253 35254-35258 VB denotes show
T24254 35259-35261 DT denotes an
T24255 35262-35270 NN denotes increase
T24256 35271-35273 IN denotes in
T24257 35274-35281 NNS denotes numbers
T24258 35282-35284 IN denotes of
T24259 35285-35295 JJ denotes astrocytic
T24260 35296-35305 NNS denotes processes
T24261 35306-35308 IN denotes in
T24262 35309-35312 NN denotes PGC
T24264 35312-35313 HYPH denotes -
T24263 35313-35315 NN denotes 1α
T24266 35315-35316 SYM denotes −
T24267 35316-35317 HYPH denotes /
T24268 35317-35318 SYM denotes −
T24269 35319-35324 NN denotes mouse
T24270 35325-35333 JJ denotes cerebral
T24265 35334-35340 NN denotes cortex
T24271 35341-35342 -LRB- denotes (
T24273 35342-35353 JJ denotes unpublished
T24272 35354-35358 NNS denotes data
T24274 35358-35359 -RRB- denotes )
T24275 35359-35360 . denotes .
T24276 35360-35467 sentence denotes The hippocampus also showed neuronal microvacuolation, albeit to a lesser degree than the parietal cortex.
T24277 35361-35364 DT denotes The
T24278 35365-35376 NN denotes hippocampus
T24280 35377-35381 RB denotes also
T24279 35382-35388 VBD denotes showed
T24281 35389-35397 JJ denotes neuronal
T24282 35398-35414 NN denotes microvacuolation
T24283 35414-35416 , denotes ,
T24284 35416-35422 IN denotes albeit
T24285 35423-35425 IN denotes to
T24286 35426-35427 DT denotes a
T24288 35428-35434 JJR denotes lesser
T24287 35435-35441 NN denotes degree
T24289 35442-35446 IN denotes than
T24290 35447-35450 DT denotes the
T24292 35451-35459 JJ denotes parietal
T24291 35460-35466 NN denotes cortex
T24293 35466-35467 . denotes .
T24294 35467-35737 sentence denotes Microvacuolation of the neuropil and neurons of the PGC-1α−/− basal ganglia (caudate and putamen) was also noted in association with a patchy increase in the number and intensity of glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive astrocytic processes (unpublished data).
T24295 35468-35484 NN denotes Microvacuolation
T24297 35485-35487 IN denotes of
T24298 35488-35491 DT denotes the
T24299 35492-35500 NN denotes neuropil
T24300 35501-35504 CC denotes and
T24301 35505-35512 NNS denotes neurons
T24302 35513-35515 IN denotes of
T24303 35516-35519 DT denotes the
T24305 35520-35523 NN denotes PGC
T24307 35523-35524 HYPH denotes -
T24306 35524-35526 NN denotes 1α
T24308 35526-35527 SYM denotes −
T24309 35527-35528 HYPH denotes /
T24310 35528-35529 SYM denotes −
T24311 35530-35535 JJ denotes basal
T24304 35536-35543 NNS denotes ganglia
T24312 35544-35545 -LRB- denotes (
T24313 35545-35552 NN denotes caudate
T24314 35553-35556 CC denotes and
T24315 35557-35564 NN denotes putamen
T24316 35564-35565 -RRB- denotes )
T24317 35566-35569 VBD denotes was
T24318 35570-35574 RB denotes also
T24296 35575-35580 VBN denotes noted
T24319 35581-35583 IN denotes in
T24320 35584-35595 NN denotes association
T24321 35596-35600 IN denotes with
T24322 35601-35602 DT denotes a
T24324 35603-35609 JJ denotes patchy
T24323 35610-35618 NN denotes increase
T24325 35619-35621 IN denotes in
T24326 35622-35625 DT denotes the
T24327 35626-35632 NN denotes number
T24328 35633-35636 CC denotes and
T24329 35637-35646 NN denotes intensity
T24330 35647-35649 IN denotes of
T24331 35650-35655 JJ denotes glial
T24333 35656-35666 JJ denotes fibrillary
T24334 35667-35673 JJ denotes acidic
T24332 35674-35681 NN denotes protein
T24336 35681-35682 HYPH denotes -
T24335 35682-35696 JJ denotes immunoreactive
T24338 35697-35707 JJ denotes astrocytic
T24337 35708-35717 NNS denotes processes
T24339 35718-35719 -LRB- denotes (
T24341 35719-35730 JJ denotes unpublished
T24340 35731-35735 NNS denotes data
T24342 35735-35736 -RRB- denotes )
T24343 35736-35737 . denotes .
T24344 35737-35805 sentence denotes Areas of microvacuolation also involved multiple brainstem regions.
T24345 35738-35743 NNS denotes Areas
T24347 35744-35746 IN denotes of
T24348 35747-35763 NN denotes microvacuolation
T24349 35764-35768 RB denotes also
T24346 35769-35777 VBD denotes involved
T24350 35778-35786 JJ denotes multiple
T24352 35787-35796 NN denotes brainstem
T24351 35797-35804 NNS denotes regions
T24353 35804-35805 . denotes .
T24354 35805-35912 sentence denotes Only rare vacuolated Purkinje and granule cell neurons were identified in the PGC-1α−/− cerebellar cortex.
T24355 35806-35810 RB denotes Only
T24357 35811-35815 JJ denotes rare
T24358 35816-35826 VBN denotes vacuolated
T24359 35827-35835 NN denotes Purkinje
T24360 35836-35839 CC denotes and
T24361 35840-35847 NN denotes granule
T24362 35848-35852 NN denotes cell
T24356 35853-35860 NNS denotes neurons
T24364 35861-35865 VBD denotes were
T24363 35866-35876 VBN denotes identified
T24365 35877-35879 IN denotes in
T24366 35880-35883 DT denotes the
T24368 35884-35887 NN denotes PGC
T24370 35887-35888 HYPH denotes -
T24369 35888-35890 NN denotes 1α
T24371 35890-35891 SYM denotes −
T24372 35891-35892 HYPH denotes /
T24373 35892-35893 SYM denotes −
T24374 35894-35904 JJ denotes cerebellar
T24367 35905-35911 NN denotes cortex
T24375 35911-35912 . denotes .
T24376 35912-36032 sentence denotes Neither microglial proliferation nor perivascular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates were noted in the PGC-1α−/− CNS.
T24377 35913-35920 CC denotes Neither
T24379 35921-35931 JJ denotes microglial
T24378 35932-35945 NN denotes proliferation
T24381 35946-35949 CC denotes nor
T24382 35950-35962 JJ denotes perivascular
T24384 35963-35974 JJ denotes lymphocytic
T24385 35975-35987 JJ denotes inflammatory
T24383 35988-35999 NNS denotes infiltrates
T24386 36000-36004 VBD denotes were
T24380 36005-36010 VBN denotes noted
T24387 36011-36013 IN denotes in
T24388 36014-36017 DT denotes the
T24390 36018-36021 NN denotes PGC
T24392 36021-36022 HYPH denotes -
T24391 36022-36024 NN denotes 1α
T24393 36024-36025 SYM denotes −
T24394 36025-36026 HYPH denotes /
T24395 36026-36027 SYM denotes −
T24389 36028-36031 NN denotes CNS
T24396 36031-36032 . denotes .
T24397 36032-36761 sentence denotes Figure 10 Neuropathology of the Central Nervous System of PGC-1α−/− Mice (A) Light microscopic appearance of representative cerebral cortex of 2-mo-old PGC-1α−/− mice demonstrates marked vacuolation of the neuropil (arrows) and scattered neuronal perikarya, which are absent in PGC-1α+/+ mice (hematoxylin and eosin). The scale bar shown is applicable to all sections. (B) Ultrastructural appearance of typical vacuoles containing membranous debris, denoted by the arrow, in the cerebral cortex of a representative PGC-1α−/− mouse in comparison to PGC-1α+/+ (magnification 4000×). Ultrastructural examination of the PGC-1α−/− parietal cerebral cortex confirmed the presence of microvacuolated neurons and neuropil (Figure 10B).
T24398 36615-36630 JJ denotes Ultrastructural
T24399 36631-36642 NN denotes examination
T24401 36643-36645 IN denotes of
T24402 36646-36649 DT denotes the
T24404 36650-36653 NN denotes PGC
T24406 36653-36654 HYPH denotes -
T24405 36654-36656 NN denotes 1α
T24407 36656-36657 SYM denotes −
T24408 36657-36658 HYPH denotes /
T24409 36658-36659 SYM denotes −
T24410 36660-36668 JJ denotes parietal
T24411 36669-36677 JJ denotes cerebral
T24403 36678-36684 NN denotes cortex
T24400 36685-36694 VBD denotes confirmed
T24412 36695-36698 DT denotes the
T24413 36699-36707 NN denotes presence
T24414 36708-36710 IN denotes of
T24415 36711-36726 VBN denotes microvacuolated
T24416 36727-36734 NNS denotes neurons
T24417 36735-36738 CC denotes and
T24418 36739-36747 NN denotes neuropil
T24419 36748-36749 -LRB- denotes (
T24421 36749-36755 NN denotes Figure
T24420 36756-36759 NN denotes 10B
T24422 36759-36760 -RRB- denotes )
T24423 36760-36761 . denotes .
T24424 36761-36861 sentence denotes Vacuoles containing aggregates of membranous material were present in a subset of cortical neurons.
T24425 36762-36770 NNS denotes Vacuoles
T24427 36771-36781 VBG denotes containing
T24428 36782-36792 NNS denotes aggregates
T24429 36793-36795 IN denotes of
T24430 36796-36806 JJ denotes membranous
T24431 36807-36815 NN denotes material
T24426 36816-36820 VBD denotes were
T24432 36821-36828 JJ denotes present
T24433 36829-36831 IN denotes in
T24434 36832-36833 DT denotes a
T24435 36834-36840 NN denotes subset
T24436 36841-36843 IN denotes of
T24437 36844-36852 JJ denotes cortical
T24438 36853-36860 NNS denotes neurons
T24439 36860-36861 . denotes .
T24440 36861-37103 sentence denotes Subcellular localization of the vacuoles was difficult to establish; some may represent vacuolated elements of the neuropil, material in phagocytic cells, presynaptic nerve terminals compressing the soma, or genuine intraperikaryal deposits.
T24441 36862-36873 JJ denotes Subcellular
T24442 36874-36886 NN denotes localization
T24444 36887-36889 IN denotes of
T24445 36890-36893 DT denotes the
T24446 36894-36902 NNS denotes vacuoles
T24443 36903-36906 VBD denotes was
T24448 36907-36916 JJ denotes difficult
T24449 36917-36919 TO denotes to
T24450 36920-36929 VB denotes establish
T24451 36929-36930 : denotes ;
T24452 36931-36935 DT denotes some
T24453 36936-36939 MD denotes may
T24447 36940-36949 VB denotes represent
T24454 36950-36960 VBN denotes vacuolated
T24455 36961-36969 NNS denotes elements
T24456 36970-36972 IN denotes of
T24457 36973-36976 DT denotes the
T24458 36977-36985 NN denotes neuropil
T24459 36985-36987 , denotes ,
T24460 36987-36995 NN denotes material
T24461 36996-36998 IN denotes in
T24462 36999-37009 JJ denotes phagocytic
T24463 37010-37015 NNS denotes cells
T24464 37015-37017 , denotes ,
T24465 37017-37028 JJ denotes presynaptic
T24467 37029-37034 NN denotes nerve
T24466 37035-37044 NNS denotes terminals
T24468 37045-37056 VBG denotes compressing
T24469 37057-37060 DT denotes the
T24470 37061-37065 NN denotes soma
T24471 37065-37067 , denotes ,
T24472 37067-37069 CC denotes or
T24473 37070-37077 JJ denotes genuine
T24475 37078-37093 JJ denotes intraperikaryal
T24474 37094-37102 NNS denotes deposits
T24476 37102-37103 . denotes .
R1117 T5682 T5681 prep of,Disruption
R1118 T5683 T5684 det the,Gene
R1119 T5684 T5682 pobj Gene,of
R1120 T5685 T5686 compound PGC,1α
R1121 T5686 T5684 compound 1α,Gene
R1122 T5687 T5686 punct -,1α
R1123 T5688 T5681 prep in,Disruption
R1124 T5689 T5688 pobj Mice,in
R1125 T5691 T5692 det A,vector
R1126 T5692 T5698 nsubjpass vector,generated
R1127 T5693 T5694 npadvmod neomycin,based
R1128 T5694 T5692 amod based,vector
R1129 T5695 T5694 punct -,based
R1130 T5696 T5692 compound gene,vector
R1131 T5697 T5692 compound targeting,vector
R1132 T5699 T5698 auxpass was,generated
R1133 T5700 T5701 aux to,delete
R1134 T5701 T5698 advcl delete,generated
R1135 T5702 T5703 nmod exons,4
R1136 T5703 T5701 dobj 4,delete
R1137 T5704 T5703 cc and,4
R1138 T5705 T5703 conj 5,4
R1139 T5706 T5703 prep of,4
R1140 T5707 T5708 det the,gene
R1141 T5708 T5706 pobj gene,of
R1142 T5709 T5708 amod murine,gene
R1143 T5710 T5711 compound PGC,1α
R1144 T5711 T5708 compound 1α,gene
R1145 T5712 T5711 punct -,1α
R1146 T5713 T5698 punct .,generated
R1147 T5715 T5716 det The,event
R1148 T5716 T5718 nsubj event,resulted
R1149 T5717 T5716 compound targeting,event
R1150 T5719 T5718 prep in,resulted
R1151 T5720 T5721 det a,recombination
R1152 T5721 T5719 pobj recombination,in
R1153 T5722 T5721 nummod 3,recombination
R1154 T5723 T5722 punct ′,3
R1155 T5724 T5721 amod homologous,recombination
R1156 T5725 T5718 prep with,resulted
R1157 T5726 T5725 pobj insertion,with
R1158 T5727 T5726 prep of,insertion
R1159 T5728 T5729 det the,remainder
R1160 T5729 T5727 pobj remainder,of
R1161 T5730 T5729 prep of,remainder
R1162 T5731 T5732 det the,construct
R1163 T5732 T5730 pobj construct,of
R1164 T5733 T5734 punct (,1A
R1165 T5734 T5718 parataxis 1A,resulted
R1166 T5735 T5734 compound Figure,1A
R1167 T5736 T5734 punct ),1A
R1168 T5737 T5718 punct .,resulted
R1169 T5739 T5740 det The,event
R1170 T5740 T5744 nsubjpass event,confirmed
R1171 T5741 T5742 compound insertion,recombination
R1172 T5742 T5740 compound recombination,event
R1173 T5743 T5742 punct /,recombination
R1174 T5745 T5744 auxpass was,confirmed
R1175 T5746 T5744 prep by,confirmed
R1176 T5747 T5748 compound Southern,blotting
R1177 T5748 T5746 pobj blotting,by
R1178 T5749 T5748 cc and,blotting
R1179 T5750 T5751 compound DNA,sequencing
R1180 T5751 T5748 conj sequencing,blotting
R1181 T5752 T5744 punct .,confirmed
R1182 T5754 T5755 det The,insertion
R1183 T5755 T5756 nsubj insertion,caused
R1184 T5757 T5758 det an,duplication
R1185 T5758 T5756 dobj duplication,caused
R1186 T5759 T5758 nmod exon,duplication
R1187 T5760 T5759 nummod 3,exon
R1188 T5761 T5758 prep between,duplication
R1189 T5762 T5763 nmod exons,5
R1190 T5763 T5761 pobj 5,between
R1191 T5764 T5763 cc and,5
R1192 T5765 T5763 conj 6,5
R1193 T5766 T5767 dep that,creates
R1194 T5767 T5758 relcl creates,duplication
R1195 T5768 T5769 det a,frameshift
R1196 T5769 T5767 dobj frameshift,creates
R1197 T5770 T5771 amod coding,region
R1198 T5771 T5769 compound region,frameshift
R1199 T5772 T5767 advcl resulting,creates
R1200 T5773 T5772 prep in,resulting
R1201 T5774 T5775 det a,termination
R1202 T5775 T5773 pobj termination,in
R1203 T5776 T5775 amod premature,termination
R1204 T5777 T5775 prep at,termination
R1205 T5778 T5779 compound amino,acid
R1206 T5779 T5777 pobj acid,at
R1207 T5780 T5779 nummod 255,acid
R1208 T5781 T5756 punct .,caused
R1209 T5783 T5784 compound Germline,transmission
R1210 T5784 T5785 nsubjpass transmission,confirmed
R1211 T5786 T5784 prep of,transmission
R1212 T5787 T5788 det the,allele
R1213 T5788 T5786 pobj allele,of
R1214 T5789 T5788 compound mutant,allele
R1215 T5790 T5785 auxpass was,confirmed
R1216 T5791 T5785 advcl using,confirmed
R1217 T5792 T5793 compound Southern,blotting
R1218 T5793 T5791 dobj blotting,using
R1219 T5794 T5795 punct (,1B
R1220 T5795 T5793 parataxis 1B,blotting
R1221 T5796 T5795 compound Figure,1B
R1222 T5797 T5795 punct ),1B
R1223 T5798 T5793 cc and,blotting
R1224 T5799 T5793 conj PCR,blotting
R1225 T5800 T5801 punct (,data
R1226 T5801 T5799 meta data,PCR
R1227 T5802 T5801 amod unpublished,data
R1228 T5803 T5801 punct ),data
R1229 T5804 T5785 punct .,confirmed
R1230 T5806 T5807 det The,disruption
R1231 T5807 T5812 nsubj disruption,resulted
R1232 T5808 T5809 compound PGC,1α
R1233 T5809 T5807 compound 1α,disruption
R1234 T5810 T5809 punct -,1α
R1235 T5811 T5807 compound gene,disruption
R1236 T5813 T5812 prep in,resulted
R1237 T5814 T5815 det an,transcript
R1238 T5815 T5813 pobj transcript,in
R1239 T5816 T5815 amod unstable,transcript
R1240 T5817 T5818 dep that,detected
R1241 T5818 T5815 relcl detected,transcript
R1242 T5819 T5818 aux could,detected
R1243 T5820 T5818 neg not,detected
R1244 T5821 T5818 auxpass be,detected
R1245 T5822 T5818 prep by,detected
R1246 T5823 T5824 compound RNA,analysis
R1247 T5824 T5822 pobj analysis,by
R1248 T5825 T5824 compound blot,analysis
R1249 T5826 T5818 prep in,detected
R1250 T5827 T5826 pobj heart,in
R1251 T5828 T5827 cc and,heart
R1252 T5829 T5830 amod other,tissues
R1253 T5830 T5827 conj tissues,heart
R1254 T5831 T5818 prep in,detected
R1255 T5832 T5833 nmod PGC,1α
R1256 T5833 T5835 nmod 1α,mice
R1257 T5834 T5833 punct -,1α
R1258 T5835 T5831 pobj mice,in
R1259 T5836 T5833 punct −,1α
R1260 T5837 T5833 punct /,1α
R1261 T5838 T5833 punct −,1α
R1262 T5839 T5840 punct (,1C
R1263 T5840 T5812 parataxis 1C,resulted
R1264 T5841 T5840 compound Figure,1C
R1265 T5842 T5840 cc and,1C
R1266 T5843 T5844 amod unpublished,data
R1267 T5844 T5840 conj data,1C
R1268 T5845 T5840 punct ),1C
R1269 T5846 T5812 punct .,resulted
R1270 T5848 T5849 amod Quantitative,PCR
R1271 T5849 T5852 nsubjpass PCR,utilized
R1272 T5850 T5849 compound RT,PCR
R1273 T5851 T5849 punct -,PCR
R1274 T5853 T5852 auxpass was,utilized
R1275 T5854 T5855 aux to,evaluate
R1276 T5855 T5852 advcl evaluate,utilized
R1277 T5856 T5855 advmod further,evaluate
R1278 T5857 T5858 det the,efficacy
R1279 T5858 T5855 dobj efficacy,evaluate
R1280 T5859 T5858 prep of,efficacy
R1281 T5860 T5861 det the,targeting
R1282 T5861 T5859 pobj targeting,of
R1283 T5862 T5861 compound gene,targeting
R1284 T5863 T5852 punct .,utilized
R1285 T5865 T5866 prep For,designed
R1286 T5867 T5868 det these,studies
R1287 T5868 T5865 pobj studies,For
R1288 T5869 T5866 punct ", ",designed
R1289 T5870 T5871 compound PCR,primers
R1290 T5871 T5866 nsubjpass primers,designed
R1291 T5872 T5866 auxpass were,designed
R1292 T5873 T5874 aux to,amplify
R1293 T5874 T5866 advcl amplify,designed
R1294 T5875 T5876 det a,region
R1295 T5876 T5874 dobj region,amplify
R1296 T5877 T5876 prep of,region
R1297 T5878 T5879 det the,transcript
R1298 T5879 T5877 pobj transcript,of
R1299 T5880 T5881 compound PGC,1α
R1300 T5881 T5879 compound 1α,transcript
R1301 T5882 T5881 punct -,1α
R1302 T5883 T5879 compound gene,transcript
R1303 T5884 T5876 acl containing,region
R1304 T5885 T5886 det the,border
R1305 T5886 T5884 dobj border,containing
R1306 T5887 T5888 nmod exon,5
R1307 T5888 T5886 nummod 5,border
R1308 T5889 T5890 punct –,6
R1309 T5890 T5888 prep 6,5
R1310 T5891 T5886 punct (,border
R1311 T5892 T5886 acl predicted,border
R1312 T5893 T5894 aux to,be
R1313 T5894 T5892 xcomp be,predicted
R1314 T5895 T5894 acomp absent,be
R1315 T5896 T5894 prep in,be
R1316 T5897 T5898 nmod PGC,1α
R1317 T5898 T5900 nmod 1α,mice
R1318 T5899 T5898 punct -,1α
R1319 T5900 T5896 pobj mice,in
R1320 T5901 T5898 punct −,1α
R1321 T5902 T5898 punct /,1α
R1322 T5903 T5898 punct −,1α
R1323 T5904 T5886 punct ),border
R1324 T5905 T5886 cc or,border
R1325 T5906 T5907 det the,border
R1326 T5907 T5886 conj border,border
R1327 T5908 T5909 nmod exon,5
R1328 T5909 T5907 nummod 5,border
R1329 T5910 T5911 punct –,3
R1330 T5911 T5909 prep 3,5
R1331 T5912 T5907 punct (,border
R1332 T5913 T5907 acl predicted,border
R1333 T5914 T5915 aux to,be
R1334 T5915 T5913 xcomp be,predicted
R1335 T5916 T5915 acomp present,be
R1336 T5917 T5918 advmod only,in
R1337 T5918 T5915 prep in,be
R1338 T5919 T5920 det the,mice
R1339 T5920 T5918 pobj mice,in
R1340 T5921 T5922 nmod PGC,1α
R1341 T5922 T5920 nmod 1α,mice
R1342 T5923 T5922 punct -,1α
R1343 T5924 T5922 punct −,1α
R1344 T5925 T5922 punct /,1α
R1345 T5926 T5922 punct −,1α
R1346 T5927 T5907 punct ),border
R1347 T5928 T5866 punct .,designed
R1348 T5930 T5931 det The,amplicon
R1349 T5931 T5936 nsubjpass amplicon,detected
R1350 T5932 T5933 nmod exon,5
R1351 T5933 T5931 nummod 5,amplicon
R1352 T5934 T5935 punct –,6
R1353 T5935 T5933 prep 6,5
R1354 T5937 T5936 auxpass was,detected
R1355 T5938 T5936 prep in,detected
R1356 T5939 T5938 pobj heart,in
R1357 T5940 T5939 cc and,heart
R1358 T5941 T5939 conj BAT,heart
R1359 T5942 T5939 prep of,heart
R1360 T5943 T5944 amod wild,type
R1361 T5944 T5946 nmod type,mice
R1362 T5945 T5944 punct -,type
R1363 T5946 T5942 pobj mice,of
R1364 T5947 T5944 punct (,type
R1365 T5948 T5944 appos WT,type
R1366 T5949 T5944 punct ),type
R1367 T5950 T5944 cc but,type
R1368 T5951 T5950 neg not,but
R1369 T5952 T5953 compound PGC,1α
R1370 T5953 T5944 conj 1α,type
R1371 T5954 T5953 punct -,1α
R1372 T5955 T5953 punct −,1α
R1373 T5956 T5953 punct /,1α
R1374 T5957 T5953 punct −,1α
R1375 T5958 T5959 punct (,1D
R1376 T5959 T5936 parataxis 1D,detected
R1377 T5960 T5959 compound Figure,1D
R1378 T5961 T5959 punct ),1D
R1379 T5962 T5936 punct .,detected
R1380 T5964 T5965 advmod Conversely,was
R1381 T5966 T5965 punct ", ",was
R1382 T5967 T5968 det the,product
R1383 T5968 T5965 nsubj product,was
R1384 T5969 T5970 nmod exon,5
R1385 T5970 T5968 nummod 5,product
R1386 T5971 T5972 punct –,3
R1387 T5972 T5970 prep 3,5
R1388 T5973 T5965 acomp present,was
R1389 T5974 T5975 advmod only,in
R1390 T5975 T5965 prep in,was
R1391 T5976 T5977 nmod PGC,1α
R1392 T5977 T5979 nmod 1α,mice
R1393 T5978 T5977 punct -,1α
R1394 T5979 T5975 pobj mice,in
R1395 T5980 T5977 punct −,1α
R1396 T5981 T5977 punct /,1α
R1397 T5982 T5977 punct −,1α
R1398 T5983 T5984 punct (,1D
R1399 T5984 T5965 parataxis 1D,was
R1400 T5985 T5984 compound Figure,1D
R1401 T5986 T5984 punct ),1D
R1402 T5987 T5965 punct .,was
R1403 T5989 T5990 det An,amplicon
R1404 T5990 T5996 nsubjpass amplicon,detected
R1405 T5991 T5992 nmod exon,10
R1406 T5992 T5990 nummod 10,amplicon
R1407 T5993 T5994 punct –,11
R1408 T5994 T5992 prep 11,10
R1409 T5995 T5990 compound border,amplicon
R1410 T5997 T5990 punct (,amplicon
R1411 T5998 T5990 acl predicted,amplicon
R1412 T5999 T6000 aux to,be
R1413 T6105 T6104 punct -,1α
R1414 T6107 T6106 auxpass were,detected
R1415 T6108 T6106 advmod also,detected
R1416 T6109 T6106 neg not,detected
R1417 T6110 T6106 prep by,detected
R1418 T6111 T6112 compound Western,blot
R1419 T6112 T6113 compound blot,analysis
R1420 T6113 T6110 pobj analysis,by
R1421 T6114 T6115 punct (,data
R1422 T6115 T6106 meta data,detected
R1423 T6116 T6115 amod unpublished,data
R1424 T6117 T6115 punct ),data
R1425 T6118 T6106 punct .,detected
R1426 T6120 T6121 advmod Lastly,altered
R1427 T6000 T5998 xcomp be,predicted
R1428 T6122 T6121 punct ", ",altered
R1429 T6001 T6000 acomp present,be
R1430 T6002 T6000 prep in,be
R1431 T6003 T6004 det both,genotypes
R1432 T6123 T6121 nsubjpass expression,altered
R1433 T6004 T6002 pobj genotypes,in
R1434 T6005 T5996 punct ),detected
R1435 T6006 T5996 auxpass was,detected
R1436 T6007 T5996 prep in,detected
R1437 T6008 T6009 nmod WT,mice
R1438 T6124 T6123 prep of,expression
R1439 T6009 T6007 pobj mice,in
R1440 T6010 T6008 cc and,WT
R1441 T6011 T6012 compound PGC,1α
R1442 T6125 T6126 det the,genes
R1443 T6012 T6008 conj 1α,WT
R1444 T6013 T6012 punct -,1α
R1445 T6014 T6012 punct −,1α
R1446 T6126 T6124 pobj genes,of
R1447 T6015 T6012 punct /,1α
R1448 T6016 T6012 punct −,1α
R1449 T6017 T5996 punct ", ",detected
R1450 T6127 T6126 acl encoding,genes
R1451 T6018 T5996 cc but,detected
R1452 T6019 T6020 auxpass was,diminished
R1453 T6020 T5996 conj diminished,detected
R1454 T6128 T6129 det the,members
R1455 T6021 T6020 advmod greatly,diminished
R1456 T6022 T6020 prep in,diminished
R1457 T6023 T6024 det the,mice
R1458 T6129 T6127 dobj members,encoding
R1459 T6024 T6022 pobj mice,in
R1460 T6025 T6026 nmod PGC,1α
R1461 T6130 T6129 amod other,members
R1462 T6026 T6024 nmod 1α,mice
R1463 T6027 T6026 punct -,1α
R1464 T6028 T6026 punct −,1α
R1465 T6131 T6129 amod known,members
R1466 T6029 T6026 punct /,1α
R1467 T6132 T6129 nmod PGC,members
R1468 T6030 T6026 punct −,1α
R1469 T6031 T6020 punct ", ",diminished
R1470 T6032 T6020 advcl indicating,diminished
R1471 T6033 T6034 mark that,is
R1472 T6133 T6132 punct -,PGC
R1473 T6134 T6132 nummod 1,PGC
R1474 T6034 T6032 ccomp is,indicating
R1475 T6035 T6036 det the,transcript
R1476 T6135 T6129 compound family,members
R1477 T6036 T6034 nsubj transcript,is
R1478 T6037 T6036 compound mutant,transcript
R1479 T6038 T6034 acomp unstable,is
R1480 T6136 T6129 punct ", ",members
R1481 T6039 T5996 punct .,detected
R1482 T6137 T6138 compound PGC,1β
R1483 T6041 T6042 compound PGC,1α
R1484 T6042 T6044 compound 1α,protein
R1485 T6043 T6042 punct -,1α
R1486 T6138 T6129 appos 1β,members
R1487 T6044 T6045 nsubjpass protein,detected
R1488 T6046 T6045 auxpass was,detected
R1489 T6139 T6138 punct -,1β
R1490 T6047 T6045 neg not,detected
R1491 T6048 T6045 prep in,detected
R1492 T6140 T6138 cc and,1β
R1493 T6049 T6050 amod whole,cell
R1494 T6050 T6051 nmod cell,extracts
R1495 T6051 T6048 pobj extracts,in
R1496 T6141 T6138 conj PRC,1β
R1497 T6052 T6053 punct (,1E
R1498 T6053 T6050 parataxis 1E,cell
R1499 T6142 T6121 punct ", ",altered
R1500 T6054 T6053 compound Figure,1E
R1501 T6055 T6053 punct ),1E
R1502 T6056 T6050 cc or,cell
R1503 T6143 T6121 auxpass was,altered
R1504 T6057 T6058 amod nuclear,protein
R1505 T6058 T6050 conj protein,cell
R1506 T6059 T6060 punct (,data
R1507 T6144 T6121 neg not,altered
R1508 T6060 T6051 meta data,extracts
R1509 T6061 T6060 amod unpublished,data
R1510 T6145 T6121 advmod significantly,altered
R1511 T6062 T6060 punct ),data
R1512 T6063 T6051 acl isolated,extracts
R1513 T6146 T6121 prep in,altered
R1514 T6064 T6063 prep from,isolated
R1515 T6065 T6064 pobj BAT,from
R1516 T6066 T6065 prep of,BAT
R1517 T6147 T6146 pobj heart,in
R1518 T6067 T6068 nmod PGC,1α
R1519 T6068 T6070 nmod 1α,mice
R1520 T6148 T6147 prep of,heart
R1521 T6069 T6068 punct -,1α
R1522 T6070 T6066 pobj mice,of
R1523 T6071 T6068 punct −,1α
R1524 T6072 T6068 punct /,1α
R1525 T6073 T6068 punct −,1α
R1526 T6149 T6150 nmod PGC,1α
R1527 T6074 T6063 prep under,isolated
R1528 T6075 T6076 amod basal,conditions
R1529 T6076 T6074 pobj conditions,under
R1530 T6150 T6152 nmod 1α,mice
R1531 T6077 T6045 cc or,detected
R1532 T6078 T6045 conj in,detected
R1533 T6079 T6078 pobj response,in
R1534 T6151 T6150 punct -,1α
R1535 T6080 T6079 prep to,response
R1536 T6081 T6082 compound cold,exposure
R1537 T6082 T6080 pobj exposure,to
R1538 T6152 T6148 pobj mice,of
R1539 T6083 T6082 punct ", ",exposure
R1540 T6084 T6085 det a,condition
R1541 T6085 T6082 appos condition,exposure
R1542 T6153 T6150 punct −,1α
R1543 T6086 T6085 acl known,condition
R1544 T6087 T6088 aux to,induce
R1545 T6154 T6150 punct /,1α
R1546 T6088 T6086 xcomp induce,known
R1547 T6089 T6088 advmod markedly,induce
R1548 T6155 T6150 punct −,1α
R1549 T6090 T6091 det the,expression
R1550 T6091 T6088 dobj expression,induce
R1551 T6092 T6091 prep of,expression
R1552 T6156 T6157 punct (,1C
R1553 T6093 T6094 compound PGC,1α
R1554 T6094 T6092 pobj 1α,of
R1555 T6095 T6094 punct -,1α
R1556 T6096 T6088 prep in,induce
R1557 T6157 T6121 parataxis 1C,altered
R1558 T6097 T6096 pobj BAT,in
R1559 T6098 T6045 punct .,detected
R1560 T6158 T6157 compound Figure,1C
R1561 T6100 T6101 amod Smaller,proteins
R1562 T6101 T6106 nsubjpass proteins,detected
R1563 T6102 T6101 compound mutant,proteins
R1564 T6103 T6104 compound PGC,1α
R1565 T6159 T6157 punct ),1C
R1566 T6104 T6101 compound 1α,proteins
R1567 T6160 T6121 punct .,altered
R1568 T6162 T6163 advcl Taken,support
R1569 T6164 T6162 advmod together,Taken
R1570 T6165 T6163 punct ", ",support
R1571 T6166 T6167 det these,results
R1572 T6167 T6163 nsubj results,support
R1573 T6168 T6169 det the,conclusion
R1574 T6169 T6163 dobj conclusion,support
R1575 T6170 T6171 mark that,resulted
R1576 T6171 T6169 acl resulted,conclusion
R1577 T6172 T6173 det the,event
R1578 T6173 T6171 nsubj event,resulted
R1579 T6174 T6173 nmod gene,event
R1580 T6175 T6174 amod targeting,gene
R1581 T6176 T6171 prep in,resulted
R1582 T6177 T6178 det a,allele
R1583 T6178 T6176 pobj allele,in
R1584 T6179 T6180 compound PGC,1α
R1585 T6180 T6182 npadvmod 1α,null
R1586 T6181 T6180 punct -,1α
R1587 T6182 T6178 amod null,allele
R1588 T6183 T6163 punct .,support
R1589 T7689 T7690 amod General,Characteristics
R1590 T7691 T7690 prep of,Characteristics
R1591 T7692 T7693 det the,Mice
R1592 T7693 T7691 pobj Mice,of
R1593 T7694 T7695 nmod PGC,1α
R1594 T7695 T7693 nmod 1α,Mice
R1595 T7696 T7695 punct -,1α
R1596 T7697 T7695 punct −,1α
R1597 T7698 T7695 punct /,1α
R1598 T7699 T7695 punct −,1α
R1599 T7700 T7690 punct : ,Characteristics
R1600 T7701 T7702 npadvmod Age,Dependent
R1601 T7702 T7707 amod Dependent,Obesity
R1602 T7703 T7701 punct -,Age
R1603 T7704 T7701 cc and,Age
R1604 T7705 T7701 conj Sex,Age
R1605 T7706 T7702 punct -,Dependent
R1606 T7707 T7690 appos Obesity,Characteristics
R1607 T7709 T7710 amod Heterozygous,mice
R1608 T7710 T7719 nsubjpass mice,bred
R1609 T7711 T7710 punct (,mice
R1610 T7712 T7713 nmod PGC,1α
R1611 T7713 T7710 nmod 1α,mice
R1612 T7714 T7713 punct -,1α
R1613 T7715 T7713 punct +,1α
R1614 T7716 T7713 punct /,1α
R1615 T7717 T7713 punct −,1α
R1616 T7718 T7710 punct ),mice
R1617 T7720 T7719 auxpass were,bred
R1618 T7721 T7722 aux to,generate
R1619 T7722 T7719 advcl generate,bred
R1620 T7723 T7724 nmod PGC,1α
R1621 T7724 T7726 nmod 1α,offspring
R1622 T7725 T7724 punct -,1α
R1623 T7726 T7722 dobj offspring,generate
R1624 T7727 T7724 punct −,1α
R1625 T7728 T7724 punct /,1α
R1626 T7729 T7724 punct −,1α
R1627 T7730 T7719 punct .,bred
R1628 T7732 T7733 det The,ratios
R1629 T7733 T7736 nsubj ratios,were
R1630 T7734 T7733 amod observed,ratios
R1631 T7735 T7733 compound genotype,ratios
R1632 T7737 T7733 prep of,ratios
R1633 T7738 T7739 det the,offspring
R1634 T7739 T7737 pobj offspring,of
R1635 T7740 T7736 acomp consistent,were
R1636 T7741 T7740 prep with,consistent
R1637 T7742 T7743 det the,ratios
R1638 T7743 T7741 pobj ratios,with
R1639 T7744 T7743 amod expected,ratios
R1640 T7745 T7743 amod Mendelian,ratios
R1641 T7746 T7747 punct (,data
R1642 T7747 T7736 meta data,were
R1643 T7748 T7747 amod unpublished,data
R1644 T7749 T7747 punct ),data
R1645 T7750 T7736 punct .,were
R1646 T7752 T7753 amod Unexpected,deaths
R1647 T7753 T7754 nsubjpass deaths,observed
R1648 T7755 T7753 prep of,deaths
R1649 T7756 T7757 det the,offspring
R1650 T7757 T7755 pobj offspring,of
R1651 T7758 T7754 auxpass were,observed
R1652 T7759 T7754 neg not,observed
R1653 T7760 T7754 punct ", ",observed
R1654 T7761 T7754 cc and,observed
R1655 T7762 T7763 nmod PGC,1α
R1656 T7763 T7765 nmod 1α,offspring
R1657 T7764 T7763 punct -,1α
R1658 T7765 T7776 nsubj offspring,appeared
R1659 T7766 T7763 punct +,1α
R1660 T7767 T7763 punct /,1α
R1661 T7768 T7763 punct −,1α
R1662 T7769 T7763 cc and,1α
R1663 T7770 T7771 compound PGC,1α
R1664 T7771 T7763 conj 1α,1α
R1665 T7772 T7771 punct -,1α
R1666 T7773 T7771 punct −,1α
R1667 T7774 T7771 punct /,1α
R1668 T7775 T7771 punct −,1α
R1669 T7776 T7754 conj appeared,observed
R1670 T7777 T7776 oprd normal,appeared
R1671 T7778 T7776 punct .,appeared
R1672 T7780 T7781 amod Total,weights
R1673 T7781 T7783 nsubj weights,revealed
R1674 T7782 T7781 compound body,weights
R1675 T7784 T7781 acl obtained,weights
R1676 T7785 T7786 nummod 1,wk
R1677 T7786 T7787 npadvmod wk,after
R1678 T7787 T7784 prep after,obtained
R1679 T7788 T7787 pobj birth,after
R1680 T7789 T7790 det a,reduction
R1681 T7790 T7783 dobj reduction,revealed
R1682 T7791 T7792 nummod 15,%
R1683 T7792 T7790 nmod %,reduction
R1684 T7793 T7794 punct –,%
R1685 T7794 T7792 prep %,%
R1686 T7795 T7794 nummod 20,%
R1687 T7796 T7790 prep in,reduction
R1688 T7797 T7798 amod total,mass
R1689 T7798 T7796 pobj mass,in
R1690 T7799 T7798 compound body,mass
R1691 T7800 T7783 prep for,revealed
R1692 T7801 T7802 amod male,mice
R1693 T7802 T7800 pobj mice,for
R1694 T7803 T7801 cc and,male
R1695 T7804 T7801 conj female,male
R1696 T7805 T7806 nmod PGC,1α
R1697 T7806 T7802 nmod 1α,mice
R1698 T7807 T7806 punct -,1α
R1699 T7808 T7806 punct −,1α
R1700 T7809 T7806 punct /,1α
R1701 T7810 T7806 punct −,1α
R1702 T7811 T7783 advcl relative,revealed
R1703 T7812 T7811 prep to,relative
R1704 T7813 T7814 npadvmod sex,matched
R1705 T7814 T7816 amod matched,littermates
R1706 T7815 T7814 punct -,matched
R1707 T7816 T7812 pobj littermates,to
R1708 T7817 T7818 nmod PGC,1α
R1709 T7818 T7816 nmod 1α,littermates
R1710 T7819 T7818 punct -,1α
R1711 T7820 T7818 punct +,1α
R1712 T7821 T7818 punct /,1α
R1713 T7822 T7818 punct +,1α
R1714 T7823 T7824 punct (,Figure
R1715 T7824 T7783 parataxis Figure,revealed
R1716 T7825 T7824 nummod 2,Figure
R1717 T7826 T7824 punct ),Figure
R1718 T7827 T7783 punct .,revealed
R1719 T7829 T7830 det The,decrement
R1720 T7830 T7832 nsubj decrement,disappeared
R1721 T7831 T7830 compound weight,decrement
R1722 T7833 T7830 prep between,decrement
R1723 T7834 T7835 nmod PGC,1α
R1724 T7835 T7837 nmod 1α,littermates
R1725 T7836 T7835 punct -,1α
R1726 T7837 T7833 pobj littermates,between
R1727 T7838 T7835 punct −,1α
R1728 T7839 T7835 punct /,1α
R1729 T7840 T7835 punct −,1α
R1730 T7841 T7835 cc and,1α
R1731 T7842 T7843 compound PGC,1α
R1732 T7843 T7835 conj 1α,1α
R1733 T7844 T7843 punct -,1α
R1734 T7845 T7843 punct +,1α
R1735 T7846 T7843 punct /,1α
R1736 T7847 T7843 punct +,1α
R1737 T7848 T7832 prep by,disappeared
R1738 T7849 T7850 nummod 3,wk
R1739 T7850 T7848 pobj wk,by
R1740 T7851 T7850 prep of,wk
R1741 T7852 T7851 pobj age,of
R1742 T7853 T7854 punct (,2A
R1743 T7854 T7832 parataxis 2A,disappeared
R1744 T7855 T7854 compound Figure,2A
R1745 T7856 T7854 punct ),2A
R1746 T7857 T7832 punct .,disappeared
R1747 T7859 T7860 prep At,was
R1748 T7861 T7862 nummod 18,wk
R1749 T7862 T7859 pobj wk,At
R1750 T7863 T7862 prep of,wk
R1751 T7864 T7863 pobj age,of
R1752 T7865 T7860 punct ", ",was
R1753 T7866 T7867 compound body,weight
R1754 T7867 T7860 nsubj weight,was
R1755 T7868 T7869 advmod modestly,greater
R1756 T7869 T7860 acomp greater,was
R1757 T7870 T7868 cc but,modestly
R1758 T7871 T7868 conj significantly,modestly
R1759 T7872 T7860 prep in,was
R1760 T7873 T7874 amod male,mice
R1761 T7874 T7872 pobj mice,in
R1762 T7875 T7873 cc and,male
R1763 T7876 T7873 conj female,male
R1764 T7877 T7878 nmod PGC,1α
R1765 T7878 T7874 nmod 1α,mice
R1766 T7879 T7878 punct -,1α
R1767 T7880 T7878 punct −,1α
R1768 T7881 T7878 punct /,1α
R1769 T7882 T7878 punct −,1α
R1770 T7883 T7860 prep compared,was
R1771 T7884 T7883 prep to,compared
R1772 T7885 T7886 npadvmod sex,matched
R1773 T7886 T7888 amod matched,controls
R1774 T7887 T7886 punct -,matched
R1775 T7888 T7884 pobj controls,to
R1776 T7889 T7890 nmod PGC,1α
R1777 T7890 T7888 nmod 1α,controls
R1778 T7891 T7890 punct -,1α
R1779 T7892 T7890 punct +,1α
R1780 T7893 T7890 punct /,1α
R1781 T7894 T7890 punct +,1α
R1782 T7895 T7896 punct (,2A
R1783 T7896 T7860 parataxis 2A,was
R1784 T7897 T7896 compound Figure,2A
R1785 T7898 T7896 punct ),2A
R1786 T7899 T7860 punct .,was
R1787 T7901 T7902 det This,difference
R1788 T7902 T7904 nsubj difference,was
R1789 T7903 T7902 compound weight,difference
R1790 T7905 T7904 advmod also,was
R1791 T7906 T7904 acomp significant,was
R1792 T7907 T7904 prep for,was
R1793 T7908 T7909 amod female,mice
R1794 T7909 T7907 pobj mice,for
R1795 T7910 T7911 nmod PGC,1α
R1796 T7911 T7909 nmod 1α,mice
R1797 T7912 T7911 punct -,1α
R1798 T7913 T7911 punct −,1α
R1799 T7914 T7911 punct /,1α
R1800 T7915 T7911 punct −,1α
R1801 T7916 T7904 prep at,was
R1802 T7917 T7918 nummod 24,wk
R1803 T7918 T7916 pobj wk,at
R1804 T7919 T7918 prep of,wk
R1805 T7920 T7919 pobj age,of
R1806 T7921 T7922 punct (,2A
R1807 T7922 T7904 parataxis 2A,was
R1808 T7923 T7922 compound Figure,2A
R1809 T7924 T7922 punct ),2A
R1810 T7925 T7904 punct .,was
R1811 T7927 T7928 det The,gain
R1812 T7928 T7931 nsubjpass gain,associated
R1813 T7929 T7928 amod abnormal,gain
R1814 T7930 T7928 compound weight,gain
R1815 T7932 T7928 prep in,gain
R1816 T7933 T7934 nmod PGC,1α
R1817 T7934 T7936 nmod 1α,mice
R1818 T7935 T7934 punct -,1α
R1819 T7936 T7932 pobj mice,in
R1820 T7937 T7934 punct −,1α
R1821 T7938 T7934 punct /,1α
R1822 T7939 T7934 punct −,1α
R1823 T7940 T7931 auxpass was,associated
R1824 T7941 T7931 neg not,associated
R1825 T7942 T7931 prep with,associated
R1826 T7943 T7942 pobj differences,with
R1827 T7944 T7943 prep in,differences
R1828 T7945 T7946 compound food,intake
R1829 T7946 T7944 pobj intake,in
R1830 T7947 T7948 punct (,data
R1831 T7948 T7943 meta data,differences
R1832 T7949 T7948 amod unpublished,data
R1833 T7950 T7948 punct ),data
R1834 T7951 T7943 cc or,differences
R1835 T7952 T7943 conj alterations,differences
R1836 T7953 T7952 prep in,alterations
R1837 T7954 T7955 amod general,activity
R1838 T7955 T7953 pobj activity,in
R1839 T7956 T7957 mark as,monitored
R1840 T7957 T7931 advcl monitored,associated
R1841 T7958 T7957 prep for,monitored
R1842 T7959 T7960 nummod 48,h
R1843 T7960 T7958 pobj h,for
R1844 T7961 T7962 punct (,S1
R1845 T7962 T7957 parataxis S1,monitored
R1846 T7963 T7962 compound Figure,S1
R1847 T7964 T7962 punct ),S1
R1848 T7965 T7931 punct .,associated
R1849 T7967 T7968 compound Percent,fat
R1850 T7968 T7970 nsubj fat,was
R1851 T7969 T7968 compound body,fat
R1852 T7971 T7968 punct ", ",fat
R1853 T7972 T7973 mark as,determined
R1854 T8077 T8074 conj 24,18
R1855 T7973 T7968 advcl determined,fat
R1856 T7974 T7973 prep by,determined
R1857 T8078 T8075 prep of,wk
R1858 T7975 T7976 amod dual,energy
R1859 T7976 T7978 compound energy,absorption
R1860 T7977 T7976 punct -,energy
R1861 T8079 T8078 pobj age,of
R1862 T7978 T7974 pobj absorption,by
R1863 T7979 T7978 compound X-ray,absorption
R1864 T8080 T8060 punct ", ",accumulated
R1865 T7980 T7978 punct (,absorption
R1866 T7981 T7978 appos DEXA,absorption
R1867 T7982 T7970 punct ),was
R1868 T7983 T7970 punct ", ",was
R1869 T8081 T8082 amod older,mice
R1870 T7984 T7970 acomp greater,was
R1871 T7985 T7970 prep in,was
R1872 T7986 T7987 nummod 18,wk
R1873 T7987 T7992 npadvmod wk,old
R1874 T8082 T8060 nsubj mice,accumulated
R1875 T7988 T7986 punct -,18
R1876 T7989 T7986 cc and,18
R1877 T7990 T7986 conj 24,18
R1878 T8083 T8082 amod male,mice
R1879 T7991 T7987 punct -,wk
R1880 T7992 T7994 amod old,mice
R1881 T7993 T7992 punct -,old
R1882 T8084 T8082 compound mutant,mice
R1883 T7994 T7985 pobj mice,in
R1884 T7995 T7994 amod female,mice
R1885 T8085 T8082 punct (,mice
R1886 T7996 T7997 nmod PGC,1α
R1887 T7997 T7994 nmod 1α,mice
R1888 T7998 T7997 punct -,1α
R1889 T8086 T8087 quantmod over,7
R1890 T7999 T7997 punct −,1α
R1891 T8000 T7997 punct /,1α
R1892 T8087 T8088 nummod 7,mo
R1893 T8001 T7997 punct −,1α
R1894 T8088 T8082 npadvmod mo,mice
R1895 T8002 T7970 prep compared,was
R1896 T8003 T8002 prep to,compared
R1897 T8004 T8005 npadvmod age,matched
R1898 T8089 T8088 prep of,mo
R1899 T8005 T8007 amod matched,counterparts
R1900 T8006 T8005 punct -,matched
R1901 T8090 T8089 pobj age,of
R1902 T8007 T8003 pobj counterparts,to
R1903 T8008 T8007 amod female,counterparts
R1904 T8091 T8060 punct ),accumulated
R1905 T8009 T8010 nmod PGC,1α
R1906 T8010 T8007 nmod 1α,counterparts
R1907 T8011 T8010 punct -,1α
R1908 T8092 T8093 amod more,fat
R1909 T8012 T8010 punct +,1α
R1910 T8013 T8010 punct /,1α
R1911 T8014 T8010 punct +,1α
R1912 T8093 T8060 dobj fat,accumulated
R1913 T8015 T7970 punct ", ",was
R1914 T8016 T7970 advcl indicating,was
R1915 T8094 T8093 compound body,fat
R1916 T8017 T8018 mark that,was
R1917 T8018 T8016 ccomp was,indicating
R1918 T8095 T8093 prep than,fat
R1919 T8019 T8020 det the,difference
R1920 T8020 T8018 nsubj difference,was
R1921 T8021 T8022 compound body,weight
R1922 T8096 T8097 amod male,controls
R1923 T8022 T8020 compound weight,difference
R1924 T8023 T8018 prep due,was
R1925 T8097 T8095 pobj controls,than
R1926 T8024 T8023 punct ", ",due
R1927 T8098 T8097 compound WT,controls
R1928 T8025 T8026 advmod at,least
R1929 T8026 T8027 advmod least,in
R1930 T8099 T8100 punct (,2A
R1931 T8027 T8023 prep in,due
R1932 T8028 T8027 amod part,in
R1933 T8100 T8060 parataxis 2A,accumulated
R1934 T8029 T8023 punct ", ",due
R1935 T8030 T8023 pcomp to,due
R1936 T8031 T8032 amod increased,fat
R1937 T8032 T8023 pobj fat,due
R1938 T8101 T8100 compound Figure,2A
R1939 T8033 T8032 compound body,fat
R1940 T8034 T8035 punct (,2A
R1941 T8102 T8100 cc and,2A
R1942 T8035 T8018 parataxis 2A,was
R1943 T8036 T8035 compound Figure,2A
R1944 T8103 T8104 amod unpublished,data
R1945 T8037 T8035 punct ),2A
R1946 T8104 T8100 conj data,2A
R1947 T8038 T7970 punct .,was
R1948 T8105 T8100 punct ),2A
R1949 T8040 T8041 amod Lean,mass
R1950 T8041 T8042 nsubj mass,was
R1951 T8106 T8060 punct .,accumulated
R1952 T8043 T8042 neg not,was
R1953 T8044 T8045 advmod significantly,different
R1954 T8045 T8042 acomp different,was
R1955 T8046 T8042 prep between,was
R1956 T8108 T8109 amod Individual,weights
R1957 T8047 T8048 det the,genotypes
R1958 T8048 T8046 pobj genotypes,between
R1959 T8049 T8050 punct (,data
R1960 T8050 T8042 meta data,was
R1961 T8109 T8111 nsubjpass weights,assessed
R1962 T8051 T8050 amod unpublished,data
R1963 T8110 T8109 compound organ,weights
R1964 T8052 T8050 punct ),data
R1965 T8053 T8042 punct .,was
R1966 T8112 T8111 auxpass were,assessed
R1967 T8055 T8056 mark Although,detect
R1968 T8056 T8060 advcl detect,accumulated
R1969 T8057 T8056 nsubj DEXA,detect
R1970 T8058 T8056 aux did,detect
R1971 T8113 T8111 punct ", ",assessed
R1972 T8059 T8056 neg not,detect
R1973 T8114 T8111 prep given,assessed
R1974 T8061 T8062 amod excess,fat
R1975 T8062 T8056 dobj fat,detect
R1976 T8115 T8116 det the,importance
R1977 T8063 T8062 compound body,fat
R1978 T8064 T8056 prep in,detect
R1979 T8065 T8066 amod male,mice
R1980 T8116 T8114 pobj importance,given
R1981 T8066 T8064 pobj mice,in
R1982 T8067 T8068 nmod PGC,1α
R1983 T8068 T8066 nmod 1α,mice
R1984 T8117 T8116 prep of,importance
R1985 T8069 T8068 punct -,1α
R1986 T8070 T8068 punct −,1α
R1987 T8071 T8068 punct /,1α
R1988 T8118 T8119 amod mitochondrial,metabolism
R1989 T8072 T8068 punct −,1α
R1990 T8073 T8056 prep at,detect
R1991 T8074 T8075 nummod 18,wk
R1992 T8119 T8117 pobj metabolism,of
R1993 T8075 T8073 pobj wk,at
R1994 T8076 T8074 cc or,18
R1995 T8120 T8119 compound energy,metabolism
R1996 T8121 T8116 prep for,importance
R1997 T8122 T8123 amod postnatal,growth
R1998 T8123 T8121 pobj growth,for
R1999 T8124 T8123 prep in,growth
R2000 T8183 T8179 punct +,1α
R2001 T8125 T8126 amod certain,organs
R2002 T8184 T8131 prep at,were
R2003 T8185 T8186 nummod 3,wk
R2004 T8186 T8184 pobj wk,at
R2005 T8187 T8185 cc and,3
R2006 T8126 T8124 pobj organs,in
R2007 T8188 T8185 conj 8,3
R2008 T8189 T8186 prep of,wk
R2009 T8190 T8189 pobj age,of
R2010 T8127 T8111 punct .,assessed
R2011 T8129 T8130 det The,weights
R2012 T8191 T8192 punct (,2B
R2013 T8192 T8131 parataxis 2B,were
R2014 T8193 T8192 compound Figure,2B
R2015 T8194 T8192 cc and,2B
R2016 T8195 T8196 amod unpublished,data
R2017 T8130 T8131 nsubj weights,were
R2018 T8196 T8192 conj data,2B
R2019 T8197 T8192 punct ),2B
R2020 T8198 T8131 punct .,were
R2021 T8132 T8130 prep of,weights
R2022 T8200 T8201 prep In,were
R2023 T8133 T8132 pobj heart,of
R2024 T8202 T8200 pobj contrast,In
R2025 T8203 T8201 punct ", ",were
R2026 T8134 T8133 cc and,heart
R2027 T8204 T8205 det the,weights
R2028 T8205 T8201 nsubj weights,were
R2029 T8135 T8136 amod slow,twitch
R2030 T8206 T8205 prep of,weights
R2031 T8207 T8206 pobj brain,of
R2032 T8208 T8207 punct ", ",brain
R2033 T8136 T8138 nmod twitch,muscles
R2034 T8209 T8207 conj liver,brain
R2035 T8210 T8209 punct ", ",liver
R2036 T8211 T8209 conj kidney,liver
R2037 T8137 T8136 punct -,twitch
R2038 T8212 T8211 punct ", ",kidney
R2039 T8213 T8211 cc and,kidney
R2040 T8214 T8211 conj BAT,kidney
R2041 T8138 T8133 conj muscles,heart
R2042 T8215 T8201 neg not,were
R2043 T8216 T8217 advmod significantly,different
R2044 T8139 T8140 npadvmod fiber,enriched
R2045 T8217 T8201 acomp different,were
R2046 T8218 T8217 prep between,different
R2047 T8219 T8220 det the,genotypes
R2048 T8140 T8138 amod enriched,muscles
R2049 T8220 T8218 pobj genotypes,between
R2050 T8221 T8201 prep at,were
R2051 T8222 T8223 det the,point
R2052 T8141 T8140 punct -,enriched
R2053 T8223 T8221 pobj point,at
R2054 T8224 T8225 nummod 3,wk
R2055 T8225 T8223 compound wk,point
R2056 T8226 T8225 punct -,wk
R2057 T8227 T8223 compound time,point
R2058 T8142 T8138 amod skeletal,muscles
R2059 T8228 T8229 punct (,2B
R2060 T8229 T8201 parataxis 2B,were
R2061 T8230 T8229 compound Figure,2B
R2062 T8231 T8229 punct ),2B
R2063 T8143 T8138 punct ", ",muscles
R2064 T8144 T8138 prep including,muscles
R2065 T8232 T8201 punct .,were
R2066 T8234 T8235 advmod Thus,exhibit
R2067 T8145 T8144 pobj gastrocnemius,including
R2068 T8236 T8235 punct ", ",exhibit
R2069 T8237 T8238 amod certain,tissues
R2070 T8146 T8145 cc and,gastrocnemius
R2071 T8238 T8235 nsubj tissues,exhibit
R2072 T8239 T8238 prep with,tissues
R2073 T8147 T8145 conj soleus,gastrocnemius
R2074 T8240 T8241 amod high,requirements
R2075 T8241 T8239 pobj requirements,with
R2076 T8148 T8145 punct ", ",gastrocnemius
R2077 T8242 T8241 amod mitochondrial,requirements
R2078 T8243 T8241 compound energy,requirements
R2079 T8244 T8238 punct ", ",tissues
R2080 T8245 T8246 amod such,as
R2081 T8149 T8145 cc but,gastrocnemius
R2082 T8246 T8238 prep as,tissues
R2083 T8247 T8248 nmod heart,muscle
R2084 T8150 T8149 neg not,but
R2085 T8248 T8246 pobj muscle,as
R2086 T8249 T8247 cc and,heart
R2087 T8250 T8251 amod slow,twitch
R2088 T8151 T8152 det the,anterior
R2089 T8251 T8253 npadvmod twitch,skeletal
R2090 T8252 T8251 punct -,twitch
R2091 T8253 T8247 conj skeletal,heart
R2092 T8152 T8145 conj anterior,gastrocnemius
R2093 T8254 T8235 punct ", ",exhibit
R2094 T8255 T8256 amod modest,defects
R2095 T8153 T8154 advmod less,oxidative
R2096 T8256 T8235 dobj defects,exhibit
R2097 T8257 T8256 compound growth,defects
R2098 T8258 T8235 prep in,exhibit
R2099 T8259 T8260 nmod PGC,1α
R2100 T8154 T8152 amod oxidative,anterior
R2101 T8260 T8262 nmod 1α,mice
R2102 T8155 T8152 compound tibialis,anterior
R2103 T8261 T8260 punct -,1α
R2104 T8262 T8258 pobj mice,in
R2105 T8263 T8260 punct −,1α
R2106 T8156 T8131 punct ", ",were
R2107 T8264 T8260 punct /,1α
R2108 T8265 T8260 punct −,1α
R2109 T8266 T8235 punct .,exhibit
R2110 T8157 T8158 advmod significantly,lower
R2111 T8158 T8131 acomp lower,were
R2112 T8159 T8131 prep in,were
R2113 T8160 T8161 amod male,mice
R2114 T8161 T8159 pobj mice,in
R2115 T8162 T8160 cc and,male
R2116 T8163 T8160 conj female,male
R2117 T8164 T8165 nmod PGC,1α
R2118 T8165 T8161 nmod 1α,mice
R2119 T8166 T8165 punct -,1α
R2120 T8167 T8165 punct −,1α
R2121 T8168 T8165 punct /,1α
R2122 T8169 T8165 punct −,1α
R2123 T8170 T8131 prep compared,were
R2124 T8171 T8170 prep with,compared
R2125 T8172 T8173 npadvmod age,matched
R2126 T8173 T8177 amod matched,controls
R2127 T8174 T8172 cc and,age
R2128 T8175 T8172 conj sex,age
R2129 T8176 T8173 punct -,matched
R2130 T8177 T8171 pobj controls,with
R2131 T8178 T8179 nmod PGC,1α
R2132 T8179 T8177 nmod 1α,controls
R2133 T8180 T8179 punct -,1α
R2134 T8181 T8179 punct +,1α
R2135 T8182 T8179 punct /,1α
R2136 T9816 T9817 amod Abnormal,Phenotype
R2137 T9818 T9817 nmod Muscle,Phenotype
R2138 T9819 T9817 amod Mitochondrial,Phenotype
R2139 T9820 T9817 prep in,Phenotype
R2140 T9821 T9822 nmod PGC,1α
R2141 T9822 T9824 nmod 1α,Mice
R2142 T9823 T9822 punct -,1α
R2143 T9824 T9820 pobj Mice,in
R2144 T9825 T9822 punct −,1α
R2145 T9826 T9822 punct /,1α
R2146 T9827 T9822 punct −,1α
R2147 T9829 T9830 amod General,analyses
R2148 T9830 T9832 nsubjpass analyses,performed
R2149 T9831 T9830 amod histologic,analyses
R2150 T9833 T9832 auxpass were,performed
R2151 T9834 T9835 aux to,begin
R2152 T9835 T9832 advcl begin,performed
R2153 T9836 T9837 aux to,evaluate
R2154 T9837 T9835 xcomp evaluate,begin
R2155 T9838 T9839 det the,defect
R2156 T9839 T9837 dobj defect,evaluate
R2157 T9840 T9839 amod mild,defect
R2158 T9841 T9839 compound growth,defect
R2159 T9842 T9839 acl found,defect
R2160 T9843 T9842 prep in,found
R2161 T9844 T9845 amod postnatal,heart
R2162 T9845 T9843 pobj heart,in
R2163 T9846 T9845 cc and,heart
R2164 T9847 T9848 amod skeletal,muscle
R2165 T9848 T9845 conj muscle,heart
R2166 T9849 T9845 prep of,heart
R2167 T9850 T9851 det the,mice
R2168 T9851 T9849 pobj mice,of
R2169 T9852 T9853 nmod PGC,1α
R2170 T9853 T9851 nmod 1α,mice
R2171 T9854 T9853 punct -,1α
R2172 T9855 T9853 punct −,1α
R2173 T9856 T9853 punct /,1α
R2174 T9857 T9853 punct −,1α
R2175 T9858 T9832 punct .,performed
R2176 T9860 T9861 expl There,were
R2177 T9862 T9863 det no,abnormalities
R2178 T9863 T9861 attr abnormalities,were
R2179 T9864 T9863 amod obvious,abnormalities
R2180 T9865 T9863 prep in,abnormalities
R2181 T9866 T9865 pobj cellularity,in
R2182 T9867 T9866 punct ", ",cellularity
R2183 T9868 T9869 compound cell,size
R2184 T9869 T9866 conj size,cellularity
R2185 T9870 T9869 punct ", ",size
R2186 T9871 T9869 cc or,size
R2187 T9872 T9873 amod extracellular,matrix
R2188 T9873 T9869 conj matrix,size
R2189 T9874 T9861 prep in,were
R2190 T9875 T9876 det the,tissues
R2191 T9876 T9874 pobj tissues,in
R2192 T9877 T9876 prep of,tissues
R2193 T9878 T9879 quantmod 1,2
R2194 T9879 T9881 nummod 2,mo
R2195 T9880 T9879 punct –,2
R2196 T9881 T9883 npadvmod mo,old
R2197 T9882 T9881 punct -,mo
R2198 T9883 T9885 amod old,mice
R2199 T9884 T9883 punct -,old
R2200 T9885 T9877 pobj mice,of
R2201 T9886 T9887 nmod PGC,1α
R2202 T9887 T9885 nmod 1α,mice
R2203 T9888 T9887 punct -,1α
R2204 T9889 T9887 punct −,1α
R2205 T9890 T9887 punct /,1α
R2206 T9891 T9887 punct −,1α
R2207 T9892 T9893 punct (,data
R2208 T9893 T9861 meta data,were
R2209 T9894 T9893 amod unpublished,data
R2210 T9895 T9893 punct ),data
R2211 T9896 T9861 punct .,were
R2212 T9898 T9899 prep Given,examined
R2213 T9900 T9901 det the,role
R2214 T9901 T9898 pobj role,Given
R2215 T9902 T9901 amod important,role
R2216 T9903 T9901 prep of,role
R2217 T9904 T9905 compound PGC,1α
R2218 T9905 T9903 pobj 1α,of
R2219 T9906 T9905 punct -,1α
R2220 T9907 T9901 prep in,role
R2221 T9908 T9909 amod mitochondrial,function
R2222 T9909 T9907 pobj function,in
R2223 T9910 T9909 cc and,function
R2224 T9911 T9909 conj biogenesis,function
R2225 T9912 T9899 punct ", ",examined
R2226 T9913 T9899 nsubj we,examined
R2227 T9914 T9915 amod mitochondrial,ultrastructure
R2228 T9915 T9899 dobj ultrastructure,examined
R2229 T9916 T9899 prep in,examined
R2230 T9917 T9918 det the,tissues
R2231 T9918 T9916 pobj tissues,in
R2232 T9919 T9918 amod relevant,tissues
R2233 T9920 T9899 punct .,examined
R2234 T9922 T9923 npadvmod Electron,microscopic
R2235 T9923 T9924 amod microscopic,analysis
R2236 T9924 T9925 nsubj analysis,revealed
R2237 T9926 T9927 amod fewer,mitochondria
R2238 T9927 T9925 dobj mitochondria,revealed
R2239 T9928 T9926 cc and,fewer
R2240 T9929 T9926 conj smaller,fewer
R2241 T9930 T9927 prep in,mitochondria
R2242 T9931 T9932 compound soleus,muscle
R2243 T9932 T9930 pobj muscle,in
R2244 T9933 T9932 prep of,muscle
R2245 T9934 T9935 nmod PGC,1α
R2246 T9935 T9937 nmod 1α,mice
R2247 T9936 T9935 punct -,1α
R2248 T9937 T9933 pobj mice,of
R2249 T9938 T9935 punct −,1α
R2250 T9939 T9935 punct /,1α
R2251 T9940 T9935 punct −,1α
R2252 T9941 T9925 prep compared,revealed
R2253 T9942 T9941 prep to,compared
R2254 T9943 T9944 npadvmod sex,matched
R2255 T9944 T9949 amod matched,controls
R2256 T9945 T9943 punct -,sex
R2257 T9946 T9943 cc and,sex
R2258 T9947 T9943 conj age,sex
R2259 T9948 T9944 punct -,matched
R2260 T9949 T9942 pobj controls,to
R2261 T9950 T9951 nmod PGC,1α
R2262 T9951 T9949 nmod 1α,controls
R2263 T9952 T9951 punct -,1α
R2264 T9953 T9951 punct +,1α
R2265 T9954 T9951 punct /,1α
R2266 T9955 T9951 punct +,1α
R2267 T9956 T9957 punct (,3A
R2268 T9957 T9925 parataxis 3A,revealed
R2269 T9958 T9957 compound Figure,3A
R2270 T9959 T9957 punct ),3A
R2271 T9960 T9925 punct .,revealed
R2272 T9962 T9963 amod Quantitative,morphometry
R2273 T9963 T9964 nsubj morphometry,confirmed
R2274 T9965 T9963 prep of,morphometry
R2275 T9966 T9967 det the,micrographs
R2276 T9967 T9965 pobj micrographs,of
R2277 T9968 T9967 compound electron,micrographs
R2278 T9969 T9970 mark that,was
R2279 T9970 T9964 ccomp was,confirmed
R2280 T9971 T9972 det the,density
R2281 T9972 T9970 nsubj density,was
R2282 T9973 T9972 amod cellular,density
R2283 T9974 T9972 compound volume,density
R2284 T9975 T9972 prep of,density
R2285 T9976 T9977 compound soleus,mitochondria
R2286 T9977 T9975 pobj mitochondria,of
R2287 T9978 T9979 advmod significantly,lower
R2288 T9979 T9970 acomp lower,was
R2289 T9980 T9970 prep in,was
R2290 T9981 T9982 nmod PGC,1α
R2291 T9982 T9984 nmod 1α,mice
R2292 T9983 T9982 punct -,1α
R2293 T9984 T9980 pobj mice,in
R2294 T9985 T9982 punct −,1α
R2295 T9986 T9982 punct /,1α
R2296 T9987 T9982 punct −,1α
R2297 T9988 T9970 prep compared,was
R2298 T9989 T9988 prep to,compared
R2299 T9990 T9991 nmod PGC,1α
R2300 T9991 T9993 nmod 1α,controls
R2301 T9992 T9991 punct -,1α
R2302 T9993 T9989 pobj controls,to
R2303 T9994 T9991 punct +,1α
R2304 T9995 T9991 punct /,1α
R2305 T9996 T9991 punct +,1α
R2306 T9997 T9970 advcl independent,was
R2307 T9998 T9997 prep of,independent
R2308 T9999 T9998 pobj changes,of
R2309 T10000 T9999 prep in,changes
R2310 T10001 T10002 det the,component
R2311 T10002 T10000 pobj component,in
R2312 T10003 T10002 amod myofibrillar,component
R2313 T10004 T10005 punct (,3B
R2314 T10005 T9964 parataxis 3B,confirmed
R2315 T10006 T10005 compound Figure,3B
R2316 T10007 T10005 punct ),3B
R2317 T10008 T9964 punct .,confirmed
R2318 T10010 T10011 advcl Consistent,found
R2319 T10012 T10010 prep with,Consistent
R2320 T10013 T10014 det a,defect
R2321 T10014 T10012 pobj defect,with
R2322 T10015 T10014 prep in,defect
R2323 T10016 T10017 amod mitochondrial,biogenesis
R2324 T10017 T10015 pobj biogenesis,in
R2325 T10018 T10011 punct ", ",found
R2326 T10019 T10011 nsubj we,found
R2327 T10020 T10021 det a,reduction
R2328 T10021 T10011 dobj reduction,found
R2329 T10022 T10021 prep in,reduction
R2330 T10023 T10024 det the,expression
R2331 T10024 T10022 pobj expression,in
R2332 T10025 T10024 prep of,expression
R2333 T10026 T10027 amod nuclear,genes
R2334 T10027 T10025 pobj genes,of
R2335 T10028 T10027 acl encoding,genes
R2336 T10029 T10028 dobj proteins,encoding
R2337 T10030 T10029 acl involved,proteins
R2338 T10031 T10030 prep in,involved
R2339 T10032 T10033 amod mitochondrial,transport
R2340 T10033 T10031 pobj transport,in
R2341 T10034 T10033 compound electron,transport
R2342 T10035 T10029 punct (,proteins
R2343 T10036 T10037 compound cytochrome,c
R2344 T10037 T10029 appos c,proteins
R2345 T10038 T10037 cc and,c
R2346 T10039 T10040 compound cytochrome,oxidase
R2347 T10040 T10037 conj oxidase,c
R2348 T10041 T10040 nummod IV,oxidase
R2349 T10042 T10029 punct ),proteins
R2350 T10043 T10029 cc and,proteins
R2351 T10044 T10045 amod oxidative,phosphorylation
R2352 T10045 T10029 conj phosphorylation,proteins
R2353 T10046 T10045 punct (,phosphorylation
R2354 T10047 T10048 compound beta,subunit
R2355 T10048 T10045 appos subunit,phosphorylation
R2356 T10049 T10048 prep of,subunit
R2357 T10050 T10051 compound ATP,synthase
R2358 T10051 T10049 pobj synthase,of
R2359 T10052 T10028 punct ),encoding
R2360 T10053 T10028 prep in,encoding
R2361 T10054 T10055 compound soleus,muscle
R2362 T10055 T10053 pobj muscle,in
R2363 T10056 T10055 prep of,muscle
R2364 T10057 T10058 nmod PGC,1α
R2365 T10058 T10060 nmod 1α,mice
R2366 T10059 T10058 punct -,1α
R2367 T10060 T10056 pobj mice,of
R2368 T10061 T10058 punct −,1α
R2369 T10062 T10058 punct /,1α
R2370 T10063 T10058 punct −,1α
R2371 T10064 T10011 prep compared,found
R2372 T10065 T10064 prep with,compared
R2373 T10066 T10067 nmod PGC,1α
R2374 T10067 T10069 nmod 1α,controls
R2375 T10068 T10067 punct -,1α
R2376 T10069 T10065 pobj controls,with
R2377 T10070 T10067 punct +,1α
R2378 T10071 T10067 punct /,1α
R2379 T10072 T10067 punct +,1α
R2380 T10073 T10011 punct .,found
R2381 T10075 T10076 prep In,diminished
R2382 T10077 T10075 pobj addition,In
R2383 T10078 T10076 punct ", ",diminished
R2384 T10079 T10080 det the,expression
R2385 T10080 T10076 nsubjpass expression,diminished
R2386 T10081 T10080 prep of,expression
R2387 T10082 T10081 pobj Tfam,of
R2388 T10083 T10082 punct ", ",Tfam
R2389 T10084 T10085 det a,target
R2390 T10085 T10082 appos target,Tfam
R2391 T10086 T10085 amod known,target
R2392 T10087 T10088 compound PGC,1α
R2393 T10088 T10085 compound 1α,target
R2394 T10089 T10088 punct -,1α
R2395 T10090 T10085 acl involved,target
R2396 T10091 T10090 prep in,involved
R2397 T10092 T10093 amod mitochondrial,transcription
R2398 T10093 T10091 pobj transcription,in
R2399 T10094 T10093 compound DNA,transcription
R2400 T10095 T10093 compound replication,transcription
R2401 T10096 T10093 punct /,transcription
R2402 T10097 T10076 punct ", ",diminished
R2403 T10098 T10076 auxpass was,diminished
R2404 T10099 T10076 prep in,diminished
R2405 T10100 T10101 nmod PGC,1α
R2406 T10101 T10103 nmod 1α,soleus
R2407 T10102 T10101 punct -,1α
R2408 T10103 T10099 pobj soleus,in
R2409 T10104 T10101 punct −,1α
R2410 T10105 T10101 punct /,1α
R2411 T10106 T10101 punct −,1α
R2412 T10107 T10076 punct ", ",diminished
R2413 T10108 T10076 advcl providing,diminished
R2414 T10109 T10110 nummod one,mechanism
R2415 T10110 T10108 dobj mechanism,providing
R2416 T10111 T10110 amod potential,mechanism
R2417 T10112 T10110 prep for,mechanism
R2418 T10113 T10114 amod defective,biogenesis
R2419 T10114 T10112 pobj biogenesis,for
R2420 T10115 T10114 amod mitochondrial,biogenesis
R2421 T10116 T10117 punct (,3C
R2422 T10117 T10076 parataxis 3C,diminished
R2423 T10118 T10117 compound Figure,3C
R2424 T10119 T10117 punct ),3C
R2425 T10120 T10076 punct .,diminished
R2426 T10122 T10123 prep In,noted
R2427 T10124 T10122 pobj contrast,In
R2428 T10125 T10124 prep to,contrast
R2429 T10126 T10127 det the,results
R2430 T10127 T10125 pobj results,to
R2431 T10128 T10127 prep with,results
R2432 T10129 T10128 pobj soleus,with
R2433 T10130 T10123 punct ", ",noted
R2434 T10131 T10132 det no,differences
R2435 T10132 T10123 nsubjpass differences,noted
R2436 T10133 T10132 amod significant,differences
R2437 T10134 T10132 prep in,differences
R2438 T10135 T10136 amod mitochondrial,ultrastructure
R2439 T10136 T10134 pobj ultrastructure,in
R2440 T10137 T10136 cc or,ultrastructure
R2441 T10138 T10139 compound volume,density
R2442 T10139 T10136 conj density,ultrastructure
R2443 T10140 T10123 auxpass were,noted
R2444 T10141 T10123 prep in,noted
R2445 T10142 T10141 pobj heart,in
R2446 T10143 T10142 cc or,heart
R2447 T10144 T10142 conj BAT,heart
R2448 T10145 T10142 prep of,heart
R2449 T10146 T10147 nmod PGC,1α
R2450 T10147 T10149 nmod 1α,mice
R2451 T10148 T10147 punct -,1α
R2452 T10149 T10145 pobj mice,of
R2453 T10150 T10147 punct −,1α
R2454 T10151 T10147 punct /,1α
R2455 T10152 T10147 punct −,1α
R2456 T10153 T10154 punct (,data
R2457 T10154 T10123 meta data,noted
R2458 T10155 T10154 amod unpublished,data
R2459 T10156 T10154 punct ),data
R2460 T10157 T10123 punct .,noted
R2461 T10159 T10160 aux To,determine
R2462 T10160 T10161 advcl determine,measured
R2463 T10162 T10163 mark whether,altered
R2464 T10163 T10160 ccomp altered,determine
R2465 T10164 T10165 amod mitochondrial,function
R2466 T10165 T10163 nsubjpass function,altered
R2467 T10166 T10163 auxpass was,altered
R2468 T10167 T10163 prep in,altered
R2469 T10168 T10169 det the,muscle
R2470 T10169 T10167 pobj muscle,in
R2471 T10170 T10169 amod skeletal,muscle
R2472 T10171 T10169 prep of,muscle
R2473 T10172 T10173 nmod PGC,1α
R2474 T10173 T10175 nmod 1α,mice
R2475 T10174 T10173 punct -,1α
R2476 T10175 T10171 pobj mice,of
R2477 T10176 T10173 punct −,1α
R2478 T10177 T10173 punct /,1α
R2479 T10178 T10173 punct −,1α
R2480 T10179 T10161 punct ", ",measured
R2481 T10180 T10181 amod mitochondrial,rates
R2482 T10181 T10161 nsubjpass rates,measured
R2483 T10182 T10181 compound respiration,rates
R2484 T10183 T10161 auxpass were,measured
R2485 T10184 T10161 advcl using,measured
R2486 T10185 T10186 compound tissue,strips
R2487 T10186 T10184 dobj strips,using
R2488 T10187 T10186 acl prepared,strips
R2489 T10188 T10187 prep from,prepared
R2490 T10189 T10190 compound soleus,muscle
R2491 T10190 T10188 pobj muscle,from
R2492 T10262 T10261 pobj respiration,of
R2493 T10191 T10161 punct .,measured
R2494 T10263 T10260 prep to,coupling
R2495 T10193 T10194 prep In,detected
R2496 T10264 T10265 compound ATP,production
R2497 T10265 T10263 pobj production,to
R2498 T10266 T10258 auxpass was,altered
R2499 T10195 T10193 pobj soleus,In
R2500 T10267 T10258 neg not,altered
R2501 T10196 T10195 prep of,soleus
R2502 T10268 T10258 advmod significantly,altered
R2503 T10269 T10258 prep in,altered
R2504 T10270 T10271 nmod PGC,1α
R2505 T10197 T10198 nmod PGC,1α
R2506 T10271 T10273 nmod 1α,mice
R2507 T10272 T10271 punct -,1α
R2508 T10198 T10200 nmod 1α,mice
R2509 T10273 T10269 pobj mice,in
R2510 T10274 T10271 punct −,1α
R2511 T10199 T10198 punct -,1α
R2512 T10275 T10271 punct /,1α
R2513 T10276 T10271 punct −,1α
R2514 T10200 T10196 pobj mice,of
R2515 T10277 T10242 punct .,were
R2516 T10279 T10280 det These,results
R2517 T10201 T10198 punct −,1α
R2518 T10280 T10281 nsubj results,are
R2519 T10202 T10198 punct /,1α
R2520 T10282 T10281 acomp consistent,are
R2521 T10283 T10282 prep with,consistent
R2522 T10203 T10198 punct −,1α
R2523 T10284 T10285 det the,reduction
R2524 T10285 T10283 pobj reduction,with
R2525 T10286 T10285 amod modest,reduction
R2526 T10204 T10194 punct ", ",detected
R2527 T10287 T10286 cc but,modest
R2528 T10288 T10286 conj significant,modest
R2529 T10289 T10285 prep in,reduction
R2530 T10205 T10206 det a,defect
R2531 T10290 T10291 amod mitochondrial,density
R2532 T10291 T10289 pobj density,in
R2533 T10292 T10291 compound volume,density
R2534 T10293 T10281 punct .,are
R2535 T10206 T10194 nsubjpass defect,detected
R2536 T10207 T10206 amod significant,defect
R2537 T10208 T10206 prep in,defect
R2538 T10209 T10210 nmod state,respiration
R2539 T10210 T10208 pobj respiration,in
R2540 T10211 T10209 nummod 3,state
R2541 T10212 T10213 punct (,stimulated
R2542 T10213 T10209 parataxis stimulated,state
R2543 T10214 T10213 npadvmod ADP,stimulated
R2544 T10215 T10213 punct -,stimulated
R2545 T10216 T10213 punct ),stimulated
R2546 T10217 T10210 punct ", ",respiration
R2547 T10218 T10210 cc but,respiration
R2548 T10219 T10218 neg not,but
R2549 T10220 T10210 conj state,respiration
R2550 T10221 T10220 nummod 2,state
R2551 T10222 T10223 punct (,basal
R2552 T10223 T10220 parataxis basal,state
R2553 T10224 T10223 punct ),basal
R2554 T10225 T10194 punct ", ",detected
R2555 T10226 T10194 auxpass was,detected
R2556 T10227 T10194 advcl using,detected
R2557 T10228 T10227 dobj succinate,using
R2558 T10229 T10227 prep as,using
R2559 T10230 T10231 det the,substrate
R2560 T10231 T10229 pobj substrate,as
R2561 T10232 T10233 punct (,3D
R2562 T10233 T10194 parataxis 3D,detected
R2563 T10234 T10233 compound Figure,3D
R2564 T10235 T10233 punct ),3D
R2565 T10236 T10194 punct .,detected
R2566 T10238 T10239 nmod State,rates
R2567 T10239 T10242 nsubj rates,were
R2568 T10240 T10238 nummod 4,State
R2569 T10241 T10239 compound respiration,rates
R2570 T10243 T10239 punct (,rates
R2571 T10244 T10239 prep in,rates
R2572 T10245 T10246 det the,presence
R2573 T10246 T10244 pobj presence,in
R2574 T10247 T10246 prep of,presence
R2575 T10248 T10247 pobj oligomycin,of
R2576 T10249 T10242 punct ),were
R2577 T10250 T10242 advmod also,were
R2578 T10251 T10242 acomp similar,were
R2579 T10252 T10242 prep between,were
R2580 T10253 T10254 det the,genotypes
R2581 T10254 T10252 pobj genotypes,between
R2582 T10255 T10242 punct ", ",were
R2583 T10256 T10242 advcl indicating,were
R2584 T10257 T10258 mark that,altered
R2585 T10258 T10256 ccomp altered,indicating
R2586 T10259 T10260 det the,coupling
R2587 T10260 T10258 nsubjpass coupling,altered
R2588 T10261 T10260 prep of,coupling
R2589 T12484 T12485 amod Altered,Function
R2590 T12486 T12487 amod Skeletal,Muscle
R2591 T12487 T12485 compound Muscle,Function
R2592 T12488 T12485 prep in,Function
R2593 T12489 T12490 nmod PGC,1α
R2594 T12490 T12492 nmod 1α,Mice
R2595 T12491 T12490 punct -,1α
R2596 T12492 T12488 pobj Mice,in
R2597 T12493 T12490 punct −,1α
R2598 T12494 T12490 punct /,1α
R2599 T12495 T12490 punct −,1α
R2600 T12497 T12498 det The,abnormality
R2601 T12498 T12499 nsubj abnormality,led
R2602 T12500 T12498 prep in,abnormality
R2603 T12501 T12502 amod mitochondrial,number
R2604 T12502 T12500 pobj number,in
R2605 T12503 T12502 cc and,number
R2606 T12504 T12505 amod respiratory,function
R2607 T12505 T12502 conj function,number
R2608 T12506 T12498 prep in,abnormality
R2609 T12507 T12508 amod skeletal,muscle
R2610 T12508 T12506 pobj muscle,in
R2611 T12509 T12499 dobj us,led
R2612 T12510 T12511 aux to,evaluate
R2613 T12511 T12499 xcomp evaluate,led
R2614 T12512 T12511 advmod further,evaluate
R2615 T12513 T12514 det the,phenotype
R2616 T12514 T12511 dobj phenotype,evaluate
R2617 T12515 T12516 amod skeletal,muscle
R2618 T12516 T12514 compound muscle,phenotype
R2619 T12517 T12499 punct .,led
R2620 T12519 T12520 prep As,measured
R2621 T12521 T12522 det an,step
R2622 T12522 T12519 pobj step,As
R2623 T12523 T12522 amod initial,step
R2624 T12524 T12520 punct ", ",measured
R2625 T12525 T12520 nsubj we,measured
R2626 T12526 T12527 compound locomotor,levels
R2627 T12527 T12520 dobj levels,measured
R2628 T12528 T12527 compound activity,levels
R2629 T12529 T12520 prep over,measured
R2630 T12530 T12531 det a,period
R2631 T12531 T12529 pobj period,over
R2632 T12532 T12533 nummod 1,h
R2633 T12533 T12531 compound h,period
R2634 T12534 T12533 punct -,h
R2635 T12535 T12520 advcl using,measured
R2636 T12536 T12537 det a,system
R2637 T12537 T12535 dobj system,using
R2638 T12538 T12539 amod high,resolution
R2639 T12539 T12537 compound resolution,system
R2640 T12540 T12539 punct -,resolution
R2641 T12541 T12537 compound photobeam,system
R2642 T12542 T12520 punct .,measured
R2643 T12544 T12545 nmod PGC,1α
R2644 T12545 T12547 nmod 1α,mice
R2645 T12546 T12545 punct -,1α
R2646 T12547 T12552 nsubj mice,exhibited
R2647 T12548 T12545 punct −,1α
R2648 T12549 T12545 punct /,1α
R2649 T12550 T12545 punct −,1α
R2650 T12551 T12547 amod male,mice
R2651 T12553 T12554 det a,number
R2652 T12554 T12552 dobj number,exhibited
R2653 T12555 T12556 advmod significantly,lower
R2654 T12556 T12554 amod lower,number
R2655 T12557 T12554 amod mean,number
R2656 T12558 T12554 prep of,number
R2657 T12559 T12558 pobj ambulations,of
R2658 T12560 T12559 cc and,ambulations
R2659 T12561 T12559 conj rearings,ambulations
R2660 T12562 T12552 prep during,exhibited
R2661 T12563 T12564 det the,hour
R2662 T12564 T12562 pobj hour,during
R2663 T12565 T12552 prep compared,exhibited
R2664 T12566 T12565 prep to,compared
R2665 T12567 T12568 det the,controls
R2666 T12568 T12566 pobj controls,to
R2667 T12569 T12570 nmod PGC,1α
R2668 T12570 T12568 nmod 1α,controls
R2669 T12571 T12570 punct -,1α
R2670 T12572 T12570 punct +,1α
R2671 T12573 T12570 punct /,1α
R2672 T12574 T12570 punct +,1α
R2673 T12575 T12576 npadvmod age,matched
R2674 T12576 T12568 amod matched,controls
R2675 T12577 T12576 punct -,matched
R2676 T12578 T12579 punct (,Figure
R2677 T12579 T12552 parataxis Figure,exhibited
R2678 T12580 T12579 nummod 4,Figure
R2679 T12581 T12579 punct ),Figure
R2680 T12582 T12552 punct .,exhibited
R2681 T12584 T12585 advmod However,showed
R2682 T12586 T12585 punct ", ",showed
R2683 T12587 T12588 det an,analysis
R2684 T12588 T12585 nsubj analysis,showed
R2685 T12589 T12588 prep of,analysis
R2686 T12590 T12591 amod exploratory,behavior
R2687 T12591 T12589 pobj behavior,of
R2688 T12592 T12593 mark that,were
R2689 T12593 T12585 ccomp were,showed
R2690 T12594 T12595 det the,mice
R2691 T12595 T12593 nsubj mice,were
R2692 T12596 T12597 nmod PGC,1α
R2693 T12597 T12595 nmod 1α,mice
R2694 T12598 T12597 punct -,1α
R2695 T12599 T12597 punct −,1α
R2696 T12600 T12597 punct /,1α
R2697 T12601 T12597 punct −,1α
R2698 T12602 T12593 acomp reluctant,were
R2699 T12603 T12604 aux to,go
R2700 T12604 T12602 xcomp go,reluctant
R2701 T12605 T12604 prep into,go
R2702 T12606 T12607 det the,center
R2703 T12607 T12605 pobj center,into
R2704 T12608 T12607 prep of,center
R2705 T12609 T12610 det the,field
R2706 T12610 T12608 pobj field,of
R2707 T12611 T12610 punct “,field
R2708 T12612 T12593 punct ”,were
R2709 T12613 T12593 prep compared,were
R2710 T12614 T12613 prep to,compared
R2711 T12615 T12614 pobj controls,to
R2712 T12616 T12585 punct .,showed
R2713 T12618 T12619 advmod Specifically,field
R2714 T12620 T12619 punct ", ",field
R2715 T12621 T12622 nmod PGC,1α
R2716 T12622 T12624 nmod 1α,mice
R2717 T12623 T12622 punct -,1α
R2718 T12624 T12619 nsubj mice,field
R2719 T12625 T12622 punct −,1α
R2720 T12626 T12622 punct /,1α
R2721 T12627 T12622 punct −,1α
R2722 T12628 T12619 acl made,field
R2723 T12629 T12630 advmod significantly,fewer
R2724 T12630 T12631 amod fewer,entries
R2725 T12631 T12628 dobj entries,made
R2726 T12632 T12631 prep into,entries
R2727 T12633 T12619 punct ", ",field
R2728 T12634 T12619 acl spent,field
R2729 T12635 T12636 advmod significantly,less
R2730 T12636 T12637 amod less,time
R2731 T12637 T12634 dobj time,spent
R2732 T12638 T12634 prep in,spent
R2733 T12639 T12619 punct ", ",field
R2734 T12640 T12619 cc and,field
R2735 T12641 T12619 acl traveled,field
R2736 T12642 T12643 det a,distance
R2737 T12643 T12641 dobj distance,traveled
R2738 T12644 T12645 advmod significantly,shorter
R2739 T12645 T12643 amod shorter,distance
R2740 T12646 T12643 prep in,distance
R2741 T12647 T12648 det the,area
R2742 T12648 T12646 pobj area,in
R2743 T12649 T12648 amod central,area
R2744 T12650 T12648 prep of,area
R2745 T12651 T12619 det the,field
R2746 T12652 T12619 punct “,field
R2747 T12653 T12619 punct ",",field
R2748 T12654 T12619 punct ”,field
R2749 T12655 T12656 mark although,was
R2750 T12656 T12619 advcl was,field
R2751 T12657 T12656 nsubj differences,was
R2752 T12658 T12657 prep in,differences
R2753 T12659 T12658 pobj distance,in
R2754 T12660 T12659 acl traveled,distance
R2755 T12661 T12660 prep in,traveled
R2756 T12662 T12663 det the,zone
R2757 T12663 T12661 pobj zone,in
R2758 T12664 T12663 amod peripheral,zone
R2759 T12665 T12663 prep of,zone
R2760 T12666 T12667 det the,field
R2761 T12667 T12665 pobj field,of
R2762 T12668 T12667 punct “,field
R2763 T12669 T12656 punct ”,was
R2764 T12670 T12656 neg not,was
R2765 T12671 T12672 advmod significantly,different
R2766 T12672 T12656 acomp different,was
R2767 T12673 T12656 prep between,was
R2768 T12674 T12673 pobj groups,between
R2769 T12675 T12676 punct (,S2
R2770 T12676 T12656 parataxis S2,was
R2771 T12677 T12676 compound Figure,S2
R2772 T12678 T12676 punct ),S2
R2773 T12679 T12619 punct .,field
R2774 T12681 T12682 det These,data
R2775 T12682 T12683 nsubj data,suggest
R2776 T12684 T12685 mark that,affected
R2777 T12685 T12683 ccomp affected,suggest
R2778 T12686 T12687 det the,level
R2779 T12687 T12685 nsubjpass level,affected
R2780 T12688 T12687 amod general,level
R2781 T12689 T12687 compound activity,level
R2782 T12690 T12685 aux may,affected
R2783 T12691 T12685 aux have,affected
R2784 T12692 T12685 auxpass been,affected
R2785 T12693 T12685 agent by,affected
R2786 T12694 T12695 det the,reluctance
R2787 T12695 T12693 pobj reluctance,by
R2788 T12765 T12764 punct -,1α
R2789 T12696 T12695 prep of,reluctance
R2790 T12697 T12698 det the,mice
R2791 T12698 T12696 pobj mice,of
R2792 T12766 T12762 pobj mice,between
R2793 T12699 T12700 nmod PGC,1α
R2794 T12767 T12764 punct −,1α
R2795 T12768 T12764 punct /,1α
R2796 T12769 T12764 punct −,1α
R2797 T12770 T12766 cc and,mice
R2798 T12771 T12772 nmod PGC,1α
R2799 T12772 T12774 nmod 1α,controls
R2800 T12700 T12698 nmod 1α,mice
R2801 T12773 T12772 punct -,1α
R2802 T12774 T12766 conj controls,mice
R2803 T12701 T12700 punct -,1α
R2804 T12775 T12772 punct +,1α
R2805 T12776 T12772 punct /,1α
R2806 T12777 T12772 punct +,1α
R2807 T12702 T12700 punct −,1α
R2808 T12778 T12760 prep on,found
R2809 T12779 T12780 det the,tests
R2810 T12703 T12700 punct /,1α
R2811 T12780 T12778 pobj tests,on
R2812 T12781 T12780 nmod ledge,tests
R2813 T12782 T12781 punct ", ",ledge
R2814 T12704 T12700 punct −,1α
R2815 T12783 T12781 conj platform,ledge
R2816 T12784 T12783 punct ", ",platform
R2817 T12785 T12786 compound walking,initiation
R2818 T12705 T12706 aux to,go
R2819 T12786 T12783 conj initiation,platform
R2820 T12787 T12786 punct ", ",initiation
R2821 T12788 T12786 cc and,initiation
R2822 T12706 T12695 acl go,reluctance
R2823 T12789 T12790 nummod 60,°
R2824 T12790 T12791 nmod °,screen
R2825 T12791 T12786 conj screen,initiation
R2826 T12707 T12706 prep into,go
R2827 T12792 T12790 cc and,°
R2828 T12793 T12794 nummod 90,°
R2829 T12794 T12790 conj °,°
R2830 T12708 T12709 det the,area
R2831 T12795 T12791 amod inclined,screen
R2832 T12796 T12797 punct (,data
R2833 T12709 T12707 pobj area,into
R2834 T12797 T12760 meta data,found
R2835 T12798 T12797 amod unpublished,data
R2836 T12799 T12797 punct ),data
R2837 T12710 T12709 amod central,area
R2838 T12800 T12760 punct ", ",found
R2839 T12801 T12760 advcl suggesting,found
R2840 T12802 T12803 mark that,were
R2841 T12711 T12709 prep of,area
R2842 T12803 T12801 ccomp were,suggesting
R2843 T12804 T12805 amod several,functions
R2844 T12805 T12803 nsubj functions,were
R2845 T12712 T12713 det the,field
R2846 T12806 T12805 compound sensorimotor,functions
R2847 T12807 T12803 acomp intact,were
R2848 T12808 T12803 prep in,were
R2849 T12809 T12810 det the,mice
R2850 T12810 T12808 pobj mice,in
R2851 T12811 T12812 nmod PGC,1α
R2852 T12713 T12711 pobj field,of
R2853 T12812 T12810 nmod 1α,mice
R2854 T12813 T12812 punct -,1α
R2855 T12814 T12812 punct −,1α
R2856 T12815 T12812 punct /,1α
R2857 T12714 T12706 cc and,go
R2858 T12816 T12812 punct −,1α
R2859 T12817 T12760 punct .,found
R2860 T12715 T12716 advmod thus,remain
R2861 T12819 T12820 advmod However,were
R2862 T12716 T12706 conj remain,go
R2863 T12821 T12820 punct ", ",were
R2864 T12822 T12823 det the,mice
R2865 T12823 T12820 nsubj mice,were
R2866 T12717 T12716 prep in,remain
R2867 T12824 T12825 nmod PGC,1α
R2868 T12825 T12823 nmod 1α,mice
R2869 T12826 T12825 punct -,1α
R2870 T12718 T12719 det the,periphery
R2871 T12827 T12825 punct −,1α
R2872 T12828 T12825 punct /,1α
R2873 T12829 T12825 punct −,1α
R2874 T12719 T12717 pobj periphery,in
R2875 T12830 T12820 acomp unable,were
R2876 T12831 T12832 aux to,remain
R2877 T12720 T12695 punct (,reluctance
R2878 T12832 T12830 xcomp remain,unable
R2879 T12833 T12832 prep on,remain
R2880 T12834 T12835 det an,screen
R2881 T12721 T12695 appos thigmotaxis,reluctance
R2882 T12835 T12833 pobj screen,on
R2883 T12836 T12835 amod inverted,screen
R2884 T12722 T12695 punct ),reluctance
R2885 T12837 T12832 prep for,remain
R2886 T12838 T12839 advmod as,long
R2887 T12839 T12837 pcomp long,for
R2888 T12723 T12695 punct ", ",reluctance
R2889 T12840 T12839 prep as,long
R2890 T12841 T12842 det the,controls
R2891 T12724 T12725 advmod possibly,reflecting
R2892 T12725 T12695 acl reflecting,reluctance
R2893 T12842 T12840 pobj controls,as
R2894 T12726 T12727 amod altered,emotionality
R2895 T12843 T12844 nmod PGC,1α
R2896 T12844 T12842 nmod 1α,controls
R2897 T12727 T12725 dobj emotionality,reflecting
R2898 T12845 T12844 punct -,1α
R2899 T12846 T12844 punct +,1α
R2900 T12847 T12844 punct /,1α
R2901 T12848 T12844 punct +,1α
R2902 T12728 T12729 amod such,as
R2903 T12849 T12850 punct (,4A
R2904 T12850 T12820 parataxis 4A,were
R2905 T12851 T12850 compound Figure,4A
R2906 T12729 T12727 prep as,emotionality
R2907 T12852 T12850 punct ),4A
R2908 T12853 T12820 punct .,were
R2909 T12730 T12731 amod increased,fear
R2910 T12855 T12856 mark Since,differ
R2911 T12731 T12729 pobj fear,as
R2912 T12856 T12861 advcl differ,suggest
R2913 T12857 T12858 det the,groups
R2914 T12732 T12683 punct .,suggest
R2915 T12858 T12856 nsubj groups,differ
R2916 T12859 T12856 aux did,differ
R2917 T12860 T12856 neg not,differ
R2918 T12734 T12735 det A,battery
R2919 T12862 T12856 prep on,differ
R2920 T12863 T12864 det the,times
R2921 T12864 T12862 pobj times,on
R2922 T12735 T12736 nsubjpass battery,performed
R2923 T12865 T12866 nsubj it,took
R2924 T12866 T12864 advcl took,times
R2925 T12867 T12868 aux to,turn
R2926 T12737 T12735 prep of,battery
R2927 T12868 T12866 xcomp turn,took
R2928 T12869 T12868 advmod around,turn
R2929 T12738 T12737 pobj tests,of
R2930 T12739 T12736 auxpass was,performed
R2931 T12740 T12741 aux to,evaluate
R2932 T12870 T12868 cc and,turn
R2933 T12741 T12736 advcl evaluate,performed
R2934 T12871 T12868 conj climb,turn
R2935 T12872 T12871 prep to,climb
R2936 T12742 T12741 advmod further,evaluate
R2937 T12873 T12874 det the,top
R2938 T12874 T12872 pobj top,to
R2939 T12875 T12874 prep of,top
R2940 T12743 T12744 det the,phenotype
R2941 T12876 T12877 nummod 60,°
R2942 T12877 T12878 nmod °,screens
R2943 T12744 T12741 dobj phenotype,evaluate
R2944 T12878 T12875 pobj screens,of
R2945 T12879 T12877 cc and,°
R2946 T12880 T12881 nummod 90,°
R2947 T12745 T12744 amod general,phenotype
R2948 T12881 T12877 conj °,°
R2949 T12882 T12878 amod inclined,screens
R2950 T12883 T12861 punct ", ",suggest
R2951 T12746 T12744 compound sensorimotor,phenotype
R2952 T12884 T12885 det the,differences
R2953 T12885 T12861 nsubj differences,suggest
R2954 T12886 T12885 prep on,differences
R2955 T12887 T12888 det the,test
R2956 T12888 T12886 pobj test,on
R2957 T12889 T12888 amod inverted,test
R2958 T12747 T12744 prep of,phenotype
R2959 T12890 T12888 compound screen,test
R2960 T12891 T12892 mark that,were
R2961 T12748 T12749 det the,mice
R2962 T12892 T12861 ccomp were,suggest
R2963 T12893 T12894 amod impaired,strength
R2964 T12894 T12892 nsubj strength,were
R2965 T12749 T12747 pobj mice,of
R2966 T12895 T12896 advmod rather,than
R2967 T12896 T12894 cc than,strength
R2968 T12897 T12894 conj deficits,strength
R2969 T12750 T12751 nmod PGC,1α
R2970 T12898 T12897 prep in,deficits
R2971 T12899 T12898 pobj coordination,in
R2972 T12900 T12892 acomp responsible,were
R2973 T12751 T12749 nmod 1α,mice
R2974 T12901 T12900 prep for,responsible
R2975 T12902 T12903 det these,differences
R2976 T12903 T12901 pobj differences,for
R2977 T12752 T12751 punct -,1α
R2978 T12904 T12861 punct .,suggest
R2979 T12906 T12907 aux To,evaluate
R2980 T12753 T12751 punct −,1α
R2981 T12907 T12909 advcl evaluate,assessed
R2982 T12908 T12907 advmod further,evaluate
R2983 T12754 T12751 punct /,1α
R2984 T12910 T12911 det the,phenotype
R2985 T12911 T12907 dobj phenotype,evaluate
R2986 T12755 T12751 punct −,1α
R2987 T12912 T12913 amod skeletal,muscle
R2988 T12913 T12911 compound muscle,phenotype
R2989 T12914 T12909 punct ", ",assessed
R2990 T12756 T12736 punct .,performed
R2991 T12915 T12916 compound exercise,capacity
R2992 T12916 T12909 nsubjpass capacity,assessed
R2993 T12917 T12909 auxpass was,assessed
R2994 T12758 T12759 det No,differences
R2995 T12918 T12909 prep in,assessed
R2996 T12919 T12920 det the,mice
R2997 T12920 T12918 pobj mice,in
R2998 T12759 T12760 nsubjpass differences,found
R2999 T12921 T12922 nmod PGC,1α
R3000 T12922 T12920 nmod 1α,mice
R3001 T12923 T12922 punct -,1α
R3002 T12761 T12760 auxpass were,found
R3003 T12924 T12922 punct −,1α
R3004 T12925 T12922 punct /,1α
R3005 T12926 T12922 punct −,1α
R3006 T12927 T12909 punct .,assessed
R3007 T12929 T12930 prep To,exercised
R3008 T12762 T12760 prep between,found
R3009 T12931 T12932 det this,end
R3010 T12932 T12929 pobj end,To
R3011 T12933 T12930 punct ", ",exercised
R3012 T12763 T12764 nmod PGC,1α
R3013 T12934 T12935 det the,mice
R3014 T12764 T12766 nmod 1α,mice
R3015 T12976 T12977 advmod markedly,reduced
R3016 T12935 T12930 nsubjpass mice,exercised
R3017 T12936 T12937 nmod PGC,1α
R3018 T12937 T12935 nmod 1α,mice
R3019 T12938 T12937 punct -,1α
R3020 T12939 T12937 punct −,1α
R3021 T12940 T12937 punct /,1α
R3022 T12977 T12975 amod reduced,capacity
R3023 T12978 T12979 aux to,sustain
R3024 T12979 T12975 acl sustain,capacity
R3025 T12941 T12937 punct −,1α
R3026 T12942 T12930 auxpass were,exercised
R3027 T12980 T12981 compound running,exercise
R3028 T12943 T12930 prep on,exercised
R3029 T12944 T12945 det a,apparatus
R3030 T12981 T12979 dobj exercise,sustain
R3031 T12945 T12943 pobj apparatus,on
R3032 T12946 T12945 amod motorized,apparatus
R3033 T12947 T12945 compound treadmill,apparatus
R3034 T12982 T12983 punct (,4B
R3035 T12948 T12930 advcl using,exercised
R3036 T12949 T12950 det a,format
R3037 T12950 T12948 dobj format,using
R3038 T12983 T12965 parataxis 4B,exhibited
R3039 T12951 T12950 nmod run,format
R3040 T12952 T12951 punct -,run
R3041 T12953 T12951 prep to,run
R3042 T12984 T12985 nmod PGC,1α
R3043 T12954 T12953 punct -,to
R3044 T12955 T12953 pobj exhaustion,to
R3045 T12956 T12930 punct .,exercised
R3046 T12985 T12987 nmod 1α,mice
R3047 T12958 T12959 nmod PGC,1α
R3048 T12986 T12985 punct -,1α
R3049 T12959 T12961 nmod 1α,mice
R3050 T12960 T12959 punct -,1α
R3051 T12987 T12991 dep mice,s
R3052 T12961 T12965 nsubj mice,exhibited
R3053 T12962 T12959 punct −,1α
R3054 T12963 T12959 punct /,1α
R3055 T12964 T12959 punct −,1α
R3056 T12966 T12961 punct (,mice
R3057 T12967 T12968 quantmod 6,8
R3058 T12988 T12985 punct −,1α
R3059 T12968 T12970 nummod 8,mo
R3060 T12969 T12968 punct –,8
R3061 T12970 T12961 npadvmod mo,mice
R3062 T12989 T12985 punct /,1α
R3063 T12971 T12970 prep of,mo
R3064 T12972 T12971 pobj age,of
R3065 T12973 T12961 punct ),mice
R3066 T12990 T12985 punct −,1α
R3067 T12974 T12975 det a,capacity
R3068 T12975 T12965 dobj capacity,exhibited
R3069 T12991 T12983 dep s,4B
R3070 T12992 T12991 punct ", ",s
R3071 T12993 T12994 quantmod 64,6
R3072 T12994 T12991 nummod 6,s
R3073 T13081 T13047 punct .,measured
R3074 T12995 T12994 punct ±,6
R3075 T13083 T13084 nsubj VO2max,was
R3076 T12996 T12983 punct ;,4B
R3077 T13085 T13086 advmod significantly,lower
R3078 T13086 T13084 acomp lower,was
R3079 T12997 T12998 npadvmod age,matched
R3080 T13087 T13084 prep for,was
R3081 T13088 T13089 det the,mice
R3082 T13089 T13087 pobj mice,for
R3083 T12998 T13000 amod matched,mice
R3084 T13090 T13091 nmod PGC,1α
R3085 T13091 T13089 nmod 1α,mice
R3086 T13092 T13091 punct -,1α
R3087 T12999 T12998 punct -,matched
R3088 T13093 T13091 punct −,1α
R3089 T13000 T13007 dep mice,s
R3090 T13001 T13002 nmod PGC,1α
R3091 T13002 T13000 nmod 1α,mice
R3092 T13094 T13091 punct /,1α
R3093 T13003 T13002 punct -,1α
R3094 T13095 T13091 punct −,1α
R3095 T13096 T13097 punct (,O2
R3096 T13004 T13002 punct +,1α
R3097 T13097 T13089 parataxis O2,mice
R3098 T13098 T13099 quantmod 120.9,2.0
R3099 T13005 T13002 punct /,1α
R3100 T13099 T13101 nummod 2.0,ml
R3101 T13100 T13099 punct ±,2.0
R3102 T13101 T13097 compound ml,O2
R3103 T13102 T13097 punct ·,O2
R3104 T13006 T13002 punct +,1α
R3105 T13103 T13097 appos kg,O2
R3106 T13104 T13105 punct −,1
R3107 T13007 T12983 dep s,4B
R3108 T13105 T13103 nummod 1,kg
R3109 T13106 T13097 punct ·,O2
R3110 T13008 T13007 punct ", ",s
R3111 T13107 T13097 appos min,O2
R3112 T13108 T13109 punct −,1
R3113 T13009 T13010 quantmod 586,104
R3114 T13109 T13107 nummod 1,min
R3115 T13110 T13084 punct ),was
R3116 T13111 T13084 prep compared,was
R3117 T13010 T13007 nummod 104,s
R3118 T13112 T13111 prep to,compared
R3119 T13113 T13114 nmod PGC,1α
R3120 T13011 T13010 punct ±,104
R3121 T13114 T13116 nmod 1α,controls
R3122 T13115 T13114 punct -,1α
R3123 T13012 T12983 punct ;,4B
R3124 T13116 T13112 pobj controls,to
R3125 T13117 T13114 punct +,1α
R3126 T13118 T13114 punct /,1α
R3127 T13013 T12983 compound Figure,4B
R3128 T13119 T13114 punct +,1α
R3129 T13120 T13121 punct (,O2
R3130 T13121 T13116 parataxis O2,controls
R3131 T13014 T12983 punct ),4B
R3132 T13122 T13123 quantmod 141.6,2.1
R3133 T13123 T13125 nummod 2.1,ml
R3134 T13124 T13123 punct ±,2.1
R3135 T13015 T12965 punct .,exhibited
R3136 T13125 T13121 compound ml,O2
R3137 T13126 T13121 punct ·,O2
R3138 T13127 T13121 appos kg,O2
R3139 T13017 T13018 det The,result
R3140 T13128 T13129 punct −,1
R3141 T13129 T13127 nummod 1,kg
R3142 T13130 T13121 punct ·,O2
R3143 T13131 T13121 appos min,O2
R3144 T13018 T13020 nsubjpass result,obtained
R3145 T13132 T13133 punct −,1
R3146 T13133 T13131 nummod 1,min
R3147 T13134 T13121 punct ),O2
R3148 T13019 T13018 amod same,result
R3149 T13135 T13136 punct (,4B
R3150 T13136 T13084 parataxis 4B,was
R3151 T13137 T13136 compound Figure,4B
R3152 T13021 T13020 auxpass was,obtained
R3153 T13138 T13136 punct ),4B
R3154 T13139 T13084 punct .,was
R3155 T13141 T13142 aux To,evaluate
R3156 T13022 T13020 prep with,obtained
R3157 T13142 T13144 advcl evaluate,determined
R3158 T13143 T13142 advmod directly,evaluate
R3159 T13145 T13146 compound muscle,fatigability
R3160 T13146 T13142 dobj fatigability,evaluate
R3161 T13147 T13144 punct ", ",determined
R3162 T13023 T13024 amod younger,mice
R3163 T13148 T13149 det the,response
R3164 T13149 T13144 nsubjpass response,determined
R3165 T13024 T13022 pobj mice,with
R3166 T13150 T13149 compound force,response
R3167 T13151 T13149 prep to,response
R3168 T13152 T13153 amod repetitive,stimulation
R3169 T13025 T13026 nmod PGC,1α
R3170 T13153 T13151 pobj stimulation,to
R3171 T13154 T13153 prep of,stimulation
R3172 T13155 T13156 amod isolated,muscle
R3173 T13026 T13024 nmod 1α,mice
R3174 T13156 T13154 pobj muscle,of
R3175 T13157 T13156 compound soleus,muscle
R3176 T13158 T13144 auxpass was,determined
R3177 T13027 T13026 punct -,1α
R3178 T13159 T13144 punct .,determined
R3179 T13161 T13162 det The,capacity
R3180 T13028 T13026 punct −,1α
R3181 T13162 T13163 nsubj capacity,is
R3182 T13164 T13165 aux to,generate
R3183 T13029 T13026 punct /,1α
R3184 T13165 T13162 acl generate,capacity
R3185 T13166 T13165 dobj force,generate
R3186 T13167 T13165 prep following,generate
R3187 T13030 T13026 punct −,1α
R3188 T13168 T13169 det a,series
R3189 T13169 T13167 pobj series,following
R3190 T13170 T13169 prep of,series
R3191 T13031 T13024 punct ", ",mice
R3192 T13171 T13170 pobj tetani,of
R3193 T13172 T13163 acomp dependent,is
R3194 T13173 T13172 prep upon,dependent
R3195 T13032 T13033 advmod i.e.,at
R3196 T13174 T13175 amod mitochondrial,production
R3197 T13175 T13173 pobj production,upon
R3198 T13176 T13175 compound ATP,production
R3199 T13033 T13024 prep at,mice
R3200 T13177 T13163 punct .,is
R3201 T13034 T13033 punct ", ",at
R3202 T13179 T13180 prep During,was
R3203 T13181 T13182 det the,phase
R3204 T13035 T13036 nummod 3.5,mo
R3205 T13182 T13179 pobj phase,During
R3206 T13183 T13182 amod initial,phase
R3207 T13184 T13182 prep of,phase
R3208 T13036 T13033 pobj mo,at
R3209 T13185 T13186 det the,period
R3210 T13186 T13184 pobj period,of
R3211 T13037 T13036 prep of,mo
R3212 T13038 T13037 pobj age,of
R3213 T13187 T13186 compound stimulation,period
R3214 T13188 T13180 punct ", ",was
R3215 T13039 T13040 punct (,data
R3216 T13189 T13180 expl there,was
R3217 T13190 T13191 det no,difference
R3218 T13191 T13180 attr difference,was
R3219 T13040 T13020 meta data,obtained
R3220 T13041 T13040 amod unpublished,data
R3221 T13192 T13191 prep in,difference
R3222 T13042 T13040 punct ),data
R3223 T13193 T13194 compound force,generation
R3224 T13194 T13192 pobj generation,in
R3225 T13195 T13180 prep in,was
R3226 T13043 T13020 punct .,obtained
R3227 T13196 T13195 pobj muscles,in
R3228 T13197 T13196 acl isolated,muscles
R3229 T13045 T13046 aux To,quantify
R3230 T13198 T13197 prep from,isolated
R3231 T13199 T13200 nmod PGC,1α
R3232 T13200 T13202 nmod 1α,mice
R3233 T13046 T13047 advcl quantify,measured
R3234 T13201 T13200 punct -,1α
R3235 T13202 T13198 pobj mice,from
R3236 T13203 T13200 punct −,1α
R3237 T13048 T13049 amod aerobic,capacity
R3238 T13204 T13200 punct /,1α
R3239 T13205 T13200 punct −,1α
R3240 T13206 T13202 cc and,mice
R3241 T13049 T13046 dobj capacity,quantify
R3242 T13207 T13208 nmod PGC,1α
R3243 T13208 T13210 nmod 1α,controls
R3244 T13209 T13208 punct -,1α
R3245 T13050 T13049 compound exercise,capacity
R3246 T13210 T13202 conj controls,mice
R3247 T13211 T13208 punct +,1α
R3248 T13212 T13208 punct /,1α
R3249 T13051 T13047 punct ", ",measured
R3250 T13213 T13208 punct +,1α
R3251 T13214 T13180 punct .,was
R3252 T13052 T13047 nsubjpass VO2max,measured
R3253 T13216 T13217 advmod However,was
R3254 T13053 T13052 punct (,VO2max
R3255 T13218 T13217 punct ", ",was
R3256 T13219 T13220 compound fatigue,resistance
R3257 T13220 T13221 compound resistance,index
R3258 T13054 T13055 compound maximum,consumption
R3259 T13221 T13217 nsubj index,was
R3260 T13222 T13221 punct ", ",index
R3261 T13055 T13052 appos consumption,VO2max
R3262 T13223 T13221 acl defined,index
R3263 T13224 T13223 prep as,defined
R3264 T13225 T13226 det the,percent
R3265 T13226 T13224 pobj percent,as
R3266 T13227 T13226 prep of,percent
R3267 T13228 T13229 amod initial,force
R3268 T13229 T13227 pobj force,of
R3269 T13056 T13055 compound oxygen,consumption
R3270 T13230 T13226 acl generated,percent
R3271 T13231 T13230 prep following,generated
R3272 T13232 T13233 det a,series
R3273 T13057 T13055 punct ", ",consumption
R3274 T13233 T13231 pobj series,following
R3275 T13234 T13235 nummod 2,min
R3276 T13058 T13055 acl measured,consumption
R3277 T13235 T13233 compound min,series
R3278 T13236 T13235 punct -,min
R3279 T13237 T13233 prep of,series
R3280 T13059 T13058 prep in,measured
R3281 T13238 T13239 amod fatiguing,contractions
R3282 T13239 T13237 pobj contractions,of
R3283 T13240 T13217 punct ", ",was
R3284 T13060 T13059 pobj milliliters,in
R3285 T13241 T13242 advmod significantly,lower
R3286 T13242 T13217 acomp lower,was
R3287 T13243 T13217 prep in,was
R3288 T13061 T13060 prep of,milliliters
R3289 T13244 T13245 det the,mice
R3290 T13245 T13243 pobj mice,in
R3291 T13246 T13247 nmod PGC,1α
R3292 T13062 T13061 pobj oxygen,of
R3293 T13247 T13245 nmod 1α,mice
R3294 T13248 T13247 punct -,1α
R3295 T13249 T13247 punct −,1α
R3296 T13063 T13060 prep per,milliliters
R3297 T13250 T13247 punct /,1α
R3298 T13251 T13247 punct −,1α
R3299 T13252 T13253 punct (,%
R3300 T13064 T13063 pobj kilogram,per
R3301 T13253 T13245 parataxis %,mice
R3302 T13254 T13255 quantmod 14.6,1.5
R3303 T13255 T13253 nummod 1.5,%
R3304 T13065 T13064 prep of,kilogram
R3305 T13256 T13255 punct ±,1.5
R3306 T13257 T13217 punct ),was
R3307 T13258 T13217 prep compared,was
R3308 T13066 T13067 compound body,weight
R3309 T13259 T13258 prep to,compared
R3310 T13260 T13261 nmod PGC,1α
R3311 T13261 T13263 nmod 1α,controls
R3312 T13067 T13065 pobj weight,of
R3313 T13262 T13261 punct -,1α
R3314 T13263 T13259 pobj controls,to
R3315 T13264 T13261 punct +,1α
R3316 T13265 T13261 punct /,1α
R3317 T13266 T13261 punct +,1α
R3318 T13267 T13268 punct (,%
R3319 T13068 T13060 prep per,milliliters
R3320 T13268 T13263 parataxis %,controls
R3321 T13269 T13270 quantmod 24.8,2.9
R3322 T13270 T13268 nummod 2.9,%
R3323 T13069 T13068 pobj minute,per
R3324 T13271 T13270 punct ±,2.9
R3325 T13272 T13268 punct ),%
R3326 T13273 T13274 punct (,4C
R3327 T13070 T13047 punct ),measured
R3328 T13071 T13047 auxpass was,measured
R3329 T13072 T13047 prep with,measured
R3330 T13274 T13217 parataxis 4C,was
R3331 T13275 T13274 compound Figure,4C
R3332 T13276 T13274 punct ),4C
R3333 T13277 T13217 punct .,was
R3334 T13073 T13074 det the,protocol
R3335 T13074 T13072 pobj protocol,with
R3336 T13279 T13280 det These,results
R3337 T13075 T13074 nmod treadmill,protocol
R3338 T13280 T13281 nsubj results,indicate
R3339 T13076 T13075 punct -,treadmill
R3340 T13282 T13280 punct ", ",results
R3341 T13077 T13075 amod running,treadmill
R3342 T13283 T13280 advmod together,results
R3343 T13284 T13283 prep with,together
R3344 T13078 T13047 advcl using,measured
R3345 T13285 T13286 det the,abnormalities
R3346 T13286 T13284 pobj abnormalities,with
R3347 T13079 T13080 amod indirect,calorimetry
R3348 T13287 T13286 amod observed,abnormalities
R3349 T13288 T13286 prep in,abnormalities
R3350 T13080 T13078 dobj calorimetry,using
R3351 T13289 T13290 amod skeletal,structure
R3352 T13290 T13288 pobj structure,in
R3353 T13291 T13290 nmod muscle,structure
R3354 T13292 T13290 amod mitochondrial,structure
R3355 T13293 T13290 cc and,structure
R3356 T13294 T13290 conj function,structure
R3357 T13295 T13281 punct ", ",indicate
R3358 T13296 T13297 mark that,is
R3359 T13297 T13281 ccomp is,indicate
R3360 T13298 T13299 compound PGC,1α
R3361 T13299 T13297 nsubj 1α,is
R3362 T13300 T13299 punct -,1α
R3363 T13301 T13297 acomp necessary,is
R3364 T13302 T13301 prep for,necessary
R3365 T13303 T13304 amod functional,adaptation
R3366 T13304 T13302 pobj adaptation,for
R3367 T13305 T13304 prep of,adaptation
R3368 T13306 T13307 amod skeletal,muscle
R3369 T13307 T13305 pobj muscle,of
R3370 T13308 T13304 prep to,adaptation
R3371 T13309 T13310 amod physiologic,demands
R3372 T13310 T13308 pobj demands,to
R3373 T13311 T13281 punct .,indicate
R3375 T15167 T15168 amod Functional,Abnormalities
R3376 T15169 T15168 prep in,Abnormalities
R3377 T15170 T15169 pobj Hearts,in
R3378 T15171 T15170 prep of,Hearts
R3379 T15172 T15173 nmod PGC,1α
R3380 T15173 T15175 nmod 1α,Mice
R3381 T15174 T15173 punct -,1α
R3382 T15175 T15171 pobj Mice,of
R3383 T15176 T15173 punct −,1α
R3384 T15177 T15173 punct /,1α
R3385 T15178 T15173 punct −,1α
R3386 T15180 T15181 compound PGC,1α
R3387 T15181 T15183 compound 1α,expression
R3388 T15182 T15181 punct -,1α
R3389 T15183 T15184 nsubjpass expression,enriched
R3390 T15185 T15184 auxpass is,enriched
R3391 T15186 T15184 prep in,enriched
R3392 T15187 T15186 pobj heart,in
R3393 T15188 T15187 punct ", ",heart
R3394 T15189 T15190 det a,tissue
R3395 T15190 T15187 appos tissue,heart
R3396 T15191 T15192 dep that,relies
R3397 T15192 T15190 relcl relies,tissue
R3398 T15193 T15192 advmod heavily,relies
R3399 T15194 T15192 prep on,relies
R3400 T15195 T15196 amod mitochondrial,metabolism
R3401 T15196 T15194 pobj metabolism,on
R3402 T15197 T15196 compound energy,metabolism
R3403 T15198 T15199 aux to,maintain
R3404 T15199 T15192 advcl maintain,relies
R3405 T15200 T15201 compound pump,function
R3406 T15201 T15199 dobj function,maintain
R3407 T15202 T15199 prep throughout,maintain
R3408 T15203 T15204 det the,life
R3409 T15204 T15202 pobj life,throughout
R3410 T15205 T15204 amod postnatal,life
R3411 T15206 T15204 prep of,life
R3412 T15207 T15208 det the,organism
R3413 T15208 T15206 pobj organism,of
R3414 T15209 T15208 amod mammalian,organism
R3415 T15210 T15184 punct .,enriched
R3416 T15212 T15213 amod Echocardiographic,studies
R3417 T15213 T15215 nsubj studies,reveal
R3418 T15214 T15213 compound screening,studies
R3419 T15216 T15213 prep of,studies
R3420 T15217 T15218 nmod PGC,1α
R3421 T15218 T15220 nmod 1α,mice
R3422 T15219 T15218 punct -,1α
R3423 T15220 T15216 pobj mice,of
R3424 T15221 T15218 punct −,1α
R3425 T15222 T15218 punct /,1α
R3426 T15223 T15218 punct −,1α
R3427 T15224 T15213 prep at,studies
R3428 T15225 T15226 nmod ages,mo
R3429 T15226 T15224 pobj mo,at
R3430 T15227 T15228 quantmod 4,6
R3431 T15228 T15226 nummod 6,mo
R3432 T15229 T15228 punct –,6
R3433 T15230 T15215 aux did,reveal
R3434 T15231 T15215 neg not,reveal
R3435 T15232 T15233 det any,differences
R3436 T15233 T15215 dobj differences,reveal
R3437 T15234 T15233 amod significant,differences
R3438 T15235 T15233 prep in,differences
R3439 T15236 T15237 compound chamber,sizes
R3440 T15237 T15235 pobj sizes,in
R3441 T15238 T15237 cc or,sizes
R3442 T15239 T15240 amod ventricular,function
R3443 T15240 T15237 conj function,sizes
R3444 T15241 T15215 prep compared,reveal
R3445 T15242 T15241 prep to,compared
R3446 T15243 T15244 compound WT,controls
R3447 T15244 T15242 pobj controls,to
R3448 T15245 T15246 punct (,data
R3449 T15246 T15215 meta data,reveal
R3450 T15247 T15246 amod unpublished,data
R3451 T15248 T15246 punct ),data
R3452 T15249 T15215 punct .,reveal
R3453 T15251 T15252 amod Cardiac,functional
R3454 T15252 T15253 amod functional,reserve
R3455 T15253 T15256 nsubjpass reserve,evaluated
R3456 T15254 T15252 cc and,functional
R3457 T15255 T15252 conj metabolic,functional
R3458 T15257 T15256 auxpass was,evaluated
R3459 T15258 T15256 advcl using,evaluated
R3460 T15259 T15260 nmod exercise,testing
R3461 T15260 T15258 dobj testing,using
R3462 T15261 T15260 amod echocardiographic,testing
R3463 T15262 T15260 compound stress,testing
R3464 T15263 T15260 punct (,testing
R3465 T15264 T15260 appos EST,testing
R3466 T15265 T15256 punct ),evaluated
R3467 T15266 T15256 punct .,evaluated
R3468 T15268 T15269 prep Given,performed
R3469 T15270 T15271 mark that,diminished
R3470 T15271 T15268 pcomp diminished,Given
R3471 T15272 T15273 det the,capacity
R3472 T15273 T15271 nsubjpass capacity,diminished
R3473 T15274 T15273 compound exercise,capacity
R3474 T15275 T15273 prep of,capacity
R3475 T15276 T15277 nmod PGC,1α
R3476 T15277 T15279 nmod 1α,mice
R3477 T15278 T15277 punct -,1α
R3478 T15279 T15275 pobj mice,of
R3479 T15280 T15277 punct −,1α
R3480 T15281 T15277 punct /,1α
R3481 T15282 T15277 punct −,1α
R3482 T15283 T15271 auxpass is,diminished
R3483 T15284 T15269 punct ", ",performed
R3484 T15285 T15286 det a,series
R3485 T15286 T15269 nsubjpass series,performed
R3486 T15287 T15286 prep of,series
R3487 T15288 T15289 amod preliminary,studies
R3488 T15289 T15287 pobj studies,of
R3489 T15290 T15291 compound treadmill,exercise
R3490 T15291 T15289 compound exercise,studies
R3491 T15292 T15269 auxpass were,performed
R3492 T15293 T15294 aux to,define
R3493 T15294 T15269 advcl define,performed
R3494 T15295 T15296 det a,duration
R3495 T15296 T15294 dobj duration,define
R3496 T15297 T15296 amod reasonable,duration
R3497 T15298 T15296 compound exercise,duration
R3498 T15299 T15296 prep for,duration
R3499 T15300 T15301 csubjpass run,used
R3500 T15301 T15299 pcomp used,for
R3501 T15302 T15300 punct -,run
R3502 T15303 T15300 prep to,run
R3503 T15304 T15303 punct -,to
R3504 T15305 T15303 pobj exhaustion,to
R3505 T15306 T15301 aux to,used
R3506 T15307 T15301 auxpass be,used
R3507 T15308 T15301 prep as,used
R3508 T15309 T15310 det a,duration
R3509 T15310 T15308 pobj duration,as
R3510 T15311 T15310 compound target,duration
R3511 T15312 T15310 prep for,duration
R3512 T15313 T15314 det the,EST
R3513 T15314 T15312 pobj EST,for
R3514 T15315 T15269 punct .,performed
R3515 T15317 T15318 prep Based,performed
R3516 T15319 T15317 prep on,Based
R3517 T15320 T15321 det the,results
R3518 T15321 T15319 pobj results,on
R3519 T15322 T15321 prep of,results
R3520 T15323 T15324 det these,studies
R3521 T15324 T15322 pobj studies,of
R3522 T15325 T15318 punct ", ",performed
R3523 T15326 T15327 det an,regimen
R3524 T15327 T15318 nsubjpass regimen,performed
R3525 T15328 T15327 compound EST,regimen
R3526 T15329 T15318 auxpass was,performed
R3527 T15330 T15331 prep in,exercised
R3528 T15331 T15318 ccomp exercised,performed
R3529 T15332 T15330 pobj which,in
R3530 T15333 T15334 nmod PGC,1α
R3531 T15334 T15336 nmod 1α,animals
R3532 T15335 T15334 punct -,1α
R3533 T15336 T15331 nsubjpass animals,exercised
R3534 T15337 T15334 punct +,1α
R3535 T15338 T15334 punct /,1α
R3536 T15339 T15334 punct +,1α
R3537 T15340 T15336 compound control,animals
R3538 T15341 T15331 auxpass were,exercised
R3539 T15342 T15331 prep for,exercised
R3540 T15343 T15344 det a,duration
R3541 T15344 T15342 pobj duration,for
R3542 T15345 T15344 prep of,duration
R3543 T15346 T15347 nummod 60,s
R3544 T15347 T15345 pobj s,of
R3545 T15348 T15349 aux to,match
R3546 T15349 T15331 advcl match,exercised
R3547 T15350 T15351 det the,average
R3548 T15351 T15349 dobj average,match
R3549 T15352 T15351 amod predicted,average
R3550 T15353 T15351 prep for,average
R3551 T15354 T15355 det the,mice
R3552 T15355 T15353 pobj mice,for
R3553 T15356 T15357 nmod PGC,1α
R3554 T15357 T15355 nmod 1α,mice
R3555 T15358 T15357 punct -,1α
R3556 T15359 T15357 punct −,1α
R3557 T15360 T15357 punct /,1α
R3558 T15361 T15357 punct −,1α
R3559 T15362 T15363 punct (,mo
R3560 T15363 T15355 parataxis mo,mice
R3561 T15364 T15363 nmod ages,mo
R3562 T15365 T15366 quantmod 6,8
R3563 T15366 T15363 nummod 8,mo
R3564 T15367 T15366 punct –,8
R3565 T15368 T15363 punct ),mo
R3566 T15369 T15318 punct .,performed
R3567 T15371 T15372 amod Echocardiographic,images
R3568 T15372 T15373 nsubjpass images,obtained
R3569 T15374 T15373 auxpass were,obtained
R3570 T15375 T15376 advmod immediately,following
R3571 T15376 T15373 prep following,obtained
R3572 T15377 T15378 nummod 60,s
R3573 T15378 T15376 pobj s,following
R3574 T15379 T15378 prep of,s
R3575 T15380 T15379 pobj exercise,of
R3576 T15381 T15378 prep for,s
R3577 T15382 T15383 det the,controls
R3578 T15383 T15381 pobj controls,for
R3579 T15384 T15385 nmod PGC,1α
R3580 T15385 T15383 nmod 1α,controls
R3581 T15386 T15385 punct -,1α
R3582 T15387 T15385 punct +,1α
R3583 T15388 T15385 punct /,1α
R3584 T15389 T15385 punct +,1α
R3585 T15390 T15376 cc or,following
R3586 T15391 T15376 conj at,following
R3587 T15392 T15393 det the,point
R3588 T15393 T15391 pobj point,at
R3589 T15394 T15393 prep of,point
R3590 T15395 T15394 pobj exhaustion,of
R3591 T15396 T15393 prep for,point
R3592 T15397 T15398 nmod PGC,1α
R3593 T15398 T15400 nmod 1α,mice
R3594 T15399 T15398 punct -,1α
R3595 T15400 T15396 pobj mice,for
R3596 T15401 T15398 punct −,1α
R3597 T15402 T15398 punct /,1α
R3598 T15403 T15398 punct −,1α
R3599 T15404 T15405 punct (,s
R3600 T15405 T15373 parataxis s,obtained
R3601 T15406 T15407 dep mean,s
R3602 T15407 T15405 dep s,s
R3603 T15408 T15409 quantmod 60,6.1
R3604 T15409 T15407 nummod 6.1,s
R3605 T15410 T15409 punct ±,6.1
R3606 T15411 T15405 punct ", ",s
R3607 T15412 T15405 dep range,s
R3608 T15413 T15414 quantmod 45,90
R3609 T15414 T15405 nummod 90,s
R3610 T15415 T15414 punct –,90
R3611 T15416 T15405 punct ),s
R3612 T15417 T15373 punct .,obtained
R3613 T15419 T15420 amod Echocardiographic,determined
R3614 T15420 T15422 amod determined,shortening
R3615 T15421 T15420 punct -,determined
R3616 T15422 T15426 nsubjpass shortening,monitored
R3617 T15423 T15424 amod left,fractional
R3618 T15424 T15422 amod fractional,shortening
R3619 T15425 T15424 amod ventricular,fractional
R3620 T15427 T15422 cc and,shortening
R3621 T15428 T15429 compound heart,rate
R3622 T15429 T15422 conj rate,shortening
R3623 T15430 T15426 auxpass were,monitored
R3624 T15431 T15426 prep for,monitored
R3625 T15432 T15433 det the,period
R3626 T15433 T15431 pobj period,for
R3627 T15434 T15435 nummod 10,min
R3628 T15435 T15433 compound min,period
R3629 T15436 T15435 punct -,min
R3630 T15437 T15438 advmod immediately,post
R3631 T15438 T15433 prep post,period
R3632 T15439 T15438 pobj exercise,post
R3633 T15440 T15426 punct .,monitored
R3634 T15442 T15443 det The,rate
R3635 T15443 T15446 nsubj rate,exhibited
R3636 T15444 T15443 amod mean,rate
R3637 T15445 T15443 compound heart,rate
R3638 T15447 T15443 prep of,rate
R3639 T15448 T15449 det the,mice
R3640 T15449 T15447 pobj mice,of
R3641 T15450 T15451 nmod PGC,1α
R3642 T15451 T15449 nmod 1α,mice
R3643 T15452 T15451 punct -,1α
R3644 T15453 T15451 punct −,1α
R3645 T15454 T15451 punct /,1α
R3646 T15455 T15451 punct −,1α
R3647 T15456 T15457 det an,decline
R3648 T15457 T15446 dobj decline,exhibited
R3649 T15458 T15457 amod inappropriate,decline
R3650 T15459 T15446 prep during,exhibited
R3651 T15460 T15461 det the,period
R3652 T15461 T15459 pobj period,during
R3653 T15462 T15463 amod post,exercise
R3654 T15463 T15461 compound exercise,period
R3655 T15464 T15465 punct (,5A
R3656 T15465 T15446 parataxis 5A,exhibited
R3657 T15466 T15465 compound Figure,5A
R3658 T15467 T15465 punct ),5A
R3659 T15468 T15446 punct .,exhibited
R3660 T15470 T15471 prep In,decreased
R3661 T15472 T15470 pobj addition,In
R3662 T15473 T15471 punct ", ",decreased
R3663 T15474 T15475 advmod echocardiographically,determined
R3664 T15475 T15476 amod determined,shortening
R3665 T15476 T15471 nsubjpass shortening,decreased
R3666 T15477 T15476 amod left,shortening
R3667 T15478 T15476 amod ventricular,shortening
R3668 T15479 T15476 amod fractional,shortening
R3669 T15480 T15471 auxpass was,decreased
R3670 T15481 T15471 prep in,decreased
R3671 T15482 T15483 det the,mice
R3672 T15483 T15481 pobj mice,in
R3673 T15484 T15485 nmod PGC,1α
R3674 T15485 T15483 nmod 1α,mice
R3675 T15486 T15485 punct -,1α
R3676 T15487 T15485 punct −,1α
R3677 T15488 T15485 punct /,1α
R3678 T15489 T15485 punct −,1α
R3679 T15490 T15483 punct ", ",mice
R3680 T15491 T15483 cc but,mice
R3681 T15492 T15491 neg not,but
R3682 T15493 T15494 det the,mice
R3683 T15494 T15483 conj mice,mice
R3684 T15495 T15496 nmod PGC,1α
R3685 T15496 T15494 nmod 1α,mice
R3686 T15497 T15496 punct -,1α
R3687 T15498 T15496 punct +,1α
R3688 T15499 T15496 punct /,1α
R3689 T15500 T15496 punct +,1α
R3690 T15501 T15471 prep during,decreased
R3691 T15502 T15503 det the,min
R3692 T15503 T15501 pobj min,during
R3693 T15504 T15503 amod first,min
R3694 T15505 T15503 nummod 4,min
R3695 T15506 T15503 prep of,min
R3696 T15507 T15508 det the,period
R3697 T15508 T15506 pobj period,of
R3698 T15509 T15510 amod post,exercise
R3699 T15510 T15508 compound exercise,period
R3700 T15511 T15512 punct (,5A
R3701 T15512 T15471 parataxis 5A,decreased
R3702 T15513 T15512 compound Figure,5A
R3703 T15514 T15512 punct ),5A
R3704 T15515 T15471 punct .,decreased
R3705 T15517 T15518 det The,results
R3706 T15518 T15519 nsubj results,distinguish
R3707 T15520 T15518 prep of,results
R3708 T15521 T15522 det the,EST
R3709 T15522 T15520 pobj EST,of
R3710 T15523 T15519 aux did,distinguish
R3711 T15524 T15519 neg not,distinguish
R3712 T15525 T15519 prep between,distinguish
R3713 T15526 T15527 det a,abnormality
R3714 T15527 T15525 pobj abnormality,between
R3715 T15528 T15527 amod primary,abnormality
R3716 T15529 T15527 amod cardiac,abnormality
R3717 T15530 T15527 cc versus,abnormality
R3718 T15531 T15527 conj effects,abnormality
R3719 T15532 T15531 amod secondary,effects
R3720 T15533 T15532 prep to,secondary
R3721 T15534 T15535 det the,exhaustion
R3722 T15535 T15533 pobj exhaustion,to
R3723 T15536 T15535 acl caused,exhaustion
R3724 T15537 T15536 agent by,caused
R3725 T15538 T15539 amod reduced,tolerance
R3726 T15539 T15537 pobj tolerance,by
R3727 T15540 T15539 compound exercise,tolerance
R3728 T15541 T15539 acl related,tolerance
R3729 T15542 T15541 prep to,related
R3730 T15543 T15544 amod skeletal,muscle
R3731 T15544 T15545 compound muscle,dysfunction
R3732 T15545 T15542 pobj dysfunction,to
R3733 T15546 T15519 punct .,distinguish
R3734 T15548 T15549 aux To,assess
R3735 T15549 T15551 advcl assess,isolated
R3736 T15550 T15549 advmod directly,assess
R3737 T15552 T15553 amod cardiac,function
R3738 T15553 T15549 dobj function,assess
R3739 T15554 T15551 punct ", ",isolated
R3740 T15555 T15556 det the,hearts
R3741 T15556 T15551 nsubjpass hearts,isolated
R3742 T15557 T15556 prep of,hearts
R3743 T15558 T15559 nmod PGC,1α
R3744 T15559 T15561 nmod 1α,mice
R3745 T15560 T15559 punct -,1α
R3746 T15561 T15557 pobj mice,of
R3747 T15562 T15559 punct −,1α
R3748 T15563 T15559 punct /,1α
R3749 T15564 T15559 punct −,1α
R3750 T15574 T15551 conj perfused,isolated
R3751 T15565 T15559 cc and,1α
R3752 T15575 T15574 prep in,perfused
R3753 T15566 T15567 compound PGC,1α
R3754 T15576 T15577 det the,mode
R3755 T15577 T15575 pobj mode,in
R3756 T15567 T15559 conj 1α,1α
R3757 T15578 T15577 compound working,mode
R3758 T15579 T15551 punct .,isolated
R3759 T15568 T15567 punct -,1α
R3760 T15581 T15582 nsubj Hearts,generated
R3761 T15583 T15581 acl isolated,Hearts
R3762 T15584 T15583 prep from,isolated
R3763 T15585 T15586 nmod PGC,1α
R3764 T15586 T15588 nmod 1α,mice
R3765 T15587 T15586 punct -,1α
R3766 T15569 T15567 punct +,1α
R3767 T15588 T15584 pobj mice,from
R3768 T15589 T15586 punct −,1α
R3769 T15570 T15567 punct /,1α
R3770 T15590 T15586 punct /,1α
R3771 T15591 T15586 punct −,1α
R3772 T15592 T15593 amod lower,work
R3773 T15571 T15567 punct +,1α
R3774 T15593 T15582 dobj work,generated
R3775 T15594 T15593 amod cardiac,work
R3776 T15572 T15551 auxpass were,isolated
R3777 T15595 T15593 punct (,work
R3778 T15596 T15597 amod cardiac,output
R3779 T15597 T15593 appos output,work
R3780 T15573 T15551 cc and,isolated
R3781 T15598 T15597 acl multiplied,output
R3782 T15599 T15598 prep by,multiplied
R3783 T15600 T15601 nmod peak,pressure
R3784 T15679 T15644 parataxis Table,delineated
R3785 T15601 T15599 pobj pressure,by
R3786 T15602 T15601 amod systolic,pressure
R3787 T15603 T15593 punct ),work
R3788 T15604 T15593 prep compared,work
R3789 T15605 T15604 prep to,compared
R3790 T15680 T15679 nummod 1,Table
R3791 T15606 T15607 nmod PGC,1α
R3792 T15607 T15609 nmod 1α,mice
R3793 T15608 T15607 punct -,1α
R3794 T15609 T15605 pobj mice,to
R3795 T15681 T15679 punct ),Table
R3796 T15610 T15607 punct +,1α
R3797 T15611 T15607 punct /,1α
R3798 T15682 T15644 punct .,delineated
R3799 T15612 T15607 punct +,1α
R3800 T15613 T15609 prep at,mice
R3801 T15614 T15615 amod identical,conditions
R3802 T15684 T15685 aux To,distinguish
R3803 T15615 T15613 pobj conditions,at
R3804 T15616 T15615 compound loading,conditions
R3805 T15617 T15618 punct (,Table
R3806 T15618 T15609 parataxis Table,mice
R3807 T15619 T15618 nummod 1,Table
R3808 T15620 T15618 punct ),Table
R3809 T15685 T15687 advcl distinguish,evaluated
R3810 T15621 T15582 punct .,generated
R3811 T15623 T15624 det This,reduction
R3812 T15686 T15685 advmod further,distinguish
R3813 T15624 T15625 nsubj reduction,was
R3814 T15688 T15685 prep between,distinguish
R3815 T15626 T15624 prep in,reduction
R3816 T15627 T15628 amod cardiac,work
R3817 T15628 T15626 pobj work,in
R3818 T15629 T15625 prep due,was
R3819 T15689 T15688 pobj abnormalities,between
R3820 T15630 T15629 pcomp to,due
R3821 T15631 T15632 det a,output
R3822 T15690 T15689 prep in,abnormalities
R3823 T15691 T15692 compound heart,rate
R3824 T15632 T15629 pobj output,due
R3825 T15692 T15690 pobj rate,in
R3826 T15633 T15632 amod reduced,output
R3827 T15634 T15632 amod cardiac,output
R3828 T15693 T15692 cc and,rate
R3829 T15635 T15636 punct (,Table
R3830 T15636 T15625 parataxis Table,was
R3831 T15637 T15636 nummod 1,Table
R3832 T15694 T15695 amod ventricular,function
R3833 T15638 T15636 punct ),Table
R3834 T15639 T15625 punct .,was
R3835 T15695 T15692 conj function,rate
R3836 T15641 T15642 det The,contribution
R3837 T15696 T15687 punct ", ",evaluated
R3838 T15642 T15644 nsubjpass contribution,delineated
R3839 T15643 T15642 amod relative,contribution
R3840 T15645 T15642 prep of,contribution
R3841 T15646 T15647 compound heart,rate
R3842 T15697 T15698 advmod in,vivo
R3843 T15698 T15699 amod vivo,response
R3844 T15647 T15645 pobj rate,of
R3845 T15648 T15647 cc and,rate
R3846 T15699 T15687 nsubjpass response,evaluated
R3847 T15649 T15650 compound stroke,volume
R3848 T15650 T15647 conj volume,rate
R3849 T15651 T15642 prep to,contribution
R3850 T15700 T15699 amod hemodynamic,response
R3851 T15652 T15653 amod diminished,output
R3852 T15653 T15651 pobj output,to
R3853 T15654 T15653 amod cardiac,output
R3854 T15701 T15699 prep to,response
R3855 T15655 T15653 prep in,output
R3856 T15656 T15657 det the,mice
R3857 T15702 T15703 det the,agonist
R3858 T15657 T15655 pobj mice,in
R3859 T15703 T15701 pobj agonist,to
R3860 T15658 T15659 nmod PGC,1α
R3861 T15659 T15657 nmod 1α,mice
R3862 T15704 T15705 nmod β1,α1
R3863 T15660 T15659 punct -,1α
R3864 T15661 T15659 punct −,1α
R3865 T15705 T15707 npadvmod α1,adrenergic
R3866 T15662 T15659 punct /,1α
R3867 T15663 T15659 punct −,1α
R3868 T15664 T15644 aux could,delineated
R3869 T15706 T15705 punct ",",α1
R3870 T15665 T15644 neg not,delineated
R3871 T15666 T15644 auxpass be,delineated
R3872 T15707 T15709 amod adrenergic,selective
R3873 T15667 T15644 punct ", ",delineated
R3874 T15668 T15669 mark because,decreased
R3875 T15669 T15644 advcl decreased,delineated
R3876 T15708 T15707 punct -,adrenergic
R3877 T15670 T15669 nsubjpass both,decreased
R3878 T15671 T15669 auxpass were,decreased
R3879 T15709 T15703 amod selective,agonist
R3880 T15672 T15669 cc but,decreased
R3881 T15673 T15669 conj neither,decreased
R3882 T15674 T15673 prep to,neither
R3883 T15710 T15709 punct -,selective
R3884 T15675 T15676 det a,degree
R3885 T15676 T15674 pobj degree,to
R3886 T15711 T15703 appos dobutamine,agonist
R3887 T15677 T15676 amod significant,degree
R3888 T15678 T15679 punct (,Table
R3889 T15712 T15687 auxpass was,evaluated
R3890 T15713 T15687 advcl using,evaluated
R3891 T15714 T15715 det a,catheter
R3892 T15715 T15713 dobj catheter,using
R3893 T15716 T15715 amod miniaturized,catheter
R3894 T15784 T15782 advmod together,Taken
R3895 T15785 T15782 prep with,Taken
R3896 T15717 T15715 compound Millar,catheter
R3897 T15786 T15787 det the,EST
R3898 T15787 T15785 pobj EST,with
R3899 T15718 T15687 punct .,evaluated
R3900 T15788 T15783 punct ", ",suggest
R3901 T15789 T15790 det these,results
R3902 T15790 T15783 nsubj results,suggest
R3903 T15720 T15721 det The,response
R3904 T15791 T15783 advmod strongly,suggest
R3905 T15792 T15793 mark that,are
R3906 T15793 T15783 ccomp are,suggest
R3907 T15721 T15724 nsubj response,was
R3908 T15794 T15795 det the,hearts
R3909 T15795 T15793 nsubj hearts,are
R3910 T15796 T15797 nmod PGC,1α
R3911 T15722 T15721 amod ventricular,response
R3912 T15797 T15795 nmod 1α,hearts
R3913 T15798 T15797 punct -,1α
R3914 T15799 T15797 punct −,1α
R3915 T15723 T15721 amod functional,response
R3916 T15800 T15797 punct /,1α
R3917 T15801 T15797 punct −,1α
R3918 T15802 T15793 acomp unable,are
R3919 T15725 T15721 prep to,response
R3920 T15803 T15804 aux to,mount
R3921 T15804 T15802 xcomp mount,unable
R3922 T15726 T15725 pobj dobutamine,to
R3923 T15727 T15724 acomp similar,was
R3924 T15805 T15806 det an,response
R3925 T15806 T15804 dobj response,mount
R3926 T15728 T15724 prep in,was
R3927 T15807 T15806 amod appropriate,response
R3928 T15808 T15806 amod chronotropic,response
R3929 T15729 T15730 nmod PGC,1α
R3930 T15809 T15806 prep to,response
R3931 T15810 T15809 pobj exercise,to
R3932 T15811 T15810 cc and,exercise
R3933 T15812 T15813 amod other,stimuli
R3934 T15730 T15732 nmod 1α,mice
R3935 T15813 T15810 conj stimuli,exercise
R3936 T15814 T15813 amod physiologic,stimuli
R3937 T15731 T15730 punct -,1α
R3938 T15815 T15816 dep that,activate
R3939 T15816 T15813 relcl activate,stimuli
R3940 T15817 T15818 npadvmod β,adrenergic
R3941 T15732 T15728 pobj mice,in
R3942 T15818 T15820 amod adrenergic,input
R3943 T15819 T15818 punct -,adrenergic
R3944 T15820 T15816 dobj input,activate
R3945 T15821 T15820 prep to,input
R3946 T15822 T15823 det the,heart
R3947 T15733 T15730 punct +,1α
R3948 T15823 T15821 pobj heart,to
R3949 T15824 T15783 punct .,suggest
R3950 T15734 T15730 punct /,1α
R3951 T15826 T15827 advmod However,reveal
R3952 T15735 T15730 punct +,1α
R3953 T15828 T15827 punct ", ",reveal
R3954 T15829 T15830 poss our,results
R3955 T15830 T15827 nsubj results,reveal
R3956 T15736 T15730 cc and,1α
R3957 T15831 T15827 aux did,reveal
R3958 T15832 T15827 neg not,reveal
R3959 T15737 T15738 compound PGC,1α
R3960 T15833 T15827 dobj evidence,reveal
R3961 T15834 T15833 prep for,evidence
R3962 T15738 T15730 conj 1α,1α
R3963 T15835 T15836 amod contractile,dysfunction
R3964 T15836 T15834 pobj dysfunction,for
R3965 T15837 T15827 punct .,reveal
R3966 T15739 T15738 punct -,1α
R3967 T15740 T15738 punct −,1α
R3968 T15741 T15738 punct /,1α
R3969 T15742 T15738 punct −,1α
R3970 T15743 T15744 punct (,graph
R3971 T15744 T15724 parataxis graph,was
R3972 T15745 T15746 compound Figure,5B
R3973 T15746 T15744 dep 5B,graph
R3974 T15747 T15744 punct ", ",graph
R3975 T15748 T15744 amod right,graph
R3976 T15749 T15744 punct ),graph
R3977 T15750 T15724 punct .,was
R3978 T15752 T15753 advmod However,exhibited
R3979 T15754 T15753 punct ", ",exhibited
R3980 T15755 T15756 nmod PGC,1α
R3981 T15756 T15758 nmod 1α,mice
R3982 T15757 T15756 punct -,1α
R3983 T15758 T15753 nsubj mice,exhibited
R3984 T15759 T15756 punct −,1α
R3985 T15760 T15756 punct /,1α
R3986 T15761 T15756 punct −,1α
R3987 T15762 T15763 det a,response
R3988 T15763 T15753 dobj response,exhibited
R3989 T15764 T15765 advmod significantly,blunted
R3990 T15765 T15763 amod blunted,response
R3991 T15766 T15767 compound heart,rate
R3992 T15767 T15763 compound rate,response
R3993 T15768 T15763 prep to,response
R3994 T15769 T15770 npadvmod β,adrenergic
R3995 T15770 T15772 amod adrenergic,stimulation
R3996 T15771 T15770 punct -,adrenergic
R3997 T15772 T15768 pobj stimulation,to
R3998 T15773 T15774 punct (,graph
R3999 T15774 T15753 parataxis graph,exhibited
R4000 T15775 T15776 compound Figure,5B
R4001 T15776 T15774 dep 5B,graph
R4002 T15777 T15774 punct ", ",graph
R4003 T15778 T15774 amod left,graph
R4004 T15779 T15774 punct ),graph
R4005 T15780 T15753 punct .,exhibited
R4006 T15782 T15783 advcl Taken,suggest
R4009 T17367 T17368 nmod PGC,1α
R4010 T17368 T17370 nmod 1α,Mice
R4011 T17369 T17368 punct -,1α
R4012 T17370 T17374 nsubj Mice,Exhibit
R4013 T17371 T17368 punct −,1α
R4014 T17372 T17368 punct /,1α
R4015 T17373 T17368 punct −,1α
R4016 T17375 T17376 det an,Response
R4017 T17376 T17374 dobj Response,Exhibit
R4018 T17377 T17376 amod Abnormal,Response
R4019 T17378 T17376 amod Thermogenic,Response
R4020 T17380 T17381 compound PGC,1α
R4021 T17381 T17383 nsubjpass 1α,implicated
R4022 T17382 T17381 punct -,1α
R4023 T17384 T17383 aux has,implicated
R4024 T17385 T17383 auxpass been,implicated
R4025 T17386 T17383 prep as,implicated
R4026 T17387 T17388 det an,regulator
R4027 T17388 T17386 pobj regulator,as
R4028 T17389 T17388 amod inducible,regulator
R4029 T17390 T17388 prep of,regulator
R4030 T17391 T17392 amod mitochondrial,uncoupling
R4031 T17392 T17390 pobj uncoupling,of
R4032 T17393 T17392 amod respiratory,uncoupling
R4033 T17394 T17392 punct ", ",uncoupling
R4034 T17395 T17396 det an,source
R4035 T17396 T17392 appos source,uncoupling
R4036 T17397 T17396 amod important,source
R4037 T17398 T17396 prep of,source
R4038 T17399 T17400 compound heat,production
R4039 T17400 T17398 pobj production,of
R4040 T17401 T17396 prep in,source
R4041 T17402 T17401 pobj BAT,in
R4042 T17403 T17404 punct [,2
R4043 T17404 T17383 parataxis 2,implicated
R4044 T17405 T17404 punct ],2
R4045 T17406 T17383 punct .,implicated
R4046 T17408 T17409 aux To,determine
R4047 T17409 T17410 advcl determine,subjected
R4048 T17411 T17412 mark whether,is
R4049 T17412 T17409 ccomp is,determine
R4050 T17413 T17414 compound PGC,1α
R4051 T17414 T17412 nsubj 1α,is
R4052 T17415 T17414 punct -,1α
R4053 T17416 T17412 acomp necessary,is
R4054 T17417 T17416 prep for,necessary
R4055 T17418 T17419 det an,response
R4056 T17419 T17417 pobj response,for
R4057 T17420 T17419 amod appropriate,response
R4058 T17421 T17419 amod thermogenic,response
R4059 T17422 T17410 punct ", ",subjected
R4060 T17423 T17424 nmod PGC,1α
R4061 T17424 T17426 nmod 1α,mice
R4062 T17425 T17424 punct -,1α
R4063 T17426 T17410 nsubjpass mice,subjected
R4064 T17427 T17424 punct +,1α
R4065 T17428 T17424 punct /,1α
R4066 T17429 T17424 punct +,1α
R4067 T17430 T17424 cc and,1α
R4068 T17431 T17432 compound PGC,1α
R4069 T17432 T17424 conj 1α,1α
R4070 T17433 T17432 punct -,1α
R4071 T17434 T17432 punct −,1α
R4072 T17435 T17432 punct /,1α
R4073 T17436 T17432 punct −,1α
R4074 T17437 T17410 auxpass were,subjected
R4075 T17438 T17410 prep to,subjected
R4076 T17439 T17440 compound cold,exposure
R4077 T17440 T17438 pobj exposure,to
R4078 T17441 T17442 punct (,°C
R4079 T17442 T17440 parataxis °C,exposure
R4080 T17443 T17442 nummod 4,°C
R4081 T17444 T17442 punct ),°C
R4082 T17445 T17410 prep for,subjected
R4083 T17446 T17447 det a,period
R4084 T17447 T17445 pobj period,for
R4085 T17448 T17449 nummod 5,h
R4086 T17449 T17447 compound h,period
R4087 T17450 T17449 punct -,h
R4088 T17451 T17452 mark while,monitored
R4089 T17452 T17410 advcl monitored,subjected
R4090 T17453 T17454 compound core,temperature
R4091 T17454 T17452 nsubjpass temperature,monitored
R4092 T17455 T17454 compound body,temperature
R4093 T17456 T17452 auxpass was,monitored
R4094 T17457 T17410 punct .,subjected
R4095 T17459 T17460 nmod PGC,1α
R4096 T17460 T17462 nmod 1α,mice
R4097 T17461 T17460 punct -,1α
R4098 T17462 T17466 nsubj mice,exhibited
R4099 T17463 T17460 punct −,1α
R4100 T17464 T17460 punct /,1α
R4101 T17465 T17460 punct −,1α
R4102 T17467 T17468 det a,drop
R4103 T17468 T17466 dobj drop,exhibited
R4104 T17469 T17470 advmod markedly,abnormal
R4105 T17470 T17468 amod abnormal,drop
R4106 T17471 T17468 prep in,drop
R4107 T17472 T17473 compound core,temperature
R4108 T17473 T17471 pobj temperature,in
R4109 T17474 T17466 prep compared,exhibited
R4110 T17475 T17474 prep to,compared
R4111 T17476 T17477 det the,controls
R4112 T17477 T17475 pobj controls,to
R4113 T17478 T17477 compound WT,controls
R4114 T17479 T17480 punct (,6A
R4115 T17480 T17466 parataxis 6A,exhibited
R4116 T17481 T17480 compound Figure,6A
R4117 T17482 T17480 punct ),6A
R4118 T17483 T17466 punct .,exhibited
R4119 T17485 T17486 advmod Specifically,was
R4120 T17487 T17486 punct ", ",was
R4121 T17488 T17489 det the,decline
R4122 T17489 T17486 nsubj decline,was
R4123 T17490 T17489 compound mean,decline
R4124 T17491 T17489 prep in,decline
R4125 T17492 T17493 compound core,temperature
R4126 T17493 T17491 pobj temperature,in
R4127 T17494 T17486 acomp greater,was
R4128 T17495 T17494 prep than,greater
R4129 T17496 T17497 nummod 12,°C
R4130 T17497 T17495 pobj °C,than
R4131 T17498 T17486 prep at,was
R4132 T17499 T17500 det the,point
R4133 T17500 T17498 pobj point,at
R4134 T17501 T17502 nummod 5,h
R4135 T17502 T17500 compound h,point
R4136 T17503 T17502 punct -,h
R4137 T17504 T17500 compound time,point
R4138 T17505 T17486 prep in,was
R4139 T17506 T17507 nmod PGC,1α
R4140 T17507 T17509 nmod 1α,mice
R4141 T17508 T17507 punct -,1α
R4142 T17509 T17505 pobj mice,in
R4143 T17510 T17507 punct −,1α
R4144 T17511 T17507 punct /,1α
R4145 T17512 T17507 punct −,1α
R4146 T17513 T17486 punct ", ",was
R4147 T17514 T17486 prep compared,was
R4148 T17515 T17514 prep to,compared
R4149 T17516 T17517 det an,decrement
R4150 T17517 T17515 pobj decrement,to
R4151 T17518 T17519 advmod approximately,3
R4152 T17519 T17520 nummod 3,°C
R4153 T17520 T17517 compound °C,decrement
R4154 T17521 T17517 prep in,decrement
R4155 T17522 T17523 nmod PGC,1α
R4156 T17523 T17525 nmod 1α,controls
R4157 T17524 T17523 punct -,1α
R4158 T17525 T17521 pobj controls,in
R4159 T17526 T17523 punct +,1α
R4160 T17527 T17523 punct /,1α
R4161 T17528 T17523 punct +,1α
R4162 T17529 T17486 punct .,was
R4163 T17531 T17532 mark Although,was
R4164 T17532 T17536 advcl was,was
R4165 T17533 T17534 det this,phenotype
R4166 T17534 T17532 nsubj phenotype,was
R4167 T17535 T17534 amod thermogenic,phenotype
R4168 T17537 T17532 advmod consistently,was
R4169 T17538 T17532 acomp present,was
R4170 T17539 T17532 prep in,was
R4171 T17540 T17539 pobj mice,in
R4172 T17541 T17540 amod aged,mice
R4173 T17542 T17543 quantmod 28,37
R4174 T17543 T17545 nummod 37,d
R4175 T17544 T17543 punct –,37
R4176 T17545 T17541 npadvmod d,aged
R4177 T17546 T17536 punct ", ",was
R4178 T17547 T17536 nsubj it,was
R4179 T17548 T17536 acomp absent,was
R4180 T17549 T17536 prep in,was
R4181 T17550 T17551 amod older,mice
R4182 T17551 T17549 pobj mice,in
R4183 T17552 T17553 punct (,data
R4184 T17553 T17536 meta data,was
R4185 T17554 T17553 amod unpublished,data
R4186 T17555 T17553 punct ),data
R4187 T17556 T17536 punct .,was
R4188 T17558 T17559 det The,appearance
R4189 T17559 T17561 nsubjpass appearance,assessed
R4190 T17560 T17559 amod histologic,appearance
R4191 T17562 T17559 cc and,appearance
R4192 T17563 T17564 amod neutral,stores
R4193 T17564 T17559 conj stores,appearance
R4194 T17565 T17564 compound lipid,stores
R4195 T17566 T17559 prep of,appearance
R4196 T17567 T17566 pobj BAT,of
R4197 T17568 T17561 auxpass were,assessed
R4198 T17569 T17561 prep as,assessed
R4199 T17570 T17571 det an,step
R4200 T17571 T17569 pobj step,as
R4201 T17572 T17571 amod initial,step
R4202 T17573 T17574 aux to,characterize
R4203 T17574 T17571 advcl characterize,step
R4204 T17575 T17576 det the,phenotype
R4205 T17576 T17574 dobj phenotype,characterize
R4206 T17577 T17576 amod thermogenic,phenotype
R4207 T17578 T17576 acl exhibited,phenotype
R4208 T17579 T17578 agent by,exhibited
R4209 T17580 T17581 nmod PGC,1α
R4210 T17581 T17583 nmod 1α,mice
R4211 T17582 T17581 punct -,1α
R4212 T17583 T17579 pobj mice,by
R4213 T17584 T17581 punct −,1α
R4214 T17585 T17581 punct /,1α
R4215 T17586 T17581 punct −,1α
R4216 T17587 T17561 punct .,assessed
R4217 T17589 T17590 amod Histologic,studies
R4218 T17590 T17594 nsubjpass studies,performed
R4219 T17591 T17589 cc and,Histologic
R4220 T17592 T17593 compound lipid,quantification
R4221 T17593 T17589 conj quantification,Histologic
R4222 T17595 T17594 auxpass were,performed
R4223 T17596 T17594 punct .,performed
R4224 T17598 T17599 npadvmod Electron,microscopic
R4225 T17599 T17600 amod microscopic,analyses
R4226 T17600 T17601 nsubj analyses,indicated
R4227 T17602 T17603 mark that,was
R4228 T17603 T17601 ccomp was,indicated
R4229 T17604 T17605 det the,ultrastructure
R4230 T17605 T17603 nsubj ultrastructure,was
R4231 T17606 T17605 amod mitochondrial,ultrastructure
R4232 T17607 T17603 acomp similar,was
R4233 T17608 T17603 prep in,was
R4234 T17609 T17608 pobj BAT,in
R4235 T17610 T17609 acl isolated,BAT
R4236 T17611 T17610 prep from,isolated
R4237 T17612 T17613 nmod PGC,1α
R4238 T17613 T17615 nmod 1α,mice
R4239 T17614 T17613 punct -,1α
R4240 T17615 T17611 pobj mice,from
R4241 T17616 T17613 punct −,1α
R4242 T17617 T17613 punct /,1α
R4243 T17618 T17613 punct −,1α
R4244 T17619 T17613 cc and,1α
R4245 T17620 T17621 compound PGC,1α
R4246 T17621 T17613 conj 1α,1α
R4247 T17622 T17621 punct -,1α
R4248 T17623 T17621 punct +,1α
R4249 T17624 T17621 punct /,1α
R4250 T17625 T17621 punct +,1α
R4251 T17626 T17610 prep before,isolated
R4252 T17627 T17626 cc and,before
R4253 T17628 T17626 conj after,before
R4254 T17629 T17630 compound cold,exposure
R4255 T17630 T17628 pobj exposure,after
R4256 T17631 T17632 punct (,data
R4257 T17632 T17601 meta data,indicated
R4258 T17633 T17632 amod unpublished,data
R4259 T17634 T17632 punct ),data
R4260 T17635 T17601 punct .,indicated
R4261 T17637 T17638 prep In,were
R4262 T17639 T17637 pobj addition,In
R4263 T17640 T17638 punct ", ",were
R4264 T17641 T17638 nsubj levels,were
R4265 T17642 T17641 prep of,levels
R4266 T17643 T17644 compound BAT,triglyceride
R4267 T17644 T17642 pobj triglyceride,of
R4268 T17645 T17638 acomp similar,were
R4269 T17646 T17638 prep between,were
R4270 T17647 T17648 det the,genotypes
R4271 T17648 T17646 pobj genotypes,between
R4272 T17649 T17648 nummod two,genotypes
R4273 T17650 T17651 punct (,data
R4274 T17651 T17638 meta data,were
R4275 T17652 T17651 amod unpublished,data
R4276 T17653 T17651 punct ),data
R4277 T17654 T17638 punct .,were
R4278 T17656 T17657 nsubj UCP,is
R4279 T17658 T17656 punct -,UCP
R4280 T17659 T17656 nummod 1,UCP
R4281 T17660 T17661 det a,protein
R4282 T17661 T17657 attr protein,is
R4283 T17662 T17663 npadvmod cold,inducible
R4284 T17663 T17661 amod inducible,protein
R4285 T17664 T17663 punct -,inducible
R4286 T17665 T17661 acl involved,protein
R4287 T17666 T17665 prep in,involved
R4288 T17667 T17668 amod mitochondrial,uncoupling
R4289 T17668 T17666 pobj uncoupling,in
R4290 T17669 T17668 amod respiratory,uncoupling
R4291 T17670 T17671 aux to,generate
R4292 T17671 T17665 advcl generate,involved
R4293 T17672 T17671 dobj heat,generate
R4294 T17673 T17671 prep in,generate
R4295 T17674 T17673 pobj BAT,in
R4296 T17675 T17657 punct .,is
R4297 T17677 T17678 nmod UCP,transcription
R4298 T17678 T17682 nsubjpass transcription,known
R4299 T17679 T17677 punct -,UCP
R4300 T17680 T17677 nummod 1,UCP
R4301 T17681 T17678 compound gene,transcription
R4302 T17683 T17682 auxpass is,known
R4303 T17684 T17685 aux to,activated
R4304 T17685 T17682 xcomp activated,known
R4305 T17686 T17685 auxpass be,activated
R4306 T17687 T17685 agent by,activated
R4307 T17688 T17689 compound PGC,1α
R4308 T17689 T17687 pobj 1α,by
R4309 T17690 T17689 punct -,1α
R4310 T17691 T17692 punct [,2
R4311 T17692 T17682 parataxis 2,known
R4312 T17693 T17692 punct ],2
R4313 T17694 T17682 punct .,known
R4314 T17696 T17697 advmod Surprisingly,were
R4315 T17698 T17697 punct ", ",were
R4316 T17699 T17700 amod basal,levels
R4317 T17700 T17697 nsubj levels,were
R4318 T17701 T17699 cc and,basal
R4319 T17702 T17703 npadvmod cold,induced
R4320 T17703 T17699 conj induced,basal
R4321 T17704 T17703 punct -,induced
R4322 T17705 T17700 nmod BAT,levels
R4323 T17706 T17700 nmod UCP,levels
R4324 T17707 T17706 punct -,UCP
R4325 T17708 T17706 nummod 1,UCP
R4326 T17709 T17700 compound mRNA,levels
R4327 T17710 T17697 acomp similar,were
R4328 T17711 T17697 prep in,were
R4329 T17712 T17713 nmod PGC,1α
R4330 T17713 T17715 nmod 1α,mice
R4331 T17714 T17713 punct -,1α
R4332 T17715 T17711 pobj mice,in
R4333 T17716 T17713 punct +,1α
R4334 T17717 T17713 punct /,1α
R4335 T17718 T17713 punct +,1α
R4336 T17719 T17713 cc and,1α
R4337 T17720 T17721 compound PGC,1α
R4338 T17721 T17713 conj 1α,1α
R4339 T17722 T17721 punct -,1α
R4340 T17723 T17721 punct −,1α
R4341 T17724 T17721 punct /,1α
R4342 T17725 T17721 punct −,1α
R4343 T17726 T17727 punct (,6B
R4344 T17727 T17697 parataxis 6B,were
R4345 T17728 T17727 compound Figure,6B
R4346 T17729 T17727 punct ),6B
R4347 T17730 T17697 punct .,were
R4348 T17732 T17733 det These,results
R4349 T17733 T17734 nsubj results,suggest
R4350 T17735 T17736 mark that,is
R4351 T17736 T17734 advcl is,suggest
R4352 T17737 T17738 compound PGC,1α
R4353 T17738 T17736 nsubj 1α,is
R4354 T17739 T17738 punct -,1α
R4355 T17740 T17736 neg not,is
R4356 T17741 T17736 acomp necessary,is
R4357 T17742 T17741 prep for,necessary
R4358 T17743 T17744 det the,induction
R4359 T17744 T17742 pobj induction,for
R4360 T17745 T17744 prep of,induction
R4361 T17746 T17747 det the,expression
R4362 T17747 T17745 pobj expression,of
R4363 T17748 T17747 prep of,expression
R4364 T17749 T17748 pobj UCP,of
R4365 T17750 T17749 punct -,UCP
R4366 T17751 T17749 nummod 1,UCP
R4367 T17752 T17744 prep with,induction
R4368 T17753 T17754 compound cold,exposure
R4369 T17754 T17752 pobj exposure,with
R4370 T17755 T17736 punct ", ",is
R4371 T17756 T17736 cc and,is
R4372 T17757 T17758 mark that,contribute
R4373 T17758 T17736 conj contribute,is
R4374 T17759 T17760 amod other,factors
R4375 T17760 T17758 nsubj factors,contribute
R4376 T17761 T17760 punct ", ",factors
R4377 T17762 T17763 amod such,as
R4378 T17763 T17760 prep as,factors
R4379 T17764 T17765 amod reduced,capacity
R4380 T17765 T17763 pobj capacity,as
R4381 T17766 T17765 prep for,capacity
R4382 T17767 T17768 amod mitochondrial,respiration
R4383 T17768 T17766 pobj respiration,for
R4384 T17769 T17758 punct ", ",contribute
R4385 T17770 T17758 advmod likely,contribute
R4386 T17771 T17758 prep to,contribute
R4387 T17772 T17773 det the,response
R4388 T17773 T17771 pobj response,to
R4389 T17774 T17773 amod abnormal,response
R4390 T17775 T17773 amod thermogenic,response
R4391 T17776 T17758 prep in,contribute
R4392 T17777 T17778 det the,mice
R4393 T17778 T17776 pobj mice,in
R4394 T17779 T17780 nmod PGC,1α
R4395 T17780 T17778 nmod 1α,mice
R4396 T17781 T17780 punct -,1α
R4397 T17782 T17780 punct −,1α
R4398 T17783 T17780 punct /,1α
R4399 T17784 T17780 punct −,1α
R4400 T17785 T17734 punct .,suggest
R4401 T17787 T17788 nsubj Thermogenesis,is
R4402 T17789 T17787 prep in,Thermogenesis
R4403 T17790 T17789 pobj rodents,in
R4404 T17791 T17787 acl related,Thermogenesis
R4405 T17792 T17791 prep to,related
R4406 T17793 T17794 amod mitochondrial,uncoupling
R4407 T17794 T17792 pobj uncoupling,to
R4408 T17795 T17788 prep under,is
R4409 T17796 T17797 det the,control
R4410 T17797 T17795 pobj control,under
R4411 T17798 T17797 prep of,control
R4412 T17799 T17800 npadvmod β3,adrenergic
R4413 T17800 T17802 amod adrenergic,receptor
R4414 T17801 T17800 punct -,adrenergic
R4415 T17802 T17803 npadvmod receptor,coupled
R4416 T17803 T17804 amod coupled,signaling
R4417 T17804 T17798 pobj signaling,of
R4418 T17805 T17788 punct .,is
R4419 T17807 T17808 advmod Accordingly,examined
R4420 T17809 T17808 punct ", ",examined
R4421 T17810 T17811 det the,response
R4422 T17811 T17808 nsubjpass response,examined
R4423 T17812 T17813 advmod in,vivo
R4424 T17813 T17811 amod vivo,response
R4425 T17814 T17815 compound oxygen,consumption
R4426 T17815 T17811 compound consumption,response
R4427 T17816 T17811 prep to,response
R4428 T17817 T17818 npadvmod β3,adrenergic
R4429 T17818 T17820 amod adrenergic,stimulation
R4430 T17819 T17818 punct -,adrenergic
R4431 T17820 T17816 pobj stimulation,to
R4432 T17821 T17808 auxpass was,examined
R4433 T17822 T17808 prep in,examined
R4434 T17823 T17824 nmod PGC,1α
R4435 T17824 T17826 nmod 1α,mice
R4436 T17825 T17824 punct -,1α
R4437 T17826 T17822 pobj mice,in
R4438 T17827 T17824 punct −,1α
R4439 T17828 T17824 punct /,1α
R4440 T17829 T17824 punct −,1α
R4441 T17830 T17808 punct .,examined
R4442 T17832 T17833 prep For,measured
R4443 T17834 T17835 det these,experiments
R4444 T17835 T17832 pobj experiments,For
R4445 T17836 T17833 punct ", ",measured
R4446 T17837 T17833 nsubjpass VO2,measured
R4447 T17838 T17837 punct (,VO2
R4448 T17839 T17840 compound oxygen,consumption
R4449 T17840 T17837 appos consumption,VO2
R4450 T17841 T17837 punct ),VO2
R4451 T17842 T17833 auxpass was,measured
R4452 T17843 T17833 prep following,measured
R4453 T17844 T17843 pobj administration,following
R4454 T17845 T17844 prep of,administration
R4455 T17846 T17847 det the,agonist
R4456 T17847 T17845 pobj agonist,of
R4457 T17848 T17847 compound β3,agonist
R4458 T17849 T17847 punct -,agonist
R4459 T17850 T17847 appos BRL,agonist
R4460 T17851 T17850 nummod 37344,BRL
R4461 T17852 T17833 advcl using,measured
R4462 T17853 T17854 amod indirect,calorimetry
R4463 T17854 T17852 dobj calorimetry,using
R4464 T17855 T17833 punct .,measured
R4465 T17857 T17858 nsubjpass VO2,increased
R4466 T17859 T17858 auxpass was,increased
R4467 T17860 T17858 advmod significantly,increased
R4468 T17861 T17858 prep in,increased
R4469 T17862 T17861 pobj response,in
R4470 T17863 T17862 prep to,response
R4471 T17864 T17863 pobj BRL,to
R4472 T17865 T17864 nummod 3744,BRL
R4473 T17866 T17858 prep in,increased
R4474 T17867 T17868 nmod PGC,1α
R4475 T17868 T17870 nmod 1α,mice
R4476 T17869 T17868 punct -,1α
R4477 T17870 T17866 pobj mice,in
R4478 T17871 T17868 punct +,1α
R4479 T17872 T17868 punct /,1α
R4480 T17873 T17868 punct +,1α
R4481 T17874 T17868 cc but,1α
R4482 T17875 T17874 neg not,but
R4483 T17876 T17877 compound PGC,1α
R4484 T17877 T17868 conj 1α,1α
R4485 T17878 T17877 punct -,1α
R4486 T17879 T17877 punct −,1α
R4487 T17880 T17877 punct /,1α
R4488 T17881 T17877 punct −,1α
R4489 T17882 T17883 punct (,6C
R4490 T17915 T17913 pobj mice,in
R4491 T17883 T17858 parataxis 6C,increased
R4492 T17916 T17917 compound PGC,1α
R4493 T17884 T17883 compound Figure,6C
R4494 T17917 T17919 npadvmod 1α,null
R4495 T17918 T17917 punct -,1α
R4496 T17919 T17915 amod null,mice
R4497 T17885 T17883 punct ),6C
R4498 T17920 T17892 punct ", ",altered
R4499 T17921 T17922 advmod likely,related
R4500 T17886 T17858 punct .,increased
R4501 T17922 T17892 advcl related,altered
R4502 T17923 T17922 prep to,related
R4503 T17888 T17889 det These,results
R4504 T17924 T17925 amod reduced,capacity
R4505 T17925 T17923 pobj capacity,to
R4506 T17926 T17925 prep for,capacity
R4507 T17889 T17890 nsubj results,indicate
R4508 T17927 T17928 amod mitochondrial,uncoupling
R4509 T17928 T17926 pobj uncoupling,for
R4510 T17929 T17928 amod respiratory,uncoupling
R4511 T17891 T17892 mark that,altered
R4512 T17930 T17890 punct .,indicate
R4513 T17892 T17890 ccomp altered,indicate
R4514 T17893 T17894 det the,response
R4515 T17894 T17892 nsubjpass response,altered
R4516 T17895 T17894 amod metabolic,response
R4517 T17896 T17894 prep of,response
R4518 T17897 T17896 pobj BAT,of
R4519 T17898 T17894 prep to,response
R4520 T17899 T17900 det an,stimulus
R4521 T17900 T17898 pobj stimulus,to
R4522 T17901 T17900 amod acute,stimulus
R4523 T17902 T17903 amod such,as
R4524 T17903 T17900 prep as,stimulus
R4525 T17904 T17905 amod cold,stimulation
R4526 T17905 T17903 pobj stimulation,as
R4527 T17906 T17904 cc and,cold
R4528 T17907 T17906 punct /,and
R4529 T17908 T17906 cc or,and
R4530 T17909 T17910 npadvmod β3,adrenergic
R4531 T17910 T17904 conj adrenergic,cold
R4532 T17911 T17910 punct -,adrenergic
R4533 T17912 T17892 auxpass is,altered
R4534 T17913 T17892 prep in,altered
R4535 T17914 T17915 det the,mice
R4536 T20245 T20246 npadvmod Fasting,Induced
R4537 T20246 T20248 amod Induced,Steatosis
R4538 T20247 T20246 punct -,Induced
R4539 T20249 T20248 amod Hepatic,Steatosis
R4540 T20250 T20248 prep in,Steatosis
R4541 T20251 T20252 nmod PGC,1α
R4542 T20252 T20254 nmod 1α,Mice
R4543 T20253 T20252 punct -,1α
R4544 T20254 T20250 pobj Mice,in
R4545 T20255 T20252 punct −,1α
R4546 T20256 T20252 punct /,1α
R4547 T20257 T20252 punct −,1α
R4548 T20259 T20260 amod Previous,studies
R4549 T20260 T20261 nsubj studies,implicated
R4550 T20262 T20261 aux have,implicated
R4551 T20263 T20264 compound PGC,1α
R4552 T20264 T20261 dobj 1α,implicated
R4553 T20265 T20264 punct -,1α
R4554 T20266 T20261 prep in,implicated
R4555 T20267 T20268 amod several,functions
R4556 T20268 T20266 pobj functions,in
R4557 T20269 T20268 amod hepatic,functions
R4558 T20270 T20268 amod metabolic,functions
R4559 T20271 T20268 prep including,functions
R4560 T20272 T20273 amod fatty,acid
R4561 T20273 T20274 compound acid,oxidation
R4562 T20274 T20271 pobj oxidation,including
R4563 T20275 T20274 cc and,oxidation
R4564 T20276 T20274 conj gluconeogenesis,oxidation
R4565 T20277 T20278 punct [,21
R4566 T20278 T20261 parataxis 21,implicated
R4567 T20279 T20278 nummod 18,21
R4568 T20280 T20278 punct ",",21
R4569 T20281 T20278 nummod 19,21
R4570 T20282 T20278 punct ",",21
R4571 T20283 T20278 nummod 20,21
R4572 T20284 T20278 punct ",",21
R4573 T20285 T20278 punct ],21
R4574 T20286 T20261 punct .,implicated
R4575 T20288 T20289 advmod Accordingly,evaluated
R4576 T20290 T20289 punct ", ",evaluated
R4577 T20291 T20292 det the,phenotype
R4578 T20292 T20289 nsubjpass phenotype,evaluated
R4579 T20293 T20292 amod hepatic,phenotype
R4580 T20294 T20289 auxpass was,evaluated
R4581 T20295 T20289 prep under,evaluated
R4582 T20296 T20297 amod basal,conditions
R4583 T20297 T20295 pobj conditions,under
R4584 T20298 T20295 cc and,under
R4585 T20299 T20295 conj following,under
R4586 T20300 T20301 det a,fast
R4587 T20301 T20299 pobj fast,following
R4588 T20302 T20303 nummod 24,h
R4589 T20303 T20301 compound h,fast
R4590 T20304 T20303 punct -,h
R4591 T20305 T20301 punct ", ",fast
R4592 T20306 T20307 det a,stimulus
R4593 T20307 T20301 appos stimulus,fast
R4594 T20308 T20307 acl known,stimulus
R4595 T20309 T20310 aux to,induce
R4596 T20310 T20308 xcomp induce,known
R4597 T20311 T20312 amod fatty,acid
R4598 T20312 T20313 compound acid,oxidation
R4599 T20313 T20310 dobj oxidation,induce
R4600 T20314 T20313 cc and,oxidation
R4601 T20315 T20316 amod gluconeogenic,rates
R4602 T20316 T20313 conj rates,oxidation
R4603 T20317 T20310 prep in,induce
R4604 T20318 T20317 pobj liver,in
R4605 T20319 T20289 punct .,evaluated
R4606 T20321 T20322 prep Under,appeared
R4607 T20323 T20324 amod basal,conditions
R4608 T20324 T20321 pobj conditions,Under
R4609 T20325 T20324 amod fed,conditions
R4610 T20326 T20322 punct ", ",appeared
R4611 T20327 T20328 det the,livers
R4612 T20328 T20322 nsubj livers,appeared
R4613 T20329 T20328 prep of,livers
R4614 T20330 T20331 det the,mice
R4615 T20331 T20329 pobj mice,of
R4616 T20332 T20333 nmod PGC,1α
R4617 T20333 T20331 nmod 1α,mice
R4618 T20334 T20333 punct -,1α
R4619 T20335 T20333 punct −,1α
R4620 T20336 T20333 punct /,1α
R4621 T20337 T20333 punct −,1α
R4622 T20338 T20339 advmod grossly,normal
R4623 T20339 T20322 oprd normal,appeared
R4624 T20340 T20322 cc and,appeared
R4625 T20341 T20342 aux did,exhibit
R4626 T20342 T20322 conj exhibit,appeared
R4627 T20343 T20342 neg not,exhibit
R4628 T20344 T20345 amod histologic,abnormalities
R4629 T20345 T20342 dobj abnormalities,exhibit
R4630 T20346 T20347 punct (,data
R4631 T20347 T20342 meta data,exhibit
R4632 T20348 T20347 amod unpublished,data
R4633 T20349 T20347 punct ),data
R4634 T20350 T20322 punct .,appeared
R4635 T20352 T20353 advmod However,exhibited
R4636 T20354 T20353 punct ", ",exhibited
R4637 T20355 T20353 prep following,exhibited
R4638 T20356 T20357 det a,fast
R4639 T20357 T20355 pobj fast,following
R4640 T20358 T20359 nummod 24,h
R4641 T20359 T20357 compound h,fast
R4642 T20360 T20357 punct -,fast
R4643 T20361 T20353 punct ", ",exhibited
R4644 T20362 T20363 det the,mice
R4645 T20363 T20353 nsubj mice,exhibited
R4646 T20364 T20365 nmod PGC,1α
R4647 T20365 T20363 nmod 1α,mice
R4648 T20366 T20365 punct -,1α
R4649 T20367 T20365 punct −,1α
R4650 T20368 T20365 punct /,1α
R4651 T20369 T20365 punct −,1α
R4652 T20370 T20371 amod marked,steatosis
R4653 T20371 T20353 dobj steatosis,exhibited
R4654 T20372 T20371 amod hepatic,steatosis
R4655 T20373 T20374 mark as,determined
R4656 T20374 T20353 advcl determined,exhibited
R4657 T20375 T20374 agent by,determined
R4658 T20376 T20377 amod gross,inspection
R4659 T20377 T20375 pobj inspection,by
R4660 T20378 T20377 punct ", ",inspection
R4661 T20379 T20380 nmod oil,O
R4662 T20380 T20382 compound O,staining
R4663 T20381 T20380 amod red,O
R4664 T20382 T20377 conj staining,inspection
R4665 T20383 T20382 punct ", ",staining
R4666 T20384 T20385 compound electron,microscopy
R4667 T20385 T20382 conj microscopy,staining
R4668 T20386 T20385 punct ", ",microscopy
R4669 T20387 T20385 cc and,microscopy
R4670 T20388 T20385 conj measurements,microscopy
R4671 T20389 T20388 prep of,measurements
R4672 T20390 T20391 nmod liver,levels
R4673 T20391 T20389 pobj levels,of
R4674 T20392 T20391 nmod triglyceride,levels
R4675 T20393 T20392 punct (,triglyceride
R4676 T20394 T20392 appos TAG,triglyceride
R4677 T20395 T20391 punct ),levels
R4678 T20396 T20397 punct (,Figure
R4679 T20397 T20353 parataxis Figure,exhibited
R4680 T20398 T20397 nummod 7,Figure
R4681 T20399 T20397 punct ),Figure
R4682 T20400 T20353 punct .,exhibited
R4683 T20402 T20403 expl There,were
R4684 T20404 T20405 det no,differences
R4685 T20405 T20403 attr differences,were
R4686 T20406 T20405 prep in,differences
R4687 T20407 T20408 compound plasma,triglycerides
R4688 T20408 T20406 pobj triglycerides,in
R4689 T20409 T20408 cc or,triglycerides
R4690 T20410 T20411 amod free,acids
R4691 T20411 T20408 conj acids,triglycerides
R4692 T20412 T20411 amod fatty,acids
R4693 T20413 T20405 prep between,differences
R4694 T20414 T20415 det the,genotypes
R4695 T20415 T20413 pobj genotypes,between
R4696 T20416 T20415 prep in,genotypes
R4697 T20417 T20418 amod fed,states
R4698 T20418 T20416 pobj states,in
R4699 T20419 T20417 cc or,fed
R4700 T20420 T20417 conj fasted,fed
R4701 T20421 T20422 punct (,data
R4702 T20422 T20403 meta data,were
R4703 T20423 T20422 amod unpublished,data
R4704 T20424 T20422 punct ),data
R4705 T20425 T20403 punct .,were
R4706 T20427 T20428 aux To,investigate
R4707 T20428 T20430 advcl investigate,isolated
R4708 T20429 T20428 advmod further,investigate
R4709 T20431 T20432 det the,mechanisms
R4710 T20432 T20428 dobj mechanisms,investigate
R4711 T20433 T20432 acl involved,mechanisms
R4712 T20434 T20433 prep in,involved
R4713 T20435 T20436 det the,response
R4714 T20436 T20434 pobj response,in
R4715 T20437 T20438 npadvmod fasting,induced
R4716 T20438 T20436 amod induced,response
R4717 T20439 T20438 punct -,induced
R4718 T20440 T20436 amod hepatic,response
R4719 T20441 T20436 amod steatotic,response
R4720 T20442 T20430 punct ", ",isolated
R4721 T20443 T20430 nsubjpass hepatocytes,isolated
R4722 T20444 T20430 auxpass were,isolated
R4723 T20445 T20430 prep from,isolated
R4724 T20446 T20447 nmod PGC,1α
R4725 T20447 T20449 nmod 1α,mice
R4726 T20448 T20447 punct -,1α
R4727 T20449 T20445 pobj mice,from
R4728 T20450 T20447 punct −,1α
R4729 T20451 T20447 punct /,1α
R4730 T20452 T20447 punct −,1α
R4731 T20453 T20449 cc and,mice
R4732 T20454 T20455 compound WT,controls
R4733 T20455 T20449 conj controls,mice
R4734 T20456 T20430 punct .,isolated
R4735 T20458 T20459 compound Oleate,loading
R4736 T20459 T20460 compound loading,experiments
R4737 T20460 T20461 nsubj experiments,revealed
R4738 T20541 T20542 nmod PGC,1α
R4739 T20462 T20463 mark that,accumulated
R4740 T20542 T20544 nmod 1α,hepatocytes
R4741 T20463 T20461 ccomp accumulated,revealed
R4742 T20543 T20542 punct -,1α
R4743 T20544 T20540 pobj hepatocytes,in
R4744 T20545 T20542 punct −,1α
R4745 T20546 T20542 punct /,1α
R4746 T20547 T20542 punct −,1α
R4747 T20464 T20465 det the,hepatocytes
R4748 T20548 T20549 dep that,results
R4749 T20549 T20536 relcl results,defect
R4750 T20550 T20549 prep in,results
R4751 T20551 T20552 det an,inability
R4752 T20465 T20463 nsubj hepatocytes,accumulated
R4753 T20552 T20550 pobj inability,in
R4754 T20466 T20467 nmod PGC,1α
R4755 T20553 T20554 aux to,maintain
R4756 T20467 T20465 nmod 1α,hepatocytes
R4757 T20554 T20552 acl maintain,inability
R4758 T20555 T20556 amod cellular,balance
R4759 T20468 T20467 punct -,1α
R4760 T20556 T20554 dobj balance,maintain
R4761 T20557 T20556 compound lipid,balance
R4762 T20558 T20554 prep in,maintain
R4763 T20469 T20467 punct −,1α
R4764 T20559 T20560 det the,context
R4765 T20560 T20558 pobj context,in
R4766 T20561 T20560 prep of,context
R4767 T20470 T20467 punct /,1α
R4768 T20562 T20563 amod increased,delivery
R4769 T20563 T20561 pobj delivery,of
R4770 T20471 T20467 punct −,1α
R4771 T20564 T20563 prep of,delivery
R4772 T20565 T20564 pobj lipid,of
R4773 T20472 T20473 amod neutral,lipid
R4774 T20566 T20563 amod such,delivery
R4775 T20567 T20568 mark as,occurs
R4776 T20568 T20566 advcl occurs,such
R4777 T20473 T20463 dobj lipid,accumulated
R4778 T20569 T20568 prep with,occurs
R4779 T20570 T20569 pobj fasting,with
R4780 T20474 T20463 prep to,accumulated
R4781 T20571 T20529 punct .,indicate
R4782 T20573 T20574 nsubj PPAR,is
R4783 T20475 T20476 det a,extent
R4784 T20575 T20573 punct ", ",PPAR
R4785 T20576 T20577 det a,regulator
R4786 T20476 T20474 pobj extent,to
R4787 T20577 T20573 appos regulator,PPAR
R4788 T20578 T20577 amod known,regulator
R4789 T20477 T20478 advmod significantly,greater
R4790 T20579 T20577 prep of,regulator
R4791 T20580 T20581 amod hepatic,enzyme
R4792 T20581 T20586 compound enzyme,expression
R4793 T20478 T20476 amod greater,extent
R4794 T20582 T20581 amod mitochondrial,enzyme
R4795 T20583 T20584 amod fatty,acid
R4796 T20584 T20585 compound acid,oxidation
R4797 T20585 T20581 compound oxidation,enzyme
R4798 T20586 T20579 pobj expression,of
R4799 T20587 T20586 compound gene,expression
R4800 T20479 T20476 prep than,extent
R4801 T20588 T20574 punct ", ",is
R4802 T20589 T20590 det a,target
R4803 T20590 T20574 attr target,is
R4804 T20480 T20481 det the,cells
R4805 T20591 T20590 prep for,target
R4806 T20592 T20591 pobj coactivation,for
R4807 T20593 T20592 prep by,coactivation
R4808 T20481 T20479 pobj cells,than
R4809 T20594 T20595 compound PGC,1α
R4810 T20595 T20593 pobj 1α,by
R4811 T20596 T20595 punct -,1α
R4812 T20482 T20481 compound WT,cells
R4813 T20597 T20598 punct [,31
R4814 T20598 T20574 parataxis 31,is
R4815 T20483 T20484 punct (,8A
R4816 T20599 T20598 punct ],31
R4817 T20600 T20574 punct .,is
R4818 T20484 T20463 parataxis 8A,accumulated
R4819 T20602 T20603 advmod Therefore,sought
R4820 T20604 T20603 punct ", ",sought
R4821 T20485 T20484 compound Figure,8A
R4822 T20605 T20603 nsubj we,sought
R4823 T20606 T20607 aux to,determine
R4824 T20607 T20603 xcomp determine,sought
R4825 T20486 T20484 punct ),8A
R4826 T20608 T20609 mark whether,related
R4827 T20609 T20607 ccomp related,determine
R4828 T20487 T20461 punct .,revealed
R4829 T20610 T20611 det the,phenotype
R4830 T20611 T20609 nsubj phenotype,related
R4831 T20612 T20611 amod steatotic,phenotype
R4832 T20489 T20490 compound 3H,palmitate
R4833 T20613 T20611 prep of,phenotype
R4834 T20614 T20615 det the,mice
R4835 T20615 T20613 pobj mice,of
R4836 T20616 T20617 nmod PGC,1α
R4837 T20490 T20492 compound palmitate,oxidation
R4838 T20617 T20615 nmod 1α,mice
R4839 T20618 T20617 punct -,1α
R4840 T20491 T20490 punct -,palmitate
R4841 T20619 T20617 punct −,1α
R4842 T20620 T20617 punct /,1α
R4843 T20621 T20617 punct −,1α
R4844 T20492 T20493 compound oxidation,rates
R4845 T20622 T20609 prep to,related
R4846 T20623 T20624 amod reduced,expression
R4847 T20624 T20622 pobj expression,to
R4848 T20625 T20624 prep of,expression
R4849 T20626 T20627 compound PPAR,genes
R4850 T20493 T20494 nsubj rates,were
R4851 T20627 T20625 pobj genes,of
R4852 T20628 T20627 compound target,genes
R4853 T20629 T20603 punct .,sought
R4854 T20495 T20496 advmod significantly,lower
R4855 T20631 T20632 prep To,performed
R4856 T20633 T20634 det this,end
R4857 T20496 T20494 acomp lower,were
R4858 T20634 T20631 pobj end,To
R4859 T20635 T20632 punct ", ",performed
R4860 T20636 T20637 det a,survey
R4861 T20497 T20494 prep in,were
R4862 T20637 T20632 nsubjpass survey,performed
R4863 T20638 T20637 prep of,survey
R4864 T20639 T20640 compound candidate,genes
R4865 T20498 T20499 nmod PGC,1α
R4866 T20499 T20501 nmod 1α,hepatocytes
R4867 T20640 T20638 pobj genes,of
R4868 T20500 T20499 punct -,1α
R4869 T20641 T20637 cc and,survey
R4870 T20642 T20643 compound gene,expression
R4871 T20501 T20497 pobj hepatocytes,in
R4872 T20643 T20644 compound expression,profiling
R4873 T20644 T20645 compound profiling,experiments
R4874 T20502 T20499 punct −,1α
R4875 T20645 T20637 conj experiments,survey
R4876 T20646 T20632 auxpass were,performed
R4877 T20503 T20499 punct /,1α
R4878 T20504 T20499 punct −,1α
R4879 T20647 T20632 punct .,performed
R4880 T20505 T20494 prep compared,were
R4881 T20649 T20650 advmod Surprisingly,were
R4882 T20506 T20505 prep to,compared
R4883 T20507 T20508 nmod PGC,1α
R4884 T20508 T20510 nmod 1α,hepatocytes
R4885 T20651 T20650 punct ", ",were
R4886 T20509 T20508 punct -,1α
R4887 T20652 T20653 det the,expression
R4888 T20653 T20650 nsubj expression,were
R4889 T20510 T20506 pobj hepatocytes,to
R4890 T20654 T20653 amod hepatic,expression
R4891 T20655 T20653 prep of,expression
R4892 T20511 T20508 punct +,1α
R4893 T20656 T20657 compound PPAR,genes
R4894 T20657 T20655 pobj genes,of
R4895 T20512 T20508 punct /,1α
R4896 T20658 T20657 compound target,genes
R4897 T20659 T20657 acl involved,genes
R4898 T20660 T20659 prep in,involved
R4899 T20661 T20662 amod cellular,acid
R4900 T20662 T20660 pobj acid,in
R4901 T20513 T20508 punct +,1α
R4902 T20663 T20662 amod fatty,acid
R4903 T20664 T20662 cc and,acid
R4904 T20665 T20662 conj oxidation,acid
R4905 T20514 T20494 prep under,were
R4906 T20666 T20657 punct (,genes
R4907 T20667 T20657 appos MCPT,genes
R4908 T20668 T20667 cc and,MCPT
R4909 T20515 T20516 amod basal,conditions
R4910 T20669 T20667 conj MCAD,MCPT
R4911 T20670 T20650 punct ),were
R4912 T20516 T20514 pobj conditions,under
R4913 T20671 T20650 neg not,were
R4914 T20672 T20673 advmod significantly,different
R4915 T20673 T20650 acomp different,were
R4916 T20517 T20514 cc and,under
R4917 T20674 T20673 prep between,different
R4918 T20675 T20676 det the,genotypes
R4919 T20676 T20674 pobj genotypes,between
R4920 T20518 T20514 conj following,under
R4921 T20677 T20650 prep under,were
R4922 T20678 T20679 amod fed,conditions
R4923 T20679 T20677 pobj conditions,under
R4924 T20519 T20518 pobj exposure,following
R4925 T20680 T20678 cc or,fed
R4926 T20681 T20678 conj fasted,fed
R4927 T20520 T20519 prep to,exposure
R4928 T20682 T20683 punct (,Table
R4929 T20683 T20650 parataxis Table,were
R4930 T20684 T20683 nummod 2,Table
R4931 T20521 T20520 pobj oleate,to
R4932 T20685 T20683 punct ),Table
R4933 T20686 T20650 punct .,were
R4934 T20522 T20523 punct (,8B
R4935 T20688 T20689 advmod Next,performed
R4936 T20523 T20494 parataxis 8B,were
R4937 T20690 T20689 punct ", ",performed
R4938 T20691 T20689 nsubj we,performed
R4939 T20524 T20523 compound Figure,8B
R4940 T20692 T20689 dobj experiments,performed
R4941 T20693 T20694 aux to,determine
R4942 T20694 T20689 advcl determine,performed
R4943 T20525 T20523 punct ),8B
R4944 T20695 T20696 mark whether,related
R4945 T20696 T20694 ccomp related,determine
R4946 T20526 T20494 punct .,were
R4947 T20697 T20698 det the,capacity
R4948 T20698 T20696 nsubjpass capacity,related
R4949 T20528 T20529 advcl Taken,indicate
R4950 T20699 T20698 amod reduced,capacity
R4951 T20700 T20698 prep for,capacity
R4952 T20701 T20702 compound fat,oxidation
R4953 T20702 T20700 pobj oxidation,for
R4954 T20530 T20528 advmod together,Taken
R4955 T20703 T20698 prep in,capacity
R4956 T20704 T20705 det the,hepatocytes
R4957 T20705 T20703 pobj hepatocytes,in
R4958 T20706 T20705 prep of,hepatocytes
R4959 T20707 T20708 det the,mice
R4960 T20531 T20529 punct ", ",indicate
R4961 T20708 T20706 pobj mice,of
R4962 T20709 T20710 nmod PGC,1α
R4963 T20710 T20708 nmod 1α,mice
R4964 T20532 T20533 det these,results
R4965 T20711 T20710 punct -,1α
R4966 T20712 T20710 punct −,1α
R4967 T20713 T20710 punct /,1α
R4968 T20533 T20529 nsubj results,indicate
R4969 T20714 T20710 punct −,1α
R4970 T20715 T20696 auxpass was,related
R4971 T20716 T20696 prep to,related
R4972 T20534 T20533 amod latter,results
R4973 T20717 T20718 amod altered,function
R4974 T20718 T20716 pobj function,to
R4975 T20535 T20536 det a,defect
R4976 T20719 T20718 amod mitochondrial,function
R4977 T20720 T20718 amod respiratory,function
R4978 T20721 T20689 punct .,performed
R4979 T20536 T20529 dobj defect,indicate
R4980 T20723 T20724 prep Compared,exhibited
R4981 T20537 T20538 npadvmod cell,autonomous
R4982 T20725 T20723 prep to,Compared
R4983 T20726 T20727 det the,controls
R4984 T20538 T20536 amod autonomous,defect
R4985 T20539 T20538 punct -,autonomous
R4986 T20727 T20725 pobj controls,to
R4987 T20540 T20536 prep in,defect
R4988 T20728 T20727 compound WT,controls
R4989 T20729 T20724 punct ", ",exhibited
R4990 T20753 T20752 compound Figure,8C
R4991 T20730 T20731 nmod PGC,1α
R4992 T20731 T20733 nmod 1α,hepatocytes
R4993 T20732 T20731 punct -,1α
R4994 T20754 T20752 punct ),8C
R4995 T20733 T20724 nsubj hepatocytes,exhibited
R4996 T20734 T20731 punct −,1α
R4997 T20755 T20724 punct .,exhibited
R4998 T20735 T20731 punct /,1α
R4999 T20736 T20731 punct −,1α
R5000 T20737 T20738 det a,reduction
R5001 T20757 T20758 det These,results
R5002 T20738 T20724 dobj reduction,exhibited
R5003 T20739 T20738 amod modest,reduction
R5004 T20740 T20739 cc but,modest
R5005 T20741 T20739 conj significant,modest
R5006 T20742 T20738 prep in,reduction
R5007 T20743 T20744 preconj both,state
R5008 T20758 T20759 nsubj results,identify
R5009 T20744 T20745 nmod state,rates
R5010 T20745 T20742 pobj rates,in
R5011 T20746 T20744 nummod 2,state
R5012 T20760 T20761 nummod one,mechanism
R5013 T20747 T20744 cc and,state
R5014 T20748 T20744 conj state,state
R5015 T20749 T20748 nummod 3,state
R5016 T20750 T20745 compound respiration,rates
R5017 T20761 T20759 dobj mechanism,identify
R5018 T20751 T20752 punct (,8C
R5019 T20752 T20724 parataxis 8C,exhibited
R5020 T20762 T20761 amod potential,mechanism
R5021 T20763 T20761 amod responsible,mechanism
R5022 T20764 T20763 prep for,responsible
R5023 T20858 T20855 punct (,desaturase
R5024 T20859 T20855 appos SCD1,desaturase
R5025 T20765 T20766 det the,steatosis
R5026 T20860 T20837 punct ),abolished
R5027 T20861 T20837 punct ", ",abolished
R5028 T20766 T20764 pobj steatosis,for
R5029 T20862 T20837 auxpass was,abolished
R5030 T20863 T20837 prep in,abolished
R5031 T20864 T20865 nmod PGC,1α
R5032 T20767 T20768 npadvmod fasting,induced
R5033 T20865 T20867 nmod 1α,mice
R5034 T20866 T20865 punct -,1α
R5035 T20867 T20863 pobj mice,in
R5036 T20768 T20766 amod induced,steatosis
R5037 T20868 T20865 punct −,1α
R5038 T20869 T20865 punct /,1α
R5039 T20769 T20768 punct -,induced
R5040 T20870 T20865 punct −,1α
R5041 T20871 T20872 punct (,Table
R5042 T20872 T20837 parataxis Table,abolished
R5043 T20770 T20766 amod hepatic,steatosis
R5044 T20873 T20872 nummod 2,Table
R5045 T20874 T20872 punct ),Table
R5046 T20875 T20837 punct .,abolished
R5047 T20771 T20761 punct : ,mechanism
R5048 T20877 T20878 advmod Furthermore,activated
R5049 T20772 T20773 amod reduced,capacity
R5050 T20879 T20878 punct ", ",activated
R5051 T20880 T20878 nsubjpass expression,activated
R5052 T20773 T20761 appos capacity,mechanism
R5053 T20881 T20880 prep of,expression
R5054 T20882 T20883 det the,gene
R5055 T20883 T20881 pobj gene,of
R5056 T20884 T20883 acl encoding,gene
R5057 T20885 T20886 compound diglyceride,acyltransferase
R5058 T20774 T20773 prep for,capacity
R5059 T20886 T20884 dobj acyltransferase,encoding
R5060 T20887 T20886 punct (,acyltransferase
R5061 T20888 T20886 appos DGAT,acyltransferase
R5062 T20775 T20776 compound fat,oxidation
R5063 T20889 T20886 punct ),acyltransferase
R5064 T20890 T20886 punct ", ",acyltransferase
R5065 T20891 T20892 dep which,catalyzes
R5066 T20776 T20774 pobj oxidation,for
R5067 T20892 T20886 relcl catalyzes,acyltransferase
R5068 T20893 T20894 det the,step
R5069 T20894 T20892 dobj step,catalyzes
R5070 T20777 T20773 prep due,capacity
R5071 T20895 T20894 amod last,step
R5072 T20896 T20894 prep in,step
R5073 T20778 T20777 pcomp to,due
R5074 T20897 T20898 compound TAG,synthesis
R5075 T20779 T20780 amod mitochondrial,dysfunction
R5076 T20898 T20896 pobj synthesis,in
R5077 T20899 T20878 punct ", ",activated
R5078 T20780 T20777 pobj dysfunction,due
R5079 T20900 T20878 auxpass was,activated
R5080 T20901 T20878 prep at,activated
R5081 T20902 T20901 pobj baseline,at
R5082 T20781 T20780 amod respiratory,dysfunction
R5083 T20903 T20878 cc and,activated
R5084 T20904 T20878 conj induced,activated
R5085 T20905 T20904 agent by,induced
R5086 T20782 T20759 punct .,identify
R5087 T20906 T20905 pobj fasting,by
R5088 T20907 T20904 prep to,induced
R5089 T20784 T20785 mark Although,reveal
R5090 T20908 T20909 det a,level
R5091 T20909 T20907 pobj level,to
R5092 T20910 T20909 amod greater,level
R5093 T20911 T20904 prep in,induced
R5094 T20785 T20794 advcl reveal,noted
R5095 T20912 T20913 nmod PGC,1α
R5096 T20913 T20915 nmod 1α,mice
R5097 T20914 T20913 punct -,1α
R5098 T20915 T20911 pobj mice,in
R5099 T20786 T20787 det the,studies
R5100 T20916 T20913 punct −,1α
R5101 T20917 T20913 punct /,1α
R5102 T20787 T20785 nsubj studies,reveal
R5103 T20918 T20913 punct −,1α
R5104 T20919 T20920 punct (,Table
R5105 T20920 T20904 parataxis Table,induced
R5106 T20921 T20920 nummod 2,Table
R5107 T20922 T20920 punct ),Table
R5108 T20923 T20878 punct .,activated
R5109 T20788 T20789 compound liver,gene
R5110 T20925 T20926 det These,results
R5111 T20926 T20927 nsubj results,suggest
R5112 T20789 T20790 compound gene,profiling
R5113 T20928 T20929 mark that,activated
R5114 T20790 T20787 compound profiling,studies
R5115 T20929 T20927 ccomp activated,suggest
R5116 T20930 T20929 punct ", ",activated
R5117 T20931 T20929 prep in,activated
R5118 T20932 T20931 pobj addition,in
R5119 T20791 T20790 compound expression,profiling
R5120 T20933 T20932 prep to,addition
R5121 T20934 T20935 det a,defect
R5122 T20935 T20933 pobj defect,to
R5123 T20792 T20785 aux did,reveal
R5124 T20936 T20935 prep in,defect
R5125 T20937 T20936 pobj oxidation,in
R5126 T20793 T20785 neg not,reveal
R5127 T20938 T20929 punct ", ",activated
R5128 T20939 T20929 nsubjpass components,activated
R5129 T20940 T20939 prep of,components
R5130 T20795 T20785 dobj abnormalities,reveal
R5131 T20941 T20942 det the,pathway
R5132 T20942 T20940 pobj pathway,of
R5133 T20943 T20944 compound TAG,synthesis
R5134 T20944 T20942 compound synthesis,pathway
R5135 T20945 T20929 auxpass are,activated
R5136 T20796 T20795 prep in,abnormalities
R5137 T20946 T20929 prep in,activated
R5138 T20947 T20948 det the,mice
R5139 T20948 T20946 pobj mice,in
R5140 T20797 T20798 det the,pathway
R5141 T20949 T20950 nmod PGC,1α
R5142 T20950 T20948 nmod 1α,mice
R5143 T20951 T20950 punct -,1α
R5144 T20798 T20796 pobj pathway,in
R5145 T20952 T20950 punct −,1α
R5146 T20953 T20950 punct /,1α
R5147 T20954 T20950 punct −,1α
R5148 T20799 T20800 amod fatty,acid
R5149 T20955 T20927 punct .,suggest
R5150 T20957 T20958 aux To,evaluate
R5151 T20800 T20801 compound acid,oxidation
R5152 T20958 T20959 advcl evaluate,determined
R5153 T20960 T20961 det this,possibility
R5154 T20801 T20798 compound oxidation,pathway
R5155 T20961 T20958 dobj possibility,evaluate
R5156 T20962 T20958 advmod directly,evaluate
R5157 T20802 T20785 prep in,reveal
R5158 T20803 T20804 det the,mice
R5159 T20963 T20959 punct ", ",determined
R5160 T20964 T20959 nsubjpass rates,determined
R5161 T20965 T20964 prep of,rates
R5162 T20804 T20802 pobj mice,in
R5163 T20966 T20967 compound 3H,glycerol
R5164 T20967 T20969 compound glycerol,incorporation
R5165 T20968 T20967 punct -,glycerol
R5166 T20805 T20806 nmod PGC,1α
R5167 T20969 T20965 pobj incorporation,of
R5168 T20970 T20969 prep into,incorporation
R5169 T20806 T20804 nmod 1α,mice
R5170 T20971 T20970 pobj TAG,into
R5171 T20972 T20959 auxpass were,determined
R5172 T20973 T20959 prep in,determined
R5173 T20974 T20975 amod isolated,hepatocytes
R5174 T20807 T20806 punct -,1α
R5175 T20975 T20973 pobj hepatocytes,in
R5176 T20976 T20959 punct .,determined
R5177 T20808 T20806 punct −,1α
R5178 T20978 T20979 compound 3H,TAG
R5179 T20979 T20981 compound TAG,incorporation
R5180 T20809 T20806 punct /,1α
R5181 T20980 T20979 punct -,TAG
R5182 T20981 T20982 nsubjpass incorporation,increased
R5183 T20810 T20806 punct −,1α
R5184 T20983 T20982 auxpass was,increased
R5185 T20811 T20794 punct ", ",noted
R5186 T20984 T20985 advmod nearly,50
R5187 T20985 T20986 nummod 50,%
R5188 T20812 T20813 amod several,differences
R5189 T20986 T20982 npadvmod %,increased
R5190 T20987 T20982 prep in,increased
R5191 T20988 T20987 pobj hepatocytes,in
R5192 T20813 T20794 nsubjpass differences,noted
R5193 T20989 T20988 acl isolated,hepatocytes
R5194 T20990 T20989 prep from,isolated
R5195 T20991 T20992 nmod PGC,1α
R5196 T20814 T20813 amod interesting,differences
R5197 T20992 T20994 nmod 1α,mice
R5198 T20993 T20992 punct -,1α
R5199 T20815 T20813 prep in,differences
R5200 T20994 T20990 pobj mice,from
R5201 T20995 T20992 punct −,1α
R5202 T20996 T20992 punct /,1α
R5203 T20816 T20817 det the,activity
R5204 T20997 T20992 punct −,1α
R5205 T20998 T20982 prep compared,increased
R5206 T20999 T20998 prep to,compared
R5207 T20817 T20815 pobj activity,in
R5208 T21000 T21001 nmod PGC,1α
R5209 T21001 T21003 nmod 1α,controls
R5210 T21002 T21001 punct -,1α
R5211 T21003 T20999 pobj controls,to
R5212 T21004 T21001 punct +,1α
R5213 T20818 T20817 prep of,activity
R5214 T21005 T21001 punct /,1α
R5215 T21006 T21001 punct +,1α
R5216 T21007 T21008 punct (,8D
R5217 T21008 T20982 parataxis 8D,increased
R5218 T20819 T20820 det the,pathway
R5219 T21009 T21008 compound Figure,8D
R5220 T20820 T20818 pobj pathway,of
R5221 T21010 T21008 punct ),8D
R5222 T21011 T20982 punct ", ",increased
R5223 T21012 T20982 advcl confirming,increased
R5224 T21013 T21014 mark that,increased
R5225 T21014 T21012 ccomp increased,confirming
R5226 T20821 T20822 nmod sterol,protein
R5227 T21015 T21016 compound TAG,synthesis
R5228 T21016 T21017 compound synthesis,rates
R5229 T21017 T21014 nsubjpass rates,increased
R5230 T20822 T20826 nmod protein,1c
R5231 T21018 T21014 auxpass are,increased
R5232 T21019 T21014 prep in,increased
R5233 T21020 T21021 compound PGC,1α
R5234 T20823 T20822 amod regulatory,protein
R5235 T21021 T21023 npadvmod 1α,null
R5236 T21022 T21021 punct -,1α
R5237 T21023 T21024 amod null,hepatocytes
R5238 T20824 T20822 nmod element,protein
R5239 T21024 T21019 pobj hepatocytes,in
R5240 T21025 T21014 punct ", ",increased
R5241 T21026 T21014 advcl identifying,increased
R5242 T20825 T20822 nmod binding,protein
R5243 T21027 T21028 det a,mechanism
R5244 T21028 T21026 dobj mechanism,identifying
R5245 T21029 T21028 amod second,mechanism
R5246 T20826 T20820 nmod 1c,pathway
R5247 T21030 T21028 amod potential,mechanism
R5248 T21031 T21028 acl contributing,mechanism
R5249 T21032 T21031 prep to,contributing
R5250 T20827 T20826 punct -,1c
R5251 T21033 T21034 det the,steatosis
R5252 T21034 T21032 pobj steatosis,to
R5253 T20828 T20826 punct (,1c
R5254 T20829 T20830 compound SREBP,1c
R5255 T21035 T21036 npadvmod fasting,induced
R5256 T20830 T20826 appos 1c,1c
R5257 T21036 T21034 amod induced,steatosis
R5258 T21037 T21036 punct -,induced
R5259 T20831 T20830 punct -,1c
R5260 T21038 T21034 amod hepatic,steatosis
R5261 T21039 T20982 punct .,increased
R5262 T20832 T20820 punct ),pathway
R5263 T20833 T20794 auxpass were,noted
R5264 T20834 T20794 punct .,noted
R5265 T20836 T20837 advmod Specifically,abolished
R5266 T20838 T20837 punct ", ",abolished
R5267 T20839 T20840 det the,regulation
R5268 T20840 T20837 nsubjpass regulation,abolished
R5269 T20841 T20842 npadvmod fasting,mediated
R5270 T20842 T20840 amod mediated,regulation
R5271 T20843 T20842 punct -,mediated
R5272 T20844 T20840 compound down,regulation
R5273 T20845 T20840 punct -,regulation
R5274 T20846 T20840 prep of,regulation
R5275 T20847 T20848 compound SREBP,1c
R5276 T20848 T20846 pobj 1c,of
R5277 T20849 T20848 punct -,1c
R5278 T20850 T20848 cc and,1c
R5279 T20851 T20852 poss its,gene
R5280 T20852 T20848 conj gene,1c
R5281 T20853 T20852 compound target,gene
R5282 T20854 T20855 compound stearoyl,desaturase
R5283 T20855 T20852 appos desaturase,gene
R5284 T20856 T20855 punct -,desaturase
R5285 T20857 T20855 compound CoA,desaturase
R5286 T22539 T22540 prep Despite,Exhibit
R5287 T22541 T22542 det a,Phenotype
R5288 T22542 T22539 pobj Phenotype,Despite
R5289 T22543 T22544 amod Mild,Obese
R5290 T22544 T22542 amod Obese,Phenotype
R5291 T22545 T22540 punct ", ",Exhibit
R5292 T22546 T22547 amod Female,Mice
R5293 T22547 T22540 nsubj Mice,Exhibit
R5294 T22548 T22549 nmod PGC,1α
R5295 T22549 T22547 nmod 1α,Mice
R5296 T22550 T22549 punct -,1α
R5297 T22551 T22549 punct −,1α
R5298 T22552 T22549 punct /,1α
R5299 T22553 T22549 punct −,1α
R5300 T22554 T22540 aux Do,Exhibit
R5301 T22555 T22540 neg Not,Exhibit
R5302 T22556 T22557 compound Insulin,Resistance
R5303 T22557 T22540 dobj Resistance,Exhibit
R5304 T22559 T22560 amod Recent,studies
R5305 T22560 T22561 nsubj studies,suggested
R5306 T22562 T22561 aux have,suggested
R5307 T22563 T22564 mark that,influence
R5308 T22564 T22561 advcl influence,suggested
R5309 T22565 T22566 amod specific,1α
R5310 T22566 T22564 nsubj 1α,influence
R5311 T22567 T22566 compound PGC,1α
R5312 T22568 T22566 punct -,1α
R5313 T22569 T22570 amod single,nucleotide
R5314 T22570 T22571 compound nucleotide,polymorphisms
R5315 T22571 T22566 appos polymorphisms,1α
R5316 T22572 T22571 cc and,polymorphisms
R5317 T22573 T22571 conj haplotypes,polymorphisms
R5318 T22574 T22564 aux may,influence
R5319 T22575 T22576 det the,development
R5320 T22576 T22564 dobj development,influence
R5321 T22577 T22576 prep of,development
R5322 T22578 T22579 compound insulin,resistance
R5323 T22579 T22577 pobj resistance,of
R5324 T22580 T22579 cc and,resistance
R5325 T22581 T22579 conj diabetes,resistance
R5326 T22582 T22583 punct [,30
R5327 T22583 T22564 parataxis 30,influence
R5328 T22584 T22583 nummod 27,30
R5329 T22585 T22583 punct ",",30
R5330 T22586 T22583 punct ],30
R5331 T22587 T22564 cc and,influence
R5332 T22588 T22589 mark that,diminished
R5333 T22589 T22564 conj diminished,influence
R5334 T22590 T22591 nmod PGC,activity
R5335 T22591 T22589 nsubjpass activity,diminished
R5336 T22592 T22590 punct -,PGC
R5337 T22593 T22590 nummod 1,PGC
R5338 T22594 T22589 auxpass is,diminished
R5339 T22595 T22589 prep in,diminished
R5340 T22596 T22597 npadvmod insulin,resistant
R5341 T22597 T22599 amod resistant,muscle
R5342 T22598 T22597 punct -,resistant
R5343 T22599 T22595 pobj muscle,in
R5344 T22600 T22597 cc and,resistant
R5345 T22601 T22597 conj diabetic,resistant
R5346 T22602 T22603 punct [,23
R5347 T22603 T22589 parataxis 23,diminished
R5348 T22604 T22603 nummod 22,23
R5349 T22605 T22603 punct ",",23
R5350 T22606 T22603 punct ],23
R5351 T22607 T22561 punct .,suggested
R5352 T22609 T22610 advmod Accordingly,examined
R5353 T22611 T22610 punct ", ",examined
R5354 T22612 T22613 amod peripheral,disposal
R5355 T22613 T22610 nsubjpass disposal,examined
R5356 T22614 T22613 compound glucose,disposal
R5357 T22615 T22613 cc and,disposal
R5358 T22616 T22617 compound insulin,responsiveness
R5359 T22617 T22613 conj responsiveness,disposal
R5360 T22618 T22610 auxpass were,examined
R5361 T22619 T22610 prep in,examined
R5362 T22620 T22621 nmod PGC,1α
R5363 T22621 T22623 nmod 1α,mice
R5364 T22622 T22621 punct -,1α
R5365 T22623 T22619 pobj mice,in
R5366 T22624 T22621 punct −,1α
R5367 T22625 T22621 punct /,1α
R5368 T22626 T22621 punct −,1α
R5369 T22627 T22610 punct .,examined
R5370 T22629 T22630 compound Glucose,tolerance
R5371 T22630 T22631 compound tolerance,testing
R5372 T22631 T22632 nsubj testing,revealed
R5373 T22633 T22631 prep of,testing
R5374 T22634 T22635 nummod 2,mo
R5375 T22635 T22637 npadvmod mo,old
R5376 T22636 T22635 punct -,mo
R5377 T22637 T22639 amod old,mice
R5378 T22638 T22637 punct -,old
R5379 T22639 T22633 pobj mice,of
R5380 T22640 T22639 amod male,mice
R5381 T22641 T22640 cc and,male
R5382 T22642 T22640 conj female,male
R5383 T22643 T22644 det no,difference
R5384 T22644 T22632 dobj difference,revealed
R5385 T22645 T22644 amod significant,difference
R5386 T22646 T22644 prep in,difference
R5387 T22647 T22648 compound blood,glucose
R5388 T22648 T22649 compound glucose,excursion
R5389 T22649 T22646 pobj excursion,in
R5390 T22650 T22644 prep between,difference
R5391 T22651 T22652 nmod PGC,1α
R5392 T22652 T22654 nmod 1α,groups
R5393 T22653 T22652 punct -,1α
R5394 T22654 T22650 pobj groups,between
R5395 T22655 T22652 punct +,1α
R5396 T22656 T22652 punct /,1α
R5397 T22657 T22652 punct +,1α
R5398 T22658 T22652 cc and,1α
R5399 T22659 T22660 compound PGC,1α
R5400 T22660 T22652 conj 1α,1α
R5401 T22661 T22660 punct -,1α
R5402 T22662 T22660 punct −,1α
R5403 T22663 T22660 punct /,1α
R5404 T22664 T22660 punct −,1α
R5405 T22665 T22666 punct (,data
R5406 T22666 T22632 meta data,revealed
R5407 T22667 T22666 amod unpublished,data
R5408 T22668 T22666 punct ),data
R5409 T22669 T22632 punct .,revealed
R5410 T22671 T22672 prep Given,evaluated
R5411 T22673 T22674 mark that,develop
R5412 T22674 T22671 pcomp develop,Given
R5413 T22675 T22676 amod older,mice
R5414 T22676 T22674 nsubj mice,develop
R5415 T22677 T22676 amod female,mice
R5416 T22678 T22679 nmod PGC,1α
R5417 T22679 T22676 nmod 1α,mice
R5418 T22680 T22679 punct -,1α
R5419 T22681 T22679 punct −,1α
R5420 T22682 T22679 punct /,1α
R5421 T22683 T22679 punct −,1α
R5422 T22684 T22685 det an,increase
R5423 T22685 T22674 dobj increase,develop
R5424 T22686 T22685 prep in,increase
R5425 T22687 T22688 compound body,fat
R5426 T22688 T22689 compound fat,stores
R5427 T22689 T22686 pobj stores,in
R5428 T22690 T22672 punct ", ",evaluated
R5429 T22691 T22692 compound glucose,tolerance
R5430 T22692 T22672 nsubjpass tolerance,evaluated
R5431 T22693 T22692 cc and,tolerance
R5432 T22694 T22695 compound insulin,responsiveness
R5433 T22695 T22692 conj responsiveness,tolerance
R5434 T22696 T22672 auxpass were,evaluated
R5435 T22697 T22672 advmod further,evaluated
R5436 T22698 T22672 prep in,evaluated
R5437 T22699 T22700 det this,group
R5438 T22700 T22698 pobj group,in
R5439 T22701 T22672 punct .,evaluated
R5440 T22703 T22704 compound Glucose,tolerance
R5441 T22704 T22705 compound tolerance,testing
R5442 T22705 T22706 nsubj testing,revealed
R5443 T22707 T22705 prep in,testing
R5444 T22708 T22709 nummod 4.5,mo
R5445 T22709 T22711 npadvmod mo,old
R5446 T22710 T22709 punct -,mo
R5447 T22711 T22713 amod old,mice
R5448 T22712 T22711 punct -,old
R5449 T22713 T22707 pobj mice,in
R5450 T22714 T22713 amod female,mice
R5451 T22715 T22716 nmod PGC,1α
R5452 T22716 T22713 nmod 1α,mice
R5453 T22717 T22716 punct -,1α
R5454 T22718 T22716 punct −,1α
R5455 T22719 T22716 punct /,1α
R5456 T22720 T22716 punct −,1α
R5457 T22721 T22722 mark that,exhibited
R5458 T22722 T22706 ccomp exhibited,revealed
R5459 T22723 T22722 punct ", ",exhibited
R5460 T22724 T22722 prep despite,exhibited
R5461 T22725 T22726 amod increased,weight
R5462 T22726 T22724 pobj weight,despite
R5463 T22727 T22726 compound body,weight
R5464 T22728 T22729 punct [,g
R5465 T22729 T22726 parataxis g,weight
R5466 T22730 T22731 nmod mean,weight
R5467 T22731 T22741 nsubj weight,g
R5468 T22732 T22730 punct ±,mean
R5469 T22733 T22734 amod standard,error
R5470 T22734 T22730 appos error,mean
R5471 T22735 T22734 prep of,error
R5472 T22736 T22737 det the,mean
R5473 T22737 T22735 pobj mean,of
R5474 T22738 T22734 punct (,error
R5475 T22739 T22734 appos SEM,error
R5476 T22740 T22731 punct ),weight
R5477 T22741 T22729 ccomp g,g
R5478 T22742 T22731 prep of,weight
R5479 T22743 T22744 nmod PGC,1α
R5480 T22744 T22746 nmod 1α,mice
R5481 T22745 T22743 punct -,PGC
R5482 T22746 T22742 pobj mice,of
R5483 T22747 T22744 punct +,1α
R5484 T22748 T22744 punct /,1α
R5485 T22749 T22744 punct +,1α
R5486 T22750 T22741 punct =,g
R5487 T22751 T22752 quantmod 22.4,0.79
R5488 T22752 T22741 nummod 0.79,g
R5489 T22753 T22752 punct ±,0.79
R5490 T22754 T22729 punct ;,g
R5491 T22755 T22756 nmod PGC,1α
R5492 T22756 T22758 nmod 1α,mice
R5493 T22757 T22756 punct -,1α
R5494 T22758 T22729 dep mice,g
R5495 T22759 T22756 punct −,1α
R5496 T22760 T22756 punct /,1α
R5497 T22761 T22756 punct −,1α
R5498 T22762 T22729 punct =,g
R5499 T22763 T22764 quantmod 25.2,1.04
R5500 T22764 T22729 nummod 1.04,g
R5501 T22765 T22764 punct ±,1.04
R5502 T22766 T22722 punct ),exhibited
R5503 T22767 T22722 punct ", ",exhibited
R5504 T22768 T22769 nmod PGC,1α
R5505 T22769 T22771 nmod 1α,mice
R5506 T22770 T22769 punct -,1α
R5507 T22771 T22722 nsubj mice,exhibited
R5508 T22772 T22769 punct −,1α
R5509 T22773 T22769 punct /,1α
R5510 T22774 T22769 punct −,1α
R5511 T22775 T22776 amod similar,levels
R5512 T22776 T22722 dobj levels,exhibited
R5513 T22777 T22776 prep of,levels
R5514 T22778 T22779 compound glucose,tolerance
R5515 T22779 T22777 pobj tolerance,of
R5516 T22780 T22776 prep compared,levels
R5517 T22781 T22780 prep to,compared
R5518 T22782 T22783 compound WT,mice
R5519 T22783 T22781 pobj mice,to
R5520 T22784 T22783 prep on,mice
R5521 T22785 T22786 amod standard,chow
R5522 T22786 T22784 pobj chow,on
R5523 T22787 T22786 compound rodent,chow
R5524 T22788 T22789 punct (,Figure
R5525 T22789 T22722 parataxis Figure,exhibited
R5526 T22790 T22789 nummod 9,Figure
R5527 T22791 T22789 punct ),Figure
R5528 T22792 T22706 punct .,revealed
R5529 T22794 T22795 aux To,examine
R5530 T22795 T22796 advcl examine,placed
R5531 T22797 T22798 compound glucose,homeostasis
R5532 T22798 T22795 dobj homeostasis,examine
R5533 T22799 T22798 prep in,homeostasis
R5534 T22800 T22799 pobj response,in
R5535 T22801 T22800 prep to,response
R5536 T22802 T22803 amod high,fat
R5537 T22803 T22805 compound fat,diet
R5538 T22804 T22803 punct -,fat
R5539 T22805 T22801 pobj diet,to
R5540 T22806 T22796 punct ", ",placed
R5541 T22807 T22808 amod female,mice
R5542 T22808 T22796 nsubjpass mice,placed
R5543 T22809 T22810 nmod PGC,1α
R5544 T22810 T22808 nmod 1α,mice
R5545 T22811 T22810 punct -,1α
R5546 T22812 T22810 punct +,1α
R5547 T22813 T22810 punct /,1α
R5548 T22814 T22810 punct +,1α
R5549 T22815 T22810 cc and,1α
R5550 T22816 T22817 compound PGC,1α
R5551 T22817 T22810 conj 1α,1α
R5552 T22818 T22817 punct -,1α
R5553 T22819 T22817 punct −,1α
R5554 T22820 T22817 punct /,1α
R5555 T22821 T22817 punct −,1α
R5556 T22822 T22796 auxpass were,placed
R5557 T22823 T22796 prep on,placed
R5558 T22824 T22825 amod high,fat
R5559 T22825 T22827 compound fat,chow
R5560 T22826 T22825 punct -,fat
R5561 T22827 T22823 pobj chow,on
R5562 T22828 T22829 punct (,calories
R5563 T22829 T22796 parataxis calories,placed
R5564 T22830 T22831 nummod 43,%
R5565 T22831 T22829 compound %,calories
R5566 T22832 T22829 prep from,calories
R5567 T22833 T22832 pobj fat,from
R5568 T22834 T22829 punct ),calories
R5569 T22835 T22796 prep for,placed
R5570 T22836 T22837 nummod 6,wk
R5571 T22837 T22835 pobj wk,for
R5572 T22838 T22796 advcl starting,placed
R5573 T22839 T22838 prep at,starting
R5574 T22840 T22841 nummod 8,wk
R5575 T22841 T22839 pobj wk,at
R5576 T22842 T22841 prep of,wk
R5577 T22843 T22842 pobj age,of
R5578 T22844 T22796 punct .,placed
R5579 T22846 T22847 det The,weight
R5580 T22847 T22848 nsubj weight,was
R5581 T22849 T22847 acl gained,weight
R5582 T22850 T22849 prep on,gained
R5583 T22851 T22852 det the,diet
R5584 T22852 T22850 pobj diet,on
R5585 T22853 T22854 amod high,fat
R5586 T22854 T22852 compound fat,diet
R5587 T22855 T22854 punct -,fat
R5588 T22856 T22848 acomp similar,was
R5589 T22857 T22848 prep for,was
R5590 T22858 T22859 det the,groups
R5591 T22859 T22857 pobj groups,for
R5592 T22860 T22861 nmod PGC,1α
R5593 T22861 T22859 nmod 1α,groups
R5594 T22862 T22861 punct -,1α
R5595 T22863 T22861 punct +,1α
R5596 T22864 T22861 punct /,1α
R5597 T22865 T22861 punct +,1α
R5598 T22866 T22861 cc and,1α
R5599 T22867 T22868 compound PGC,1α
R5600 T22868 T22861 conj 1α,1α
R5601 T22869 T22868 punct -,1α
R5602 T22870 T22868 punct −,1α
R5603 T22871 T22868 punct /,1α
R5604 T22872 T22868 punct −,1α
R5605 T22873 T22874 punct (,S3
R5606 T22874 T22848 parataxis S3,was
R5607 T22875 T22874 compound Figure,S3
R5608 T22876 T22874 punct ),S3
R5609 T22877 T22848 punct .,was
R5610 T22879 T22880 advmod Surprisingly,were
R5611 T22881 T22880 punct ", ",were
R5612 T22882 T22883 det the,mice
R5613 T22883 T22880 nsubj mice,were
R5614 T22884 T22885 nmod PGC,1α
R5615 T22885 T22883 nmod 1α,mice
R5616 T22886 T22885 punct -,1α
R5617 T22887 T22885 punct −,1α
R5618 T22888 T22885 punct /,1α
R5619 T22889 T22885 punct −,1α
R5620 T22890 T22883 prep on,mice
R5621 T22891 T22892 det a,diet
R5622 T22892 T22890 pobj diet,on
R5623 T22893 T22894 amod high,fat
R5624 T22894 T22892 compound fat,diet
R5625 T22895 T22894 punct -,fat
R5626 T22896 T22897 advmod significantly,more
R5627 T22897 T22898 advmod more,tolerant
R5628 T22898 T22880 acomp tolerant,were
R5629 T22899 T22898 npadvmod glucose,tolerant
R5630 T22900 T22898 punct -,tolerant
R5631 T22901 T22898 cc and,tolerant
R5632 T22902 T22903 npadvmod insulin,sensitive
R5633 T22903 T22898 conj sensitive,tolerant
R5634 T22904 T22903 punct -,sensitive
R5635 T22905 T22880 prep compared,were
R5636 T22906 T22905 prep to,compared
R5637 T22907 T22908 det the,mice
R5638 T22908 T22906 pobj mice,to
R5639 T22909 T22910 nmod PGC,1α
R5640 T22910 T22908 nmod 1α,mice
R5641 T22911 T22910 punct -,1α
R5642 T22912 T22910 punct +,1α
R5643 T22913 T22910 punct /,1α
R5644 T22914 T22910 punct +,1α
R5645 T22915 T22916 punct (,9B
R5646 T22916 T22880 parataxis 9B,were
R5647 T22917 T22916 compound Figure,9B
R5648 T22918 T22916 punct ),9B
R5649 T22919 T22880 punct .,were
R5650 T22921 T22922 advcl Taken,indicate
R5651 T22923 T22921 advmod together,Taken
R5652 T22924 T22922 punct ", ",indicate
R5653 T22925 T22926 det these,results
R5654 T22926 T22922 nsubj results,indicate
R5655 T22927 T22928 mark that,exhibit
R5656 T22928 T22922 ccomp exhibit,indicate
R5657 T22929 T22928 punct ", ",exhibit
R5658 T22930 T22928 prep despite,exhibit
R5659 T22931 T22932 amod excess,fat
R5660 T22932 T22930 pobj fat,despite
R5661 T22933 T22932 compound body,fat
R5662 T22934 T22932 prep under,fat
R5663 T22935 T22936 amod standard,conditions
R5664 T22936 T22934 pobj conditions,under
R5665 T22937 T22928 punct ", ",exhibit
R5666 T22938 T22939 det the,mice
R5667 T22939 T22928 nsubj mice,exhibit
R5668 T22940 T22939 amod female,mice
R5669 T22941 T22942 nmod PGC,1α
R5670 T22942 T22939 nmod 1α,mice
R5671 T22943 T22942 punct -,1α
R5672 T22944 T22942 punct −,1α
R5673 T22945 T22942 punct /,1α
R5674 T22946 T22942 punct −,1α
R5675 T22947 T22928 aux do,exhibit
R5676 T22948 T22928 neg not,exhibit
R5677 T22949 T22950 compound insulin,resistance
R5678 T22950 T22928 dobj resistance,exhibit
R5679 T22951 T22922 punct .,indicate
R5680 T22953 T22954 advmod Moreover,are
R5681 T22955 T22954 punct ", ",are
R5682 T22956 T22957 det the,mice
R5683 T22957 T22954 nsubj mice,are
R5684 T22958 T22959 nmod PGC,1α
R5685 T22959 T22957 nmod 1α,mice
R5686 T22960 T22959 punct -,1α
R5687 T22961 T22959 punct −,1α
R5688 T22962 T22959 punct /,1α
R5689 T22963 T22959 punct −,1α
R5690 T22964 T22965 advmod more,tolerant
R5691 T22965 T22954 acomp tolerant,are
R5692 T22966 T22965 npadvmod glucose,tolerant
R5693 T22967 T22965 punct -,tolerant
R5694 T22968 T22965 cc and,tolerant
R5695 T22969 T22970 npadvmod insulin,sensitive
R5696 T22970 T22965 conj sensitive,tolerant
R5697 T22971 T22970 punct -,sensitive
R5698 T22972 T22965 prep than,tolerant
R5699 T22973 T22974 compound WT,mice
R5700 T22974 T22972 pobj mice,than
R5701 T22975 T22974 prep on,mice
R5702 T22976 T22977 det a,diet
R5703 T22977 T22975 pobj diet,on
R5704 T22978 T22979 amod high,fat
R5705 T22979 T22977 compound fat,diet
R5706 T22980 T22979 punct -,fat
R5707 T22981 T22954 punct .,are
R5710 T24084 T24085 amod Structural,Abnormalities
R5711 T24086 T24085 prep of,Abnormalities
R5712 T24087 T24088 det the,System
R5713 T24088 T24086 pobj System,of
R5714 T24089 T24088 amod Central,System
R5715 T24090 T24088 amod Nervous,System
R5716 T24091 T24085 prep in,Abnormalities
R5717 T24092 T24093 nmod PGC,1α
R5718 T24093 T24095 nmod 1α,Mice
R5719 T24094 T24093 punct -,1α
R5720 T24095 T24091 pobj Mice,in
R5721 T24096 T24093 punct −,1α
R5722 T24097 T24093 punct /,1α
R5723 T24098 T24093 punct −,1α
R5724 T24100 T24101 prep In,observed
R5725 T24102 T24100 pcomp surveying,In
R5726 T24103 T24104 det the,tissues
R5727 T24104 T24102 dobj tissues,surveying
R5728 T24105 T24104 prep of,tissues
R5729 T24106 T24107 det the,mice
R5730 T24107 T24105 pobj mice,of
R5731 T24108 T24109 nmod PGC,1α
R5732 T24109 T24107 nmod 1α,mice
R5733 T24110 T24109 punct -,1α
R5734 T24111 T24109 punct −,1α
R5735 T24112 T24109 punct /,1α
R5736 T24113 T24109 punct −,1α
R5737 T24114 T24101 punct ", ",observed
R5738 T24115 T24116 amod structural,abnormalities
R5739 T24116 T24101 nsubjpass abnormalities,observed
R5740 T24117 T24116 prep of,abnormalities
R5741 T24118 T24119 det the,brain
R5742 T24119 T24117 pobj brain,of
R5743 T24120 T24101 auxpass were,observed
R5744 T24121 T24101 punct .,observed
R5745 T24123 T24124 npadvmod Light,microscopic
R5746 T24124 T24125 amod microscopic,examination
R5747 T24125 T24126 nsubj examination,demonstrated
R5748 T24127 T24125 prep of,examination
R5749 T24128 T24129 nmod PGC,1α
R5750 T24129 T24131 nmod 1α,samples
R5751 T24130 T24129 punct -,1α
R5752 T24131 T24127 pobj samples,of
R5753 T24132 T24129 punct −,1α
R5754 T24133 T24129 punct /,1α
R5755 T24134 T24129 punct −,1α
R5756 T24135 T24136 compound brain,tissue
R5757 T24136 T24131 compound tissue,samples
R5758 T24137 T24138 det a,complement
R5759 T24138 T24126 dobj complement,demonstrated
R5760 T24139 T24140 advmod well,preserved
R5761 T24140 T24138 amod preserved,complement
R5762 T24141 T24140 punct -,preserved
R5763 T24142 T24143 amod cerebral,cortical
R5764 T24143 T24138 nmod cortical,complement
R5765 T24144 T24138 amod neuronal,complement
R5766 T24145 T24126 punct ", ",demonstrated
R5767 T24146 T24147 det a,result
R5768 T24147 T24126 npadvmod result,demonstrated
R5769 T24148 T24147 acl confirmed,result
R5770 T24149 T24148 agent by,confirmed
R5771 T24150 T24149 pobj measurement,by
R5772 T24151 T24150 prep of,measurement
R5773 T24152 T24153 compound neuron,density
R5774 T24153 T24151 pobj density,of
R5775 T24154 T24150 prep in,measurement
R5776 T24155 T24154 pobj sections,in
R5777 T24156 T24155 prep of,sections
R5778 T24157 T24158 det the,lobe
R5779 T24158 T24156 pobj lobe,of
R5780 T24159 T24158 amod parietal,lobe
R5781 T24160 T24161 punct (,significant
R5782 T24161 T24148 parataxis significant,confirmed
R5783 T24162 T24163 compound PGC,1α
R5784 T24163 T24165 dep 1α,neurons
R5785 T24164 T24163 punct -,1α
R5786 T24165 T24161 dep neurons,significant
R5787 T24166 T24163 punct +,1α
R5788 T24167 T24163 punct /,1α
R5789 T24168 T24163 punct +,1α
R5790 T24169 T24165 punct ", ",neurons
R5791 T24170 T24171 quantmod "1,261",91
R5792 T24171 T24165 nummod 91,neurons
R5793 T24172 T24171 punct ±,91
R5794 T24173 T24174 punct /,mm2
R5795 T24174 T24165 prep mm2,neurons
R5796 T24175 T24165 cc versus,neurons
R5797 T24176 T24177 compound PGC,1α
R5798 T24177 T24179 dep 1α,neurons
R5799 T24178 T24177 punct -,1α
R5800 T24179 T24165 conj neurons,neurons
R5801 T24180 T24177 punct −,1α
R5802 T24181 T24177 punct /,1α
R5803 T24182 T24177 punct −,1α
R5804 T24183 T24179 punct ", ",neurons
R5805 T24184 T24185 quantmod "1,299",82
R5806 T24185 T24179 nummod 82,neurons
R5807 T24186 T24185 punct ±,82
R5808 T24187 T24188 punct /,mm2
R5809 T24188 T24179 prep mm2,neurons
R5810 T24189 T24161 punct ;,significant
R5811 T24190 T24161 neg not,significant
R5812 T24191 T24161 punct ),significant
R5813 T24192 T24126 punct .,demonstrated
R5814 T24194 T24195 amod Patchy,areas
R5815 T24195 T24196 nsubjpass areas,noted
R5816 T24197 T24195 prep of,areas
R5817 T24198 T24197 pobj microvacuolation,of
R5818 T24199 T24195 acl involving,areas
R5819 T24200 T24201 det the,neuropil
R5820 T24201 T24199 dobj neuropil,involving
R5821 T24202 T24201 cc and,neuropil
R5822 T24203 T24204 amod individual,neurons
R5823 T24204 T24201 conj neurons,neuropil
R5824 T24205 T24204 amod pyramidal,neurons
R5825 T24206 T24204 prep of,neurons
R5826 T24207 T24208 det the,layers
R5827 T24208 T24206 pobj layers,of
R5828 T24209 T24208 amod deep,layers
R5829 T24210 T24208 prep of,layers
R5830 T24211 T24212 det the,cortex
R5831 T24212 T24210 pobj cortex,of
R5832 T24213 T24212 amod cerebral,cortex
R5833 T24214 T24196 auxpass were,noted
R5834 T24215 T24196 prep in,noted
R5835 T24216 T24217 det the,mice
R5836 T24217 T24215 pobj mice,in
R5837 T24218 T24219 nmod PGC,1α
R5838 T24219 T24217 nmod 1α,mice
R5839 T24220 T24219 punct -,1α
R5840 T24221 T24219 punct −,1α
R5841 T24222 T24219 punct /,1α
R5842 T24223 T24219 punct −,1α
R5843 T24224 T24217 cc but,mice
R5844 T24225 T24224 neg not,but
R5845 T24226 T24227 det the,mice
R5846 T24227 T24217 conj mice,mice
R5847 T24228 T24229 nmod PGC,1α
R5848 T24229 T24227 nmod 1α,mice
R5849 T24230 T24229 punct -,1α
R5850 T24231 T24229 punct +,1α
R5851 T24232 T24229 punct /,1α
R5852 T24233 T24229 punct +,1α
R5853 T24234 T24235 punct (,10A
R5854 T24235 T24196 parataxis 10A,noted
R5855 T24236 T24235 compound Figure,10A
R5856 T24237 T24235 punct ),10A
R5857 T24238 T24196 punct .,noted
R5858 T24240 T24241 nsubj Immunolocalization,failed
R5859 T24242 T24240 prep of,Immunolocalization
R5860 T24243 T24244 det an,marker
R5861 T24244 T24242 pobj marker,of
R5862 T24245 T24244 amod astrocytic,marker
R5863 T24246 T24244 punct ", ",marker
R5864 T24247 T24248 amod glial,protein
R5865 T24248 T24244 appos protein,marker
R5866 T24249 T24248 amod fibrillary,protein
R5867 T24250 T24248 amod acidic,protein
R5868 T24251 T24241 punct ", ",failed
R5869 T24252 T24253 aux to,show
R5870 T24253 T24241 xcomp show,failed
R5871 T24254 T24255 det an,increase
R5872 T24255 T24253 dobj increase,show
R5873 T24256 T24255 prep in,increase
R5874 T24257 T24256 pobj numbers,in
R5875 T24258 T24257 prep of,numbers
R5876 T24259 T24260 amod astrocytic,processes
R5877 T24260 T24258 pobj processes,of
R5878 T24261 T24253 prep in,show
R5879 T24262 T24263 nmod PGC,1α
R5880 T24263 T24265 nmod 1α,cortex
R5881 T24264 T24263 punct -,1α
R5882 T24265 T24261 pobj cortex,in
R5883 T24266 T24263 punct −,1α
R5884 T24267 T24263 punct /,1α
R5885 T24268 T24263 punct −,1α
R5886 T24269 T24265 nmod mouse,cortex
R5887 T24270 T24265 amod cerebral,cortex
R5888 T24271 T24272 punct (,data
R5889 T24272 T24241 meta data,failed
R5890 T24273 T24272 amod unpublished,data
R5891 T24274 T24272 punct ),data
R5892 T24275 T24241 punct .,failed
R5893 T24277 T24278 det The,hippocampus
R5894 T24278 T24279 nsubj hippocampus,showed
R5895 T24280 T24279 advmod also,showed
R5896 T24281 T24282 amod neuronal,microvacuolation
R5897 T24282 T24279 dobj microvacuolation,showed
R5898 T24283 T24279 punct ", ",showed
R5899 T24284 T24285 dep albeit,to
R5900 T24285 T24279 prep to,showed
R5901 T24286 T24287 det a,degree
R5902 T24287 T24285 pobj degree,to
R5903 T24288 T24287 amod lesser,degree
R5904 T24289 T24287 prep than,degree
R5905 T24290 T24291 det the,cortex
R5906 T24291 T24289 pobj cortex,than
R5907 T24292 T24291 amod parietal,cortex
R5908 T24293 T24279 punct .,showed
R5909 T24295 T24296 nsubjpass Microvacuolation,noted
R5910 T24297 T24295 prep of,Microvacuolation
R5911 T24298 T24299 det the,neuropil
R5912 T24299 T24297 pobj neuropil,of
R5913 T24300 T24299 cc and,neuropil
R5914 T24301 T24299 conj neurons,neuropil
R5915 T24302 T24299 prep of,neuropil
R5916 T24303 T24304 det the,ganglia
R5917 T24304 T24302 pobj ganglia,of
R5918 T24305 T24306 nmod PGC,1α
R5919 T24306 T24304 nmod 1α,ganglia
R5920 T24307 T24306 punct -,1α
R5921 T24308 T24306 punct −,1α
R5922 T24309 T24306 punct /,1α
R5923 T24310 T24306 punct −,1α
R5924 T24311 T24304 amod basal,ganglia
R5925 T24312 T24313 punct (,caudate
R5926 T24313 T24304 parataxis caudate,ganglia
R5927 T24314 T24313 cc and,caudate
R5928 T24315 T24313 conj putamen,caudate
R5929 T24316 T24313 punct ),caudate
R5930 T24317 T24296 auxpass was,noted
R5931 T24318 T24296 advmod also,noted
R5932 T24319 T24296 prep in,noted
R5933 T24320 T24319 pobj association,in
R5934 T24321 T24320 prep with,association
R5935 T24322 T24323 det a,increase
R5936 T24323 T24321 pobj increase,with
R5937 T24324 T24323 amod patchy,increase
R5938 T24325 T24323 prep in,increase
R5939 T24326 T24327 det the,number
R5940 T24327 T24325 pobj number,in
R5941 T24328 T24327 cc and,number
R5942 T24329 T24327 conj intensity,number
R5943 T24330 T24327 prep of,number
R5944 T24331 T24332 amod glial,protein
R5945 T24332 T24335 npadvmod protein,immunoreactive
R5946 T24333 T24332 amod fibrillary,protein
R5947 T24334 T24332 amod acidic,protein
R5948 T24335 T24337 amod immunoreactive,processes
R5949 T24336 T24335 punct -,immunoreactive
R5950 T24337 T24330 pobj processes,of
R5951 T24338 T24337 amod astrocytic,processes
R5952 T24339 T24340 punct (,data
R5953 T24340 T24296 meta data,noted
R5954 T24341 T24340 amod unpublished,data
R5955 T24342 T24340 punct ),data
R5956 T24343 T24296 punct .,noted
R5957 T24345 T24346 nsubj Areas,involved
R5958 T24347 T24345 prep of,Areas
R5959 T24348 T24347 pobj microvacuolation,of
R5960 T24349 T24346 advmod also,involved
R5961 T24350 T24351 amod multiple,regions
R5962 T24351 T24346 dobj regions,involved
R5963 T24352 T24351 compound brainstem,regions
R5964 T24353 T24346 punct .,involved
R5965 T24355 T24356 advmod Only,neurons
R5966 T24356 T24363 nsubjpass neurons,identified
R5967 T24357 T24356 amod rare,neurons
R5968 T24358 T24356 amod vacuolated,neurons
R5969 T24359 T24356 nmod Purkinje,neurons
R5970 T24360 T24359 cc and,Purkinje
R5971 T24361 T24362 compound granule,cell
R5972 T24362 T24359 conj cell,Purkinje
R5973 T24364 T24363 auxpass were,identified
R5974 T24365 T24363 prep in,identified
R5975 T24366 T24367 det the,cortex
R5976 T24367 T24365 pobj cortex,in
R5977 T24368 T24369 nmod PGC,1α
R5978 T24369 T24367 nmod 1α,cortex
R5979 T24370 T24369 punct -,1α
R5980 T24371 T24369 punct −,1α
R5981 T24372 T24369 punct /,1α
R5982 T24373 T24369 punct −,1α
R5983 T24374 T24367 amod cerebellar,cortex
R5984 T24375 T24363 punct .,identified
R5985 T24377 T24378 preconj Neither,proliferation
R5986 T24378 T24380 nsubjpass proliferation,noted
R5987 T24379 T24378 amod microglial,proliferation
R5988 T24381 T24378 cc nor,proliferation
R5989 T24382 T24383 amod perivascular,infiltrates
R5990 T24383 T24378 conj infiltrates,proliferation
R5991 T24384 T24383 amod lymphocytic,infiltrates
R5992 T24385 T24383 amod inflammatory,infiltrates
R5993 T24386 T24380 auxpass were,noted
R5994 T24387 T24380 prep in,noted
R5995 T24388 T24389 det the,CNS
R5996 T24389 T24387 pobj CNS,in
R5997 T24390 T24391 nmod PGC,1α
R5998 T24391 T24389 nmod 1α,CNS
R5999 T24392 T24391 punct -,1α
R6000 T24393 T24391 punct −,1α
R6001 T24394 T24391 punct /,1α
R6002 T24395 T24391 punct −,1α
R6003 T24396 T24380 punct .,noted
R6004 T24398 T24399 amod Ultrastructural,examination
R6005 T24399 T24400 nsubj examination,confirmed
R6006 T24401 T24399 prep of,examination
R6007 T24402 T24403 det the,cortex
R6008 T24403 T24401 pobj cortex,of
R6009 T24404 T24405 nmod PGC,1α
R6010 T24405 T24403 nmod 1α,cortex
R6011 T24406 T24405 punct -,1α
R6012 T24407 T24405 punct −,1α
R6013 T24408 T24405 punct /,1α
R6014 T24409 T24405 punct −,1α
R6015 T24410 T24403 amod parietal,cortex
R6016 T24411 T24403 amod cerebral,cortex
R6017 T24412 T24413 det the,presence
R6018 T24413 T24400 dobj presence,confirmed
R6019 T24414 T24413 prep of,presence
R6020 T24415 T24416 amod microvacuolated,neurons
R6021 T24416 T24414 pobj neurons,of
R6022 T24417 T24416 cc and,neurons
R6023 T24418 T24416 conj neuropil,neurons
R6024 T24419 T24420 punct (,10B
R6025 T24420 T24400 parataxis 10B,confirmed
R6026 T24421 T24420 compound Figure,10B
R6027 T24422 T24420 punct ),10B
R6028 T24423 T24400 punct .,confirmed
R6029 T24425 T24426 nsubj Vacuoles,were
R6030 T24427 T24425 acl containing,Vacuoles
R6031 T24428 T24427 dobj aggregates,containing
R6032 T24429 T24428 prep of,aggregates
R6033 T24430 T24431 amod membranous,material
R6034 T24431 T24429 pobj material,of
R6035 T24432 T24426 acomp present,were
R6036 T24433 T24426 prep in,were
R6037 T24434 T24435 det a,subset
R6038 T24435 T24433 pobj subset,in
R6039 T24436 T24435 prep of,subset
R6040 T24437 T24438 amod cortical,neurons
R6041 T24438 T24436 pobj neurons,of
R6042 T24439 T24426 punct .,were
R6043 T24441 T24442 amod Subcellular,localization
R6044 T24442 T24443 nsubj localization,was
R6045 T24443 T24447 ccomp was,represent
R6046 T24444 T24442 prep of,localization
R6047 T24445 T24446 det the,vacuoles
R6048 T24446 T24444 pobj vacuoles,of
R6049 T24448 T24443 acomp difficult,was
R6050 T24449 T24450 aux to,establish
R6051 T24450 T24448 advcl establish,difficult
R6052 T24451 T24447 punct ;,represent
R6053 T24452 T24447 nsubj some,represent
R6054 T24453 T24447 aux may,represent
R6055 T24454 T24455 amod vacuolated,elements
R6056 T24455 T24447 dobj elements,represent
R6057 T24456 T24455 prep of,elements
R6058 T24457 T24458 det the,neuropil
R6059 T24458 T24456 pobj neuropil,of
R6060 T24459 T24455 punct ", ",elements
R6061 T24460 T24455 conj material,elements
R6062 T24461 T24460 prep in,material
R6063 T24462 T24463 amod phagocytic,cells
R6064 T24463 T24461 pobj cells,in
R6065 T24464 T24460 punct ", ",material
R6066 T24465 T24466 amod presynaptic,terminals
R6067 T24466 T24460 conj terminals,material
R6068 T24467 T24466 compound nerve,terminals
R6069 T24468 T24466 acl compressing,terminals
R6070 T24469 T24470 det the,soma
R6071 T24470 T24468 dobj soma,compressing
R6072 T24471 T24466 punct ", ",terminals
R6073 T24472 T24466 cc or,terminals
R6074 T24473 T24474 amod genuine,deposits
R6075 T24474 T24466 conj deposits,terminals
R6076 T24475 T24474 amod intraperikaryal,deposits
R6077 T24476 T24447 punct .,represent